Supply In Nigeria Research Articles

THROUGH THE LENSES OF ACTOR-NETWORK APPROACH - THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF NIGERIAN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH OUTREACH CENTRE

Agriculture’s goal in Nigeria is to provide supportive resources to sustain mankind, environmental resilience against climate change, nation’s economy, irrespective of geographical location or social status with a total land of 911,000 sq. km, and about (80%) is available for various agricultural purposes including arable land, permanent crops, pastures, and irrigated land. However, to achieve the set goal in the past, a series of agricultural information dissemination strategies such as radio, television, and print media were employed to raise adequate revenue for the agricultural sector and increase the food supply in Nigeria via Agricultural Research Outreach Centre in the National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services adopted villages/ schools. The study was premised on a mixed method for counterfactuals to facilitate novelties. Despite all the efforts, these strategies did not yield the desired goal, thus, the digital transformation of the agricultural sector particularly to strengthen the extension system in Nigeria. This manner, demands the integration of the agricultural sector into the digital hub to create synergy among the stakeholders, source requisite agricultural information, and hybridize the means of disseminating agricultural information via participatory learning and action platforms. Also, create a Digital Participatory Learning and Action for Agricultural Extension (Di-PLA4AE). Thus, the paper trail on the concept of AROC, ICTs - Digitization, x-rayed the Actor-Network Approach (ANA) by Callon, its application, and the implications of digitization for agricultural activities to stakeholders and criticism in the context. More so, mirror the implications of the Di-PLA4AE and conclusion.

Domestic Private Investment and Selected Macroeconomic Indicators in Nigeria:An Econometric Analysis

Domestic private investment (DPI) plays significant role in economic growth of any economy. It helps in mobilizing domestic resources for socio-economic advancement. Domestic Investment and its determining factors remains one recalling issues in the field of economics and international finance. This is based on the fact that aggregate investment plays a dominant role in stimulating economic growth and development of every nation. However, most of the developing and underdeveloped economies have witnessed low domestic investment and consequently slow economic growth. Therefore, this study investigates the relationship, trends, and impact of domestic private investment and selected macroeconomic indicators in Nigeria, a developing economy. The study analyzed data gotten from the CBN Statistical Bulletin for the duration of 1991-2020. The statistical package used for the study is Econometric Views (E-Views 9.0). Multiple regression techniques via OLS, Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test and Granger causality procedure was applied to determine causalities while Johansen Co-integration test was administered to verify sustainability of the long-run relationships. The result revealed that there exist short and long-run relationships between domestic private investment and key macroeconomic variables- Inflation, Lending rates, gross domestic savings, real gross domestic product, money supply in Nigeria. Vector error correction model was also adopted to determine the speed of adjustment between the independent variables and the dependent variables. The OLS result revealed that there exist a positive and significant relationship among GDSA, BMOS, RGDP and PDIV, negative and significant relationship among PLER, INFR, and PDIV. Therefore, the study recommends among others that Nigerian government must be resolute in their resolve to drive private domestic investment in the country by implementing appropriate monetary and fiscal policies that address inflation, interest rate, domestic savings and money supply. This will no doubt fast track inclusive growth.

International remittances and labor supply in Nigeria: Do educational attainment and household income matter?

AbstractThe effect of remittances on the labor supply decisions of recipients remains a subject of contention. To contribute to the debate, we investigate how the educational attainment and household income of remittance recipients shape their decisions to work. Using data from the 2018–2019 living standard measurement survey for over 61,000 Nigerians and applying the instrumental variable probit and Tobit techniques, we find that remittances are associated with an occupational switch from agriculture to nonagricultural (paid jobs and nonfarm enterprises) works. Specifically, the results show that remittance recipients are more likely to exit or reduce the hours worked on the farm, regardless of educational attainment and household income status. On the other hand, remittances promote labor supply to paid jobs and nonfarm enterprises, especially among the less educated in Northern Nigeria. In terms of household income, the positive effect of remittances on nonfarm jobs only holds for individuals in the top income quartile, regardless of their region of residence. Our findings are robust to alternative estimation techniques and hold important cues for policymakers.

