Oil Product Supply Research Articles

U.S. energy product supply elasticities: A survey and application to the U.S. oil market

We survey studies of simple energy supply models to find the most promising technique for developing supply elasticities in the U.S. crude oil market. The two dozen studies located include direct estimates of energy supply elasticities or cost studies from which supply or reserve elasticities can be inferred. We include all available studies for all forms of energy both primary and secondary. We find direct estimates of oil supply to obtain weak results unless depletion and price expectations are included. Oil product supply elasticities vary widely across studies but appear to be elastic. Studies that estimate reserve price elasticities by computing reserve costs appear to be the most promising for estimating reserve elasticities for fossil fuel supply. Hence we apply this technique to US oil reserves and find a reserve elasticity of 1.27.

State of the metrological service for oil product supply

The current state of the metrological service is considered for oil product supply, together with ways of overcoming the crisis in this area and the role of organizations under the Rosneft' state industry.

Food and energy choices for India: a programming model with partial endogenous energy requirements.

This paper presents a mathematical model for all matter-energy processing subsystems at the level of the society, specifically India. It explores India's choices in the food and energy sectors over the coming decades. Alternative land intensive, irrigation energy intensive, and fertilizer intensive techniques of food production are identified using a nonlinear programming model. The land saved is devoted to growing firewood. The optimum combination of railway (steam, diesel, and electric traction) and road (automobiles, diesel trucks, and diesel and gasoline buses) transport is determined. For the oil sector, two alternative sources of supply of crude oil and petroleum products are included, namely, domestic production and imports. The optimum choice is determined through a linear programming model. While the model is basically a static one, designed to determine the optimal choice for the target year of 2000-2001, certain intertemporal detail is incorporated for electricity generation. The model minimizes the costs of meeting the needs for food, transport in terms of passenger kilometers and goods per ton per kilometer, energy needs for domestic cooking and lighting, and the energy needs of the rest of the economy.

Creating a Crisis: German Mass Media and Oil Supply in 1973-74

In the winter of 1973-74, the German Federal Republic imported more oil than in any other year before or since. Nevertheless, the mass media were warning that an energy crisis might occur. Thereupon the population became nervous and bought more crude oil products than ever before. As a consequence, short-term difficulties of supply from industrial producers seemed to confirm the warnings. Hans Mathias Kepplinger is Professor of Communication Research, University of Mainz, FRG. Herbert Roth is a freelance writer in Mainz. Public Opinion Quarterly ? 1979 by The Trustees of Columbia University Published by Elsevier North-Holland, Inc. 0033-362X/79/0043-285/$1.75 This content downloaded from 157.55.39.17 on Wed, 31 Aug 2016 05:20:41 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 286 HANS MATHIAS KEPPLINGER AND HERBERT ROTH Gulf (Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qator, Abu Dhabi, Iraq, and Iran) raised the posted (the base price used for tax figuring purposes in oil supply countries), by as much as 70 percent. On October 17, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iraq, and Libya, together with six other Arab countries, resolved to decrease their crude oil deliveries by 5 percent, compared to the previous year. Moreover, they resolved further monthly 5 percent decreases for as long as Israel occupied the territories it captured in 1967. On October 18, Abu Dhabi stopped its oil delivery to the United States completely, and within a few days boycott procedures by Libya, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and other Arab countries followed. The Arab countries imposed no direct delivery cutbacks on the Federal Republic of Germany, but since a large portion of the Federal Republic's crude oil and crude oil products were delivered via Rotterdam seaport in Holland, the boycott against Holland affected the Federal Republic's oil supply. Despite the oil extraction limitations and the boycott directed against Holland, a considerable increase in the amount of crude oil imported into the Federal Repub!ic was seen in October and November 1973, compared to October and November 1972. There were several reasons for the good supply of crude oil and crude oil products received by the Federal Republic of Germany in