Supplementary Food Research Articles

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CONSUMING MORINGA LEAF PUDDING TO PREVENT STUNTING AMONG CHILDREN AT PAUD ADELWEIS IN WEST CIKARANG, BEKASI DISTRICT IN 2023

Stunting is a global health problem affecting 165 million children around the world. The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia reached 21.6% in 2021. Four children were identified as stunted (12.1%), and 29 were normal (87.9%) in PAUD Adelwais in March-April 2023. Moringa leaves are one intervention that can be used to prevent stunting. Moringa oleifera (Moringa plant) is a widely and easily cultivated plant in Indonesia with the potential to be an ergonomic, cheap, and nutritious supplemental food. Many communities have widely used Moringa plants. The research aimed to determine the efficacy of Moringa leaf pudding in preventing child stunting. A quasi-experimental one-group pre-test and post-test approach was used as the research design. A total sample of 33 children were selected as respondents to the survey. The research results show that the consumption of Moringa leaf pudding effectively increases the height and weight of the children significantly, with a p-value of 0.000 (< 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant change in the body mass index with a p-value of 0.310 (> 0.05). There is a decrease in the prevalence of stunting in the PAUD Adelwais children, which decreased to 2 children (6.1%). Conclusion: Pudding with Moringa leaves is an effective intervention for preventing stunting in children.

Biological activities and chemical composition of essential oil isolated from <i>Artemisia herba-alba</i>

<i>Artemisia herba-alba </i>(AHA), known as sheeh in Jordan, is recommended by regional traditional healers for the treatment of a variety of diseases. AHA<i> </i>has been used in folk medicine to treat colds, coughing, bronchitis, intestinal disturbances, diarrhea, neuralgias, arterial hypertension, and diabetes. The objectives of the current study were to identify the chemical compositions of the essential oil extracted from dried leaf powder of AHA cultivated in Jordan and investigate its antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The essential oil was isolated using hydro distillation, and the identification of <i>artemisia herba-alba </i>essential oil <i>(</i>AHEO) composition was performed using validated gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antibacterial activity of AHEO was assessed against <i>escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumonia</i>,<i> </i>and <i>staphylococcus aureus </i>and two clinical isolates (methicillin-resistant <i>staphylococcus aureus</i> and methicillin-resistant <i>staphylococcus</i> <i>epidermidis</i> [MRSE]) using a disc diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values, using the micro-dilution broth method. Additionally, antioxidant activities were determined using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. The results revealed that the yield of AHEO was 4.41% v/w, with nearly 22 identified compounds, constituting approximately 96.80% of the total mass of essential oils. Monoterpenoids was the major compounds (71.90%), with alpha pinene being the major component, accounting for 17.20% of the composition. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were 43.97 mg GAE/g and 30.11 mg CE/g, respectively. The antibacterial activity of AHEO against MRSE exhibited the highest inhibitory effect, while <i>E.coli</i> showed the highest MBC value. Furthermore, AHEO demonstrated significant antioxidant activity (IC<sub>50=</sub> 64.57 and 34.01 for DPPH and ABTS, respectively). The results indicate that AHEO possess good antioxidant and antibacterial properties, suggesting that they may be used as a supplementary food and antimicrobial agent.

Effects of Moderate Acute Malnutrition Treatment and HIV-Exposure on Body Composition among Children Under Five Years in SubSaharan Africa: A systematic review

