Vitamin Supplementation Research Articles

The effects of age and other individual factors on radiation induced ESR signals from fingernails

Biodosimetry is crucial for assessing ionizing radiation exposure to guide medical responses. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy using fingernails can be effectively used for both occupational and public dose assessments in radiological accidents because of their accessibility and ability to retain stable radiation-induced free radicals. However, despite two decades of research, challenges remain in achieving accurate fingernail dosimetry, mainly owing to the variation in ESR signals among individuals. The purpose of this study was to explore inter-individual differences in ESR signals in fingernails to improve the accuracy and reliability of extremity dosimetry. Fingernail samples were collected from 15 participants (age: 11–64 years), irradiated with X-rays (160 kV, 6.3 mA) at 0, 5, 10, and 20 Gy, and measured using ESR spectroscopy. The effects of individual factors, such as age, sex, health condition, and lifestyle, on radiation-induced ESR signals (RIS) were investigated. Younger participants exhibited stronger RIS intensities and a more linear dose–response relationship. The RIS intensity in female samples tended to be higher than that in male samples. Interestingly, the fingernals of middle-aged donors who regularly took vitamin supplements showed significantly higher ESR signal intensities than those of similar-age donors who did not take supplements. Notable reductions in RIS intensity during storage in a freezer were observed only in older donor samples irradiated at higher doses. These findings underscores the importance of considering age and other individual factors in the calibration for fingernail dosimetry.

Impact of Nutritional Factors on Colorectal Cancer: Implication the molecular mechanisms of Vitamins Supplementation

Impact of Nutritional Factors on Colorectal Cancer: Implication the molecular mechanisms of Vitamins Supplementation

Vitamin Metabolism and Its Dependency on Genetic Variations Among Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review for Precision Nutrition Strategies

Background/Objectives: In recent years, there has been a growing interest in precision nutrition and its potential for disease prevention. Differences in individual responses to diet, especially among populations of different ancestry, have underlined the importance of understanding the effects of genetic variations on nutrient intake (nutrigenomics). Since humans generally cannot synthesize essential vitamins, the maintenance of healthy bodily functions depends on dietary vitamin intake. Understanding the differences in vitamin uptake and metabolism across diverse populations may allow for targeted treatment plans and improved overall health. We assessed the current scientific evidence on genetic variations (such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)) affecting vitamin metabolism in humans. Methods: A systematic literature review of primary studies on genetic variations associated with (personalized) nutrition was conducted. Using key terms related to personalized nutrition, nutrigenomics, SNPs, and genetic variations, three online databases were searched for studies published between 2007 and 2023 that included healthy adult subjects. Only results that were confirmed at least once were included. Study quality was assessed with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool. Results: Eighty-six articles were included in this review. Our analysis revealed associations with homocysteine metabolism and B Vitamins, Vitamin D, and components of Vitamin E. Genetic associations with Vitamin D, particularly with the GC gene, were extensively researched and linked to lower 25(OH)D concentrations, with sunlight exposure as a contributing factor. Most variants had a negative effect on homocysteine levels. Additionally, we observed general increases in carotenoid levels in the presence of SNPs, although more research on Selenium and Selenoprotein P concentrations is warranted. No studies on Vitamin C were obtained, indicating an area for further methodological improvement. Ancestry is believed to be a significant factor influencing SNP associations and significance. Conclusions: The current review emphasizes the importance of genetics in targeted disease prevention and health care. Our comprehensive findings may provide healthcare practitioners with reliable information to make recommendations in precision nutrition, specifically vitamin supplementation.

Approach to anaemia in gastrointestinal disease: A position paper by the ESPGHAN Gastroenterology Committee.

Anaemia is a frequent consequence of many gastrointestinal (GI) diseases in children and it can even be the initial presenting symptom of underlying chronic GI disease. The definition of anaemia is age and gender-dependent and it can be classified based on pathophysiology, red cell morphology, and clinical presentation. Although nutritional deficiencies, including GI malabsorption of nutrients and GI bleeding, play a major role, other pathophysiologic mechanisms seen in chronic GI diseases, whether inflammatory (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease) or not (e.g., coeliac disease and dysmotility), are causing anaemia. Drugs, such as proton pump inhibitors, mesalamine, methotrexate and sulfasalazine, are also a potential cause of anaemia. Not uncommonly, due to a combination of factors, such as iron deficiency and a chronic inflammatory state, the underlying pathophysiology may be difficult to decipher and a broad diagnostic work-up is required. The goal of treatment is correction of anaemia by supplementation of iron and vitamins. The first therapeutic step is to treat the underlying cause of anaemia including bleeding control, restoration of intestinal integrity and reduction of inflammatory burden. The route of iron and vitamin supplementation is guided by the severity of anaemia.

