The emergence of the Internet model has brought new challenges to the sustainable development of enterprise supply chain, and the evaluation of the stability of sustainable development capability is the key to ensure the effective implementation of the supply chain model. Build the evaluation index model of sustainable development capability, as the basis for obtaining the evaluation index, determine the stability evaluation index of sustainable development capability from three aspects of economy, society and ecological environment, and evaluate the stability of the sustainable development capability of the supply chain under the Internet model with the rank correlation coefficient. The official data collected from the China E-commerce Statistical Yearbook shows that before 2015, the stability of the supply chain sustainable development ability of e-commerce enterprises under the Internet mode was poor; From 2015 to 2021, the supply chain of e-commerce enterprises in the Internet mode has a good stability for sustainable development.