Supply Chain Transactions Research Articles

Integration and Optimization of Route Planning and Inventory Management in Supply Chain Transaction Systems: A Comprehensive Analysis

This comprehensive article analysis explores the integration and optimization of route planning and inventory management within supply chain transaction systems, examining their transformative impact across various industries. The article investigates the evolution of modern logistics operations, emphasizing the crucial role of advanced technologies, blockchain frameworks, and integrated systems in enhancing operational efficiency. Through a detailed examination of core components including algorithmic foundations, real-time tracking systems, demand forecasting mechanisms, and unified data architectures, this article presents a holistic view of contemporary supply chain optimization. The article analysis encompasses multiple sectors, including retail, e-commerce, and manufacturing, demonstrating how integrated systems have revolutionized traditional approaches to inventory management and route optimization. By exploring performance metrics, return on investment, and future trends, this article provides valuable insights into the implementation strategies and scalability considerations essential for modern supply chain systems. The article highlights the significance of cross-functional optimization and cloud-based solutions in achieving operational excellence while maintaining high levels of customer satisfaction and cost efficiency.

Does Supply Chain Transaction Volatility Affect Corporate Sustainability? Evidence from Corporate Tax Burden

The tax burden significantly influences corporate sustainability, making the study of the impact of supply chain transaction volatility on corporate tax burden crucial for alleviating tax pressures and promoting healthy corporate development. Using a sample of A-share listed companies in China from 2013 to 2019, we find the following: (1) Overall, supplier transaction volatility significantly increases corporate tax burden, while customer transaction volatility does not have an effect, a finding that remains robust under various tests for endogeneity. (2) Mechanism analysis reveals that supplier transaction volatility raises the level of corporate tax burden by increasing operational risk and relationship maintenance costs. (3) Further analysis indicates that the volatility of major supplier transactions exacerbates corporate income tax burdens, while the impact of customer transaction fluctuations on the tax burden is more pronounced for non-state-owned enterprises, and state-owned enterprises experience a suppressive effect on value-added tax from customer transaction volatility. This study clarifies the tax burden dynamics among supply chain firms, expands the literature on the determinants of corporate tax burdens and the economic consequences of transaction volatility, and provides insights for promoting corporate sustainability.

A Study on the Effect of Green Process Innovation of Korean Manufacturing Companies on Supply Chain Transaction Fairness and Export Competitiveness

A Study on the Effect of Green Process Innovation of Korean Manufacturing Companies on Supply Chain Transaction Fairness and Export Competitiveness

Shift-left in your fight against supply chain fraud

Supply chain operations rely upon various supply chain software systems, centred around the enterprise resource planning (ERP) system. Traditional and still widely utilised and relied-upon audit techniques have addressed the issue of finding problems — particularly fraud — typically too late after they have happened. Inasmuch as the ERP system is considered the business system of record, it may not be the system of origination for every supply chain transaction, meaning that fraud examination needs to look beyond the ERP system and notably before the ERP general ledger. The closer to a transaction’s point of origin the unusual behaviour can be detected, the sooner the outlier issue can be fixed, and ideally averted in the future with the right corrective actions taken then and there. This all helps to prevent the problem — the bad data, the offending transaction, and possibly the incorrect goods — from travelling through the supply chain and manifesting into something worse. Ramifications can include knock-on effects to data analysis, impacts to decisions, passing bad information to supply chain partners, conveying the wrong goods and material effects on financial statements. This paper presents a supply chain perspective that reveals just how much control an enterprise really does have over its supply chain transactions, showcases how reactive fraud discovery methodologies remain firmly in place, and offers a more proactive business model that leverages what most companies already have to improve internal controls and decrease incidences of fraud.

Leveraging advanced technologies in Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM) to mitigate healthcare disruptions: A comprehensive review