Spatial modelling of present and future groundwater potentials in Nigeria; towards a sustainable water demand and supply

The development of water resources in Nigeria has not risen alongside population increase. Although groundwater is the available source of water at all locations in Nigeria, groundwater aquifer is becoming deeper due to increased groundwater harvest, especially in urban areas. There is a need for continuous groundwater modelling using geological, climatic, environmental data, and spatial tools especially under climate change and intense landcover conversions. The Spatial Multi-Criteria Analysis (SMCA) was adopted in this study to model the current groundwater potential in Nigeria. The multi-criteria analysis tool in ArcGIS was explored to overlay the nine factor maps to model historic and futuristic groundwater potentials. Our groundwater factor maps show an interesting pattern across Nigeria, the southern parts show more potential considering suitability factors like; surface water density, rainfall, temperature, soil, land cover and elevation in the region. Whereas the upland regions even with higher rainfall and lower temperatures suitable for groundwater recharge, are disadvantaged by geomorphological factors. Northern part of Nigeria shows high potentials, considering the geology, soil, lineament density and slope, but disadvantaged by other factors like lower rainfall and higher temperatures. This informed the final groundwater potential maps; results for the historic potential revealed that, no location in Nigeria has optimal (9–10), very poor or no (1–2) groundwater potential. The results further revealed that areas with higher groundwater potentials are largely within the corridors of major rivers in Nigeria (Niger and Benue), covering about 17.6% of the Nigerian landmass, while 2.6%, 33.7, 44% and 2.2% are occupy areas with very low, low, moderate and very high groundwater potentials respectively. Further analysis highlighs locations of concern due to climatic and environmental changes. Interestingly, our groundwater projection results show a persistent increase in groundwater potential from 2021 to 2100 if current landuses and environmental factors are maintained, and if the projected increase in rainfall is true. Despite these groundwater potentials, the recent issues of shallow aquifers have been cautioned by scientists, especially due to groundwater uncertainties in Nigeria especially with intense landcover conversions, combined with accelerated water demands due to increase in population, and incessant groundwater extractions. Therefore, there is a need to seek caution in the pattern of unregulated and incessant groundwater harvest in Nigeria and we recommend frequent updates of the groundwater potential using geospatial tools to inform governing policies on a centralised consolidated sustainable water supply in Nigeria.

Examining the drivers of artificial intelligence adoption in Nigeria’s supply chain management landscape

The evolution of artificial intelligence and varying perspectives on its integration within the supply chain management landscape tend to influence organisations’ ability to adapt to changing market conditions and maintain relevance and competitiveness. Using a quantitative approach, this study explored the drivers of artificial intelligence adoption in Nigeria’s supply chain management landscape. A survey questionnaire was the primary means of collecting quantitative data from 80 local supply chain practitioners, which was analysed through statistical tests. Results from the study established support and leadership from senior management, availability of technological infrastructure, and regulatory framework and regulatory considerations as the foremost drivers of AI adoption in Nigeria’s supply chain landscape. The study's findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, industry practitioners, and academic researchers. The study posits that fostering a conducive environment for AI implementation, addressing regulatory ambiguities, and enhancing technological capabilities will be imperative for unlocking the full benefits of AI in Nigeria's supply chain management landscape.

