Supplemental Doses Research Articles

Vitamin D insufficiency in infants with increased risk of developing type 1 diabetes: a secondary analysis of the POInT Study

BackgroundVitamin D insufficiency (VDI) may be a factor in the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D). The aim of this study is to investigate the presence and persistence of VDI...

Physiological effects of alfaxalone anesthesia on rhesus monkeys during intravenous glucose tolerance testing.

Laboratory animal research with nonhuman primates (NHPs) requires anesthesia for most procedures to ensure safety and consistency in sample collection. However, anesthesia drugs can have adverse effects on the physiological measures of interest. Alfaxalone, most notably used in dogs and cats, offers rapid onset, short duration of action, and has a high safety margin. Here, we compared our current anesthesia protocol using Telazol, to three different doses of alfaxalone during a one-hour intravenous glucose tolerance test, the standard evaluation of glucose metabolism in NHPs. Results indicate there are no differences in the rate of glucose metabolism, anesthesia depth measurements, or total duration of sedation, but induction, number of supplemental doses required, and recovery time to eating were affected by the different doses of alfaxalone. Cardiovascular measures showed variability between the four protocols in respiratory rate and systolic blood pressure rates only. These results indicate that alfaxalone can produce a reliable state of anesthesia, similar to our current protocol, and confers minimal cardiovascular or metabolic disturbance, as well as enhanced recovery characteristics. As such, alfaxalone is a promising anesthetic for use in laboratory animals and further investigation is warranted.

Efficacy and safety of fospropofol disodium sedation for same-day bidirectional endoscopy in elderly patients: protocol for a prospective, single-center, randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority trial.

Fospropofol disodium is a novel prodrug that has improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties when compared with propofol. This trial aims to compare the efficacy and safety of fospropofol versus propofol sedation for same-day bidirectional endoscopy in elderly patients. This is a prospective, single-center, double-blind, randomized, propofol-controlled, non-inferiority trial. A total of 256 patients aged 65years or older, who are scheduled for same-day bidirectional endoscopy under sedation, will be randomly allocated, in a 1:1 ratio, to either fospropofol group or propofol group (n = 128 in each group). All patients will receive analgesic pre-treatment with sufentanil 5μg. Two minutes later, an initial bolus dose of fospropofol 6.5mg/kg or 1.5mg/kg propofol and supplemental doses of fospropofol 1.6mg/kg or 0.5mg/kg propofol will be titrated as needed to achieve target sedation levels during the procedures. The primary outcome is the success rate of same-day bidirectional endoscopy. Secondary outcomes include the time to successful induction of sedation, duration, time to being fully alert, time to patient discharge, endoscopist satisfaction, patient satisfaction, and the top-up frequency and dosage of sedative medications. The safety endpoints consist of adverse events concerning cough reflex, gag reflexes, body movement, muscular tremor, and pain on injection. Sedation-related AEs, including episodes of desaturation, severe desaturation (SpO2 < 90%), hypotension, severe hypotension (decrease in MBP ≥30% of baseline), and bradycardia, will also be recorded. Data will be analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis. We hypothesize that the efficacy and safety of fospropofol sedation for elderly patients undergoing same-visit bidirectional endoscopy will not be inferior to that of propofol. Our findings will potentially provide a new sedation regimen for same-visit bidirectional endoscopy in elderly patients. clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT02875639.

Investigating serum concentration profiles of orally ingested short-chain fatty acid supplements.

Acetate, propionate, and butyrate are naturally-occurring short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) derived from bacterial metabolism of dietary fibre and have been associated with numerous positive health outcomes. All three acids have been shown to offer unique physiological and metabolic effects and, therefore, could be targeted for co-ingestion as part of a nutritional/medicinal plan. However, a better understanding of the outcomes of supplementing in combination on circulating concentration profiles is necessary to confirm uptake efficacy. This study sought to investigate the acute circulating concentration profiles of acetate, propionate, and butyrate following oral supplementation. Three experimental trials were conducted including investigations to understand the impact of capsule coating on circulating concentration profiles, the effect of supplementation dose on uptake kinetics, and the outcome of a short, repeated, supplementation routine on circulating levels. Serum samples were analysed for SCFA content using a quantitative GC-MS assay. It was observed that an acid-resistant coated capsule caused a delayed and blunted blood concentration response, with the non-acid resistant trial displaying earlier and more intense peak serum concentrations. For dose comparison investigations, all SCFAs peaked within 60 min and returned to baseline concentrations by 120 min post-supplementation. A graded dose relationship was present for propionate and butyrate when considering the total circulating exposure across a 240 min monitoring period. In addition, a one-week, twice-daily, repeated supplementation protocol resulted in no changes in basal serum SCFA concentrations. Overall, these data indicate that acetate, propionate, and butyrate display relatively similar circulating concentration profiles following oral co-ingestion, adding knowledge to help inform supplementation strategies for future outcomes where acute elevation of circulating SCFAs is desired.

