Equipment Suppliers Research Articles

THE COMPANY STRATEGY IN IMPROVING THE WORK ENVIRONMENT TO MAXIMISE EMPLOYEES SATISFACTION AND PERFORMANCE

This research aims to reveal the strategies used by companies to improve the work environment with the aim of maximizing employee satisfaction and performance. Employee satisfaction and performance are two key factors that have a significant impact on a company's success and sustainability. This research uses a qualitative approach with case studies of several companies that have succeeded in improving the work environment and achieving high levels of employee satisfaction and performance. The research method will involve in-depth interviews with senior managers and employees who have relevant experience in these companies. The results of this research conducted by several companies operating in the heavy equipment supply business in West Jakarta reveal various strategies that have been used by successful companies to create a work environment that supports employee productivity and happiness. These findings provide valuable insights for company management to increase the job satisfaction and performance of their employees through improving the work environment and better efforts to meet employee needs and expectations. The implications of this research can also be used as a guide for other companies in their efforts to maximize employee potential through better human resource management strategies

Wearable Integrated Self‐Powered Electroluminescence Display Device Based on All‐In‐One MXene Electrode for Information Encryption

AbstractAnti‐counterfeiting and visual optical information encryption/decryption technology have attracted widespread attention in the field of information security. Luminescent encryption technologies still face a huge challenge in external high voltage power supply, complex architecture, and expensive decryption equipment, which hinder their broad applications. Herein, a wearable integrated self‐powered electroluminescent (EL) display device (W‐ELD) that consists of MXene/Silicone‐based triboelectric nanogenerator (MS‐TENG) and EL device based on a shared MXene electrode is developed for patterned display and information encryption. The W‐ELD features an all‐in‐one MXene electrode with excellent flexibility and high conductivity of 0.6 kΩ sq−1, which is shared by both MS‐TENG and EL devices. The MS‐TENG demonstrates excellent output performances (output power of 0.9 Wm−2) and high stability and durability (104 cycles), which can directly light up the flexible patterned EL device. More importantly, when dripping conductive electrolyte solution, the W‐ELD based on “中國”‐patterned MXene electrode can precisely reveal the encryption information through self‐powered EL emission for real‐time visualized information interaction. Consequently, the all‐in‐one MXene electrode‐based W‐ELD that integrates both MS‐TENG and EL device demonstrates exceptional patterned EL‐based information encryption features, which offers a potential prospect in wearable self‐powered optoelectronic devices, flexible displays, and encryption technology.

Factors Militating Against the Effective Execution of TET Fund Approved Projects in Northeast Zone Nigeria: Implication for Policy

The study examined the Factors Militating against the effective execution of Tet Fund approved Projects in Northeast Zone Nigeria: Implication for policy. The objectives of the study are to examine the efficiency of conduct and accessing of approved Tet fund projects on growth development in polytechnics in the Northeastern States and to examine the state of effective Administration of Polytechnics strategies in utilizing of Tet fund Grants in Northeast Zone. Data were collected from primary source and secondary source for the study. However, as a survey study the data for the research will be collected through questionnaire and interview, The research design used for this study is both quantitative and qualitative. The study area is Northeast zone, Nigeria. And the data collected will be analyzed using STATA statistical tools. Based on the findings it was found that the amount allocated to the polytechnics in the Northeast is not sufficient to cover staff request on training and development, execution of capital projects. The study recommends that Tet fund should review the amount allocated to each polytechnic to cover their request (training and development and capital project). Also, whenever funds are allocated to institutions and are not assessed, such funds should be roll over or reallocated in the next year budget, again TET Fund need to embark on periodic evaluation and supervision of projects it is supporting or funding in higher institutions in the region. This evaluation and supervision should not be restricted to capital projects alone. Projects on manpower development like academic staff training, conferences, workshops, engineering fabrications, supply of equipment among others should also be subjected to severe evaluation and supervision by TET Fund.

