Supplementary Product Research Articles

Effects of short- and long-term use of propolis extracts on liver and kidney in rats.

Propolis is widely used as a supplementary food product for its health benefits. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of commercial propolis extracts on the liver and kidney. Propolis extracts (250 mg/kgbw/day) were administered orally to adult male Wistar albino rats in solvents of ethanol, propylene glycol, water, and olive oil. Liver enzyme levels were determined biochemically in blood samples, and histopathological examinations were performed on the liver. Damage rate in both kidney tissue in the propolis-ethanol extract group increased significantly compared with the other groups after 30 and 90 days of application (p < .05). According to the results, ethanol, used as a common solvent in propolis products, may adversely affect the liver in long-term use. The data indicate that propolis-olive oil extract may be an essential alternative due to its effective and reliable properties.

Supplementary Influence Maximization Problem in Social Networks

Due to important applications in viral marketing, influence maximization (IM) has become a well-studied problem. It aims at finding a small subset of initial users so that they can deliver information to the largest amount of users through the word-of-mouth effect. The original IM only considers a singleton item. And the majority of extensions ignore the relationships among different items or only consider their competitive interactions. In reality, the diffusion probability of one item will increase when users adopted supplementary products in advance. Motivated by this scenario, we propose a supplementary independent cascade (IC) and discuss the supplementary IM problem. Our problem is NP-hard, and the computation of the objective function is #P-hard. We notice that the diffusion probability will change when considering the impact of its supplementary product. Therefore, the efficient reverse influence sampling (RIS) techniques cannot be applied to our problem directly even though the objective function is submodular. To address this issue, we utilize the sandwich approximation (SA) strategy to obtain a data-dependent approximate solution. Furthermore, we define the supplementary-based reverse reachable (SRR) sets and then propose a heuristic algorithm. Finally, the experimental results on three real datasets support the efficiency and superiority of our methods.

Ayurvedic perspective and clinical significance of millets

The study aims to elicit the the therapeutic potential of Kudhanya/Kshudra Dhanya (millets) in Ayurvedic perspective substantiated with conventional scientific findings. In this review methodology followed includes review of various literature beginning from ancient Ayurvedic classics, conventional scientific and research-oriented publications comprising research papers, journals, periodicals etc. Ayurvedic classical literature replicate that since long time Kshudra Dhanya (millets) have been widely utilised in day today practice as a supplementary dietary product as well as therapeutic potential to overcome sedentary lifestyle induced epidemic of Non-communicable diseases (Santarpana Janya Vyadhi). In Ayurveda explanation of millets in terms of its properties, therapeutic potential, indications, contra-indications, processing are explained well. Millets are endowed with rich source of minerals, micronutrients, phenolic -componds, anti-oxidants. This analysis was tending to put forth the proper usage of millets to better enhancement of health in mankind.

Development of products based on ke-kame-tu formula for PMT at posyandu as an effort to prevent stunting

The "ke-kame-tu" formula is a mixture of Moringa leaf flour, red bean flour and tuna fish meal, with high protein, zinc, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium content. The specific aim of the research is to analyze the proximate content, amino acids, zinc, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium of supplementary feeding nugget products, and determine the most preferred supplementary feeding products. The “ke-kame-tu” formula (15-60-25) and supplementary feeding products were made using a randomized block design. Taste data was obtained using organoleptic tests. Analysis of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium using spectrophotometric methods. To determine the best supplementary feeding product, a diversity analysis (Anova) of organoleptic test results was carried out. The ke-kame-tu formula (15-60-35) contains 4.39 mg/100g of calcium, 530 mg/100 g of phosphorus, 80 mg/100 g of magnesium, 1.65 mg/100 g of zinc, and protein as much as 16.81%. In general, nuggets made using a modified recipe by adding to-kame-tu formulas with different concentrations have different nutritional content, namely increasing calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and protein content. Based on organoleptic tests, it was found that nugget products with N3 treatment were the preferred product compared to other treatments. This supplementary feeding product uses the addition of 100 grams of the second formula.