Kinetics of IL-6, C-reactive Protein and Fibrinogen Levels in COVID-19 Outpatients Who Evolved to Hypoxemia.

Despite the efficacy of the COVID-19, the search for improvements in the management of severe/critical cases continues to be important. The aim is to demonstrate the kinetics of 4 serological markers in patients with COVID-19 who evolved in hypoxemia. From June to December 2020, the Health Secretariat of Rondônia State, Brazil, established a home medical care service team (HMCS) that provided clinical follow-up for health professionals and military personnel with COVID-19. The clinical and laboratory monitoring was individualized at home by a nursing and medical team. In addition to laboratory parameters, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), fibrinogen, and D-dimer levels were periodically taken to monitor the evolution of treatment. Of 218 patients telemonitored, 48 patients needed special care by the HMCS team due to shortness of breath. Chest tomography showed multiple ground-glass shadows and lung parenchymal condensations that was compatible with secondary bacterial infection associated with leukocytosis, for which antibiotics were prescribed. The symptoms were accompanied by increases of CRP and IL-6 levels followed by fibrinogen after a few days, for which an anticoagulant therapy was included. Thirty-three patients evolved to improvements in clinical signs and laboratory results. Between the sixth and eighth day of illness, 15 patients presented signs of hypoxemia with low O2 saturation accompanied with an increase in the respiratory rate, with some of them requiring oxygen therapy. As they did not present signs of clinical severity, but their laboratory markers showed an abrupt IL-6 peak that was higher than the increase in CRP and a new alteration in fibrinogen levels, they received a supplemental dose of anticoagulant and a high dose of corticosteroids, which resulted in clinical improvement. Our study demonstrates that monitoring of IL-6 and CRP may identify precocious hypoxemia in COVID-19 patients and prevented the progressive deterioration of the lung injury.

Osteoporosis for Rheumatologists: Latest Updates and Controversies

While many agents now exist for osteoporosis treatment, their clinical use is attenuated my questions about comparative effectiveness and safety. Calcium and Vitamin D are essential for optimal bone health and may have other health benefits but excessive supplemental doses, in the absence of deficiencies, may be deleterious. Greatest interest has been directed to rare occurrences of osteonecrosis of the jaw and atypical femoral fractures associated with bisphosphonates and denosumab. These potential adverse effects may be offset by selective use of a bisphosphonate “drug holiday”. On the other hand, denosumab discontinuation leads to rapid bone loss and a heightened risk of fracture, necessitating an “exit strategy.” Teriparatide may have comparatively greater efficacy than other drugs in high risk patients. Romosozumab, while highly efficacious in comparator studies with bisphosphonates, has shown a controversial increase in cardiovascular adverse outcomes. Data is emerging on novel osteoanabolics and their regulatory approval will be aided by surrogate endpoints. Using incidental CT scans and other newer technologies will help detect more at risk patients sooner. Despite the potential for mostly rare adverse effects, for the vast majority of patients the benefits of osteoporosis therapy far outweigh their risks.

Folic acid supplementation and its effects on the oestrus cycle of rats.

Objective: To study the effects of long-term supplemental dose of Folic acid on the oestrous cycle of female Sprague Dawley rats. Study Design: Laboratory-based Experimental study. Setting: Department of Anatomy, CMH Multan Institute of Medical Sciences in Pakistan conducted this research. Period: September 2020 to September 2021. Material &amp; Methods: In this study, 60 female Sprague Dawley rats were used and divided into two groups. The animals of control group A were given distilled water (1ml/100g) by oral gavage daily for four weeks. Folic acid was administered orally to the experimental group B once per day at a dosage of 0.2mg/kg of body weight, diluted in 100 grams of pure distilled water. A vaginal smear was taken every day between 11 am and 12 pm daily for four weeks and the slides were stained with Papanicolaou's stain. SPSS version 26 was used for data entry and analysis. Results: In experimental group B, the animals had an abnormal oestrus cycle. A statistically significant p-value of 0.000 was obtained after comparison between the groups. Conclusion: The current study showed that long-term supplemental dose of Folic Acid leads to prolongation of oestrous cycle of Sprague Dawley rats.