Background: Malnutrition poses a global threat to Childhood growth and survival. Coupled with HIV exposure and infection, under-nutrition risk is greatly increased. Infection with HIV results in Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome which increases the body’s nutrient requirements and may significantly affect the body composition parameters. This study aimed to review data from published articles to identify the changes in body composition among children under five in sub-Saharan Africa as a result of Moderate Acute Malnutrition (MAM) and HIV exposure
 Materials And Methods: We conducted a systematic review of published articles on body composition, moderate acute malnutrition treatment and HIV exposure among children under five years. Data was searched from PubMed, Ovid-MedLine, Google Scholar, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and EMBASE. The review was done as per Cochrane reviews and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and MetaAnalyses guidelines (PRISMA). The articles were then screened for suitability of inclusion and analysis.
 Results: A total of 1,505 records were identified; 520 articles from PubMed, 535 from Medline and 430 from EMBASE. On the first screening step, 755 duplicate records were removed. Screening the articles by abstract and title led to the elimination of 717 records. Further, 88 records were excluded due to a lack of full-text articles, not related to the topic, no prospective studies and the wrong age group (above five years). We finally ended up with 9 articles that were included for review.
 Conclusions: There is an interrelationship between MAM treatment, HIV Exposure and body composition. Treatment of MAM using standard ready-to-use supplemental foods and locally produced specialized nutritious formulas improves the body composition parameters of children under five years. HIV-exposed infected children exhibit poorer body composition parameters than HIV-exposed uninfected and HIV-unexposed uninfected children.

Peningkatan Pengetahuan Orang Tua Mengenai Gizi Kurang pada Balita dengan Metode Intervensi Edukasi

The nutritional status of children is an important thing that every parent must know, because disturbances that occur due to unbalanced nutrition will cause irreversible damage. In 2018, the prevalence of malnutrition in the world was 7.3% or ± 49.5 million children.The problem experienced by this community is that there are still high cases of malnutrition in toddlers in the working area of the Cipayung Health Center, so there is a need for education and intervention for the community regarding the prevention and prevention of malnutrition. The results of this activity were an increase in knowledge of malnutrition p-value 0.021 and the attitude of obedience of parents in providing supplementary food to their undernourished children. This is very important to do in various working areas of the puskesmas and in the community itself, because prevention from an early age can reduce the high incidence of malnutrition which has an impact on the death rate in Indonesia

Functional Food Processing Application as PMT (Providing Additional Food) for BADUTA in the Program to Support the Movement to Prevent Stunting in Medan Deli District

Stunting is a form of growth failure due to the accumulation of inadequate nutrition that lasts for a long time starting from pregnancy until the age of 24 months, characterized by body length or height being below standard, based on the PB/U or TB/U index, the results of these measurements are at the threshold < -2 SD, =-3 SD (short) and <-3 SD (very short). Based on WHO data (2020), the prevalence of stunting in children under five in the world is 149.2 million or around 22%, the national prevalence of stunting in 2022 is 21.6%, the prevalence of stunting in North Sumatra (January 2023) reaches 21.1%, ranked 17th from 34 provinces with the highest number of stunted children in Indonesia. The prevalence of stunting in Medan City (as of April 1 2023) is 298 children under five. Data obtained from the Medan Deli District Family Planning Coordinator, currently there are 28 stunted toddlers and 30 stunted toddlers, of the 28 stunted toddlers, 1 toddler has 'graduated' from stunting. The aim of this service is to apply functional food processing as PMT (Supplemental Food Provision) for BADUTA as an effort to support the Stunting Prevention Movement Program in accordance with PERPRES (2021) No. 72. In the outreach activities, pretest and posttest evaluation activities were carried out to determine the level of knowledge of participants regarding the provision of additional protein-rich functional food (PMT) in the form of cereal cookies to stunted toddlers and those at risk of stunting by providing simple choice questions that they had to answer. The results of the service obtained are functional stunting food products in the form of cookies containing porang flour and moringa

Sosialisasi Makanan Sehat Dan Dampak Stunting Terhadap Pertumbuhan Perkembangan Anak Usia Dini

Stunting is a serious problem in the growth and development of early childhood which can have an impact on their health and quality of life. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out effective outreach and intervention to prevent stunting. The KKN (Real Work Lecture) program in Karangrowo Undaan Village is a forum for implementing this effort. In this context, PMT (Extension and Socialization of the Supplemental Food Program) is the main instrument in educating mothers of toddlers about stunting and the importance of balanced nutrition. This abstract describes the stages of the KKN program which involves counseling, discussion, measuring children's height and weight, as well as the practice of preparing a healthy, nutritious lunch menu. Through the "learning by doing" method, participants are actively involved in this activity to increase their understanding of stunting and how to prevent it. This program has great potential to increase public awareness and knowledge regarding stunting and improve early childhood health through PMT.