Monitoring ascorbic acid oxidation with H2O2 and analyzing the food supplement product using parallel factor analysis model of kinetic UV absorption measurements

Ascorbic acid is a functional compound in maintaining the physiological processes of humans who acquire it from dietary sources, and also functions as an antioxidant. Therefore, the quantitation, and degradation of ascorbic acid in the food matrix and its interaction with coexisting components is a very important issue in terms of food safety and human health. Classical analytical methods may not give the expected results in the analysis of more advanced and complex food products obtained with the developing production technology. In this perspective, the parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) model using kinetic UV absorption measurements was improved for the co-estimation of the kinetics and quantification of ascorbic acid in a food supplement product, which is a commercial effervescent preparation without requiring a prior separation step. The proposed three-way analysis strategy was validated and applied to the analysis of the relevant samples. For example, in the test samples, percent recovery and relative standard deviation were found to be 99.4 % and 1.36 %, respectively. The proposed chemometric strategy would be an alternative approach with a good selectivity for estimating the kinetics and quantification of ascorbic acid in a commercial supplementary product. The assay results of the PARAFAC model was checked by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC).

Pengembangan Buku Suplemen Berbasis Cerita Bergambar pada Mata Pelajaran IPAS di Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar

This research and development aims to produce a supplementary book product based on illustrated stories in the subject of IPAS on the material of Indonesia's cultural wealth in class IV Elementary School which is feasible to use to assist the learning process in the independent curriculum. The method used is the Research and development (R&amp;D) method by adapting the ADDIE model. 3 expert validators, 3 classroom teachers in the classroom, and 94 students were sampled in this study. strategies for collecting data through questionnaires and interviews. The results of research and development obtained a validity assessment according to the material expert validator in the content/material aspect obtained a percentage value of 82.23% with the criteria "Very Valid", according to the language expert validator in the language presentation aspect obtained a percentage value of 87.15% with the criteria "Very Valid", according to the design expert in the design aspect obtained a percentage value of 86.67% with the criteria "Very Valid", and according to the design expert validator in the graphical aspect obtained a percentage value of 82.50% with the criteria "Very Valid". These results are supported by the results of product trial activities and received a "Very Good" response from the teacher with a percentage value of 93.70% while responses from small group students obtained a percentage value of 85.52% which is the criterion of "Very Good", and large group responses obtained a percentage value of 88.81% which is the criterion of "Very Good". Therefore, it can be said that this picture story-based supplement book is suitable for use in the learning process.

EVALUATING OF SUPPLEMENTARY FEEDING IN BREASTFED INFANTS

The aim of the study: to assess supplementary feeding in breastfed neonate, evaluate infant and maternal indications for supplementation in healthy infants. Methods. An anonymous voluntary survey about supplementary feeding of 50 women who has breastfed children and visited the hospital for various reasons, not related to breastfeeding. According to the results of survey, the main reason for starting supplementary feeding was the insufficient amount of breast milk in the mother (63,20%). Other reasons included: low body weight of the child, illness of the mother, difficulties in applying to the breast, restlessness of the child. After the introduction of supplementary food, only 3,80% of children were returned to exclusively breastfeeding, 22,20% - remained on mixed feeding until the introduction of complementary food, and 29,60% had artificial feeding. The majority of women (74,10%) did not use any methods to improve lactation. Half of the surveyed mothers (56,00%) who introduced supplementary feeding gave milk formula to feed their child and used bottle feeding (32,60%) and spoon feeding (21,30%). Conclusions: the majority of interviewed women had a shortage of breast milk, which was the main reason for the introduction of supplementary food; the best supplementary food product is mother's or donor's milk; a third part of the surveyed women used bottle feeding; the decision to introduce supplementary food should be made by the doctor individually to every child.