The Healthcare sector is undeniably one of the most critical sectors in any given economy and disruptions in this industry have dire consequences that affect patient care, the efficiency of healthcare systems and by far public health. This publication seeks to analyze and discuss the vital role of supply chain risk management in addressing disruptions, becoming resilient and ensuring that healthcare services function effectively. The pandemic (COVID-19) brought to fore just how critical it is to have a robust and agile system for supply chain risk management in healthcare, the sudden and unprecedented surge in demand for essential medical equipment like personal protective equipment (PPE) left millions of people at risk thereby jeopardizing their safety and health. This crisis echoed the urgent need for efficient and effective supply chain risk management strategies to mitigate such risks and ensure the availability of vital medical supplies. This review paper will be sharing different strategies and actionable tips to develop contingency plans, identify, reduce potential disruptions and recommended practices for risk management in the healthcare supply chain. This will highlight key areas such as inventory management and stockpiling, which focuses on maintaining safety stock levels to buffer against sudden disruptions, using advanced analytics to forecast demand and manage inventory levels. It will also examine risk assessment and identification by pinpointing potential attacks, threats, and vulnerabilities within the healthcare supply chain through thorough risk assessments. Additionally, it will cover supplier base diversification, emphasizing the importance of engaging multiple suppliers to reduce dependency on a single source and enhance supply chain resilience by balancing global and local suppliers to mitigate geographic disruption risks. Furthermore, it will explore the integration of technology, leveraging innovative solutions like blockchain for enhanced transparency, security, and traceability of supply chain transactions.

Managerial and Organizational Implications Arising from the Implementation of Blockchain Technology in Supply Chains: An AS-IS and To-Be Analysis

Purpose: The main objective of this research is to highlight the managerial and organizational implications for businesses resulting from the implementation of blockchain logic and technologies. The functionalities of blockchain technologies are compared with the traditional approach to supply chain management to emphasize the impact they can have on managing intra-supply chain relationships and the organizational structure of companies involved in supply channels. Design/methodology/approach: To conduct this study, a conceptual study was carried out, starting from an analysis of the main characteristics of blockchain technologies, to build an AS-IS scenario compared with the TO-BE scenario resulting from the implementation of these technologies within supply chains. To conduct this study, conceptual categories of the viable system approach and process management perspective were utilized. The conceptual analysis was performed using a matrix representation, which correlates material, informational, and financial flows with the dimensions of traceability, transparency, and efficiency, before and after the implementation of blockchains in managing supply chain transactions. Findings: The study highlighted how the principles underlying blockchain can lead to overcoming the traditional indispensable search for trust among supply chain operators. Therefore, through these results, it is possible to hypothesize an improvement in the resilience conditions of companies operating in block–supply chains. Originality/value: This study contributes to investigating the relationship between blockchain and operational consonance among operators in managing interorganizational processes to improve conditions of efficiency, traceability, and transparency, which are functional in the resilience of companies involved in the supply chain compared to the changing dynamics of the context. Research implications: Trustless logic in the implementation of blockchain technologies leads to the configuration of a new concept of trust, connected to the entire supply chain system, as a result of the improvement in the security, visibility, and efficiency conditions of transactions. The increased visibility and transparency developed in block–supply chains prompt all actors involved in the supply chains to rethink information management, given the reduction in informational asymmetries and, thus, the optimization of transaction costs.

Blockchain-Based Zero-Trust Supply Chain Security Integrated with Deep Reinforcement Learning for Inventory Optimization

Modern supply chain systems face significant challenges, including lack of transparency, inefficient inventory management, and vulnerability to disruptions and security threats. Traditional optimization methods often struggle to adapt to the complex and dynamic nature of these systems. This paper presents a novel blockchain-based zero-trust supply chain security framework integrated with deep reinforcement learning (SAC-rainbow) to address these challenges. The SAC-rainbow framework leverages the Soft Actor–Critic (SAC) algorithm with prioritized experience replay for inventory optimization and a blockchain-based zero-trust mechanism for secure supply chain management. The SAC-rainbow algorithm learns adaptive policies under demand uncertainty, while the blockchain architecture ensures secure, transparent, and traceable record-keeping and automated execution of supply chain transactions. An experiment using real-world supply chain data demonstrated the superior performance of the proposed framework in terms of reward maximization, inventory stability, and security metrics. The SAC-rainbow framework offers a promising solution for addressing the challenges of modern supply chains by leveraging blockchain, deep reinforcement learning, and zero-trust security principles. This research paves the way for developing secure, transparent, and efficient supply chain management systems in the face of growing complexity and security risks.

How does digital transformation promote supply chain diversification? From the perspective of supply chain transaction costs

Companies must implement digital transformation to achieve supply chain diversification with the current volatile economic conditions, which is crucial for their survival and as a fundamental measure to ensure industrial supply chain resilience and security. Based on A-listed companies, this paper systematically examines the impact of digital transformation on supply chain diversification, exploring the underlying mechanism of this effect from the transaction cost perspective. This paper reveals that digital transformation can significantly promote upstream suppliers, downstream customers, and the whole supply chain diversification. This impact operates mainly through the reduction effects of supply and demand coordination and inventory transportation costs.