Vitamin D supplementation improves foot ulcers among diabetic patients: Pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials

Serum vitamin D level is associated with the development of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), and it is intriguing to determine if the vitamin supplementation could reverse the diabetic complication. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in DFU management through qualitative and quantitative systematic review. A systematic search was conducted to screen the records identified in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Scillit, Sci-Finder, LILACS, EuropePMC, medRxiv, bioRvix, Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, and Garuda databases as of 10 March 2023. Studies investigating the efficacy of a single dose supplementation of vitamin D in DFU management were included. Quality of the included studies was appraised by Cochrane ‘Risk of Bias’ 2.0. Random-effects-based pooled analysis using Cohen’s d was performed on the wound healing progress as the primary outcome. A sensitivity test with leave-one-out method and meta-regression were also conducted to analyze the effect of heterogenous data. Five studies with a total of 245 patients (123 versus 122 for experimental and control groups, respectively) were finally included in the qualitative and quantitative analysis. The pooled estimate suggested that administering vitamin D to DFU patients could reduce the wound area or depth significantly as compared to control group (p&lt;0.001; Cohen’s d: 2.72; 95% CI: 1.02 to 4.42). The value remained positive throughout the leave-one-out analysis. Vitamin D supplementation significantly contributed to the increased level of serum vitamin D (p=0.026, Cohen’s d: -0.719; 95% CI: -1.35 to -0.09). Elevation of high-density lipoprotein was observed in pooled estimate with p=0.016 and Cohen’d: 1.34 (95% CI: 0.25 to 2.44). Qualitatively, significant reduction of HbA1C, total cholesterol, and C-reactive protein were reported in at least two trials. Significantly improved quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and decreased malondialdehyde, fructosamine, and fasting blood glucose were reported in at least one trial each. There were conflicting results on the change of low-density lipoprotein level. This study highlights that vitamin D supplementation promotes wound healing process among DFU patients; however, it is too premature to draw solid conclusions as the efficacy could be affected by multiple factors. Therefore, clinical trials from various demographics and ethnicities by using a high- versus low-dose model are needed.

Optimal vitamin D supplement dosage for improving insulin resistance in children and adolescents with overweight/obesity: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

We conducted a network meta-analysis which aims to evaluate the comparative efficacy of different supplementation dosages of vitamin D on cardiometabolic and bone-metabolic indicators as well as insulin resistance in children and adolescents with overweight/obesity. Eligible studies published before December 10, 2022 were retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Mean difference and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to express pooled estimates. Network meta-analysis of multiple doses, including low (< 1000IU/day, LDS), medium (1000-2000IU/day, MDS), high (2000-4000IU/day, HDS), and extremely high (> 4000IU/day, EHDS) dosage strategy, was conducted using STATA/MP 14.0. Our network meta-analysis of 15 RCTs suggested that, compared with placebo and LDS, EHDS was increased 25-(OH)-D, with a pooled MD of 8.65 (95% CI 4.72-12.58) and 7.66 (95% CI 0.91-14.41), respectively. Meanwhile, EHDS also decreased ho meostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (MD: -0.74; 95% CI: -1.45 to -0.04) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (MD: -18.99; 95% CI -21.60 to -16.38), and EHDS was also better than LDS (MD: -18.47; 95% CI -20.66 to -16.28) and MDS (MD: -19.69; 95% CI -22.17 to -17.21) in decreasing CRP. Ranking probability suggested that EHDS ranked best for increasing 25-(OH)-D, and decreasing HOMA-IR and CRP, with a probability of 86.1%, 83.1%, and 76.6%, respectively. The results of our network meta-analysis suggest that EHDS may be the best strategy for vitamin D supplementation to reduce inflammatory responses as well as improve insulin resistance in children and adolescents with overweight/obesity. CRD42023387775.