Investigation of the Acute Subacute Toxicity of KL-21® Supplementary Food Product in Rats

Objective: KL21®; It is a food supplement using remember regeneration therapy method (RTM). KL21®. Whereas products that containing combined medicinal plants are expected to be beneficial for health, on the other hand, their toxic properties are able to potentially increase due to the interactions of the active ingredients in the plants. With this study, it was aimed to investigate the toxic effect of KL21®.&#x0D; Material-Method: In the study conducted with control (n: 8), acute (n: 8), subacute (n: 8) and post-subacute (n: 8) groups; the daily dose of the product was tested by gavage in 8-week-old female Wistar rats. Biochemical parameters P, Ca, ALB, TG, TP, TC, Creatinine, Bilirubin, GGT, ALP, AST and ALT were analyzed. In hematological parameters; WBC, RBC, PLT, HCT, HGB were examined. Liver, lung, spleen, kidney and heart tissues were investigated histopathologicaly. Clinical observation was made throughout the entire process.&#x0D; Results: When the acute, subacute and post-subacute groups were compared to control, it was observed that there was no significant difference in biochemical, hematological, histopathological terms. No toxicity-related side effects were found in clinical observations.&#x0D; Conclusion: The potential toxic effect of daily use dose of KL21® containing the combined medicinal plant was investigated in vivo. According to the hemogram, biochemistry and pathology tests, it was determined that it does not show acute and subacute toxicity.

Synergistic Antioxidant Activity and Optimal Microwave-Assisted Extraction Condition of Caesalpinia sappan L., Hibiscus sabdariffa L., and Clitoria ternatea L. Combinations

The aims of this work were to evaluate the synergistic antioxidant activity and optimize microwave-assisted extraction of Caesalpinia sappan L., Hibiscus sabdariffa L., and Clitoria ternatea L. combinations. The simplex lattice design was applied to evaluate the synergistic antioxidant activity. The mass ratios of the 3 plants that exhibited synergistic antioxidant activity were further used to investigate the optimal condition of microwave-assisted extraction by Box-Behnken design. Results showed that the synergistic antioxidant activity among the 3 plants: Which was determined by the combination index, was observed at various mass ratios, especially at the equal mass ratio. The optimal microwave-assisted extraction condition providing the best antioxidant activity of the plant extract was microwave power of 300 W for 30 s and 3 cycles. This condition gave the extraction yield of 31.03 ± 0.26 %, total phenolic content of 72.03 ± 3.83 mg GAE/g extract, total flavonoid content of 15.18 ± 0.42 mg CE/g extract, half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) from DPPH assay of 178.16 ± 15.54 µg/mL and IC50 from FRAP assay of 75.26 ± 4.44 µg/mL. The optimal extract showed no toxicity on HepG2 cells although the tested concentration was up to 1 mg/mL with an IC50 value of 5.45 mg/mL. So, a mixture of the 3 colored plants could be used as a supplementary antioxidant product with a safety profile. HIGHLIGHTS Synergistic antioxidant activity was observed among three colored plants The optimal MAE condition was microwave power of 300 W for 30 s and three cycles The optimal extract did not toxic although the tested concentration was up to 1 mg/mL The IC50 of extract on cell viability was 5.45 mg/mL GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Formula “KE-KAME-TU” high calcium, phosphore and magnesium as basic ingredients for under five years supplementary feeding

The "ke-kame-tu" formula is a formula with high calcium, phosphorus and magnesium content using a mixture of ingredients such as moringa flour, cowpea flour and tuna flour. The specific objectives of the research are 1) Creating the “ke-kame-tu” formula high in calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium, 2) Analyzing the nutritional content (calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium) of the “ke-kame-tu” formula, 3) Analyzing the substance content nutrition (calcium, phosphorus and magnesium) of supplementary feeding (PMT) products, and 4) Testing the acceptability of supplementary feeding (PMT) products by panelists. The making of the “ke-kame-tu” formula used a randomized block design with 6 treatments and 3 replications so that the research units were 18 units. The supplementary feeding products are made by adding 100 grams of ke-kame-tu formula each. Analysis of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium using spectrophotometric methods. To determine the best supplementary feeding nugget product, a analysis of variance (Anova) was carried out on the results of the organoleptic test. The nutritional content of the ke-kame-tu formula, namely calcium, ranges from 129.563 mg% (F4) to 521,450 mg% (F6), phosphorus ranged from 493 mg% (F1) to 650 mg% (F6), and magnesium in the range of 709.98 mg% (F6) to 942.19 mg% (F1).