Revolutionizing Solar Energy Conversion: A Neural MPPT-Controlled Photovoltaic Regulator

This article presents the design of an innovative photovoltaic solar regulator equipped with a neural MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) control and an advanced battery charge and discharge management algorithm. The main objective of this research is to significantly improve the efficiency of solar energy conversion into electrical energy by optimizing the maximum power point and effectively regulating battery charging and discharging. The neural MPPT control represents a major advancement in the field of solar energy. Unlike conventional algorithms, this approach enables the regulator to adapt to environmental variations, such as fluctuations in sunlight. As a result, the regulator can constantly adjust the maximum power point, ensuring a high efficiency of the solar system. The battery charge and discharge management algorithm is a crucial element in the regulator's design. Effective battery management is essential to maintain a balance between solar energy supply and electrical equipment consumption. Through this algorithm, the battery is kept within optimal charge ranges, thereby avoiding overcharging or excessive discharging, which contributes to prolonging its lifespan. To evaluate the performance of the proposed photovoltaic solar regulator, detailed simulations were conducted using the Matlab/Simulink software. The obtained results confirmed a significant improvement in solar energy conversion efficiency. The combination of the neural MPPT control and the battery management algorithm allows the system to operate optimally, even under changing environmental conditions. The practical applications of this research are diverse. This enhanced solar regulator could be deployed in remote regions without access to the traditional power grid. It also provides an effective solution for rural or isolated areas where solar energy can be a viable energy source, but intelligent management is required to ensure stable electrical supply. In conclusion, this study presents a significant advancement in the field of photovoltaic solar energy, combining a novel neural MPPT control with an advanced battery management algorithm. The simulation results clearly demonstrate a substantial improvement in solar energy conversion efficiency and more efficient battery management. This regulator opens up new possibilities for the utilization of solar energy in various demanding environments, offering a promising solution for powering remote or off-grid areas.

Administrative coercion as the method for providing state defense order

Using the logical and semantic method the purpose of the research was to reveal the essence of administrative coercion as a method of ensuring the state defense order. In the results of the research the article defines administrative coercion as the method of ensuring the order of defense of the state in the system of legal and administrative measures to assert compliance with the duties and requirements related to the implementation of the studied institution. In terms of practical significance, it is established that administrative coercion is aimed at ensuring the smooth, efficient and operational functioning of the military-industrial complex and other important sectors providing production, supply and development of military equipment, as well as scientific research institutes and organizations engaged in the development of new technologies for defense needs. It is concluded that administrative coercion is an important and necessary method in the process of ensuring Ukraine’s security and defense capabilities, as it allows controlling the production and supply of strategically important goods and services.

Factors associated with adverse outcomes among patients hospitalized at a COVID-19 treatment center in Herat, Afghanistan.

Though many studies on COVID have been published to date, data on COVID-19 epidemiology, symptoms, risk factors and severity in low- and middle-income countries (LMICS), such as Afghanistan are sparse. To describe clinical characteristics, severity, and outcomes of patients hospitalized in the MSF COVID-19 treatment center (CTC) in Herat, Afghanistan and to assess risk factors associated with severe outcomes. 1113 patients were included in this observational study between June 2020 and April 2022. Descriptive analysis was performed on clinical characteristics, complications, and outcomes of patients. Univariate description by Cox regression to identify risk factors for an adverse outcome was performed. Adverse outcome was defined as death or transfer to a level 3 intensive care located at another health facility. Finally, factors identified were included in a multivariate Cox survival analysis. A total of 165 patients (14.8%) suffered from a severe disease course, with a median time of 6 days (interquartile range: 2-11 days) from admission to adverse outcome. In our multivariate model, we identified male gender, age over 50, high O2 flow administered during admission, lymphopenia, anemia and O2 saturation < = 93% during the first three days of admission as predictors for a severe disease course (p<0.05). Our analysis concluded in a relatively low rate of adverse outcomes of 14.8%. This is possibly related to the fact that the resources at an MSF-led facility are higher, in terms of human resources as well as supply of drugs and biomedical equipment, including oxygen therapy devices, compared to local hospitals. Predictors for severe disease outcomes were found to be comparable to other settings.

Design and Validation of Plate Earthing System for Equipment Earthing

Earthing system is an essential part of electrical installation as it helps in eliminating electrical shock hazards and also provide zero voltage reference point for the equipment. Design of an earthing system involves, measurement of soil resistivity of the proposed site for the electrode system installation &amp; determining the conductor type &amp; required number of earth electrodes in order to achieve earth resistance value. This paper describes the methodology followed in design and validation of a plate electrode earthing system for the equipment earthing in a new test laboratory, which had an earth resistance requirement of less than 1 Ohm as mandated by the equipment supplier. This will be helpful for personnel involved in the design of earthing system.

