Supply Board Research Articles

ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY FOR DRINKING PURPOSE IN BARWALA TOWN AND ITS SURROUNDINGS, PANCHKULA DISTRICT, HARYANA, INDIA

Water is important for drinking, agriculture and industrial purposes. Water quality plays vital role in its utilization for different purposes. Water quality for drinking purpose should be as per BIS drinking water standards (IS 10500:2012). Barwala town in Panchkula district, Haryana, India has been selected in the present study for groundwater quality assessment for drinking purpose. In the study area six groundwater samples were collected in the month of June 2019 in plastic 250 ml bottles. Geo-coordinates of the sample locations noted with mobile GPS. Groundwater samples were analysed using Field Water Testing Kit prepared by Tamilnadu Water Supply and Drainage Board (TWAD) Chennai for ten chemical parameters-pH, hardness, chloride, fluoride, iron, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate and residual chlorine. In the study area pH ranges from7 to 8, hardness ranges from 150 mg/l to 400 mg/l, chloride ranges from 100 mg/l to 150 mg/l, fluoride ranges from 0.5 mg/l to 2 mg/l, iron ranges from 0 mg/l to 5.0 mg/l,ammonia ranges from 0.5 mg/l to 5.0 mg/l, nitrite ranges from 0.2 mg/l to 1 mg/l, nitrate ranges from 45 mg/l to 150 mg/l,phosphate ranges from 0.5 mg/l to 1.0 mg/l and residual chlorine ranges from 0 mg/l to 0.5 mg/l. In the study area groundwater quality is non-potable in five groundwater samples and potable in one groundwater sample. The study is highly useful for monitoring of groundwater quality for drinking purpose in the study area.

GROUNDWATER QUALITY STUDY FOR DRINKING PURPOSE IN PEHOWA BLOCK, KURUKSHETRA DISTRICT, HARYANA, INDIA

Water is prime requirement for living beings to live on the planet earth. In the modern developmental activities, agricultural practices, industrial purposes and need of drinking water for increasing population resources of fresh water are depleting fast and creating crisis of water availability per capita. Haryana is an agricultural dominant state with requirement of water whole year for irrigation purpose. Besides agriculture demand water is also used in industrial purpose as well as increasing drinking water requirement for increasing population in the state. In the present study groundwater quality in Pehowa block which covers 548 sq. km. area in Kurukshetra district of Haryana state, India have been studied for drinking purpose. Nine groundwater samples were collected from different parts of the block in double capped plastic bottles. Groundwater samples were analyzed using field water testing kit prepared by Tamil nadu Water Supply and Drainage Board, Chennai for twelve chemical parameters-pH, alkalinity, hardness, chloride, total dissolved solids, fluoride, iron, nitrite, nitrate, ammonia, phosphate and residual chlorine. Results of chemical analysis of groundwater samples shows that range of pH 7- 8, alkalinity 230-420 mg/l, hardness 100-280 mg/l, chloride 30-100 mg/l, total dissolved solids (TDS) 432-924 mg/l, fluoride 0.5 - 1.5 mg/l, iron nil in all groundwater samples, ammonia nil - 2 mg/l, nitrite 0.2- 0.5 mg/l, nitrate 45-75 mg/l, phosphate nil in all groundwater samples, and residual chlorine nil to 0.5 mg/l. The study shows that groundwater is non-potable at Bherian (nitrate 75 mg/l), Gumthala (nitrate 75 mg/l, ammonia 2 mg/l), Thana (nitrate 75 mg/l), Ramgarh (nitrate 75 mg/l), Mohanpur (nitrate 75 mg/l), Sarsa (nitrate 75mg/l), Tikri (ammonia 1 mg/l, residual chlorine 0.5 mg/l). Groundwater is potable in one groundwater sample taken at Bodha with respect of all the twelve chemical parameters of drinking water. The study is highly useful for monitoring groundwater quality for drinking purpose in the study area.

GROUNDWATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT FOR DRINKING PURPOSE IN BADHRA BLOCK, CHARKHI DADRI DISTRICT, HARYANA, INDIA

Water is important for survival of living beings and non-living developmental activities. In the present developmental scenario requirement of water is increasing very fast. In arid to semi-arid regions groundwater is very important for fulfilling the need of people. Badhra block is falling in Charkhi Dadri district of Haryana state, India. The climate of the block is semi-arid. Groundwater is the main source for drinking and irrigation purpose. In the study area ten groundwater samples were collected in the month of January, 2019. Groundwater samples were analyzed using field water testing kit prepared by Tamilnadu Water Supply and Drainage Board, Chennai for twelve chemical parameters-pH, alkalinity, hardness, chloride, total dissolved solids, fluoride, iron, nitrite, nitrate, ammonia, phosphate and residual chlorine. In the groundwater samples pH varies from 7 to 7.5, alkalinity 250-450 mg/l,hardness 70 - 580 mg/l,chloride 60-600 mg/l, total dissolved solids (TDS) 564-1704 mg/l, fluoride 0.5-3 mg/l, iron nil in all groundwater samples, ammonia nil to 1 mg/l, nitrite 0.2- 0.5 mg/l, nitrate 45-75mg/l, phosphate nil to 0.5 mg/l, residual chlorine nil in all ten groundwater samples. Groundwater is potable in one sample taken at Dalawas and non-potable in nine groundwater samples taken at Lad (fluoride 2 mg/l, ammonia 1mg/l, nitrate 75mg/l), Badhara (fluoride 3mg/l), Kari (nitrate 75mg/l), Sisrli (nitrate 75mg/l), Dandma (nitrate 75mg/l), Jeoli (nitrite 75 mg/l), Mandi (nitrate 75 mg/l), Rahrodi (nitrate 75mg/l), Dohka (nitrate 75mg/l). The study is highly useful for monitoring of groundwater quality for drinking purpose.

GROUNDWATER QUALITY STUDY IN INDUSTRIAL AREA OF PANCHKULA CITY, HARYANA, INDIA

Water is a natural gift of nature to the planet earth. About two third part of the earth is water, but the useable fresh water is very less generally present as groundwater and surface water. The developmental activities mainly industrial, domestic and agricultural practices are deteriorated the groundwater and surface water. In the present study groundwater quality mainly for drinking purpose in Industrial Area of Panchkula city, Haryana, India have been studied. Seven groundwater samples collected from different parts of the study area. Groundwater samples analysed using field water testing kit prepared by Tamilnadu Water Supply and Drainage Board, Chennai for twelve chemical parameters-pH, alkalinity, hardness, chloride, total dissolved solids (TDS), fluoride, iron, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate and residual chlorine. The chemical analysis results of groundwater samples shows that in the study area pH is 7 in all the seven groundwater samples, alkalinity 150 mg/l to 260 mg/l, hardness 30 mg/l to 350 mg/l, chloride 40 mg/l to 350 mg/l, total dissolved solids 384 mg/l to 804 mg/l, fluoride 0.5 mg/l to 1 mg/l, iron 0 mg/l to 0.3 mg/l, nitrite 0.2 mg/l in all the groundwater samples, nitrate 0 mg/l to 20 mg/l, phosphate and residual chlorine are absent in all the seven groundwater samples. The results shows that grundwater is desirable to permissible according to BIS drinking water standards. The study is highly useful for monitoring groundwater quality for drinking purpose in the study area.

Performance Evaluation of LoRa ES920LR 920 MHz on the Development Board

This study contains the LoRa ES920LR test on obstruction or resistance conditions and its comparison with Free Space Path Loss (FSPL) using Drone means without obstacles. The ES920LR has 920 MHz frequency channel settings, 125 kHz Bandwidth, and SF 7-12, with 13 dBm Output Power. Comes with Sleep mode operation with Command Prompt based settings. The development board used is a leafony board, Leafony board is a board with a small size that is compatible with Arduino IDE, using a micro ATmega M328P microcontroller, this board is mounted tiled with complete facilities, e.g., a power supply board, four different sensor boards, MCU boards, communication boards e.g., WiFi and Bluetooth, specifically in this article using the LoRa ES920LR on the Leafony board, using LoRa because it requires a long range (km) and low power, and expansion boards that can be developed, Expansion to Leafony boards is expected to reduce the power consumption of the sensor node, lifetime, lif, small size, and lightweight. Furthermore, this algorithm is used to optimize LoRa Coverage and LoRa Lifetime. The results of receiving the FSPL LoRa 920LR have a Power Receiver (Pr) of 30 dB at a distance of 1 meter or A, at 500 meters 85 dB, 1500 meters 95 dB, 2.5km 100 dB. Attenuation is caused by distance, although not significant, other factors are obstacles or obstacles, bad weather (rain, snow).