Plant-derived tormentic acid alters the gut microbiota of the silkworm (Bombyx mori)

In recent years, phytochemicals have started to attract more attention due to their contribution to health and bioactivity. Microorganisms in the intestines of organisms contribute to the processing, function, and biotransformation of these substances. The silkworm (Bombyx mori) is one of the organisms used for the biotransformation of phytochemicals due to its controlled reproduction and liability to microbial manipulation. In this study, a bioactive compound, tormentic acid (TA), extracted from Sarcopoterium spinosum was used in the silkworm diet, and the alterations of intestinal microbiota of the silkworm were assessed. To do this, silkworms were fed on a diet with various tormentic acid content, and 16S metagenomic analysis was performed to determine the alterations in the gut microbiota profile of these organisms. Diet with different TA content did not cause a change in the bacterial diversity of the samples. A more detailed comparison between different feeding groups indicated increased abundance of bacteria associated with health, i.e., Intestinibacter spp., Flavonifractor spp., Senegalimassilia spp., through the utilization of bioactive substances such as flavonoids. In conclusion, it might be said that using TA as a supplementary product might help ameliorate the infected gut, promote the healthy gut, and relieve the undesirable effects of medicines on the gastrointestinal system.

Does repurchase timing matter in promotional framing effect?

PurposeAlthough the evidence exists for the effect of promotional frame on repurchase intention, it is unclear whether the timing of repurchase can moderate the effect. In this paper, three experiments were conducted to answer this question.Design/methodology/approachIn Experiment 1, a 2 (framing: bundle vs. gift) × 2 (repurchase target: focal vs. supplementary) × 2 (timing: short vs. long) between-subjects design was used. In Experiment 2, an identical design was used except that repurchase target being the within-subjects factor. In Experiment 3, the design was based on that of Experiment 2 and brand was added a between-subjects factor.FindingsExperiment 1 showed that, with a short interval, repurchase intention under gift frame was higher than that under bundle frame. With a long interval, there was no significant difference between the gift and bundle frames. Experiment 2, however, indicated no effects for expensive products. Experiment 3 showed that brand (private versus national brand) moderate the interaction between framing, repurchase target and timing. Particularly, for private brand, no significant comparisons were found; for national brand, repurchase intention for the focal product was significantly higher than for the supplementary product, but only under the conditions of long interval and gift frame (rather than bundle frame).Originality/valueTaken together, findings from the current study contributes to the literature by showing for the first time that repurchase timing can moderate the promotional frame effect (i.e. higher repurchase intention under gift framing relative to bundle framing occurs in the short interval but not long interval) and that brand type can moderate the joint effects of framing, timing and repurchase target (i.e. national brand, rather than private brand, paired with long interval and gift frame results in higher repurchase intention for the focal product). The findings provide marketers with important knowledge in terms of how to adjust a promotional frame depending on when consumers repurchase a product and whether the product has a private or national brand.

Conceptual Design of Ecotourism Products Proposal at Mangrove Forest in Ketam Island, Malaysia

Mangrove offers a unique and functional characteristic that proves to be beneficial to its surrounding ecosystem. It also benefited the local communities positively in the socio-economic growth via the increase in ecotourism product varieties. Ecotourism activities must not further deteriorate, but, be able to protect and preserve the mangrove ecosystem via a deliberate mangrove ecosystem management. In the effort to conserve mangrove ecosystem, increase public awareness and promote socio-economic growth, this study therefore seeks to highlight the existing ecotourism product (physical products, activities, facilities and services) at Ketam Island Mangrove Forest, Selangor, Malaysia and proposed ecotourism product suitable to feature mangrove forest. With sustainable development, a conceptual design is proposed for the future development of ecotourism research center and its urban enclave at the location, supplementing suitable ecotourism product to the existing product. A site survey of the location is conducted to observe the mangrove ecosystem. Further information is collected from supporting existing publications. Computer software such as AutoCAD and Adobe Photoshop are used to draw out the 2-Dimensional, 3-Dimensional, and render the proposed design to visual representations. Significantly, the supplementary ecotourism product conserves the mangrove ecosystem, promote socio-economic growth and benefit all stakeholders; visitors, local community.