Molecular Mechanisms of Vitamin E in Ocular Neurodegenerative Disorders: An Update on the Emerging Evidence and Therapeutic Implications.

Vitamin E is renowned for its potent antioxidant properties, crucial for shielding cells against oxidative stress and damage. Deficiency in this vitamin can lead to various health issues, including neurodegenerative diseases, due to its pivotal role in preserving cell membrane integrity and combating cellular oxidative damage. While its importance for overall health, including neurodegeneration, is acknowledged, the specific correlation between vitamin E deficiency and distinct ocular neurodegenerative disorders need to be further explored. This review delves into the molecular mechanisms of vitamin E in ocular neurodegenerative disorders; diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and cataracts, and emphasising the therapeutic implications drawn from existing evidence. Relationship between vitamin E and ocular neurodegenerative disorders is widely researched on, with its primary protective mechanisms attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, studies on the supplementation of vitamin E among human subjects present mixed results, suggesting its complexities and variability depending on factors such as the specific disorder, disease stage, genetic differences, and form of vitamin E utilized. In conclusion, while vitamin E holds promise in mitigating ocular neurodegeneration through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, its supplementation's efficacy remains nuanced and context dependent. More research works are essential to elucidate its precise role and therapeutic potential in combating various ocular neurodegenerative disorders.

Update on Alternative Methods for the Management of Dysmenorrhea: A Narrative Review

Introduction: The term dysmenorrhea originates from the Greek words "dis" (difficult), "men" (month), and "rheo" (flow), which together mean "difficult menstrual flow." However, it is commonly used to refer to painful menstruation, a common gynecological issue that can affect women of reproductive age. This condition is characterized by intense abdominal and pelvic pain during menstruation, impacting women's daily activities.Objective: To update alternative methods for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea that improve the health and quality of life of women of childbearing age.Methods: A narrative review was conducted, initially considering 1574 scientific articles, applying inclusion and exclusion criteria to select 33 publications from the last 6 years. These publications were sourced from major databases such as PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, SciELO, and Google Scholar, focusing on alternative methods for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.Results: Ten articles were analyzed, presenting the main results on the effectiveness of exercises, massages, vitamin supplements, electrostimulation, and sleep changes to relieve menstrual pain.Conclusions: The review explores alternative methods to treat dysmenorrhea, highlighting the lack of protocols in Latin America and empirical studies in Ecuador. It analyzes non-pharmacological practices and emphasizes the importance of education in self-care and holistic approaches.

The Metabolic Treatabolome and Inborn Errors of Metabolism Knowledgebase therapy tool: Do not miss the opportunity to treat!

Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are rare genetic conditions with significant morbidity and mortality. Technological advances have increased therapeutic options, making it challenging to remain up to date. A centralized therapy knowledgebase is needed for early diagnosis and targeted treatment. This study aimed to identify all treatable IEMs through a scoping literature review, followed by data extraction and analysis according to the Treatabolome principles. Knowledge of treatable IEMs, therapeutic categories, efficacy, and evidence was integrated into the Inborn Errors of Metabolism Knowledgebase (IEMbase), an online database encompassing all IEMs. The study identified 275 treatable IEMs, 18% of all currently known 1564 IEMs, according to the International Classification of Inherited Metabolic Disorders. Disorders of fatty acid and ketone body metabolism had the highest treatability (67%), followed by disorders of vitamin and cofactor metabolism (60%), and disorders of lipoprotein metabolism (42%). The most common treatment strategies were pharmacological therapy (34%), nutritional therapy (34%), and vitamin and trace element supplementation (12%). Treatment effects were most commonly observed in nervous system abnormalities (34%), metabolism/homeostasis abnormalities (33%), and growth (7%). Predominant evidence sources included case reports with evidence levels 4 (48%) and 5 (12%), and individual cohort studies with evidence level 2b (12%). Our study generated the Metabolic Treatabolome 2024. IEMs are the largest group of monogenic disorders amenable to disease-modifying therapy. With drug repurposing efforts and advancements in gene therapies, this number will expand. IEMbase now provides up-to-date, comprehensive information on clinical and biochemical symptoms and therapeutic options, empowering patients, families, healthcare professionals, and researchers in improving patient outcomes.