The role of technology in supply chain risk management: Innovations and challenges in logistics

The review delves into the pivotal role of technology in revolutionizing supply chain risk management practices within the logistics sector. The paper explores the myriad of risks faced by modern supply chains, ranging from natural disasters and geopolitical tensions to cyber threats and disruptions in global trade patterns. It investigates how technological innovations such as blockchain, Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and predictive analytics are reshaping traditional risk management approaches by providing real-time visibility, data-driven insights, and proactive mitigation strategies. Through a comprehensive analysis, the study examines the transformative potential of these technologies in enhancing supply chain resilience, agility, and responsiveness to unforeseen disruptions. It highlights the benefits of leveraging blockchain technology for secure and transparent supply chain transactions, IoT sensors for real-time monitoring of goods in transit, AI algorithms for predictive risk modeling, and predictive analytics for identifying and mitigating potential disruptions before they escalate. Furthermore, the paper delves into the challenges and complexities associated with adopting and integrating these technologies into existing supply chain processes, including interoperability issues, data privacy concerns, and the need for specialized expertise. By providing practical insights, case studies, and best practices, the study aims to empower logistics professionals, policymakers, and industry stakeholders to harness the full potential of technology-driven solutions in managing supply chain risks effectively and ensuring business continuity in an increasingly uncertain and volatile global environment.

THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN SUPPLY CHAIN RISK MANAGEMENT: INNOVATIONS AND CHALLENGES IN LOGISTICS

The review delves into the pivotal role of technology in revolutionizing supply chain risk management practices within the logistics sector. The paper explores the myriad of risks faced by modern supply chains, ranging from natural disasters and geopolitical tensions to cyber threats and disruptions in global trade patterns. It investigates how technological innovations such as blockchain, Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and predictive analytics are reshaping traditional risk management approaches by providing real-time visibility, data-driven insights, and proactive mitigation strategies. Through a comprehensive analysis, the study examines the transformative potential of these technologies in enhancing supply chain resilience, agility, and responsiveness to unforeseen disruptions. It highlights the benefits of leveraging blockchain technology for secure and transparent supply chain transactions, IoT sensors for real-time monitoring of goods in transit, AI algorithms for predictive risk modeling, and predictive analytics for identifying and mitigating potential disruptions before they escalate. Furthermore, the paper delves into the challenges and complexities associated with adopting and integrating these technologies into existing supply chain processes, including interoperability issues, data privacy concerns, and the need for specialized expertise. By providing practical insights, case studies, and best practices, the study aims to empower logistics professionals, policymakers, and industry stakeholders to harness the full potential of technology-driven solutions in managing supply chain risks effectively and ensuring business continuity in an increasingly uncertain and volatile global environment.
 Keywords: Technology, Supply Chain, Risk Management, Innovations, Challenges, Logistics.

Emission Reduction Decisions in Blockchain-Enabled Low-Carbon Supply Chains under Different Power Structures

With the global climate problem becoming increasingly severe, governments have adopted policies to encourage enterprises to invest in low-carbon technologies. However, the opacity of the carbon emission reduction process leads to incomplete consumer trust in low-carbon products as well as higher supply chain transaction costs. Based on this, this paper constructs Stackelberg game models with and without blockchain under different power structures and compares the impact of these models on low-carbon emission reduction decisions. The results show that: (1) blockchain does not necessarily improve enterprise profits and can only help enterprises maintain optimal profits within a certain range when the carbon emission cost is low; (2) when consumers’ environmental awareness is high, the blockchain can incentivize manufacturers to enhance carbon emission reduction, and it has an obvious promotional effect on retailers’ profits; and (3) the profit gap between enterprises in the supply chain is larger under different power structures, and the implementation of blockchain can coordinate profit distribution and narrow the gap between enterprises. Compared with the manufacturer-dominated model, the emission reduction in products is maximized under the retailer-dominated model. Our study provides theoretical support for the government to regulate greenhouse gas emissions as well as for the optimization of enterprises’ decision-making supported by blockchain.