Anatomy of the geometric phase for an optical vortex transiting a lens

We present an analytical means of quantifying the fractional accumulation of the geometric phase for an optical vortex transiting a cylindrical lens. The standard fiber bundle of a sphere of modes is endowed with a supplementary product space at each point so that the beam waists and their positions can be explicitly tracked as functions of lens transit fraction. The method is applied to quantify the accumulation of the geometric phase across a single lens as a function of initial state and lens position within the beam. It can be readily applied to a series of lenses as well.

Peripheral intravenous catheter securement: An integrative review of contemporary literature around medical adhesive tapes and supplementary securement products.

To synthesise evidence related to medical adhesive tapes and supplementary securement products for peripheral intravenous catheters in adults, to prevent complications and device failure. Integrative review informed by Whittemore and Knafl and reported in accordance with the PRISMA 2020statement. The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, EMBASE/MEDLINE and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health were searched from 2000-21 September 2020. Studies enrolling hospitalised participants >16years with peripheral intravenous catheters secured by medical adhesive tapes, or supplementary products (bandage, splint and sutureless securement device), were eligible. Quality appraisal was performed using Critical Appraisal Skills Program checklists. Nineteen studies met criteria, including 43,683 peripheral intravenous catheters. Quality appraisal identified high or unclear risk of bias in 58% of studies. Nonsterile tape was the most common intervention tested (14studies), alone or in multiproduct combinations. Nonsterile tape directly over insertion sites was associated with increased PIVC failure and complications. Sutureless securement devices potentially reduce failure and complications. Multiproduct combinations were very common. Practice recommendations regarding other tapes and secondary securement products are challenging, due to conflicting, or lack of, evidence. Tapes and secondary securement product evidence are limited, and over half of the studies are of low methodological quality. This review found nonsterile tape was associated with increased failure and complications; multiproduct dressing and securement bundles were prevalent; and significant evidence gaps exist particularly regarding bandages and splints. The results provide nurses with evidence of medical adhesive tapes and supplementary product effectiveness for peripheral intravenous catheter securement, and future research directions to reduce unacceptably high failure and complication rates. Larger rigorously conducted randomised controlled trials are needed to add to current evidence.

ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ФОРМУВАННЯ СОЦІАЛЬНО ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

The article studies theoretical essence of the concept of “social responsibility” and substantiates theoretical principles of its formation at agricultural enterprises. It is stressed that promotion of the idea of formation and use of social responsibility aims to intensify its importance while implementing transformations, which increase efficiency of operation and competitiveness of agricultural enterprises. Advantages of agricultural enterprises’ social responsibility include increase of profit; access to socially responsible investments; reduction of operation costs due to cut down of production wastes or their processing; improvement of reputation that opens new markets and directions for agribusiness; growth of the volume of sale and customers’ loyalty. The developed classification of social costs and socially responsible operation will secure: effective management and control for the volume of resources, involved for social purposes; creation of conditions to get a maximum social effect with economic benefits. The necessity of socially responsible behavior of economic activities at agricultural enterprises is forced not only by the economic efficiency of social projects, but also due to reconsideration of values, confessed by modern agribusiness, pressure of external environment and consumer’s’ expectations. It is noted that agricultural enterprises are engaged in the economic activities of agrarian production and processes of social and economic development on rural territories. They perform important social and economic mission of employment, create environment for supplementary product, as well as exercise the function of environmental protection. Agricultural enterprises are incorporated in the social and economic model of life and economic activities on rural area as a productive force, social agents and carriers of social functions. It is determined that an agricultural enterprise shapes its socially responsible activities by employing peasants, providing adequate labour payment, investing in development of social infrastructure on rural territory.