Multicriteria GIS-based assessment of biomass energy and hydropower potentials in Nigeria

The deployment of hybrid renewable energy systems remains the quickest way to salvage the dwindling grid supply in Nigeria and improve energy access. The assessment of biomass and hydro potentials across the geopolitical zones of the country to determine the optimal locations for a Biogas fired thermal plant for energy generation is thoroughly addressed in this paper. Multiple Geographical Information System (GIS) approaches were used to assess the energy potentials of crop and forest residues for biomass, as well as waterbodies, and waterlines for a hydrothermal power plant. The study applies the inverse distance weighting and weighted overlay multicriteria decision analysis. Forest areas, waterbodies, distance from water sources and road accessibility were considered for locating the biomass and hydrothermal facilities within multiple ring buffer distances of 200 m–2000 m from the combined biomass and hydropower resources. The result shows four states with potentials to host biomass-hydrothermal power plants in Nigeria; Niger, Kaduna, Bauchi and Taraba states with biomass potentials of 831.9 tonnes/yr, 1173.27 tonnes/yr, 322 tonnes/yr and 739.48 tonnes/yr, respectively and inland waterways. It further shows that these plants can be optimally located within 2000 m from the source of the biomass and hydro resources. This paper recommends the utilization of these results to carry out feasibility studies and make informed decisions on the exploration of these resources for power generation. It also advocates for a control in the commercialization of forest residues to sustain the production from these hybrid plants and supports the Nigerian bio-energy policy that proposes to effectively utilize the Nigeria's non-fuelwood as substitute to felling of trees.

Being Green and Prudent: Economy-Wide and Environmental Impacts of Renewable Energy Production Subsidy in Nigeria

ABSTRACT: Green fiscal policies are becoming prominent policy instruments for achieving energy transition. However, while the effectiveness of these policies on renewable energy outcomes have been well documented, the economy-wide impacts are rarely studied. This study examines the economy-wide and environmental impacts of renewable energy production subsidy in Nigeria. The study provides a novel modeling framework for analysing fiscal and other incentives for green energy in Nigeria by incorporating self-generated electricity, which is a major component of electricity supply in Nigeria, into a macroeconomic model. The study uses a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model to analyse the effectiveness and economic impacts of renewable energy production subsidy in Nigeria. CGE models are commonly used to assess the economy-wide impacts of public policy. Specifically, the PEP-1-1 model, which is a static single-country model, is used for the analysis. The model is calibrated on Nigeria's updated social accounting matrix (SAM). The results of the analysis show that renewable energy production subsidy is effective in enhancing the development of the renewable-electricity sector and encouraging the use of renewable electricity but does not significantly reduce the use of conventional electricity sources. The subsidy, if financed by public deficit, has positive impacts on real economic outcomes such as GDP, household income, welfare, and employment, but has a smaller effect on CO2 emissions. In contrast, the economic effects are mostly negative, but the CO2 emissions-reduction effects are larger if the subsidy is financed by reallocation of public expenditure. In addition, the effects on sectoral outputs are mixed. The results of this study can be used by policy makers to ascertain how to finance green subsidies in fiscally constrained and energy-poor developing countries. Specifically, policy makers should take cognizance of economic and feedback effects when designing and implementing environmental policies. Beyond Nigeria and the specific case of fiscal subsidies, the modeling framework presented in this study can be applied to other green energy policies and can be adapted to other developing countries.

Modeling of Wellbore Heat Transfer in Geothermal Production Well

Electricity supply in Nigeria has been insufficient to aid development. It has also been observed that fossil fuels that supply energy has not been friendly to the environment, as a result an alternative energy source is needed. Geothermal energy has come to fill this gap. This work modelled wellbore heat transfer in geothermal wells and investigated the best heat mining fluid that will conserve heat during heat transfer at the wellbore during heat production. This work employed the mechanisms that greenhouse gases use to absorb heat from the sun and retain it to warm the earth. Simulation of heat extraction capability of steam and CO2 were studied. It was observed at reservoir conditions (248 °F) that steam Mass heat capacity (2.433 KJ/kg °F) is higher than that of CO2 (1.088 KJ/kg °F). At 204. 8 °F mass heat capacity of CO2 is 1.1915KJ/kg OF and that of steam is 2.4058 KJ/kg °F. This implies that steam retains more heat than CO2. From the study at wellbore fluid temperature of 276.8 °F, and at a flow rate of 1300 lb/hr, the wellbore heat transfer from steam (0.158 mmbtu/day) is slightly higher than that of CO2 (0.105 mmbtu/day). CO2 conserves more heat than steam when used as a heat transfer fluid. The heat transfer capabilities of the mining fluids determine the production capability of the heat resources and the quantity of electricity generation. The study recommended CO2 deployment as heat mining fluid in the exploitation of heat in geothermal resources in Nigeria. This will reduce the greenhouse effect of CO2 in our environment while also encouraging rapid development and economic growth, more especially with the rising cost of energy from fossil. Availability of geothermal energy will increase the supply of electricity in Nigeria.