Distributionally robust optimal scheduling of integrated energy systems including hydrogen fuel cells considering uncertainties

The economic operation of the integrated energy system faces the problems of coupling between energy production and conversion equipment in the system and the imbalance of various energy demands. Therefore, taking system safety as the constraint and minimum economic cost as the objective function, including fuel cost, operation, and maintenance cost, this paper proposes the operation dispatching model of the integrated energy system based on hydrogen fuel cell (HFC), including HFC, photovoltaic, wind turbine, electric boiler, electric chiller, absorption chiller, electric energy storage, and thermal energy storage equipment. On this basis, a distributionally robust optimization (DRO) model is introduced to deal with the uncertainty of wind power and photovoltaic output. In the distributionally robust optimization model, Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence is used to construct an ambiguity set, which is mainly used to describe the prediction errors of renewable energy output. Finally, the DRO economic dispatching model of the HFC integrated energy system (HFC-IES) is established. Besides, based on the same load scenario, the economic benefits of hybrid energy storage equipment are discussed. The dispatching results show that, compared with the scenario of only electric energy storage and only thermal energy storage, the economic cost of the scenario of hybrid electric and thermal storage can be reduced by 3.92% and 7.55% respectively, and the use of energy supply equipment can be reduced, and the stability of the energy storage equipment can be improved.

The predictive management in campus heating system based on deep reinforcement learning and probabilistic heat demands forecasting

As a promising technology for replacing the rule-based decision-making in region heating systems (RHS), deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is a practical solution to identify the optimal control for heating equipment. However, as residential customers perform more casual energy-consumption behaviors, the intermittency and volatility of heat demands make managing heat supply and storage much harder for DRL agents. This study proposes a novel predictive management method for campus heating systems (CHS) with air-source heat pumps (AHP) and thermostatic water tanks. The novelty of the proposed method lies in the combination of the heat demands forecasting model and DRL-based adaptively controlling for heat supply equipment, which is firstly proposed to improve the heating supply reliability and reduce the storage dependence for CHS. Specifically, an enhanced rule, namely minimum length hamming encoding, and an input array constructing method is introduced to deal with discrete feature data and then improve the accuracy of deterministic heat demands forecasting based on long-short term memory (LSTM), and the Kernel density estimation (KDE) are employed to obtain the prediction intervals (PIs) from H-step ahead heat demands forecasting series. Followed by these, the twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient, a model-free DRL control algorithm, is adopted for adaptively adjusting the output flow rate of AHP and then the storage of the hot water tank. To demonstrate the validity of the proposed method, a case study is presented where a campus heat demands forecasting achieves a maximum accuracy gain of 4.52%, and an optimal AHP operating controlling determined from PIs achieves a better cost reduction and supply reliability, which is superior over the conventional method using real-time heat demands or deterministic forecasting results as input.

Analisis Stability Berdasarkan IMO Pada Kapal Crew Boat 40M

Crew Boat is a ship used to transport crews and supply food, water, and equipment to support offshore oil drilling activities. The crew boat 40 M was built at PT. FGH has a hull of 12 people and a passenger carrying capacity of 70 people. This ship also has 3 prime movers so that the ship can go at speeds of up to 25 knots. When the ship operates from the port to the oil drilling site carrying full passengers and other equipment that supports the oil drilling, it is expected that this Crew Boat ship is expected to be able to carry passengers and other equipment stably or not sway. So this research was conducted to determine the stability of the Crew Boat. Ship stability is obtained by modeling using the Maxsurf modeler to make a ship hull model and also using Maxsurf Stability with 3 different loadings. Obtained from the research results of the Crew Boat 40 M ship built at PT.FGH meets the modification criteria with IMO Intact Stability and the ship is suitable for use according to its function.

