Supplementary Food Research Articles

OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS [ LINNAEUS, 1758] ITS BIOMEDICAL BENEFITS FOR CHILDREN’S

Nile Tilapia (Oreochromic niloticus) it is fresh water & estuarine species. By lipid test profile, Analytical method, Chromatography method, Enzyme method, It has pharmaceutical potential to prevent Polyunsaturated fatty acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin D etc. We found in Nile Tilapia have biomedical and nutraceutical products, Nile tilapia highly recommended for supplementary food for children.

Evaluation of USDA Foods Programs for households using nutrition guidelines for the charitable food system.

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Foods programs for households (i.e., The Emergency Food Assistance Program (TEFAP), the Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations (FDPIR), and the Commodity Supplemental Food Program (CSFP)) are designed to provide nutritious foods at no cost to income-eligible individuals in the U.S. To evaluate the nutritional quality of the foods available from three USDA Foods programs for households (i.e., TEFAP, FDPIR, and CSFP) according to the Healthy Eating Research (HER) Guidelines for the Charitable Food System. Review of the nutritional information of the foods available from USDA Foods programs for households. Using the HER Guidelines, foods were categorized into a three-tiered system (i.e., choose often/green; choose sometimes/yellow; choose rarely/red) based on levels of saturated fat, sodium, and added sugar per serving, and presence of whole grains. All unique foods available from TEFAP, FDPIR, and CSFP (N=152) for fiscal year 2022 were evaluated. Nutritional quality of the foods available from USDA Foods programs for households according to the HER Guidelines. Foods were ranked green, yellow, red, or not ranked. The proportion of foods in each HER Guidelines' rank was calculated across the three USDA Foods programs for households and by each program. The majority of USDA Foods were ranked green (57.2%) or yellow (35.5%). A small number of items were ranked red (3.3%) or were unranked condiments or cooking staples (3.9%). The USDA Foods available in the household programs were primarily fruits and vegetables; lean proteins; whole grains; and low-fat dairy products that were consistent with national dietary guidelines. There is some room for improvement, and adjustments in the specifications for certain items are recommended to further strengthen the nutritional value of the foods provided through these important federal programs.

Preparation, development, and scale-up of standardized pentacyclic triterpenoid-rich extract from Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. and study of its wound healing activity

This pilot-scale study of an innovative green extraction method shows increased biomarker content in plant extracts. Moreover, green extraction methods decrease the effects on the environment and human health and promote industrial growth. This study optimized the process conditions to obtain a pentacyclic triterpenoid-rich extract (PRE) from Centella asiatica (L.) Urb., which contains asiatic acid, madecassic acid, asiaticoside, and madecassoside, and evaluated its biological activities. PRE preparation was scaled up from laboratory to pilot scale. In the pilot scale, a combination of microwave-assisted extraction with an irradiation power of 4 kW and an ultrasonic-assisted extraction at 0.55 kW was used for C. asiatica extraction. The total pentacyclic triterpene content was 106.02 mg/g of crude extract. Then, the C. asiatica extract was fractionated by a macroporous resin (Diaion® HP-20). The PRE preparation method used 50% and 75% EtOH fractions. This PRE produced a high content of pentacyclic triterpenoids at 681.12 mg/g of crude extract. It presented a high anti-inflammatory effect with an IC50 value of 23.88 μg/mL for nitric oxide inhibition and induced wound healing processes (proliferation, migration, and collagen synthesis) in human dermal fibroblast cells. The information gained from this study can advance the industrial extraction of physiologically active substances from various plant sources for use as medicines or components of supplemental food and cosmeceutical products.

