Electric Power Supply Research Articles

A Multimode Wide Output Range High-Voltage Power Supply for Magnetrons

High voltage electric field power supply with a wide output voltage range is widely used in microwave generating, X-ray, ion implantation, and other fields. However, the existing high voltage power supplies cannot meet the demand of wide voltage regulation range for high-voltage high-power magnetrons. In this paper, a multi-mode high voltage DC-DC converter with a wide output voltage range is proposed, which is composed of two input series connected full-bridge inverters, six inductor – inductor – capacitor (LLC) resonant networks, and two types of voltage multipliers. The proposed high voltage power supply owns six operation modes and five available output voltage ranges by modifying the inverter's driving scheme. Thus, the proposed converter can reduce the variation range of the resonant network's gain when regulating the output voltage widely. In this paper, a detailed comparative analysis is presented of the operating principle of the proposed topology and its six operation modes. Moreover, the expression of its output voltage gain is shown with the control strategy. Finally, a 7.5kW 3.5-10kV output prototype is built to verify. The results convincingly demonstrate the applicability of the proposed converter offering high efficiency over a wide range of output power.

Fabricating orientated nanofibrous meshes with a bespoke ultra-cost-effective electrospinning machine

Electrospinning's production method has been streamlined and perfected because to advancements in technology and increased demand. While working with electrospun fibers, it is crucial to ensure that they are collected in the correct orientation. Electrospun fibers can be either aligned or random. In contrast to randomly oriented fibers, all aligned ones will point in the same direction. Our results show that a low-cost, tailored electrospinning device can achieve equivalent performance to that of a commercially available system. High voltage (up to 36 kV) and nanofiber orientation adjustments are now being made to the proposed device. A high-voltage direct-current electrical power supply that is custom-built per order and wired by hand. Two specialized collectors, one portable and manufactured from conductive material for random nanofibers, and the other an inexpensive rotational drum collector for aligned nanofibers, have been developed to allow for precise orientation control. By applying Image J software to scanning electron micrographs, we were able to determine the average diameter and orientation of the fibers produced by the electrospinning apparatus, demonstrating its potential to produce nanoscale directed fibers. Because of this research, it's possible that schools will be able to afford an electrospinning system at a price far lower than the current market price.

Choosing the Technical Means for Seasonal Power Supply Backup

Due to the seasonality of most agricultural technological processes the authors have proposed the methods and technical means of backup to ensure rational loading of electrical power supply sources when the design power is reduced. The use of seasonal backup means in internal electrical networks for power receivers involved in technological processes of agricultural enterprises has been substantiated. The methodology is presented, the criteria and an example of choosing seasonal backup devices for an illustrative technological process are given.

Geothermal prospective areas in the Northern sector of Bida Basin and environs, North-Central Nigeria

With the deteriorating electrical power supply in Nigeria, it is imperative that more alternative sources are explored. This research work is carried out to assess part of the Bida basin as a possible source of geothermal energy that will help to augment the electric power generation in the country. The study was carried out within the northern sector of the Bida Basin and environs and the area which lies between Longitudes 5000ʹ00ʺ – 7000ʹ00ʺ E and Latitudes 8030ʹ00ʺ – 10030ʹ00ʺ N. Sixteen (16) half degree high resolution aeromagnetic data in a block grid format was utilised for this research. To enhance data for interpretation the total magnetic intensity (TMI) map was subjected to regional-residual separation using Oasis Montaj (version 7.0.1) software. To minimize the effect of frequency noise caused by tiny structures near ground surface, the residual magnetic map was upward continued and further divided into sixteen square blocks with each block windowed and subjected to spectral analysis using Matlab (version R2010a) software. Surfer 11 surface mapping software was used for data contouring. Results obtained from the analysis revealed a Curie point depths ranges from 9 – 17 km over the study area, a geothermal gradient range from 32 – 65 0C km-1, and heat flow ranges from 83 – 163 mWm-2. From interpretation of heat flow map, the prospective areas with anomalous geothermal conditions recommended for geothermal exploitation are areas around Masamagu, Mokwa, Bokani, Lapai, Agaie and Agena.