Education on Providing Supplementary Food to Prevent Stunting in Magei Village, West Misool Distrik, Lilinta Health Center Working Area, West Papua, Indonesia

Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem characterized by a child's height below the standard for his age. Stunting can be caused by various factors, one of which is suboptimal feeding. Education on providing additional food is one of the efforts to prevent stunting. This community service activity aims to provide education about providing additional food to prevent stunting to mothers in Magei Village, West Misool Distrik, Lilinta Health Center Working Area. This activity was carried out from November 1st to 2nd, 2023, involving 86 mothers. Education is provided through lectures and discussions. The material presented includes the meaning of stunting, the factors that cause stunting, and the importance of providing additional food. Participants are also given practice in making additional nutritious food. The results of the activity show that mothers in Magei Village have a good understanding of stunting. After participating in the activity, mothers were also more motivated to provide additional nutritious food to their children.

Dynamics of a generalist predator–prey system with harvesting and hunting cooperation in deterministic/stochastic environment

In this investigation, we explore a predator–prey system characterized by generalist predators exhibiting cooperative behavior during hunting, subject to nonlinear harvesting rate. Employing a Beverton–Holt type functional response to capture the impact of additional food sources on predator growth, our numerical findings affirm the destabilizing influence of hunting cooperation, excessive predation, and supplementary food sources. Conversely, the system demonstrates stabilization in response to increased prey species growth. We unveil the occurrence of both forward and backward bifurcations in the system due to the predator growth attributed to additional food sources, contingent on the degree of hunting cooperation. To broaden the scope, we extend our proposed model to its stochastic counterpart, introducing environmental white noises. Our numerical results anticipate that higher intensities of white noises lead to fluctuations of greater amplitude, while smaller intensities exhibit a more modest impact. Additionally, we elucidate the dynamics of prey and predator populations through histogram plots. The theoretical and numerical insights derived from this study provide a deeper understanding of the intricate dynamics within predator–prey systems of ecological communities, emphasizing the significance of additional food sources for cooperative predators subject to harvesting in both constant and fluctuating environments.

Habitat management carried out by hunters in the European turtle dove western flyway: Opportunities and pitfalls for linking with sustainable hunting

As described in many farmland birds of Europe, habitat loss is one of the main factors explaining the decline of the European turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur), a migratory columbid which breeds in the Western Palaearctic and winters in Africa. In the countries belonging to the western flyway (which host around 40–50% of the European breeding population), the species was hunted before the implementation of a moratorium in recent years, and it is known that habitat management is conducted to favour game and wildlife. Through a questionnaire we investigated the habitat management conducted in hunting grounds of France, Portugal and Spain (931 respondents), and the measures that may favour turtle doves. The vast majority of respondents were totally or partially in charge of game management (98%), but less than 50% were responsible for decisions regarding farming or forestry. The most frequent measures were supplementary food (73% of respondents), water provision (68%), forest management (50%) and agricultural management (47%). Land interventions were conducted in a high proportion of grounds, but at limited scale (<50 ha/hunting ground). In most cases, the management was self-funded by hunters and game managers. Habitat management measures were rarely targeted exclusively to the turtle dove; interventions were, in contrast, frequently part of management targeting various species simultaneously. Grounds with a tradition of higher number of hunted doves were those more likely to target the species in their management. The likelihood of implementing management tools was mainly linked to variations in hunting pressure rather than to perceptions of turtle dove population trends. As the turtle dove is favoured by the ecotone between woodland and farmland, it is crucial to promote and reward measures beyond food and water provision, involving agricultural and forest management, ideally accompanied by species’ monitoring in hunting grounds. As the current Adaptive Harvest Management Framework promoted by the European Union aims to link hunting opportunities with habitat enhancements, hunting grounds could be crucial to improve turtle dove habitats at large scale and help reversing current population trends.