Accurate Modeling of CCS Combo Type 1 Cable and Its Communication Performance Analysis for High-Speed EV-EVSE Charging System

This paper addresses the issue of electromagnetic interference (EMI) in electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) charging cables, which can disrupt the communication signal for the real-time monitoring of the charging status, leading to the termination of charging. We propose a dedicated measurement jig for the Combined Charging System Combo Type 1 (CCS-CT1) cable structure and models its electrical characteristics of the jig using the impedance peeling technique for de-embedding. The obtained pure S-parameters of CCS-CT1 are then used to conduct a simulation of the signal integrity problem caused by Gaussian noise, which is the worst-case scenario that can occur in a typical charging system. This paper suggests that the root cause of this problem may be related to the high-power AC/DC conversion device included in the EVSE, which uses a switch-mode power conversion (SMPC) method that involves nonlinear operation and can result in increased harmonic noise and a more complex signal protocol for precise control. Finally, this study provides insights into the challenges of implementing high-speed charging systems and offers a solution for obtaining the accurate electromagnetic characteristics of charging cables.

Community-based newborn care intervention fidelity and its implementation drivers in South Wollo Zone, North-east Ethiopia.

Community-based newborn care (CBNC) has been implemented in Ethiopia across the maternal, neonatal, and child health continuum of care with the goal of lowering newborn mortality. However, neonatal mortality rate in Ethiopian is among the highest in the world. Why neonatal mortality remains high in the face of such effective interventions is the issue. As a result, the authors claim that it is unknown whether the planned intervention is carried out effectively or not. The purpose of this study was to investigate the fidelity of community-based newborn care intervention and its implementation drivers. Multicenter community-based mixed method study was employed on 898 postpartum women, 16 health extension workers (HEWs) and 10 health posts to evaluate CBNC intervention fidelity. Structured questionnaire and facility audit checklist was used to collect quantitative data. In-depth interview technique was used to explore lived experiences of HEWs on CBNC implementation. CBNC intervention fidelity was computed as a composite index of the product of program coverage, frequency and contents. Multilevel linear regression model with adjusted β-coefficients at P-value of 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to declare a significant relation between CBNC intervention fidelity and its implementation drivers. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was employed for qualitative data analysis. CBNC intervention fidelity was found to be 4.5% (95% CI: 3.6-5.4) with only two women received the intervention with full fidelity. The overall CBNC intervention coverage was 38.4% (95% CI: 35.2-41.6). Only 8.1% and 1.5% of women received all CBNC interventions with recommended frequency and content, respectively. HEWs knowledge of danger sign was significant facilitator while lack of: health center's feedback, related short-term training, health development army support, health center staff's technical assistance to HEWs and shortage of medical equipment supply were barriers for CBNC intervention fidelity. In conclusion the CBNC intervention fidelity was too low in this study. This indicates that CBNC intervention package was not implemented as envisioned implying an implementation gap. All implementation drivers were poorly implemented to result in improved fidelity and intervention outcomes.

Patterns of technological capability development in Iran's steel industry: An analysis based on windows of opportunity for technological learning

The concept of windows of opportunity is more focused on innovation development. Nevertheless, for accumulating capabilities and reduce gap with the advanced world, latecomers should use these windows of opportunity and technological learning strategies simultaneously. Based on this concept, Iran's steel can achieve innovation in some processes and there for, reviewing the experience of this industry can have lessons learned for other mineral industries as well. Using the mixed method (Case study and Multicriteria decision-making model), this research has tried to investigate and explain the opportunities for technological learning in institutional, demand, and technology dimensions. The Results showed that the government uses planning, investment, financing mechanisms, public procurement, and empowerment policies that open windows of opportunity to firms for learning technology and enhancing innovation capabilities. On the other hand, enhancing absorptive capacity through learning by doing, emergence and development of technical-engineering companies, suppliers of equipment and parts abilities, and Innovation through R&D efforts, buying technology licenses, join manufacturing the equipment with MNCs and suppliers were the most import of windows for technological learning. Result of the DEMATEL technique, not only describe the interrelationship between all windows of opportunity, but also it shows that smart and open relationship with the world which affects by sanctions is the most influential factor for technological learning.