Short-term power load forecasting based on the CEEMDAN-TCN-ESN model.

Ensuring an adequate electric power supply while minimizing redundant generation is the main objective of power load forecasting, as this is essential for the power system to operate efficiently. Therefore, accurate power load forecasting is of great significance to save social resources and promote economic development. In the current study, a hybrid CEEMDAN-TCN-ESN forecasting model based on complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) and higher-frequency and lower-frequency component reconstruction is proposed for short-term load forecasting research. In this paper, we select the historical national electricity load data of Panama as the research subject and make hourly forecasts of its electricity load data. The results show that the RMSE and MAE predicted by the CEEMDAN-TCN-ESN model on this dataset are 15.081 and 10.944, respectively, and R2 is 0.994. Compared to the second-best model (CEEMDAN-TCN), the RMSE is reduced by 9.52%, and the MAE is reduced by 17.39%. The hybrid model proposed in this paper effectively extracts the complex features of short-term power load data and successfully merges subseries according to certain similar features. It learns the complex and varying features of higher-frequency series and the obvious regularity of the lower-frequency-trend series well, which could be applicable to real-world short-term power load forecasting work.

Evaluation of cervical cancer screening program in Gondar city administration public health facilities, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021: mixed method approach

BackgroundCervical cancer is one of the most malignancies in women all over the world. Over 90% of cases occurred in low and middle-income countries with limited resources. Even though cervical cancer is preventable, the Sub-Saharan countries are the most burdened. In Ethiopia 27.19 million women are at risk of acquiring cervical cancer. Although the prevalence of cervical cancer screening among women aged 18 to 69 was around 14%, due to COVID 19 and internal conflict the screening prevalence was lowered to 0.2% by 2022.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate cervical cancer screening program implementation at Gondar city administration public health facilities, Northwest Ethiopia.MethodsSingle case study design with mixed method evaluation was employed in eight public health facilities of Gondar city administration from March 29 to May 30, 2021. The quantitative data were collected through exit interviews and resources inventory observations. While qualitative data were collected through Key informant interviews, non-participatory observation and document review. A total of 310 clients, 14 key informants, 30 non-participatory observations and six months retrospective document reviews were included in this evaluation. Quantitative data were entered into EPI-data version 4.6 and exported into SPSS version 20 for analysis. For qualitative data; records were transcribed, translated and analyzed in themes. Variables with P-value < 0.05 at 95% confidence interval and adjusted odds ratio were used to declare associated variables with client satisfaction.ResultsThe overall implementation of cervical cancer screening program with visual inspection with acetic acid was 64.5%. The availability of program resources, compliance of healthcare providers and satisfaction of mothers were 52.3%, 64.3% and 77.1% respectively.Being educated, having information on cervical cancer screening and the number of lifetime sexual partners were positively associated variables with client satisfaction.ConclusionThe cervical cancer screening program was judged as partially-implemented and needs urgent improvement based on pre-determined judgment parameters. To implement the program properly and serve more women; human and material resources should be available, providers shall be trained and the health facilities should equip with full infrastructures like electric power supply and separate procedure rooms.

The influence of the static component of the water supply network on the change in the power consumption of the pumping unit with frequency control