Vitamin D3-VDR and vitamin A-RAR affect IL-13 and IFNγ secretion from human CD4+ T cells directly and indirectly via competition for their shared co-receptor RXR.

The effects of vitamin D and vitamin A in immune cells are mediated through the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and retinoic acid receptor (RAR), respectively. These receptors share the retinoid X receptor (RXR) co-factor for transcriptional regulation. We investigated the effects of active vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) and 9-cis retinoic acid (9cRA) on T helper (TH)1 and TH2 cytokines and transcription factors in primary human blood-derived CD4+ T cells. We aimed to address the discrepancies in this field, particularly regarding the effects of 9cRA and the vitamins in combination. 1,25(OH)2D3 upregulated IL-13 and suppressed IFNγ, while 9cRA had the opposite effects. This was largely independent of a TH1/TH2 phenotype shift. Combined vitamin supplementation produced intermediate cytokine levels, not only through transcriptional regulation by VDR-RXR and RAR-RXR but also through 1,25(OH)2D3 counteracting the effects of 9cRA on solely 9cRA-responsive genes. Similar results were observed in hereditary vitamin D-resistant rickets (HVDRR) patient T cells, where VDR cannot bind to DNA, indicating that RXR binding to either receptor can limit the other's activity. Additionally, we observed downregulated RAR upon 9cRA supplementation and its re-localization out of the nucleus upon 1,25(OH)2D3 supplementation, suggesting a mechanism of indirect regulation by VDR. VDR protein levels were also upregulated upon 9cRA supplementation, suggesting a novel negative feedback mechanism of 9cRA transcriptional activity, whereby 9cRA promotes its own competitor. This study sets the stage for future research into the combined immunomodulatory mechanisms of 1,25(OH)2D3 and 9cRA, involving both direct transcriptional regulation and indirect regulation via RXR competitive binding.

Case study on viral hepatitis

The majority of such hepatic failure in children worldwide is due to viral hepatitis. This is a case report of an 8-year-old male child who had symptoms like headache, abdominal pain, cough, jaundice, loss of appetite, and white stools. On examination and with routine laboratory tests, the hematological parameters were found to be within normal limits, while the diagnosis of viral hepatitis was established clinically and through ruling out other causes. The child was managed on the lines of supportive and symptomatic pharmacotherapy that included antibiotics, analgesics, ursodeoxycholic acid, vitamin supplementation, and herbal hepato -protective agents. He improved symptomatically through the treatment course and claimed gradual recovery. This case highlights the other end of recognizing and managing a pediatric patient with viral hepatitis early enough.

Pediatric Bell’s Palsy: Prognostic Factors, Management Strategy, and Treatment Outcomes

Background/Objectives: Bell’s palsy (BP) is a neurological disorder characterized by sudden unilateral peripheral facial paralysis. The etiology in children remains largely unknown, and standardized management strategies are lacking. The aim of this retrospective cohort study is to evaluate clinical features, laboratory markers, and therapeutic options associated with recovery to identify potential prognostic factors and validate therapeutic strategies, with a particular focus on the role of corticosteroids and vitamin supplementation. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 88 children (aged < 18 years) diagnosed with BP at a single tertiary care center between 2010 and 2023. Clinical data, including House–Brackmann (HB) scores, were collected at baseline and at a two-month follow-up. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the associations between demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters with recovery outcomes. Prednisone and vitamin supplementation were administered at the discretion of the treating pediatrician. Results: In total, 81.8% of patients achieved complete recovery at 2-month follow-up (HB grade 1). No significant associations were found between recovery and gender, age, side of paralysis, initial HB grade, or laboratory markers. However, the use of prednisone was associated with a higher rate of incomplete recovery (p = 0.024), with higher doses correlating with poorer outcomes (p = 0.022). Vitamin supplementation showed no significant impact. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that corticosteroid therapy may not be a disease-modifying factor that ultimately influences outcomes in pediatric BP. Further large-scale studies are needed to define evidence-based protocols for managing pediatric BP.