Effects of different doses of branched-chain amino acid supplementation on recovery following acute eccentric exercise

This study investigated the effect of different amounts of Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAA) supplementation on recovery from eccentric exercise. Nine healthy male subjects undertook 4 trials in a randomized crossover design. Participants ingested either a three different amount (2g, 10g, and 20g) of BCAA supplement or placebo before the eccentric exercise. Muscle pain, hunger, vertical jump, balance, and sprint performance were measured before exercise, immediately after exercise, 1, 24, and 48 h. after exercise. All the variables were checked regarding their normal distribution using the Shapiro-Wilk test and data were presented as means ±SD. A repeated-measure, two factor ANOVA was used to examine differences between the four trials over time for balance, speed, vertical jump, hunger, and muscle pain change. No differences were found at baseline values for balance, velocity, vertical jump, hunger, and muscle pain for four trials (p &gt; 0.05). While the main effect of time was statistically significant for balance, speed, vertical jump, hunger, and muscle pain (p

Factors Influencing Folic Acid and Iron Supplement Use Among Pregnant Women at Hoima Regional Referral Hospital in Uganda

The study sought to assess adherence levels to Folic Acid and Iron supplementation among expectant women attending antenatal care at Hoima Regional Referral Hospital. Findings revealed a 58.8% adherence rate among pregnant mothers. Among adherents, the majority were younger than 30, Christians, rural residents, cohabiting, had primary education, and were homemakers. Notably, only a minority were experiencing their first pregnancy. Regarding awareness and advice, a significant percentage knew about the preventive benefits of Iron-folic acid supplements against anemia, had received advice on supplementation benefits and the necessity of not missing doses. However, awareness about the specific benefits, dosage, and sources of folic acid and iron was limited. While most attended early ANC visits, only a fraction knew about folic acid benefits and sources, the correct dosage, or foods containing folic acid. Additionally, just over half met the recommended ANC visit frequency. Factors influencing adherence were largely tied to demographics such as age, religion, residence, partnership status, education, and employment, alongside knowledge gaps about supplementation benefits and dosages. Conversely, behaviors like alcohol intake, late or infrequent ANC attendance, and negative experiences during ANC acted as barriers to adherence. Keywords: Pregnancy, Anaemia, Antenatal Care, Folic acid, Iron supplementation.

Результати оцінки безпечності для споживачів добавки дієтичної «Тайро Ультра», створеної для підтримки нормальної функції щитоподібної залози

In recent years, Ukraine has seen an increase in consumer interest in dietary supplements made on the basis of traditional Ayurvedic recipes and containing natural organic-mineral complexes. Monitoring their safety for consumer’s health is an urgent task of modern preventive medicine. Aim. Generalization of the results of a comprehensive sanitary and hygienic assessment of the safety for consumers the dietary supplement «Tyro Ultra», created to support the normal function of the thyroid gland. Materials and Мethods. Residual concentrations of pesticides were estimated by the methods of ultra-high-performance highspeed mass spectrometric liquid chromatography with electron spray ionization (Waters, USA) and gas chromatography; the content of heavy metals – by the atomic emission method (Shimadsu ICPE - 9820); content of radionuclides – by spectrometry; investigated microbiological indicators. Results. It has been established that the dietary supplement «Tyro Ultra» meets the requirements of Ukrainian legislation; its chemical and microbiological composition does not pose a threat to the health of consumers, provided that the method and dosage of the dietary supplement are in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. According to the review of scientific sources, the components of the «Tyro Ultra» formulation have the potential to normalize metabolism, optimize the chemical composition of the diet, and create optimal dietary conditions to support the normal functioning of the thyroid gland. Conclusions. Assessing the safety of traditional Ayurvedic formulations is an important and at the same time difficult task due to their multi-component composition. Further studies of products made on the basis of traditional recipes will contribute to the expansion of our imagination about means that have the potential of targeted influence on the level of adaptation capabilities of the human body in conditions of negative impact on the environment. Keywords: dietary supplements, sanitary and hygienic assessment, thyroid gland.