Pembuatan biskuit bergizi untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan nutrisi anak balita penderita gizi kurang di Kecamatan Syiah Kuala (Processing nutritious biscuit product as supplementary nutrition for malnourished toddler in Syiah Kuala Sub-District)

The aim of this community service activity was to increase the knowledge of health workers and mothers at the integrated healthcare centers (Posyandu) how to make biscuits from banana flour, red bean flour, and green bean flour as a supplementary nutritional product of malnourished toddlers in Syiah Kuala Sub-district. The methods were survey, socialization, and practicing of making biscuits from Awak banana flour, red bean flour, and mung bean flour involving mothers of the toddlers, heads of health centers, and Posyandu cadres. Based on the observation during the programs, the participants were very disciplined and enthusiastic in participating in all activities. Also, the participants were capable of making the biscuits product. Based on the proximate analysis conducted at the Laboratory of Baristand (Research and Standardization Center) in Banda Aceh, every 100 grams of the biscuit contains the nutritional content of carbohydrates 29.98%, protein 6.57%, fat 37.28%, water content 0.58%, ash content 1.72%, and calories 328.17 kcal. It can be concluded that 100 grams of biscuit can supply the nutritional needs of malnourished toddlers as much as 328.17 kcal from the dietary needs of 1.620 kcal per day.

Supplementary Product Forms: Analysis of Polish Market Trends

Supplementary Product Forms: Analysis of Polish Market Trends

The Development of Supplementary Teaching Material for Ibnu Hadjar’s Biography to Improve Collagers’ Critical Thinking Skills of History Education

&lt;strong&gt;Abstract:&lt;/strong&gt; The purpose of this research is to improve capability of critical thingking of the student which relates to historical local figure of South Borneo. The realization of this research is research and develpoment (R&amp;amp;D). The explanation of Ibnu Hadjar's figure was realized in the form of Ibnu Hadjar's biography teaching material supplement products for students of history education offering B class of 2019 as an experimental class and Offering A as a control class at Lambung Mangkurat University who were taking Local History courses. The stages in this study use the 4D model that is indicated by four components, namely identification, design, development, and dissemination. The results of product validation and assessment include learning media expert validators with a percentage of up to 77% and are categorized as feasible to be implemented. The assessment of the material experts obtained a percentage of 91% with the category very feasible to be implemented. Obtaining language validation reached a percentage of 82% and included in the category eligible to be implemented. The student's assessment of teaching material supplement products reaches a percentage of 93% with a very good category. Assessment of lecturers supporting Local History courses obtained a percentage of 85% and can be categorized as interesting. As for the results of the effectiveness of the process of implementing the supplementary product of Ibnu Hadjar's biography teaching material to improve the critical thinking skills of students in the experimental class gained 82% percentage. This is very different from the results of students' critical thinking skills in the control class that were not given and implemented biography teaching material supplement products Ibnu Hadjar. The percentage gained in the control class only reached 56%.

Teachers’ Approaches to Strengthening their Immune Systems during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Objective: Strengthening the immune system constitutes an important part of struggling with COVID-19. The aim of this study was to evaluate the approaches of the teachers to strengthen their immunity during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. &#x0D; Method: This descriptive study was conducted by applying a questionnaire to teachers using social media between 15 June - 15 July 2020. &#x0D; Results: The median age of all 500 participants was 37 (min: 22, max: 69) years and 76.8% were women. Of the teachers 47.4% stated that they gained weight during COVID-19 pandemic period. Fruit and vegetable consuming (52.8%), praying (36.2%) and sunbathing (26.0%) were the most common methods to strengthen immunity. Of the teachers, 45.2% (n:226) were using supplementary products. The most commonly used supplements are; Vitamin D (17%), vitamin C (14.2%) and multi-vitamin (10.8%). While there was no statistically significant difference between supplementary product usage and income levels (p = 0.839), there was a significant difference with allotting of money for their health (p = 0.001). Of the teachers, 46.2% were confident about their knowledge on immunity strengthening methods and 61.2% stated that they would like to be trained. &#x0D; Conclusion: Teachers appear to care about their health and apply immunity strengthening methods, though nearly half gained weight during the COVID-19 pandemic. In-service training is essential for the teachers who would constitute good role-models for the society. Lifestyle changes and complementary therapies strengthening immunity may help to come over Covid-19 pandemic with less harm. More studies are needed to investigate the effects of complementary therapies on the immune system.