Genotoxic Response and Histological Alterations in Rat Lungs Exposed to Gasoline Generator Exhaust

The epileptic power supply in Nigeria has caused a surge in the production of energy from other sources, including gasoline generator sets. The air pollution caused by the exhaust from these engines has been implicated in a variety of metabolic disorders and diseases, including cancer. This study aims at understanding the genotoxic and histopathological effects of gasoline generator exhaust exposure on the DNA and lungs of adult male wistar rats. Forty- eight (48) adult wistar rats were divided into four categories, each with 12 rats. The control rats were not exposed to gasoline generator exhaust while the test groups were exposed at 2, 4, and 8-hour intervals for a duration of 4, 8, and, 12 weeks respectively. Animals were euthanized using cervical dislocation and blood samples were obtained for genotoxic analysis via cardiac puncture while the lungs were preserved for 72 hours in 10% neutral buffered formalin and further processed for histological studies. The Olive Tail Moment (OTM) of the exposed rats showed significant variation across the exposure time points when compared to the unexposed control, indicating that exposure to gasoline generator exhaust negatively impacts the DNA. Additionally, histological investigations also indicated some cytopathic characteristics, such as peribronchiolar and perivascular infiltration by inflammatory cells, congestion, and thickening of blood vessels. The findings of this study showed that exposure to gasoline generator exhaust induces genotoxic damage with the severity of the damage occurring in a time/exposure-dependent manner. Keywords: Air pollution; Nigeria; Gasoline; Generator; Genotoxicity.

Comparative study on the extraction strength of solvents on tar sand from Okitipupa, Ondo State

Tar sand, an aggregate of sand, clay, water and bitumen was sampled from Okitipupa area of Ondo State, Nigeria, extracted and optimized using n-hexane and toluene in a soxhlet extractor todetermine solvent effectiveness in extracting the bitumen content and their environmental effect. The experiment was carried out by heating the solvent at and above their boiling temperatures solely to get an optimum yield at a temperature and time of extraction of oil from the tar sand. The analysis gave an optimal yield of 9.07 % at 75oC in 4 h when n-hexane was used and an optimal yield of 21.27 % at 120oC in 4 h when toluene was used. A drastic change in colour was also notice in the sand residue to almost sandy soil nature when toluene was used as solvent compare to when n-hexane was used which shows a slight change from its blackish nature. The change in colour of the black tar sand is an indication of high extraction efficiency. Hence, owing to high demand for conventional oil supply in the country and the urgent need for an alternative source of oil, the bitumen extract can serve as an alternative source of unconventionaloil supply in Nigeria and feedstock in refineries.

Responses of Inflation to Fiscal Deficit and Money Supply in Nigeria

Responses of Inflation to Fiscal Deficit and Money Supply in Nigeria

Assessment of Off-Grid Power Plants in Nigeria: Location, Capacity, Performance and Current Status