Low-dose daily folic acid (400 μg) supplementation does not affect regulation of folate transporters found present throughout the terminal ileum and colon of humans: a randomized clinical trial

BackgroundFolic acid supplementation during the periconceptional period reduces the risk of neural tube defects in infants, but concern over chronic folic acid exposure remains. An improved understanding of folate absorption may clarify potential risks. Folate transporters have been characterized in the small intestine, but less so in the colon of healthy, free-living humans. The impact of folic acid fortification or supplementation on regulation of these transporters along the intestinal tract is unknown. ObjectiveThe objective was to characterize expression of folate transporters/receptor (FT/R) and folate hydrolase, glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII), from the terminal ileum and throughout the colon of adults and assess the impact of supplemental folic acid. MethodsIn this 16-wk open-labeled randomized clinical trial, adults consumed a low folic acid-containing diet, a folate-free multivitamin, and either a 400 μg folic acid supplement or no folic acid supplement. Dietary intakes and blood were assessed at baseline, 8 wk, and 16 wk (time of colonoscopy). Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and protein expression of FT/R and GCPII were assessed in the terminal ileum, cecum, and ascending and descending colon. ResultsAmong 24 randomly assigned subjects, no differences in dietary folate intake or blood folate were observed at baseline. Mean ± SD red blood cell folate at 16 wk was 1765 ± 426 and 911 ± 242 nmol/L in the 400 and 0 μg folic acid group, respectively (P < 0.0001). Reduced folate carrier, proton-coupled folate transporter, and folate-receptor alpha expression were detected in the terminal ileum and colon, as were efflux transporters of breast cancer resistance protein and multidrug resistance protein-3. Other than a higher mRNA expression of FR-alpha and GCPII in the 400 μg supplement group in the ascending colon, no treatment differences were observed (P < 0.02). ConclusionsFolate transporters are present throughout the terminal ileum and colon; there is little evidence that a low dose of folic acid supplementation affects colonic absorption.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03421483.

Reject Analysis in Digital Radiography and Computed Tomography: A Belgian Imaging Department Case Study.

Reject analysis is usually performed in digital radiography (DR) for quality assurance. Data for computed tomography (CT) rejects remains sparse. The aim of this study is to help provide a straightforward benchmark for reject analysis of both DR and CT. This retrospective observational study included 107,277 DR and 20,659 CT during 18 months in a tertiary care center. Rejected acquisitions were retrieved by Dose Archiving and Communication System (DACS). The DR and CT reject analysis included reject rates, reasons for rejection and supplementary radiation dose associated with these rejects. 8,904 rejected DR and 514 rejected CT were retrieved. The DR reject rate was 8.3% whereas the CT reject rate was 2.5%. The cumulative effective dose (ED) of DR rejects was 377.3 mSv while the cumulative ED of CT rejects was 1267.4 mSv. The major reason for rejects was positioning for both DR (61%) and CT (44%). This study helps constitute a simple reproducible method to analyze both DR and CT rejects simultaneously. Although CT rejects are less often monitored than DR rejects, the radiation dose associated with CT rejects is much higher, which emphasizes the need to systematically monitor both DR and CT rejects. Investigating the reasons and the most frequently rejected examinations gives an opportunity for improvement of imaging techniques in cooperation with technologists.

Dietary supplementation of cinnamaldehyde positively affects the physiology, feed utilization, growth, and body composition of striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus.

The study evaluated the effects of diverse cinnamaldehyde (CIN) supplementation doses on the physiological attributes, feed utilization, growth, and body composition of striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. The study incorporated five doses of CIN supplementation, namely 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2gkg-1 feed, with four replicates per group. Commercial extruded isonitrogenous and isoenergetic feeds with crude protein and gross energy levels of 28.46% ± 0.23% and 3858.70 ± 18.06kcalkg-1, respectively, were used as test feeds. The initial weight of striped catfish was 5.57 ± 0.02g, and 30 fish were maintained in each cage (2 × 1 × 1 m3) for 60days. The results illustrated that the incorporation of CIN into the diet increases amylase and lipase levels and the ability of striped catfish to accumulate glucose, as the glucose tolerance test revealed that CIN 1.0 and 1.5gkg-1 reduced glucose content to its basal level at 3-4 h postinjection and upregulated the insulin receptor, hexokinase, and hormone-sensitive lipase genes. CIN 1.5gkg-1 also increased plasma total protein and high-density lipoprotein levels and reduced triglyceride and cholesterol levels. CIN 1.0-2.0 g kg-1 increased antioxidant capacity by increasing the levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione and decreasing malondialdehyde levels. CIN 1.5gkg-1 was the best treatment for increasing final weight, the specific growth rate, protein retention, and the protein efficiency ratio and for decreasing the feed conversion ratio. CIN additionally increased meat protein and decreased meat and liver lipid content. This study concluded that 1.24gkg-1 is the optimal CIN dose calculated from the equation Y = - 0.1487x2 + 0.3702x + 5.0724 (R2 = 0.71) to increase growth and feed efficiency in striped catfish by increasing nonprotein catabolism and exerting antioxidant effects.