Prevalence of Self-Medication and Assessment of its Consequences on Health among Female University Students in Islamabad, Pakistan

Self-medication (SM) is the drug attainment and consumption without consulting a doctor/physician against a particular disease. This cross-sectional study assessed SM and its consequences among the female students of the International Islamic University Islamabad (IIUI), Pakistan. A total of 180 female students from different academic departments were selected on the basis of stratified random sampling technique and the collection of data on SM was done with a pre designed questionnaire. Findings displayed that the prevalence of SM among the female students of IIUI, Islamabad, Pakistan was 32.22 to 55.6%. The information source of medicines in students was 48.9 % from doctors/physicians and 33.9% from the internet. The disease conditions for which SM was adapted includes headache, flue, cough and cold in about 64.4% students and abdominal pain in 38.3% students. The most common medicines used for SM were pain killers for 49.4% students, vitamin supplements for 30.6% students and antibiotics for 16.7% students. About 46.1% students obtain medicines for SM from the medical stores and 33.3% obtain from hospitals pharmacy without doctors/physician’s prescription. Majority were using medicines for seasonal (40%) or viral (21.7%) infections or during accidental cases (26.1%). Overall, 68.88% students confirmed that they experienced adverse effects on health after SM. 74.35% students felt some common side effects, 67.16% experienced drug/medicine resistance against other diseases and 58.06% experienced poor immune system due to SM. In this regard, medication through regular consultations with doctors/physicians is necessary and the execution of proper policies on advertising, marketing and selling of medicines with precautionary measures is recommended to avoid adverse effects on health.

Vitamin D and LC-PUFA and the Presence of Fetal Heart Defects—A Further Part of a Case-Control Study

Introduction: The relationship between diet of mothers, including supplementation of vitamin D and Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (LC-PUFA), and the prevalence of congenital heart defects (CHD) in the fetus has not been sufficiently studied. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the intake of vitamin D and LC-PUFA by mother (from diet and with supplementation, including its time of implementation and applied dose), and the risk of CHD in the fetus. Methods: This was a case—control study with the participation of a total of 79 women with prenatally diagnosed CHD in the fetus and 121 women without CHD in the fetus. The Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used with particular emphasis on vitamin D and DHA supplementation. A univariate logistic regression model was used to evaluate the relationship between selected dietary data and the risk of CHD in the fetus. Results: In the group of females without CHD in the fetus, the mean values of vitamin D intake, including supplementation, and dietary LC-PUFA + DHA from supplementation, were higher than in women with CHD in the fetus (41.3 ± 24.7 vs. 34.7 ± 27.8 μg; p = 0.02 and 831.0 ± 280.1 vs. 767.7 ± 287.6 mg; p = 0.008, for vitamin D and LC-PUFA + DHA respectively). No significant relationship was found between vitamin D intake (including supplementation) or between LC-PUFA + DHA supplementation by pregnant women, and the presence of CHD in their children. Conclusions: It seems that increased maternal intake of vitamin D and LC-PUFA, including DHA, through supplementation, may protect fetus against CHD, but the relationship between the occurrence of CHD and diet in this area need further studies.

Photobiomodulation Therapy for Non-exudative Age-related Macular Degeneration.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a chronic condition that causes gradual central vision loss, most commonly in patients 50 years or older. This disease is commonly classified as either dry (non-exudative) or wet (exudative). Most patients with AMD have the non-exudative form, characterized by the presence of drusen in the macula. These patients can be further subclassified based on drusen size into early, intermediate, or late stages. The pathogenesis of this disease is quite complex and has been linked to genetic variations, dysfunction of normal retinal homeostasis, chronic inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Current treatment options for patients with intermediate dry AMD are limited to lifestyle modifications and vitamin supplementation. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBT) has been proposed as an additional therapy for this disease. Early animal and human studies have shown that PBT can alter many of the pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of AMD including improving mitochondrial function, decreasing inflammation, and promoting wound healing. Clinical trials investigating the use of PBT in patients with non-exudative AMD have shown promising results. Many of these trials showed improvement in both clinical (visual acuity and contrast sensitivity) as well as anatomic (drusen volume and area geographic atrophy) variables. Most, however, are limited by sample size, differences in treatment algorithm, and populations tested. Ongoing clinical trials aim to expand on this work with longer follow-up, larger sample sizes, and studying a global population. Further work is needed to determine ideal treatment algorithms and patient populations that may benefit the most from this technology.