Effect of Gut Microbiota-Directed Complementary Food Supplementation on Fecal and Plasma Biomarkers of Gut Health and Environmental Enteric Dysfunction in Slum-Dwelling Children with Moderate Acute Malnutrition.

Dietary supplementation with a gut microbiota-directed complementary food (MDCF-2) significantly improved weight gain and repaired gut microbiota, as reported in a recent randomized controlled trial on Bangladeshi children with moderate acute malnutrition (MAM). Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is a small bowel disorder, and recent evidence shows that it is linked to growth failure in children. Therefore, we intended to investigate whether supplementation with MDCF-2 has any role in modifying gut health by changing the levels of biomarkers of EED and gut inflammation in children with MAM. We randomly assigned 124 children aged 12-18 months to one of two intervention diets, either MDCF-2 or ready-to-use supplementary food (RUSF). Approximately 50 g of the diet was administered in two feeding sessions daily for 12 weeks. Stool and plasma biomarkers were assessed to evaluate intestinal health. Results showed that the average change in citrulline concentration (µmol/L) significantly increased among children who consumed MDCF-2 compared to those who consumed RUSF (mean difference-in-differences: 123.10; 95% CI: 3.60, 242.61; p = 0.044). The research findings demonstrated that MDCF-2 might have a beneficial effect on improving the gastrointestinal health of malnourished children.

Depensation of supplementary food in a system of interacting species with refuge

Depensation of supplementary food in a system of interacting species with refuge

Supplementary feeding of birds during the winter influences measures of avian community structure in yards in a subtropical city.

Supplementary feeding, the intentional provision of food to wild birds is a common activity in developed nations during the winter. The energy inputs represented by supplementary feeding are vast, and thus it is likely an important mechanism shaping bird communities in urban areas. However, research in this regard has mainly occurred in temperate and non-urban settings. Moreover, few studies have been informed by supplementary feeding habits of local community members limiting their inference. We evaluated the effects of two commonly provided wild bird foods on the abundance and species diversity of birds in yards over two winters in San Antonio, Texas, United States, a city located in a subtropical region. We used a reversed Before-After-Control-Impact experimental design in which yards were randomly allocated either mixed seed, Nyjer, or no food (control) between November 2019 and March 2020 (Year One). Between November 2020 and March 2021 (Year Two) supplementary food was not provided in any yards. Point counts conducted during both years of the study revealed that overall bird abundance was consistent between years in control yards and yards provided with Nyjer. In contrast, overall bird abundance was statistically significantly higher when supplementary food was present in mixed seed yards, driven by an increase in granivorous and omnivorous species. In contrast, supplementary feeding had no statistically significant effect on the abundance of insectivorous species or on species diversity, although species diversity tended to be higher in the presence of mixed seed. Our study demonstrates that wild bird food commonly provided by community members influences measures of avian community structure during the winter in urban yards in a subtropical city. However, these results depend on the type of bird food provided. Our results provide insight into the processes underlying the effects of urbanization on bird communities, and thus have implications for the management of urban birds more broadly.

A REVIEW OF MILLETS AS DISCRIBED IN AYURVED SAMHITAS

The aim of this study is to explore the nutritional and medicinal potential of millets from an Ayurvedic perspective, supported by modern scientific research. The research methodology includes field research, literature review starting from classical works of Ayurveda from ancient India, and latest scientific and research publications such as journals and periodicals. In tribal areas and less developed areas, millet is still used as a supplementary food grain. In the classics of Ayurveda, millet is widely used for therapeutic purposes.