A Strategic Framework for Decarbonizing Supply Chain Transactions through Innovative Initiatives: SMART Goals – FAST Decisions – CLEAN Implementation

A Strategic Framework for Decarbonizing Supply Chain Transactions through Innovative Initiatives: SMART Goals – FAST Decisions – CLEAN Implementation

Blockchain Technology in Construction Supply Chain Management: Enhance Transaction Speed, Cost Effectiveness and Security

The traditional construction sector encountered obstacles that prevented it from developing, including knowledge asymmetry, complicated intermediary relationships, and high transaction costs. Blockchain technology offered a more effective, secure, and convenient mode of transaction and management to the construction industry because it was a decentralized, safe, and reliable information transmission and management tool. Blockchain technology could be applied to the construction industry's supply chain to achieve traceability and supervision, enhancing the transparency and dependability of transactions. At the same time, blockchain technology could be applied to the management of the construction supply chain to achieve rapid information sharing and verification, lowering transaction costs, and increasing transaction efficiency. However, the previous study on the use of blockchain technology in the building sector was still in its infancy and required more investigation and study. This study aimed to investigate how blockchain technology could be used in supply chain management for the construction sector to address present issues. The study's goals were to examine how blockchain technology could speed up transactions and improve supply chain management for the construction industry, as well as to examine how it could lower transaction costs and increase data sharing and information transparency. This study used a semi-structured interviewing technique for the purpose of gathering and analysing data. The researcher learned more about professionals and industry experts' thoughts and experiences with blockchain technology in construction supply chain management through in-person or remote interviews with them. The advancement of the construction industry's digital transformation and information upgrading reflected the significance of this study. This study would help the supply chain management in the construction sector in enhancing the effectiveness of supply chain transactions in the construction industry and reducing the transaction cycle; lowering the price of supply chain transactions in the construction industry and boosting the industry's competitiveness; strengthening the security and reliability of supply chain transactions in the construction industry and reducing data compromise and transaction risks.

Price competition in ride-sharing platforms: A duopoly supply chain perspective

A ride-sharing platform with a price-setting power mechanism exists in practice. However, it is unclear how supply chain transactions (ride price) and yields are affected due to a commission fee on ride-sharing platforms. To better understand, this study explores the impact of the service provider’s price-setting (Model S) and service enabler’s price-setting (Model E) power mechanism on supply chain profit under the influence of price competition in a sharing economy. We consider duopoly supply chains, wherein in one supply chain, a service provider delivers service through a service enabler, and in another, service providers offer direct customer service. Mathematical models are developed to analyze the difference in price-setting power mechanism effect, considering marketing efforts under different competitive scenarios. Results show that the supply chain profit is highest when the service provider sets the transaction price in Model S. Furthermore, when the commission fee exceeds a certain threshold (0.5), the total profit in Model E increases, but in Model S it decreases. In ride-sharing platforms, the service provider loses with a rise in commission fees, while the service enabler profits from it. The study contributes to the growing interest in the intricacies of sharing economy businesses.

Blockchain for Combating Pharmaceutical Drug Counterfeiting and Cold Chain Distribution

In recent years, pharmaceutical drug traceability systems have been developed as critical tools for improving the digital supply chain's transparency and visibility. Blockchain-based drug traceability proposes a promising solution to create a distributed shared data platform for an irreversible, trustworthy, reliable, and transparent system. This article provides a thorough analysis and summary of the current state of drug traceability distribution research on the blockchain platform by using Hyperledger febric and Hyperledger Besu methodologies. Blockchain based platform, Hyperledger Fabric and Besu meets essential needs for drug traceability such as privacy, dependability, transparency, security, authorization, authentication, and scalability. The Hyperledger Fabric blockchain platform executes drug transactions proficiently and securely in the supply chains within a distributed network of stakeholders. This fabric-enabled private, permissioned distributed network comprising various pharmaceutical stakeholder groups aids in the efficient and secure execution of medication in supply chain transactions. This study also examines the impact of blockchain technology in the healthcare system while exhibiting how some features of this disruptive technology have the potential to transform existing cold chain and drug traceability processes. Blockchain technology embraces significant benefits in the processes of pharmaceutical drug serialization, protecting IoT devices, and ensuring temper-proof transaction sharing. Blockchain is also a potential solution to make use of IoT-enabled vehicles and warehouses for cold chain transportation by using smart sensors to capture critical temperature data. Blockchain-enabled IoT sensors in the cold chain ensure the secure transportation of drugs to pharmaceutical stakeholders in the supply chain network.

Within firm supply chains: Evidence from India

There are competing theories on whether vertical ownership is motivated by the transfer of physical inputs or the transfer of intangibles. Using administrative data on the universe of goods shipments in Karnataka, India, we show that the supply of goods along the production chain is an important rationale for vertical integration. First, we develop and estimate a gravity model of input sourcing, and find that: (1) establishments have a strong preference for sourcing their physical inputs from suppliers within the same firm relative to other frictions such as distance and state borders, and (2) the share of within-firm trade would be near 2% absent this preference for internal suppliers. Next, we compare this to the data and find that 38% of products are sourced by establishments exclusively from within the firm when a vertically integrated supplier exists; an order of magnitude higher than our 2% benchmark. Finally, we validate that within-firm sourcing is associated with determinants of physical supply chain transaction costs such as product specificity and R&D investment.