Public sector rehabilitation services for physical disabilities in tertiary care hospitals of Karachi, Pakistan: A qualitative study

BackgroundAround the globe there are 2.4 billion people in need of rehabilitation. Disability and rehabilitation have not gained much importance in the public health arena, possibly due to limited research and awareness regarding the significance of rehabilitation. This study aimed to provide an in-depth understanding of the barriers and facilitators to the provision and utilization of rehabilitation services in public sector tertiary care hospitals of Karachi, Pakistan. MethodologyThis qualitative exploratory study was conducted from August to September 2015 in two tertiary care hospitals of Karachi. The criterion for hospital selection included the availability of functional rehabilitation services. Twenty-four key informant interviews were conducted with health professionals, including doctors, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, prosthetists, orthotists, as well as patients and caregivers. Qualitative content analysis was performed using a consensual qualitative research approach. Responses from key informant interviews were coded into free nodes and then categorized into themes. ResultsTwo themes emerged from the data: constraints to the provision of rehabilitation services, and barriers to the utilization of rehabilitation services. Basic infrastructure was available at both study sites; however, a lack of structured guidelines for referring patients to these services, a lack of information-sharing and guidance to the patients, and a limited supply of equipment (treatment modalities) hampered the provision of services. The barriers to rehabilitation services included cost pertaining to transport, environmental barriers, lack of support from the employer, and strain on and lack of support from caregivers. ConclusionRehabilitation services require attention and investment in research and allocation of funds to strengthen the service delivery system. Hospitals, alongside the department of health, need to develop a strategic plan to set future directions and standards of available rehabilitation services.

Research on Energy Efficiency Optimization Technology in Cellular Network

This paper analyzes the energy consumption of base stations involved in cellular networks, including main equipment, power supply equipment, environmental equipment and other auxiliary equipment, etc. On this basis, this paper discusses energy efficiency optimization techniques at several levels, such as base station deployment, components, and repair cotton. Under the current limited channel resources, it is inevitable to consider the balance between data services and voice services, and then to analyze the relevant indicators of network performance as a basis for the specific time.

Emergency Management of Medical Equipment in Designated Hospitals for Public Health Emergencies

Medical supply is a key resource for responding to public health emergencies and maintaining people's lives and health. As the medical equipment management department, the medical devices department is mainly responsible for the procurement, supply, technical support, management and coordination of medical equipment and medical consumables, playing an important role in epidemic prevention and control. Through the analysis of the expansion cases of designated hospitals, the experience of emergency management of medical equipment has been accumulated, which has strong practicability and replicability.

Exploring senior managers’ experiences preparedness to respond to COVID-19: a qualitative study in Iran

BackgroundEpidemics caused by emerging respiratory viruses are challenging for the health system of most societies, and preparedness of the health system in responding to such epidemics is important. Therefore, the aim of this study was identifying different fields and key issues of the senior managers’ experiences preparedness to respond to the COVID-19 epidemic from the Iranian senior managers’ point of view.MethodsThis is a qualitative descriptive study. Eighteen in-depth and semi-structured individual interviews were conducted for data collection. For this purpose, 18 senior managers with work experience in managing the COVID-19 crisis were enrolled in the study using purposive sampling. The collected data were analyzed according to Graneheim and Lundman’s approach.ResultsAnalysis of the data resulted in the emergence of five themes and twelve sub-themes. The main themes and sub-themes included: (1) capacity improvement consisting of performance improvement and logistic improvement; (2) resource and infrastructure management including supply and support of human resources, infrastructure improvement, and supply of equipment; (3) an increase in epidemiology capacity including epidemiology improvement and emerging disease surveillance; (4) application of the principles of disaster and emergency management including intra- and extra-organizational interaction management, disaster risk management, and data management; and (5) society resilience increase including improving adaptation skill and maintaining health and social participation.ConclusionThe results of this study present the key issues for the management of future emergency situations. Health system managers and policymakers in Iran and other countries should be aware of these key issues and apply them in practice to prepare the health systems to respond to next outbreaks. Indeed, the study results can help policymakers and health system managers to plan to achieve acceptable preparedness for the management of such outbreaks.

Nanotechnologies in catalytic processes of oil refining and petrochemistry: market analysis, existing experience and prospects