Numerical investigation on optimal arrangement of IC chips mounted on a SMPS board cooled under mixed convection

The paper aims to investigate numerically the mixed convection heat transfer characteristics from seven non-identical IC chips (Aluminium) mounted on a Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS) board (substrate) made by FR-4 (glass-reinforced epoxy laminate material). The objective is to determine the optimum configuration of these IC chips positioned at different locations on the substrate board. The optimum configuration is proposed by defining a non-dimensional geometric distance parameter (λ) and by employing a hybrid strategy (collaborating Artificial neural network (ANN) and Genetic algorithm (GA)). 3D, steady state numerical simulations are carried out using ANSYS Icepak to determine the temperature distribution of the IC chips. It has been confirmed that, the temperature of the IC chips strongly rely on their shape, size, and location on the substrate board. The hybrid optimization is the most robust technique to predict the arrangement of the IC chips on the substrate board more accurately, as compared to conventional methods.

Predicting Users’ Responses of Public Utility Services - Multivariate and Neural Network Analysis - A Case Study

This research addresses the problem of predicting the user’s responses through multivariate choice (MVC) and neural network (NN) frameworks for predicting quality, quantity and overall User satisfaction of public water supply organization, BWSSB (Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board) in Bangalore - India for policy initiatives. The MVC study identifies statistically significant factors that explain users’ loyalty to express satisfaction and voice to express dissatisfaction. The MVC model correctly predicts 85% of satisfied customers across satisfaction dimensions. Wald test on 1940 responses confirms that there exits cross equation correlation across quality, quantity and overall Users’ satisfaction dimensions and thus appropriateness of MVC framework over traditional logit for predicting the user responses. NN framework outperforms the econometric model with 94% correct classification of user responses. The study opens up potential research opportunities for applying the advanced analytical frameworks for predicting user responses in various public and private settings for Policy initiatives so that the service providers could improve their service delivery.

구조분할 해석기법 기반 전원보드 공통모드 노이즈 감쇠 설계

In this paper, we present a design technique for the suppression of common-mode(CM) noise in switched-mode power supply boards using the segmentation method. By applying the segmentation method, the example structure is decomposed into two segments with decoupling capacitors and a recombination matrix is extracted for the segments. The effects of the decoupling capacitor on CM noise suppression are examined. The simulation time is significantly reduced on using the segmentation method.

Sustainable Environment: Practices in Indian Space Research Organization - A Case Study

Objective: This paper illustrates the need for sustainable environment and various measures being implemented at ISRO, highlighting the investment and benefits derived out of such measures. Methods: ISRO being public organization is always committed towards environmental well-being. Some of the measures adopted in view of environmental sustainability are i) Use of Green building concepts, ii) Use of renewable energy, iii) Water conservation methods, iv) Recycling of wastes etc., Findings: Green buildings, though require an initial capital, helps in reducing the environmental impact and contributes in energy conservation by installation of occupancy sensors, VRV, IAQ, use of low-emitting materials etc., Water conservation initiatives provides an alternative source of water supply under the critical situation of short supply from water supply board and depleted yield of the bore wells. All these sustainable measures are practically installed and effectively used, which brings out many tangible and intangible benefits to the organization and surrounding environment. Improvements: As capital investment is less and benefits achieved are more, the above measures can be practiced in all kinds of buildings irrespective of their size and nature. Considering this, additional solar power plants, floating solar panels, harnessing wind energy, biogas plants are proposed to be implemented.

Comparison of economic and clinical outcomes between patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery with powered versus manual endoscopic surgical staplers

Aims: To compare economic and clinical outcomes between patients undergoing laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRY) or laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) with use of powered vs manual endoscopic surgical staplers.Materials and methods: Patients (aged ≥21 years) who underwent LRY or LSG during a hospital admission (January 1, 2012–September 30, 2015) were identified from the Premier Perspective Hospital Database. Use of powered vs manual staplers was identified from hospital administrative billing records. Multivariable analyses were used to compare the following outcomes between the powered and manual stapler groups, adjusting for patient and hospital characteristics and hospital-level clustering: hospital length of stay (LOS), total hospital costs, medical/surgical supply costs, room and board costs, operating room costs, operating room time, discharge status, bleeding/transfusion during the hospital admission, and 30, 60, and 90-day all-cause readmissions.Results: The powered and manual stapler groups comprised 9,851 patients (mean age = 44.6 years; 79.3% female) and 21,558 patients (mean age = 45.0 years; 78.0% female), respectively. In the multivariable analyses, adjusted mean hospital LOS was 2.1 days for both the powered and manual stapler groups (p = .981). Adjusted mean total hospital costs ($12,415 vs $13,547, p = .003), adjusted mean supply costs ($4,629 vs $5,217, p = .011), and adjusted mean operating room costs ($4,126 vs $4,413, p = .009) were significantly lower in the powered vs manual stapler group. The adjusted rate of bleeding and/or transfusion during the hospital admission (2.46% vs 3.22%, p = .025) was significantly lower in the powered vs manual stapler group. The adjusted rates of 30, 60, and 90-day all-cause readmissions were similar between the groups (all p > .05). Sub-analysis by manufacturer showed similar results.Limitations: This observational study cannot establish causal linkages.Conclusions: In this analysis of patients who underwent LRY or LSG, the use of powered staplers was associated with better economic outcomes, and a lower rate of bleeding/transfusion vs manual staplers in the real-world setting.