The power sector in Nigeria still struggles with significant electricity challenges resulting from the unavailability of power supply and the unreliability of the conventional national grid. The total installed capacity of off-grid plants in Nigeria is approximately a meagre 52 MW, with a combination of 67 operational mini-grids and solar home systems across the country impacting only about one million households and around five million residents out of Nigeria’s population of over 200 million people. It has been reported that both urban and rural areas suffer the impact of power shortages and frequent blackouts. The unreliability of power supply in Nigeria has been identified as a significant problem affecting educational institutions in terms of productive learning, student residency and institutional operations, and also the overall operation of healthcare facilities as it limits access to quality healthcare services. The study examines the presence and potential of off-grid power solutions in Nigeria which present a more reliable approach to supplying electricity to users, as a deliberate response to the multiple and complex challenges in the Nigerian power systems to identify the present location, installed capacity, operational performance, and current status of off-grid power plants in Nigeria. The Geographic Information System and statistical approaches were employed. It was discovered that off-grid solutions are beginning to spread across the country on different scales. However, most rural areas in Nigeria still do not have access to electricity supply. The study encourages decentralized power generation in the country and emphasizes the need for the federal government through the Rural Electrification Agency (REA) to consider investing in off-grid solutions, particularly in the rural areas for socio-economic benefits.

Structure and labor use pattern among cocoa farmers in Ondo State, Nigeria

Human labour is about the only main source of labour available to smallholder farmers in Nigeria. Smallholder farmers contribute over 85% of domestic agricultural output in Nigeria, hence, human labour accounts for the domestic food supply in Nigeria. Therefore, the need to continue supplying food for the ever-growing Nigerian population anchors on human labour productivity. In Nigerian agriculture, hired labour is predominantly used. Human labour plays a very significant role in agricultural development, especially in developing countries where technological development is still very low. In view of the importance of labour in agricultural production, this study was designed to investigate the structure and use pattern of farm labour in the study area. The study was carried out in Ondo state, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used to collect data from 160 farmers. After sorting for missing data, 144 cocoa farmers’ data were used for analysis in this study. Seventy-five percent of the total
 respondents were above 50 years of age and about 25.01% of the total respondents were 50 years and below. The majority (79.17%) of the farmers were men. Also, 75.07% of the respondents had a formal level of education. In the study contract type of labour is majorly used for most activities in cocoa farming while cooperative labour was seldom used. Activities such as land clearing (75.0%), planting (83.32%), weeding (95.83%), application of chemicals (91.67%), removal of mistletoes (87.50%), harvesting of cocoa pods (87.50%), conveyance of cocoa pods to the pod breaking point (95.83%), breaking of cocoa pods (100%) and conveyance of cocoa beans to the point of fermentation (88.33%) were majorly carried out by contract labour. Male labour was mostly utilized for all the activities as indicated by most farmers. Female labour was sparingly utilized for some activities such as land clearing (8.33%), planting (0%), application of chemicals (8.33%), spraying of chemicals (4.17%), removal of mistletoes (0%) and harvesting of cocoa pods (12.5%). The study recommended that funds should be made available to farmers to engage in contract labour and also there should be the need to use equipment and machinery to reduce drudgery.

Impact of Monetary Policy on Economic Growth in Nigeria: 1985-2022

The study examined the impact of monetary policy on economic growth in Nigeria, using annual data spanning the period 1985 to 2022. One of the major objectives of monetary policy in Nigeria is economic growth but despite the various monetary efforts that have been adopted by the Central Bank of Nigeria over the years, inflation remains a major threat to Nigeria's economic growth. Despite the increased focus on monetary policy adoption in Nigeria, the country's economic growth remains an issue. High unemployment, low investment, high inflation, and an unstable foreign exchange rate are examples of such issues. These alleged issues are said to have contributed to Nigeria's rapid drop in economic growth. The objective of this paper is to examine the relationship between economic growth, exchange rate, inflation rate, interest rate, and money supply in Nigeria. In this regard, the study employed the Autoregressive-Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach and established a long-run relationship between economic growth and interest rate, inflation, exchange rate, and money supply. Specifically, the findings suggested that in the long run only interest rate has significant effects on economic growth while exchange rate, money supply, and interest rate have a positive relationship with the dependent variable, it was only the inflation rate that has a negative relationship with economic growth in Nigeria. Given the important role of interest rates in promoting economic growth, the study recommends that a significant decrease in interest rates will lead to an increase in the growth of the economy as the reduced interest rate will serve as bait for investors in the Nigerian economy.