RELEVANCE. The effective functioning of urban water supply systems plays an important role in maintaining the normal life of cities and towns. Of particular importance is the management of pressure and the optimization of hydraulic regimes in water-wired networks, since they directly affect the reliability of water supply and the efficient use of resources. However, the determination of the optimal parameters and methods of regulation in each specific case requires careful research and analysis. In the context of a constant increase in requirements for automation of water supply and growing investments in its infrastructure, the problem of a correct feasibility study for such investments is of particular relevance.PURPOSE. For smooth regulation of the pressure characteristic of the pump in the conditions of the need to maintain a given pressure of the water supply network, frequency converters are widely used. In the context of the significance of an accurate assessment of investment costs for the automation of pumping units, it becomes necessary to obtain equations that take into account the features of the operation of the water supply network at the pre-design stage. In this regard, the authors of the article set themselves the goal of studying the degree of influence of the static component of the water supply network on the change in the power consumption of the pumping unit with frequency regulation and testing the obtained dependencies on real statistics of the water and energy consumption modes of the Sozh water intake of the Gomel water utility.METHODS. To solve the tasks, classical formulas of similarity of the pumping unit were used, reflecting the relationship between flow, pressure and power consumption. The mean squared error, the mean absolute error and the average absolute error in percentages were used as the evaluation metric for verifying the electric power supply model of the pumping unit.RESULTS. The study demonstrates a significant improvement in the accuracy of power consumption modeling when using a modified coefficient reflecting the degree of power change when the frequency of the supply network changes. When using this approach, the standard error is reduced more than twice, from 0.35 to 0.167, the average absolute error is reduced from 0.347 to 0.165, and the average absolute percentage error is reduced from 0.20% to 0.08%.CONCLUSION The conducted research confirms the effectiveness of the use of frequency control of pumping units, which provides a nonlinear change in electrical power, and demonstrates the possibility of more accurate forecasting of electricity consumption, taking into account the specifics of the water supply network. The results of this work can be useful for projects to optimize urban water supply systems, providing more accurate planning and use of resources.

Future Challenges of the Electric Vehicle Market Perceived by Individual Drivers from Eastern Poland

In the past few years, it can be seen that the automotive market has been developing quite rapidly, especially when it comes to electric cars. This is because the development of sustainable cars seems to be an extremely important issue at the moment. Nowadays, cars with different propulsion systems (among others electric, hybrid, gas, or hydrogen) can be met on the roads. But, political action is mainly aimed at electric cars. Such an approach will certainly lead to fundamental changes in production processes in the near future via the emergence and development of new technologies in the field of electric passenger cars. Therefore, the manuscript discusses the concept of vehicles with different types of power supply, with the main emphasis on electric vehicles. The essence of electric vehicles, their genesis, rationale for development, and growth are indicated. The different markets around the world, through the prism of, on the one hand, programs supporting the purchase and use of this type of vehicle and, on the other hand, factors limiting and inhibiting their uptake, are also discussed. The research was conducted in a group of both current and potential drivers from Eastern Poland, with different categories of grouping variables used in the analyses. On the basis of the research carried out and the results obtained, it can be argued that due to various factors, the respondents’ opinions are varied, and there are no unambiguous conclusions stating that such solutions will soon be available. Indeed, a number of doubts and barriers were noted among respondents. Driver preferences are therefore a key issue, but production capacity and the profitability of investments in the purchase of vehicles with an electric power supply should also be taken into account.

Internal control, debt risk, CEO education and earnings management evidence from China

PurposeThis study aims to explore how earnings management techniques are affected by corporate financial debt risk (FDR), internal control (IC) effectiveness and CEO education.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses a sample from listed firms in China from 2010 to 2017, comprising different industries, including agriculture, forestry, livestock farming and fishing; mining; manufacturing; electric power, gas and water production and supply; construction; transport and storage; information technology; the real estate industry; social services; and communication and cultural. The regression analysis is used to test the hypotheses. The two-stage least squares technique is used to check for endogeneity issues.FindingsThe study finds that firms are less likely to manage real earnings when they have more robust IC and FDR. Likewise, companies with weak ICs are more likely to manipulate real earnings. Besides, the study finds an influence of CEO education on the relationship between IC, FDR and real earnings management (REM). These results can be applied to the sectors in the sample covered by the research, and the authors do not overlook the energy industry sector for the importance of its role in the economy.Research limitations/implicationsThere are some limitations for the researcher when performing any research, and this study is no exception. Researchers are urged to take these circumstances into consideration when generalizing or comparing the results because the methods used to calculate the measurement variables in each study may differ somewhat from those used in other research. In addition, expanding the current research design to incorporate additional nations may be an area of interest for future research and could aid in evaluating the effects of nation-specific elements (such as inflation, culture, legal systems and political considerations) on the usefulness of IC and decreasing FDR. Second, the current study focuses on the impact of IC and FDR on REM; this paper does not dissect the “black box” of IC and consider how each element affects earnings management. Future research may need to focus specifically on how effective IC would affect earnings management and precisely what IC mechanisms would discourage the management of earnings.Practical implicationsHelping companies listed in China to make decisions and improve investors’ vision of the results of real companies’ businesses, as well as helping management to avoid falling into debt risk and the consequent effects and manipulation of earnings.Originality/valueBy highlighting the significance of IC and debt risk in enhancing information quality in China, the results contribute to the body of work examining the relationship between IC, FDR and REM. In addition, this study uses a CEO’s education to moderate this link.