Maternal multivitamin supplementation mitigates the risk of fetal congenital heart disease associated with high indoor total volatile organic compounds exposure in east china: a case-control study

BackgroundCongenital heart disease (CHD) is a common birth defect. Our previous studies suggest that indoor air pollution, especially total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), may increase fetal CHD risk, whereas vitamin and folic acid (FA) supplements in early pregnancy might offer protection against CHD. However, limited research has explored whether FA or multivitamin supplementation can mitigate the effects of TVOCs exposure on CHD.MethodsWe conducted a case-control study to investigate the association between maternal nutrient supplementation, household indoor air pollutant exposure during pregnancy, and CHD in offspring. Pregnant women with 22–30 gestational weeks were recruited from two hospitals in East China between January 2016 and March 2022. A comprehensive approach was used, incorporating questionnaires to collect nutrient supplement information, blood sample analysis to detect serum folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine (HCY) concentrations, and field investigations to assess indoor benzene, toluene, xylene, formaldehyde, and TVOCs exposures. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify CHD risk factors, and stratified analysis was used to evaluate the combined effects of nutrient supplementation and TVOCs on CHD.ResultsThe study included 53 cases and 77 controls. Logistic regression analysis identified high maternal serum HCY (> 6.125 µmol/L) and high household TVOCs exposure (> 0.0165 mg/m³) as risk factors for CHD in offspring, with adjusted odds ratios of 2.98 (95% CI: 1.31–6.36) and 9.23 (95% CI: 3.78–22.53), respectively. Regular multivitamin supplementation mitigated the risk of high TVOCs exposure on fetal CHD, while the adverse effect of high serum HCY-related CHD risk was attenuated in the group with regular FA supplementation.ConclusionExposure to high indoor TVOCs concentrations increases the risk of fetal CHD. Regular multivitamin supplementation may reduce the adverse effects of high TVOCs exposure on fetal CHD.

Evaluating the Impact of Multimodal Prehabilitation with High Protein Oral Nutritional Supplementation (HP ONS) with Beta-Hydroxy Beta-Methylbutyrate (HMB) on Sarcopenic Surgical Patients-Interim Analysis of the HEROS Study.

Multimodal prehabilitation programs, which may incorporate nutritional supplementation and exercise, have been developed to combat sarcopenia in surgical patients to enhance post-operative outcomes. However, the optimal regime remains unknown. The use of beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) has beneficial effects on muscle mass and strength. However, its effect on muscle quality in the perioperative setting has yet to be established. This study aims to explore the impact of a multimodal prehabilitation program using a bundle of care that includes high-protein oral nutritional supplementation (HP ONS) with HMB and resistance exercise on muscle quality and functional outcomes in sarcopenic surgical patients. Sarcopenic adult patients undergoing elective major gastrointestinal surgeries were recruited for this pilot interventional cohort study. They were enrolled in a 2-4-week multimodal prehabilitation program comprising resistance exercise, nutritional supplementation, vitamin supplementation, comorbid optimization and smoking cessation. Participants were provided three units of HP ONS with HMB per day pre-operatively. The primary outcome was changes in intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) as a proxy of muscle quality, assessed using Artificial Intelligence (AI)-aided ultrasonography. Secondary outcomes include changes in anthropometric measurements and functional characteristics. Outcomes were measured before prehabilitation, after prehabilitation and 1 month post-operatively. A total of 36 sarcopenic patients, with a median age of 71.5 years, were included in this study. There was an increase in the IMAT index after two weeks of prehabilitation (p = 0.032) to 1 month after surgery (p = 0.028). Among functional parameters, improvement was observed in gait speed (p = 0.01) after two weeks of prehabilitation, which returned to baseline post-operatively. The median length of hospital stay was 7 (range: 2-75) days. The increase in the IMAT index in a sarcopenic surgical cohort undergoing prehabilitation may be due to altered muscle metabolism in elderly sarcopenic patients. A prehabilitation regime in sarcopenic patients incorporating HP ONS with HMB and resistance exercise is feasible and is associated with increased gait speed.

Monitored Supplementation of Vitamin D in Preterm Infants. A Randomised Controlled Trial

Monitored Supplementation of Vitamin D in Preterm Infants. A Randomised Controlled Trial

Vitamins, Minerals and Phytonutrients as Modulators of Canine Immune Function: A Literature Review.

Trends in the pet food industry are driven by the humanization of pets, favoring the inclusion of functional ingredients or supplements that promote animal health. Several commercial diets claim to include supplements with benefits for dogs' immune function, but in vivo evidence that supports their efficacy remains limited. This literature review aimed to better understand the current knowledge on the effects of vitamins, minerals and phytonutrients on dogs' immune function. A total of 27 peer-reviewed articles were identified in PubMed and Web of Science databases. Although vitamin supplementation is often claimed to support immune function, only two studies promoting slight benefits of vitamins C and E were found. The limited research on minerals suggests that organic sources promote a better immune response. Studies evaluating the inclusion of different phytonutrients show that these compounds might exert immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Despite the increased popularity of commercial diets claimed to support the immune response of dogs, further research is needed in order to substantiate their effects. This knowledge will contribute to the development of effective diets to enhance immune health in dogs.