The Power of Smart Solutions: Knowledge, Citizenship, and the Datafication of Bangalore’s Water Supply

While plans to develop “smart cities” are gathering pace across the world, we know little about the ways in which the discourses of datafication, smartness, and big data play out in material contexts of urban development, including utility and resource management. In this paper, we explore this intersection in the case of Bangalore’s water supply, where IBM in alliance with the Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board (BWSSB) is implementing a water-flow sensor network and geographic database system under the label of “big data for water supply.” We illustrate how the BWSSB-IBM approach narrows down the complex field of water provision to a question of water in- and out-flow measurements and the monitoring of BWSSB ground personnel. In theoretical terms, we discuss the ways in which these processes constitute both particular claims to knowledge, and the redefinition of citizenship as consumption.

Assessment of Water Quality and Pollution of Porur, Chembarambakkam and Puzhal Lake

Lake water is the source of drinking and domestic use for the people residing in that area. The main goal of this study to assess fluoride quality of various lakes like porur, chembarambakkam, Puzhal Lake in chennai. For this samples are collected as single surface grab technique and analyzed for pH, turbidity, fluoride(as F), total dissolved solid (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), total alkalinity (TA), total hardness (TH), sulphate (as SO4), nitrate (as NO3), chloride (as CL), calcium (as Ca), magnesium (as Mg), sodium (as Na), iron (as Fe). About 500ml are collected from porur, chembarambakkam and puzhal lake in clean dry polythene container and labeled with information like data of collection, source and place. Water quality were analysed by the chief Analyst, state level water testing laboutatory, tamilnadu, tamilnadu Water Supply And Drainage Board (TWAD), Government of Tamilnadu, Chennai (ISO 9001-2000-CERTIFIED). It is evident that porur lake has relatively higher concentration of physico-chemical parameters compared to other lakes.

红外偏振成像系统高速处理模块设计

The high speed imaging processing module based on MWIR cooled 320256 detector, SDRAM memory and other function module circuit was designed for time-sharing type polarization imaging system. Processing module mainly included the driver board connected to detector, processing board with FPGA as its core, system power supply board. The algorithm of blind pixels compensation, nonuniformity correction, plateau histogram equalization and linear mapping were implemented, calibration parameters can be calculated online. Image processing module can realize the synchronization switch, integral time adjusted continuously, frame rate up to 200 fps, and output 320256 pixels high quality infrared image, meeting the requirement of the polarization imaging system to detect moving objects. Infrared polarization imaging experiments on plastic cups with groove were carried out, effective Stokes parameter images were extracted from the polarization images, and the significant polarization properties were observed. The processing module can be applied to the detection of space target, mine detection, maritime search and camouflage target detection.

Experimental studies on quality of desalinated water derived from single slope passive solar still

The influences of climatic, operational, and design parameters on the performance of different solar stills configurations have been examined by many experimental and numerical studies to grasp the best design. The prime factors studied were solar radiation, glass cover tilt angle, latitude angle, depth of water level, and addition of dyes with the saline water. In this paper, an attempt has been made to study the correlations of physical and chemical properties of saline water used and desalinated water obtained from the single slope passive solar still. Water samples were tested in water testing laboratory available at Tamilnadu Water Supply and Drainage (TWAD) board, Chepauk, Chennai, India. The data obtained from the water samples analysis were correlated and the relationship between the various physical and chemical properties with Total Dissolved Solids was obtained. The correlation obtained could be used to predict the unknown water sample physical and chemical properties under the specified conditions. The study also finds that there is an improvement in the water quality obtained from the solar still.