EFFECT OF A SUPPLEMENTED DIET WITH MELATONIN ON PERFORMANCE OF JAVAEN BARB Systomus orphoides (Valenciennes, 1842) JUVENILE

Javaen barb is a native fish in Indonesian inland water with economic value and the potential to be developed as cultured fish resources and ornamental commodities. In the development of aquaculture, there are still problems, such as the low adaptability of the larvae, so that their survival is also low. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of melatonin supplementation on the productivity of Javaen barb fish juveniles in culture containers. This study was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design consisting of four treatments with different doses of melatonin supplementation, i.e., A) control (without melatonin supplementation), B) 0.2 mg/100 g of feed, C) 0.4 mg/100 g feed, and D) 0.6 mg/100 g feed, each treatment was repeated three times. Javaen barb juveniles were kept in an aquarium measuring 30×36×60 cm with a water level of 40 cm, consisting of 12 units. Each aquarium was stocked with 150 individuals and given an aeration system with the same air pressure intensity. Feeding was carried out ad-libitum with a frequency of three times daily for 180 days of rearing. The results showed that melatonin supplementation of as much as 0.6 mg/100 g of feed was able to increase the growth of Javaen barb fish juvenile with the highest survival rate (81.33 ± 0.54 %) and feed conversion ratio (2.61 ± 0.14). Melatonin supplementation of 0.6 mg/100 g of feed had higher total leukocyte (3.41±0.73×104 cells/mm3) and hemoglobin (5.07±0.12 g%) values and provided the best production performance in Javaen barb juveniles.

Permanent vs Transient Congenital Hypothyroidism in Chinese Children: Physical Growth and Predictive Nomogram.

Few reliable markers are available to distinguish transient congenital hypothyroidism (TCH) and permanent congenital hypothyroidism (PCH). Additionally, the differences in growth between TCH and PCH remain unclear. To investigate the growth of children with TCH and PCH and develop a nomogram for early differentiation of these forms. This retrospective study included children with TCH or PCH. The predictive efficacy of the prognostic predictors was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic analysis. Multivariate prediction models were developed. Measurements of growth were compared between groups. Patients with TCH had lower initial thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) than those with PCH at newborn screening (NBS). The supplementary dose of levothyroxine (L-T4) gradually decreased with age in TCH but not in PCH. The area under the curve (AUC) values of the initial TSH, L-T4 dose at 1 year of age, and L-T4 dose at 2 years of age for distinguishing TCH from PCH were 0.698, 0.71, and 0.879, respectively. The predictive efficacy of the multivariate models at 1 and 2 years of age improved, with AUC values of 0.752 and 0.922, respectively. A nomogram was built based on the multivariate model at 1 year of age. The growth did not differ between children with TCH and those with PCH. However, at 1 year of age, girls with CH exhibited higher z-scores in terms of height and weight than boys with CH. TSH at NBS and L-T4 doses during treatment can be used to distinguish between PCH and TCH early in life, and the predictive efficacy can be improved using multivariable models with a visualized nomogram. At 3 years of age, patients with TCH and PCH showed similar growth.

No benefit of soluble fiber on liver function.