Nutritional management for institutionalized elderly people with sarcopenia: Integrative review

Objective: To identify the scientific evidence available on nutritional conducts to prevent the aggravation and treat institutionalized elderly people with sarcopenia. Methods: Integrative review conducted in the databases: LILACS, PUBMED, EBSCO and SciELO, from the descriptors: Diet Therapy; Elderly; Long-Stay Institution for the Elderly; Sarcopenia. The PICO strategy was used to develop the guiding question. Articles that answered the guiding question "what is the available evidence on nutritional management for institutionalized elderly people with sarcopenia to prevent the worsening and treatment of the disease" were included. Literature review: Six articles that responded to the theme were included in the integrative review. It was found that oral supplements plus high quality protein, vitamin D, Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCTs), beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyric acid (HMB) and leucine were nutritional interventions used to prevent the aggravation and treat sarcopenia in institutionalized elderly people. The practice of physical exercises was considered as an alternative intervention combined with nutritional conducts in order to improve results. Conclusion: Nutritional interventions of oral supplementation of high quality protein, vitamin D, TCMs, HMB and leucine may be beneficial to prevent the onset of sarcopenia and to treat institutionalized elderly people with sarcopenia.

Effects of Vitamin C and E Supplementation with High-Intensity Swimming on Bone Adaption in Mice

The importance of physical activity has grown in recent years, as seen by a rise in physical activity. High-intensity exercise can be harmful to bone health if not done correctly. This study investigates the effect of high-intensity exercise mixed with vitamin C and supplementation on bone cellular plasticity, with the goal of discovering new techniques to improve skeletal integrity. A study was performed on 28 female mice (Mus musculus) that were healthy, not pregnant, and were between 3 and 4 months. The mice weighed between 18 and 35 grams. The mice were allocated into four groups through a random process: a control group (CON), which did not receive any specific treatment; a group that received supplementation of vitamins C and E (VIT); a group that underwent high-intensity swimming exercise (EXC); and a combined treatment group that received both vitamin supplementation and high-intensity exercise (CBD). After a period of 28 days, femur bones were gathered for histological examination in order to quantify the amount of osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts, and cortex thickness. The EXC group had the fewest osteoblasts (25.86 ± 4.667) and osteocytes (26.86 ± 4.667), which suggests that the intense exercise caused a lot of bone breakdown. In contrast, the group that received both exercise and vitamin supplementation, known as the CBD group, had markedly larger numbers of osteoblasts (37.86 ± 3.635) and osteocytes (54.7 ± 7.154), while having the lowest count of osteoclasts (0.714 ± 0.184). The statistical analysis showed significant disparities in the number of osteocytes and osteoblasts between the EXC group and both the VIT and CBD groups (p<0.05). Intense activity in mice leads to an increase in bone resorption, which may negatively affect bone health. Supplementation with vitamins C and E has been shown to have a preventive effect by promoting bone formation. Additional investigation is necessary to examine the fundamental processes and lasting consequences.

Erosive potential of children’s chewable vitamin supplements: An in vitro investigation

Background. Chewable vitamins are dietary supplements in which vitamins are combined with a flavor that appeals to children. The acidic nature of some vitamins and some flavoring agents may cause dental erosion. We investigated the effect of children’s chewable vitamin supplements on the loss of minerals in teeth. Methods. Forty-two human tooth enamel samples were prepared and randomly assigned to seven groups (n=6). Six groups contained different chewable vitamin tablets dissolved in deionized water, and a control group contained only deionized water. Each tablet was ground before its dissolution, and its pH was measured. Each tooth sample was immersed in a vitamin solution and artificial saliva in periodic cycles for 14 days. Each sample was weighed before and after immersion to calculate its weight loss percentage. Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the morphology of the enamel surfaces. For statistical analysis, the weight loss percentages between groups were compared using Welch’s ANOVA, followed by post hoc Dunnett’s T3 analysis (P<0.05). Results. All the tested supplements were acidic, with a pH range of 2.99‒4.77. Most of the vitamin groups tested led to significant weight loss; it was greater for the vitamin C groups than the multivitamin groups. Scanning electron microscopy revealed erosion and destruction of enamel surfaces following vitamin exposure. Conclusion. All the chewable vitamin supplements were acidic, with the majority potentially eroding enamel. The erosive potential was less pronounced in vitamin supplements containing minerals.