A Frequency-Selective CMOS IC-Based Pulse Generator for Recording and Imaging in the Auditory Cortex In Vivo

A Frequency-Selective CMOS IC-Based Pulse Generator for Recording and Imaging in the Auditory Cortex In Vivo

Mitigation of delays attributable to the contractors in the construction industry of Sri Lanka - consultants’perspective

This study focuses on determining important causes of construction delays attributable to contractors in large construction projects in Sri Lanka and the degree of severity of these causes. The causes of delay have been found based on the perceptions of the engineers working for three state affiliated establishments namely, Department of Buildings (BD) , Road Development Authority (RDA) & National Water Supply and Drainage Board (NWSDB) .The severity of each cause of delay is measured and represented through a severity index (SI). The causes of delay were determined and ranked in the descending order of severity. According to the findings, Poor project planning & scheduling (SI -82.54) is the most influencing factor causing delays in construction projects. In the descending order of severity, the other causes of delay are Low profit margin (SI -80.28), Inadequate cash flow management (SI -78.31), Handling of too many project sat a given time (SI -75.21), and Incompetence of the key staff (SI -74.93).Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used to determine the degree of agreement on the ranking of severity of causes of delay among the organisations. The highest degree of agreement is between BD & NWSDB (0.77). There exists an intermediate degree of agreement between RDA & NWSDB (0.73) and the lowest is between RDA & BD (0.70).The study finally makes 10 recommendations to mitigate construction delays. ENGINEER, Vol. 48, No.01, pp. 21-30, 2015

Fish die-off in the Attanagalu-Oya River, Sri Lanka: a provisional checklist of icthyofauna

Attanagalu Oya basin is situated between the two major river basins Kelani and Maha Oya in Western province of Sri Lanka and has an extent of 779 km2. It plays a major role in national water supply since it contains four major national water supply and drainage board intakes. This short communication intends to provide a recent report of fish die-off in the Attanagalu Oya and also include provisional checklist of icthyofaunal diversity in the area. The fish faunal data were collected from the catches of fishermen using cast nets, and hooks. In addition, fish in shallow areas were sampled by using small trawl nets and hand nets. Freshwater fish species were identified and classified by using published field guides and recent taxonomic research papers.

Towards a new domestic architecture: homes, kitchens and food in rural Ireland during the long 1950s

An understanding of food habits and rituals is deeply enriched by factoring in the impact of the spaces in which they take place. This study explores the effects on the domestic foodscape—the physical built environment of home including its contents—primarily during the 1950s, when rural Irish households were in the midst of transformations to the visual, material and spatial experiences of the kitchen brought on by new foods and/or technologies. The life-changing potential of this modernised environment was acknowledged by certain influential public agents such as the Electricity Supply Board of Ireland, the Irish Department of Agriculture, the Irish Countrywomen's Association, and the Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland, and they actively sought to ameliorate housing conditions in order to address quality-of-life issues, contribute to agricultural productivity and help to curb the flow of emigration. This modernisation strategy necessarily took into account certain proclivities in terms of food choices or preparation methods as well as wider cultural practices that were deeply embedded in Irish everyday life. Hence what emerges is a juxtaposition of the traditional, with new tastes, practices and expectations.

Strategic Decision Support for Resolving Conflict Existing in Per Aru basin located in Vavuniya district

The graph model for conflict resolution (GMCR), along with its associated decision support system GMCR II, is employed for systematically studying the strategic aspects of a conflict existing in Per Aru basin. National Water Supply & Drainage Board has planned to build a reservoir on the Per Aru for the sole purpose of supplying drinking water to the urban areas of Vavuniya district. People who will be affected due to the inundation of their lands have shown resistance to the construction of the reservoir. Moreover, government organizations such as Forest Department and Wildlife Department also have expressed their concerns over the construction of a reservoir since that will have diverse impacts on forest lands and wildlife in the area that will be inundated by the proposed reservoir. The above three stakeholders, viz., National Water Supply & Drainage Board, affected people and government organizations suggest a few options to solve the conflict.The options are specific actions that can actually occur in a conflict. The decision support system, GMCR II, was used to investigate and resolve this conflict. The paper presents all the steps involved in the modeling of the conflict using GMCR II and analysis of the results obtained from the model. The National Water Supply & Drainage Board accepting to reduce the inundation area and agreeing to release sufficient environmental flow was resulted as the best possible solution acceptable for all the three parties.The solution includes affected people and Government Organizations agreeing for the construction of the reservoir at the original location. ENGINEER, Vol. 47, No. 03, pp. 61-70, 2014

Low-Cost and Modularized Test Bench for Focal Plane Array

In this paper, a low-cost and modularized test bench for microbolometric focal plane array is proposed. Based on the analysis of driving microbolometric focal plane array, we have set up the simple test bench. The test bench consists of four major modules: optical part, driving sequence timer, power supply and signal processing board, and data analyzer. Each module in the test bench is reconfigurable and the driving sequence timer is programmable in system. The proposed test bench is low-cost and has been applied to practical microbolometric focal plane arrays in our laboratory.