Application of Bayesian Vector Autoregressive Models in the Analysis of Quasi Money and Money Supply: A Case Study of Nigeria

Aims: The aim of this study is to model the relationship between Nigerian quasi money and money supply using the Bayesian Vector Autoregressive (BVAR) model.
 Study design: The study collected and analyzed monthly data from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) money and credit statistics over an 8-year period (November 2015 to December 2022). The analysis utilized both Vector Autoregressive (VAR) Model and BVAR model to examine the dynamics between these variables and their implications for monetary policy.
 Methodology: The study employed the Bayesian Vector Autoregressive (BVAR) model to analyze the relationship between Nigerian quasi money and money supply. Monthly data from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) over an 8-year period was collected and subjected to both Vector Autoregressive (VAR) Model and BVAR model for analysis.
 Results: The findings indicated that there is no long-run relationship between Nigerian narrow money and quasi money, but quasi money does granger cause changes in narrow money, and vice versa. This suggests a multi-directional effect between the two variables. The BVAR model consistently outperformed the VAR model in terms of higher Adjusted-R² values, indicating its stronger ability to explain the variance in the data. The BVAR model provided a more robust and accurate representation of the relationship between these variables. The model exhibited stability and the absence of heteroscedasticity in the residuals, indicating a stable relationship between the variables. The impulse response function showed an immediate impact of changes in narrow money on the overall money supply in Nigeria.
 Conclusion: This study contributes to existing knowledge by empirically examining the relationship between Nigerian narrow money and quasi money and also concluded that there existed no co-integrating relationship between narrow money and quasi money, which has important implications for effective monetary policy strategies, particularly in Nigeria.

Biomass-to-power: Opportunities and challenges for Nigeria

Power is needed for the growth and development of any country. The Nigerian power sector continues to face tremendous challenges, especially in the areas of power generation and sustainability in the electricity value chain. Successive governments have carried out several reforms, but these problems persist. The major causes are tied to the lack of diversity in the country’s energy mix and over-dependence on non-renewable fossil fuels for power generation. With Nigeria’s growing power demand and the Federal Government’s commitment to renewable energy for reduced carbon emission, the potential of biomass in power generation can no longer be overlooked. Biomass is a renewable resource that is abundant in supply in Nigeria. Biomass resources can be obtained from multiple sources and has very low net carbon emission. Its immediate addition to Nigeria’s energy mix would aid the country in meeting its 2030 goal of increasing renewable power generation by 45% and reducing greenhouse emissions by 20%. This paper therefore studies the history of power generation in Nigeria and the challenges encountered so far. It then looks at biomass resources availability in the country, their viability as feedstocks for power generation, and biomass-to-power conversion processes. The challenges of this alternative power solution are identified and recommendations given. If these can be implemented, the biomass-to-power solution can significantly address the issues of low power generation and carbon emission. It would help improve energy security, environmental sustainability, circular economy, and economic opportunities for those in the biomass and power supply chain in Nigeria.

Recurrent diphtheria outbreaks in Nigeria: A review of the underlying factors and remedies.

The introduction of the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine into childhood immunization programs resulted in its widespread elimination in high-income countries. However, Nigeria is currently experiencing an outbreak. The primary cause of diphtheria outbreaks and its high mortality rates in Nigeria was waning herd immunity due to low DTP coverage and a lack of diphtheria antitoxin (DAT), respectively. However, the underlying causes of Nigeria's low DTP coverage and DAT supply remain unknown. Relevant studies and reports included in our review were obtained by a search through Google Scholar, PubMed, and organization websites using the terms "Diphtheria-Pertussis-Tetanus vaccine OR Diphtheria antitoxin and Nigeria OR Diphtheria Outbreak." All articles considering diphtheria outbreaks, DTP vaccine, and DAT supply in Nigeria were considered without time restriction due to the paucity of data. We used the narrative synthesis approach to critically appraise, analyze, and draw inferences from the selected articles. The main causes of low DTP coverage are insufficient supply, an inefficient cold chain system, and low uptake due to poor health literacy and negative sociocultural and religious beliefs, whereas the key barriers to DAT availability are insufficient production by pharmaceutical industries because of low demand and priority. The underlying causes of Nigeria's low DTP coverage and DAT supply are multifactorial. Both short-term and long-term measures are needed to control this outbreak and prevent future occurrences.