Optimal Sizing of Movable Energy Resources for Enhanced Resilience in Distribution Systems: A Techno-Economic Analysis

This article introduces a techno-economic analysis aimed at identifying the optimal total size of movable energy resources (MERs) to enhance the resilience of electric power supply. The core focus of this approach is to determine the total size of MERs required within the distribution network to expedite restoration after extreme events. Leveraging distribution line fragility curves, the proposed methodology generates numerous line outage scenarios, with scenario reduction techniques employed to minimize computational burden. For each reduced multiple line outage scenario, a systematic reconfiguration of the distribution network, represented as a graph, is executed using tie-switches within the system. To evaluate each locational combination of MERs for a specific number of these resources, the expected load curtailment (ELC) is calculated by summing the load curtailment within microgrids formed due to multiple line outages. This process is repeated for all possible locational combinations of MERs to determine minimal ELC for each MER total size. For every MER total size, the minimal ELCs are determined. Finally, a techno-economic analysis is performed using power outage cost and investment cost of MERs to pinpoint an optimal total size of MERs for the distribution system. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, case studies are conducted on the 33-node and the modified IEEE 123-node distribution test systems.

Backup Battery Allocation and Workload Migration Against Electrical Load Shedding at Edge

In the 5G era (and the upcoming 6G), Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) has been advocated to serve the massive amount of Internet of Things (IoT) devices by base stations (BSs) and edge data centers (EDCs). Geo-distributed EDCs are generally of much smaller scales as compared to mega DCs and hence of much lower costs, but can have fast response to their users so as to satisfy the demands of real-time applications. As their reliability and availability heavily depend on the electrical power supply, most EDCs are equipped with battery groups as backup power in case of power grid load shedding or outage. In a heterogeneous geo-distributed environment, the QoS of heavily loaded EDCs however can be severely impacted by limited backup power while lightly loaded EDCs may simply waste such precious resources. Moreover, a heavily loaded EDC may suffer from deep discharge of its battery group, which will cause a significant reduction of battery capacity and lifetime. This further aggravates the aforementioned situations should load shedding/outage happen again. In this paper, we carefully analyze the workloads in EDCs and classify them into interactive workloads and batch workloads, respectively. We then develop a novel battery allocation framework with smart workload migration for EDCs, which simultaneously protects interactive workloads from being interrupted and minimizes the waiting time of batch workloads. Our extensive evaluations show that our strategies can optimize all the objectives within a limited overall cost as compared to state-of-the-art practical allocation.