Soft Power Effect on Long-Term Buyer-Seller Relationship: A Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach and Evidence from the Turkish Smartphone Sector

Soft Power Effect on Long-Term Buyer-Seller Relationship: A Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach and Evidence from the Turkish Smartphone Sector

Analysis of IoT and Blockchain Technology for Agricultural Food Supply Chain Transactions

The Block chain is a peer to peer, distributed ledger in which members must establish consensus to record every new input and transactions that are stored by all members. Over the last decade, block chain technology has grown in popularity, attracting interest from a wide range of industries, including finance, manufacturing, energy, and government sectors, health, and agriculture supply chains, land registrations, and digital identifications (IDs). Block chain facilitates better opportunities and benefits in agriculture, as well as building trust between farmers and consumers and allowing the creation of reliable food supply chains. The Chapter discusses how block chain and smart contracts can improve productivity, transparency, and traceability in agricultural insurance, smart farming, and agricultural food supply chain transactions (AFSC). By applying Block chain agri-food supply chain tracking was made easy and won the trust from different stakeholders, which was a real benefit to the real heroes of the country. The consumer can research the history of a product they are thinking about buying and consume food in their cart, learning about the entire process from planting to harvesting, transporting, and selling. Food fraud may be reduced by using the traceability and integrity of financial information to detect untrustworthy intermediaries and business practices that exploit both independent farmers and cooperatives. The agricultural industry will be transformed by block chain for supply chain management. All phases of the agriculture supply chain are being simplified, enhancing food safety and preventing the sale of counterfeit goods. Access to agricultural finance services for farmers and companies could also be facilitated by the technology. This Paper presents a review and research challenges on the existing block chain based IoT applications in the agriculture domain where maximum research focuses on food supply chain and its security of Internet of things with Block chain. The chapter presents how block chain and smart contracts can increase productivity, transparency and traceability could be very effective in Agricultural insurance, smart farming, transactions of agricultural food supply chains.

Construction of supply chain coordination and optimization model of fresh food e-commerce platform based on improved bacterial foraging algorithm

In order to maximize the overall profit of the supply chain of fresh food e-commerce platform, the supply chain coordination and optimization model of fresh food e-commerce platform based on the improved bacterial foraging algorithm is constructed. The basic model of bacterial foraging algorithm is constructed through chemotaxis, reproduction, elimination & dispersal, and the bacterial foraging algorithm is improved by using four parts: bacterial individual and parameter initialization, chemotaxis behavior, reproduction behavior and migration behavior, so as to realize the coordination and optimization of the supply chain of fresh food e-commerce platform. Use the Internet service platform to promote the electronization of the supply chain transaction process and improve the overall operation efficiency. Through the cooperation among fresh food suppliers, fresh food e-commerce and upstream fresh food suppliers, the supply chain coordination and optimization model of fresh food e-commerce platform is constructed to improve the overall profit of the supply chain. The experimental results show that using the improved bacterial foraging algorithm to solve the supply chain coordination and optimization model of fresh food e-commerce platform has high effectiveness, and can maximize the overall profit of the supply chain of fresh food e-commerce platform.

Scrutinizing the Manifestation of Relational Norms: A Study of Terminal Operating Company-Liner Shipping Agency Relations

Port relations with port users are essential for overall supply chain functioning, as the roles assigned to ports grow every day. While port supply chain transactions are generally conducted using contractual governance mechanisms, ports need to develop relational norms to keep their relations with port users at a high level, helping the ports realize their desired performance levels. This study aims to show the role of relational norms through the classification of domains they are manifested in. The goal of the classification is to unravel the specific domain of each norm in terminal operating company-liner shipping agency relations by exploring their occurrence and functioning. The data were gathered through interviews with professionals from terminal operating companies in Aliaga and liner shipping agencies that use at least one of these terminals. Study results show that the norms “flexibility” and “solidarity” are manifested as the financial and operational parts of the relation, while the norm “information sharing” is closely related to the effective use of information exchange platforms and the quality of exchanged information. The findings show how relational norms can add value to relationship performance in contract-based port supply chain relations.