The impact of petrol subsidy removal on the adoption of solar power in Nigeria

For decades, the Nigerian government has subsidized the price of petrol, making it one of the lowest in the world. Historically, the country has relied significantly on petrol subsidies to make energy more affordable to its inhabitants. This policy, however, has imposed a significant budgetary burden, fostered smuggling and corruption, and discouraged investment in renewable energy sources. Additionally, it cuts down on the resources that governments may devote to achieving other development goals as well as sustainable development goals. With a growing global emphasis on renewable energy sources and the need to reduce carbon emissions, Nigeria faces the challenge of transitioning from its traditional reliance on fossil fuels to more sustainable alternatives. To determine the impact of petrol subsidy removal on the adoption of solar power in Nigeria, we present a cost analysis comparing the acquisition and operation of a 2.5 kVA solar PV system to that of a petrol generator of the same capacity. The cost analysis shows that the solar PV system is a more cost-effective and sustainable option for power generation than petrol generators, especially in the long term. The paper emphasised the need of harnessing Nigeria's tremendous solar potential and reducing carbon emissions through solar power adoption. The study also shed light on the potential benefits and challenges of promoting solar energy as a viable alternative to traditional electricity supply in Nigeria.

Geothermal prospective areas in the Northern sector of Bida Basin and environs, North-Central Nigeria

With the deteriorating electrical power supply in Nigeria, it is imperative that more alternative sources are explored. This research work is carried out to assess part of the Bida basin as a possible source of geothermal energy that will help to augment the electric power generation in the country. The study was carried out within the northern sector of the Bida Basin and environs and the area which lies between Longitudes 5000ʹ00ʺ – 7000ʹ00ʺ E and Latitudes 8030ʹ00ʺ – 10030ʹ00ʺ N. Sixteen (16) half degree high resolution aeromagnetic data in a block grid format was utilised for this research. To enhance data for interpretation the total magnetic intensity (TMI) map was subjected to regional-residual separation using Oasis Montaj (version 7.0.1) software. To minimize the effect of frequency noise caused by tiny structures near ground surface, the residual magnetic map was upward continued and further divided into sixteen square blocks with each block windowed and subjected to spectral analysis using Matlab (version R2010a) software. Surfer 11 surface mapping software was used for data contouring. Results obtained from the analysis revealed a Curie point depths ranges from 9 – 17 km over the study area, a geothermal gradient range from 32 – 65 0C km-1, and heat flow ranges from 83 – 163 mWm-2. From interpretation of heat flow map, the prospective areas with anomalous geothermal conditions recommended for geothermal exploitation are areas around Masamagu, Mokwa, Bokani, Lapai, Agaie and Agena.

ESTIMATION OF THE ELECTRIC POWER POTENTIAL OF HUMAN WASTE USING STUDENTS HOSTEL SOAK-AWAY PITS

With the growing demand for electric power supply in Nigeria, there is a need to look into all possible means of electricity generation especially renewable ones. It is an established fact that methane gas is a major product of the anaerobic digestion of human waste and the combustion of this gas can be used to generate electricity. This paper presents a carefully articulated approach to the technique of estimating the amount of electricity that can be generated from a specified amount of human waste. The analysis of the acquired data from a student’s hostel pit toilet at the Federal University of Technology, Owerri, shows that the available biomass waste in tonnes per day from the case study area is 3.66 tonnes and the biogas accruable bi-monthly is 154.76kg capable of running a 5KW biogas generator for six (6) days. Keywords: Key Words: Solid Waste, Human Waste, Bio-Gas and Electric Power