Development of a phase-change material-based soft actuator for soft robotic gripper functionality: In-depth analysis of material composition, ethanol microbubble distribution and lifting capabilities

Soft actuators have numerous applications in soft robotics due to their capability of mimicking quite complex motions observed in living things with deformable organs. In the present research, a programmable, low-cost soft actuator based on phase-change material (PCM) composites is developed, using silicon rubber as the matrix, ethanol as the phase-change fluid, and carbon fabric as the conductive path which generates the required heat for actuation. The required pressure for actuation is provided by the electrically-induced phase transition of the PCM (30W electrical power supply). FESEM images illustrate the homogenous distribution of ethanol microbubbles within the active area, with an average diameter of 14.66 μm, and their absence inside the passive layer. The temperature is monitored by an internal thermal sensor placed inside the composite, and controlled to prevent overheating (T > 80 °C) in the active area. The gripper fabricated by using this composite produces considerable motion using a low-voltage driving force (∼30 V). Moreover, it undergoes a sizeable displacement (∼9 cm) and bending angle (∼50°), considering the low amount of power input (30W). Additionally, the tip of the gripper reaches the maximum velocity of ∼1 mm s−1, and the designed sample is capable of lifting objects with varying shapes and weights (from ∼10g to ∼300g).

RETRACTED: Addressing greenhouse gas emissions and optimizing power systems: A novel approach for clean electricity integration in commercial buildings

The global imperative for ensuring sustainable development has heightened the significance of reducing greenhouse gas emissions within the building sector. Consequently, a critical exploration into the integration of clean electricity within buildings has become indispensable. Therefore, this study focuses on the urgent global concern of reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the building sector to achieve sustainable development. However, the optimization of power systems encounters new challenges due to the unpredictable charging behavior of electric vehicles, resulting in flexible demand side management. These challenges necessitate a reevaluation of existing mathematical approaches. To ensure the utilization of clean electricity, a novel and cost-effective power supply system is proposed, specifically tailored for commercial buildings with a focus on creating a comfortable environment in a shopping mall. Furthermore, an energy management strategy is suggested to optimize energy usage. The study takes into account two types of electric vehicles and develops separate models for each based on their unique stochastic behaviors. Additionally, the integration of retired electric vehicle batteries in commercial buildings is explored as a potential solution. To address the inherent complexity of the problem, a developed algorithm based on multi-group search optimization is proposed. This algorithm effectively handles the uncertainties associated with electric vehicles and employs a decomposition approach to provide an optimal solution. The results demonstrate significant reductions of 82.17% and 83.32% in the expected operating cost through the integration of photovoltaic energy alone or both photovoltaic and retired electric vehicle batteries in commercial buildings, respectively. This emphasizes the benefits of incorporating photovoltaic and retired electric vehicle batteries in commercial buildings. Furthermore, the robustness of the proposed method is validated through a comparative analysis with alternative approaches.

Quantification of the interannual variability of the nationwide electric power supply from photovoltaic systems in Japan

Information on the variation in photovoltaic (PV) power generation is essential for resource assessment. This work investigated the interannual variability of the nationwide electric power supply from PV systems in Japan. Objectives of this study were twofold: one was the quantification of the annual variability of the nationwide PV power supply. The other was identifying the causes of the variability. However, the time span of available observation data on the PV power supply is inadequate to evaluate its variability, as PV systems have been rapidly installed in recent years. We used simulation to bypass this limitation. Due to the lack of available information for modeling, a hybrid modeling approach, combining a parametric model, and estimating parameters by fitting the model to observations, was employed. Nationwide PV power supply simulations were performed using historical weather data for 30 years, from 1991–2020. The long-term simulation data enabled us to quantify the interannual variability of the nationwide PV power generation. The annual variability measured with the range from the minimum to the maximum was approximately 9% of the mean. The variability for each month was less than 30% of the monthly mean for every month except for July when it was approximately 40%. An increasing trend in the annual mean PV power supply was observed over the 30 years, with an increase of 0.16% per year of the mean over the whole period. We found that the variations in sea surface temperature (SST) in the Tropics are factors contributing to the variability of nationwide PV power supply. Specifically, the variation in SST in the tropical Indian Ocean is one of the possible driving factors of the annual variability. The framework proposed in this study can provide valuable information for assessing solar energy resources on an interannual scale.