Purpose of research: is to consider the features of the use of nanotechnology in the catalytic processes of oil refining and petrochemistry.&#x0D; Subject of research: the possibility of increasing the efficiency of catalytic processes in production using nanoparticles.&#x0D; Object of research: nanotechnologies in catalytic processes of oil refining and petrochemistry of the Russian market.&#x0D; Methods of research: statistical and comparative analysis, an analytical review of research literature, both analytical materials of oil and gas industry research and the latest developments based on the results of conference publications were used; articles from online sources.&#x0D; Main results of research: the specific properties and effects of the use of nanocatalysts, compared with massive analogues, are described. The features of the organization of nanocatalytic processes are given. Nanotechnologies used at Russian oil refineries as part of the processes of catalytic cracking, catalytic reforming, and hydrotreating are analyzed. A general idea of the market of nanocatalysts, its volume, trends and prospects for further development is given. The problematic issues related to the use of nanotechnology, the supply of equipment from abroad, the peculiarities of the synthesis of nanoparticles are identified. The analysis carried out in the article allows us to draw conclusions about the strategic directions for the development of nanotechnologies in Russia. According to the results of the study, the shortcomings of the technology for the use of nanoparticles were also identified, these include large financial and time costs, the need to import certain types of equipment and technologies, lagging behind the most advanced countries in terms of the depth of oil refining.

Design and fabrication of biomass densification machine for teaching and research purposes

In developing nations, research output is limited due to factors like unreliable power supply and inadequate laboratory equipment. The high cost of purchasing completed laboratory equipment and the unavailability of accessories for imported equipment further contribute to this issue. A biomass densification machine was designed and constructed to address these challenges for teaching and research purposes. The machine was tested at five different compaction pressures (100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 kPa) using gelatinized cassava starch as a binder. The physical and mechanical characteristics of the produced fuel briquettes were investigated following ASTM standards and procedures reported in the literature. The results show that the physical and mechanical properties of the fuel briquettes increase with compaction pressure. The compressive strength, durability, and water resistance of the briquettes varied between 55 and 101 kN·m−2, 89–99%, and 20–120 min, respectively, while the compressed and relaxed densities range from 0.780 to 1.220 g·cm−3 and 0.670 to 0.990 g·cm−3, respectively. The machine performed satisfactorily because the briquettes’ characteristics were found to meet the specified ISO Standard (17225). The development of this machine will enable academic institutions, researchers, and students to harness the potential of biomass through the densification process without the challenges posed by imported equipment. The creation of the machine will also facilitate students’ hands-on learning. By providing an easily accessible and reliable platform, academic and research institutions can integrate biomass solid fuel production experiments into their curricula, fostering a thorough understanding of renewable energy solutions and supporting sustainable practices. Therefore, it can be recommended for teaching and research in developing nations. Incorporating an electronic component, such as a digital pressure gauge and electric hydraulic jack, is recommended for future research to enhance the performance.

The assessment of the effectiveness and safety of teduglutide in the treatment of children with chronic intestinal insufficiency. A systematic review

Chronic intestinal failure is a pathogenetic component in children with short bowel syndrome. Short bowel syndrome limits the patient's capacity to socialize fully, the bad prognosis of the child's physical and spiritual development, and the patient's family's organizational and material issues. The severity of the problem is aggravated by the limited prospects for surgical treatment of patients, including transplantology, the imperfection of the legal framework for health care, particularly in terms of parenteral nutrition at home, and the supply of expensive drugs, consumables, and equipment to children with short bowel syndrome under state guarantees. Developing an equivalent of glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), a drug teduglutide representing the endogenous intestinal growth factor and intestinal adaptation, created an additional therapeutic possibility for individuals with short bowel syndrome. There are no data in Russian academic literature on the efficacy and safety of teduglutide in pediatric practice.&#x0D; This study aims to conduct a systematic search and critical analysis of publications on the effectiveness and safety of using teduglutide in children with short bowel syndrome.&#x0D; Publications from the PubMed, Scopus, and eLibrary databases, as well as scientific journals, were examined from 2012 to 2022. The articles were reviewed in English and Russian. Seven hundred seventy publications on using teduglutide in experimental and clinical practice were found; 94 sources matched the keywords; and eight articles were selected according to the PRISMA criteria. The risks of confounding bias were assessed using the ROBINS-I tool. Most patients received the therapeutic impact of teduglutide, and 8.4%64.7% of patients achieved enteral autonomy. The drug's dose was 0.05 mg/kg/day. Without a therapeutic effect, the time limits for the inappropriate use of teduglutide ranged from 6 months to 1 yr. There is no causal relationship between taking teduglutide and undesirable reactions to treatment. The review of publications revealed an insufficient evidence foundation for the efficacy of teduglutide due to a lack of control groups in most studies, a small sample size, and errors in data methodology. Despite the encouraging preliminary results of individual studies, the problem of a shortage of randomized controlled tests of teduglutide remains.