Impact of Classical Yoga Therapy and Naturopathy Neutraceutical Supplementary Food Among Adults with Insomnia

Impact of Classical Yoga Therapy and Naturopathy Neutraceutical Supplementary Food Among Adults with Insomnia

Study of diet composition in sea cucumber intestines in Socah Waters, Bangkalan Regency

Sea cucumbers, which belong to the Phylum Echinodermata, possess significant potential for cultivation. However, these invertebrates require further investigation concerning various aspects of their cultivation, including their feeding habits and diet composition. Research on the dietary requirements of sea cucumbers aims to identify their primary and supplementary food sources, which can serve as references for the provision of natural feed in future sea cucumber farming efforts. Data collection was conducted through random sampling in the Socah Waters, Bangkalan Regency. Observations of the food type found in the intestines of sea cucumbers revealed the presence of plankton, sediment, and detritus. The plankton species identified in the intestines include Cyclotella kuatzingiana, Chaetoceros densus, and Thalassiosira fluviatilis. The diet composition varied among the three sea cucumber species studied: Paracaudina australis, Phyllophorus sp., and Colochirus quadrangularis. In Paracaudina australis, the food composition consists of Cyclotella kuatzingiana (55%), Thalassiosira fluviatilis (30%), sediment (10%), and detritus (5%). For Phyllophorus sp., the composition consists of sediment (70%), detritus (15%), Thalassiosira fluviatilis (10%), and Chaetoceros densus (5%). In Colochirus quadrangularis, the diet comprised Thalassiosira fluviatilis (55%), Cyclotella kuatzingiana (20%), sediment (15%), and detritus (10%).

Serum ferritin level in children with normal hemoglobin and low MCV and MCH in a hospital in Iraq

Background: Iron deficiency is common around the world, particularly in young people because of their elevated need for iron to grow and develop. Iron deficiency is demonstrated by low levels of serum ferritin. This research will investigate the level of serum ferritin in children with normal hemoglobin but low MCV and MCH, the purpose of this is to determine the degree to which subclinical iron deficiency is present and distinguish it from other causes of microcytosis. Method: 150 children with typical hemoglobin but low MCV and MCH were recruited recognizing subordinate iron deficiency. Blood samples and demographic information regarding sociological aspects were collected and assessed. A computerized hematology analyzer and an ELISA were both used to assess the level of haemoglobin in the blood and the serum level of ferritin. Results: Children with normal hemoglobin but low MCV and MCH had a mean hemoglobin level of 12.7±0.6 mg/ dl and a serum ferritin level of 86.5±7 ng/ ml, according to the study. The levels of serum ferritin and hemoglobin changed significantly, depending on the sociodemographic variables. Among the pediatric population, the levels of serum ferritin and hemoglobin were significantly higher (P-value 0.002). Conclusion: In children with typical hemoglobin, but low MCV and MCH, the sociodemographic factors are strongly associated with the hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels. Gender, birth order, and family size—children under the age of 10 years— had an effect on the serum level of ferritin. The age, birthdate, and the time of supplemental food consumption also had an effect on hemoglobin levels. These findings demonstrate the necessity of recognizing and treating iron deficiency early on in life.

Effect of Blending Ratio and Extrusion Operating Conditions on Nutritional Quality and Functional and Sensory Acceptability of Teff‐Bulla‐Based Complementary Food: A Response Surface Methodology Approach