ESTIMATION OF THE ELECTRIC POWER POTENTIAL OF HUMAN WASTE USING STUDENTS HOSTEL SOAK-AWAY PITS

With the growing demand for electric power supply in Nigeria, there is a need to look into all possible means of electricity generation especially renewable ones. It is an established fact that methane gas is a major product of the anaerobic digestion of human waste and the combustion of this gas can be used to generate electricity. This paper presents a carefully articulated approach to the technique of estimating the amount of electricity that can be generated from a specified amount of human waste. The analysis of the acquired data from a student’s hostel pit toilet at the Federal University of Technology, Owerri, shows that the available biomass waste in tonnes per day from the case study area is 3.66 tonnes and the biogas accruable bi-monthly is 154.76kg capable of running a 5KW biogas generator for six (6) days. Keywords: Key Words: Solid Waste, Human Waste, Bio-Gas and Electric Power

A graph theory and coalitional game theory-based pre-positioning of movable energy resources for enhanced distribution system resilience

This paper proposes an approach based on graph theory and coalitional game theory for pre-positioning of movable energy resources (MERs) to improve the resilience of the electric power supply. By utilizing the weather forecasting and monitoring data, the proposed approach determines staggering locations of MERs in order to ensure the quickest possible response following an extreme event. The proposed approach starts by generating multiple line outage scenarios based on fragility curves of distribution lines, where the fuzzy k-means method is used to create a set of reduced line outage scenarios. The distribution network is modeled as a graph and distribution network reconfiguration is performed for each reduced line outage scenario. The expected load curtailment (ELC) corresponding to each location is calculated using the amount of curtailed load and probability of each reduced scenario. The optimal route to reach each location and its distance is determined using Dijkstra’s shortest path algorithm. The MER deployment cost function associated to each location is determined based on the ELC and the optimal distance. The MER deployment cost functions are used to determine candidate locations for MER pre-positioning. Finally, the Shapley value, a solution concept of coalitional game theory, is used to determine the sizes of MERs at each candidate location. The proposed approach for pre-positioning of MERs is validated through case studies performed on a 33-node and a modified IEEE 123-node distribution test systems.

OPERATING MODES OF MICRO-HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT WITH OUTPUT VOLTAGE STABILIZATION USING INVERTER CONTROL

Link for citation: Lukutin B.B., Shandarova E.B., Popov M. M. Operating modes of micro-hydroelectric power plant with output voltage stabilization using inverter control. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 8, рр. 51-58. In Rus. The relevance. The use of Russia's hydroelectric potential for electricity generation is one of the cleanest and environmentally friendly methods as it does not result in the emission of harmful substances and carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Moreover, it is a reliable and efficient source of energy as water is a constant source of energy. Hydro turbines are used to convert the energy of water flow into electrical energy, which effectively ensures more reliable and stable production capacity for hydroelectric installations. However, micro-hydroelectric power plants have some drawbacks related to difficulties in ensuring the high quality of produced electricity of autonomous power supply systems. This is due to the fact that the load on the autonomous power supply system can vary not only in magnitude but also in nature, which makes it difficult to maintain a stable level of electricity production. The main goal of the research is to determine the ranges of variation of the output electrical parameters of a non-regulated hydrogenerator operating as part of an inverter-based micro-hydroelectric power station for rural domestic consumers. Additionally, the task is to formulate requirements for the hydrogenerator and power conversion devices in static and dynamic operating modes of the autonomous power supply system. Object: inverter-based micro-hydroelectric power station. Methods: simulation modeling, and programming in Matlab Simulink. Results. A simulation model of an electric power supply system with an inverter microelectric power station was developed. The structure of microelectric power station is proposed, as well as the ranges of voltage changes of the microelectric power station generator are obtained.