Background: To conduct a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of current findings from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effect of soluble fiber supplementation on liver function in both healthy individuals and people with specific health conditions, PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science were systematically searched for relevant RCTs published prior to April 2022. Methods: We estimated the change in liver function parameters for each 5 g/d increment in soluble fiber in each trial and then calculated the mean difference (MD) and 95%CI. A total of 25 RCTs with 27 treatment arms (1744 subjects; 884 cases, 860 controls) were included. Results: A total of 25 RCTs with 27 treatment arms were included. The intervention duration of the included studies ranged from 3 to 52 weeks and the dose of soluble fiber supplementation varied from 0.0025 to 40 g/d. Soluble fiber supplementation could not significantly affect serum alanine transaminase (MD: -0.02 U/L, 95% CI: -1.06 to 1.01), aspartate transaminase (MD: -0.34 U/L, 95% CI: -0.84 to 0.15), alkaline phosphatase (MD: 0.29 U/L, -0.14 to 0.71), gamma-glutamyl transferase (MD: 0.12 U/L; 95% CI: -0.81 to 1.05), serum bilirubin (MD: 0.42μmol/L, 95% CI: -0.08 to 0.93) and albumin (MD: 0.64 g/dl, 95% CI: -0.42 to 1.70) levels. Conclusions: Findings from this study did not support the beneficial effects of soluble fiber supplementation on liver function biomarkers. There is a need for long-term high-quality interventions to examine the effects of different types and doses of soluble fibers on liver function as primary outcome.

A single dose of oral calcium bolus supplementation immediately postpartum improves milk yield and concentration of blood calcium in early-lactation Primiparous Holstein cows

The goal of the experiment was to determine the appropriate time of calcium bolus (CB) administration on performance and health of primiparous fresh cows. Two - hundred fourteen primiparous cows were randomly assigned to one of four treatments immediately after calving: 1) control group without receiving CB (CON); 2) CB immediately after calving (BL0); 3) CB 24 h after calving (BL24); 4) two CBs immediately and 24 h after calving (BL0,24). Milk production and milk composition were recorded monthly (based on scheduled farm milking recording) and there were six records for each cow. Serum total calcium (tCa) concentrations was determined at 0, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 168 h after calving. The prevalence of diseases and reproductive performance were recorded for 210 DIM. Total calcium concentration was significantly lower in total period in BL24 treatment (P < 0.01). Also serum total calcium concentration in BL0 and BL0,24 groups increased significantly at 24 h after calving (P = 0.03), but was lower for BL24 cows after 72 h of calving (P < 0.01) compared with CON and BL0 treatments. Serum ß-hydroxybutyrate concentration in control group tended to be greater (P = 0.06) at 7 DIM compared to all treatments. Average milk yields were not different among treatment groups but treatment by time interaction was significant (P = 0.03), thereby in the first milk record BL0 and BL0,24 cows had greater milk production (P = 0.03) and tended to produce more at third record (P = 0.09). Treatments had no effect on milk compositions, reproductive performance and diseases incidence. Only, the days to the first artificial insemination tended to be reduced for BL24 cows compared with others (P = 0.08) and pregnancy at second artificial inseminations tended to be less for control compared with CB supplemented cows (P = 0.09). The subclinical hypocalcemia incidence at 24 h after calving was lower in BL0 treatment (P = 0.03). Based on the results of this study, supplementing at least one CB immediately after calving in primiparous cows could increase the blood calcium concentration and cause them to peak earlier.

Semi Automated Movement Based Screening of Aqueous Extracts of Cinnamon Leaf, Almond, Beetroot Carrot, Ashwagandha and Tulsi on Caenorhabditis Elegans Model System for Health Beneficial Impact

The research was conducted at University of Agricultural Sciences Raichur during 2021-22. In this research Caenorhabditis elegans is utilized by the researchers to know the effects of various extracts, drugs, nano particles, xenobiotics, magnetic effects on behaviour, neuronal effects, feeding pathways, apoptosis, ageing related pathways. Experiments were performed to evaluate the traditional herbs (Cinnamon, Almond, Beetroot Carrot, Ashwagandha and Tulsi) consumption for their health beneficial effects by monitoring the movement as an end point. Movement of an organism is considered as the health and age influencing factor. As the movement is well maintained in organism means health is also well maintained. Hence consistent movement is the factor for the healthy life. In the present study the organism movement has been monitored from L4 onwards every day for 30 minute till 21st day of the survival by automated system. The worm movement during this period has been categorised based on activity in three categories from L4 to 4days the activity ranged from 28.0 units to 10 IR units, 5th to 15th day 27.82 to 14.67 and from 16th to 21st day ranged from 17.87 to 14.44 IR units in non exposed N2 wild type worms. There is a gradual increase in the activity has been recorded on the exposure to health beneficial extracts in a single dose of supplementation. Hence, the study concludes that the health supplements can impact on the move ability of worms and maintains consistent movement till 21 days. Further studies are required to establish comprehensive health beneficial effects of these extracts at organism level.