The purpose of this study was to identify possible locally accessible cereals, tubers, and legumes for use in the extrusion of teff, bulla, and haricot beans to prepare inexpensive supplemental foods. This study used central composite rotatable design (CCRD) to assess the effects of specific processing parameters on response variables such as proximate composition and physical, functional, and sensory qualities of produced complementary food. The processing parameters included haricot bean blending ratios (BR) (10–30%), feed moisture content (FMC) (15–21%), and barrel temperature (BT) (120–160°C). The proximate composition of the complementary food ranged from 9.25 to 12.36% moisture content, 7.82 to 14.04% protein, 2.1 to 3.28% ash, 1.13 to 3.93% fiber, 1.17 to 3.12% fat, 65.40 to 78.25% carbohydrate, and 338.42 to 354.86 kcal/100 g energy. The predominant minerals and antinutritional factors ranged from 2.40 to 10.37 mg/100 g, 58.70 to 146.26 mg/100 g, 0.8 to 4.74 mg/100 g, 113.21 to 325.00 mg/100 g, and 16.54 to 44.62 mg/100 g for Fe, Ca, Zn, phytate, and tannin, respectively. The blending ratio and extrusion parameters demonstrated significant (p &lt; 0.05) linear, quadratic, and interaction impacts on the physical and functional responses, according to analysis of variance (ANOVA). Mothers and caregivers largely approved all the trial porridges. The best blending and extrusion parameters, according to numerical optimization, were a BR of 28.2837%, FMC of 15.0007%, and BT of 120.001°C. The predicted responses for optimization were water solubility index (WSI) (32.4462 g/g), water absorption index (WAI) (3.69849%), viscosity (2016.47cP), protein (14.046%), and energy (348.034 kcal/100 g) with a desirability value of 0.856. This research leads us to believe that producing complementary meals with excellent nutritional value for developing nations may be achieved by evidence‐based selection of locally accessible plant‐based components.

Evaluation of Local Supplementary Feeding Program in Toddler Nutrition Recovery House (Pelita) in Kedung Banteng District, Tegal Regency

&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="left" valign="top"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;One approach taken to reduce the prevalence of stunting is by providing additional recovery food to malnourished toddlers. The Rumah Pelita supplementary food program has been running in Kedung Banteng District since 2020. In the implementation of the Rumah Pelita Program, there are still existing cases of stunting and the nutritional status of targets and there has never been an evaluation of the Rumah Pelita program. The aim of the research is to determine the evaluation of the supplementary feeding program made from local food in Kedungbanteng District, Tegal Regency in terms of input, process and output aspects. This research method is qualitative research which is descriptive and evaluative in nature. The research period is January-March 2023. The research was conducted in 5 villages in the Kedungbanteng Community Health Center area. The main informants were 1 nutrition officer and 5 village midwives, and triangulation informants were 5 Rumah Pelita cadres and 5 mothers of toddlers. Data collection used in-depth interviews, while the source triangulation method was used to validate the data. Research data analysis is data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of the research show that the number of cadres is still insufficient, and there are still villages that have not budgeted for equipment rental and transportation for cadres, there are deficiencies in reporting and recording and there are still toddlers who experience stunting. There needs to be integration of central and regional government policies regarding handling stunting in toddlers, so that there is a division of the budget for handling stunting. and it is recommended that health workers provide health education about stunting prevention and routinely monitor the development of toddlers. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Keyword: Stunting, Policy, Nutrition, Provision of supplementary food, Toddler&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;

Policy Strategies to Reduce Stunting Prevalence in Sawahlunto City

This study analyzes stunting reduction policy strategies in Sawahlunto City, one of the areas with the highest stunting prevalence in Indonesia. Stunting is a condition of low height of children according to their age, which can interfere with children's physical and mental development. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, research data were obtained from primary data from interviews and secondary data from documentation studies. Data is analyzed by source triangulation techniques, reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study show that the stunting reduction policy strategy is in the form of a healthy kitchen program to overcome stunting (Dashat), which aims to increase balanced nutrition intake for families at risk of stunting through the provision of healthy food sources, processing of nutritious supplementary foods, providing nutritional counseling and cooking training, as well as monitoring and evaluating the nutritional status of children. Nevertheless, this policy strategy has not been successful because.

Development of Nutritious Sprinkles from Chicken Feet and Mung Beans for Pregnant Women at Risk of Chronic Energy Deficiency

This research was aimed to develop the formulation of nutritious sprinkle made from chicken feet and mung beans and evaluate its nutritional and sensory quality. This pre-experimental study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The sensory evaluation showed that most of the panelists accepted all formulations. The most preferred formulation based on the ranking test was F2 (chicken feet flour:mung bean flour of 2:1), which is suggested for use in energy-dense food. The water and protein content of the new formulation met the standard of supplementary food for pregnant women at risk of chronic energy deficiency. It is also claimed that the formulation can be used as a high protein and high calcium food.