Electro-Oxidative Polymerization of Aromatic Monomers without an Electric Power Supply

Electrochemistry is a powerful tool for organic synthesis based on electron transfer-driven reactions at the substrate/electrode interface. The use of electricity for synthetic reactions without the need for hazardous chemical oxidants and reductants is recognized as a green and sustainable approach. We have recently developed a split bipolar electrode (s-BPE) system [1], in which the redox reactions can be driven in a low electrolyte concentration, with batch [2,3] and flow [4] cells. Herein, we report a novel s-BPE system for organic electrosynthesis driven under a streaming potential condition with a pressure flow. As a proof-of-concept study on electrosynthesis without an electric power supply, electrochemical oxidative polymerization of aromatic monomers such as pyrrole successfully yielded the corresponding polymer films on an electrode surface at the upstream, which acted as an anode [5].[1] Shida, N.; Zhou, Y.; Inagi, S. Chem. Res. 2019, 52, 2598-2608.[2] Miyamoto, K.; Nishiyama, H.; Tomita, I.; Inagi, S. ChemElectroChem 2019, 6, 97-100.[3] Shida, N.; Villani, E.; Sanuki, M.; Miyamoto, K.; Gotou, A.; Isogai, I.; Yamauchi, A.; Fuchigami, T.; Tomita, I.; Inagi, S. Electrochemistry, 2021, 89, 476-479.[4] Sakagami, H.; Takenaka, H.; Iwai, S.; Shida, N.; Villani, E.; Gotou, A.; Isogai, T.; Yamauchi, A.; Kishikawa, Y.; Fuchigami, T.; Tomita, I.; Inagi, S. ChemElectroChem, 2022, 9, e202200084[5] Iwai, S.; Suzuki, T.; Sakagami, H. Miyamoto, K.; Chen, Z.; Konishi, M.; Villani, E.; Shida, N.; Tomita, I.; Inagi, S. Commun. Chem., 2022, 5, 66.

Optimizing the battery charging and swapping infrastructure for electric short-haul aircraft—The case of electric flight in Norway

Recent advances in battery technology have opened the possibility for short-haul electric flight. This is particularly attractive for commuter airlines that operate in remote regions such as archipelagos or Nordic fjords where the geography impedes other means of transportation. In this paper we address the question of how to optimize the charging infrastructure (charging power, spare batteries) for an airline when considering a battery swapping system. Our analysis considers the expenditures needed for (i) the significant charging power requirements, (ii) spare aircraft batteries, (iii) the used electricity, and (iv) delay costs, should the infrastructure not be sufficient to accommodate the flight schedule. The main result of this paper is the formulation of this problem as a two-phase recourse model. This is required to account for the variation of the flight schedule throughout a year of operations. With this, both the strategic (infrastructure sizing) and tactical (battery recharge scheduling) planning are addressed The model is applied for Widerøe Airlines, with a network of 7 hub airports and 36 regional airports in Norway. The results show that a total investment of 4412 kW in electricity power supply and 25 spare batteries is needed for the considered network, resulting in a daily investment of €11700. We also quantify the benefits of considering an entire year of operations for our analysis, instead of just one congested day (7% cost reduction) or one average day of operations (31% reduction) at the most congested airport.

Implementasi Proses Manufaktur Pembangkit Listrik Bertenaga Angin Dan Surya Di Pesisir Pantai Matras

Indonesia is a country rich in natural resources and natural resources. These natural resources can be in the form of wind and solar heat, wind and solar heat can be utilized as an alternative to power generation with the type of power generator in the form of wind turbines and solar panels. In certain areas there are still many that require a supply of electric power, for example in the Turun Aban Beach area. At that location there is no electricity supply at all. Meanwhile, the fishermen at the Turun Aban Beach location often carry out the process of transporting their catch at night. Therefore, to meet the needs of these fishermen, they can use alternative power generators in the form of wind turbines and solar panels. Coastal areas have great potential for wind speed and solar heat. This research examines the process of implementing wind and solar power generators that will be used as alternative lighting for fishermen on the Turun Aban Beach, Matras Bangka Village. The process of making the tool will be carried out at the PolmanBabel Mechanical Workshop. Making this tool will go through several stages such as cutting the frame material, welding, turning and also assembling the electrical circuit on the tool.