Youth Knowledge on the Utilization of Edible Insects as Food and Feed

The utilization of edible insects as food and feed is not a new concept, it is a practice that has been part of the tradition of many communities around the world. They have been primarily used as supplementary food in most African countries. However, there has been a significant decline in the consumption of insects over the years, especially among young people. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the knowledge on entomophagy and the utilization of insects among the youth. The study revealed that the majority of youth had limited knowledge about consumption, nutrition, harvesting, preparation and use of edible insects as livestock feed. From the Chi-square analysis it was observed that age and education level have a significant relationship to the familiarity of consumption of edible insects, P=0.014 and P=0.009 respectively. The results also show that there is a significant association between awareness on the nutritional value of insects with age and education level, P=0.001 and P=0.009 respectively. Logistic regression analysis was used to find the association between demographic characteristics, knowledge and the utilization of edible insects. The results revealed that education level, age and knowledge have an impact on the utilization of edible insects. Lack of knowledge contribute to the unwillingness of youth to consume insects. It is noticeable that indigenous knowledge on entomophagy is slowly disappearing with the shift in eating habits and changes in the socio-economic environments. As such, it is imperative that indigenous knowledge is preserved and educational interventions are done to raise awareness on the benefits of entomophagy in order to improve the utilization of insects among the youth.

The Effect Cucurbita Moschata Pudding on Weight Gain in Malnourished Toddlers In Indonesia

The food is given to the undernourished according to WHO standards is made from oil, sugar, milk, water, and flour. Fulfillment of Supplemental Foods can be made by yourself with a composition that contains energy and protein intake from ingredients that are easily obtained by the community at an affordable cost. Yellow pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata), one of the local functional food ingredients, is proven to have many health benefits. The type of research used was a quasi-experimental design non-equivalent control group. This study analyzed the effect of giving cucurbita moschata pudding on increasing the weight of undernourished toddlers. experiment, the results of observations are then controlled or compared with the results of observations in the control group that did not receive the program or intervention. Data were processed using the SPSS Version 21 program. The results using the Paired Sample T-Test showed a significant number between the intervention group and the control group with a significant value (2-tailed) p=0.000 <0.05. There is an effect of giving cucurbita moschata pudding on increasing the weight of malnourished babies. The results of the research can add to the knowledge and insight of parents to give Curbita Moschata Pudding as baby nutrition and to provide proper diet and parenting patterns for babies so that babies feel comfortable when eating.

The Effects of Refrigerated Storage of Donor Human Milk with Limited Bacterial Presence After Holder Pasteurization on Nutrient Concentration and Bacterial Growth.

Background: The Human Milk Banking Association of North America (HMBANA) sets the purity and quality standards for donor human milk (DHM) in the United States, which includes zero bacterial presence after Holder pasteurization. This study aimed to determine if nutrient and bacterial composition of DHM with limited bacterial presence after pasteurization change over 4 days of refrigerated storage. Methods: Twenty-five unique samples of DHM with limited bacterial growth postpasteurization were collected from two HMBANA milk banks. Infant formula was used as a comparison. Samples were stored in the refrigerator and a portion of milk was removed at 24-hour intervals beginning at hour 0 to 96 for analysis. Aerobic bacteria, protein, lactose, and immunoglobulin A (IgA) content were measured. Longitudinal changes between 0 and 96 hours were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and mixed models test. p < 0.05 was deemed significant. Results: There was no significant difference in lactose, protein, bacteria, or IgA content over storage duration (p = 0.649, p = 0.690, and p = 0.385, p = 0.805, respectively). Total aerobic bacteria were less than 102 colony-forming units (CFUs) in 81% of the time points tested for DHM samples. Total aerobic bacteria were too many to count (>300 CFUs) in the infant formula sample at all time points. Conclusion: In periods of high demand for DHM, DHM with low bacteria growth postpasteurization may be an option as a supplemental food for the growing number of healthy infants who receive DHM. Future studies should investigate the bacterial strains in this milk.

Training In Making Supplementary Foods and Stunting Prevention Education Through Android-Based “Anak Sehat” Digital Application at Kelurahan Petapahan, Lubuk Pakam Sub-District, Deli Serdang Regency

Training In Making Supplementary Foods and Stunting Prevention Education Through Android-Based “Anak Sehat” Digital Application at Kelurahan Petapahan, Lubuk Pakam Sub-District, Deli Serdang Regency

Effect of Supplementary Food Substitution of Sea Urchin Gonads (Diadema Setosum) on TSH Hormone, Height, and Weight of Stunted Toddlers in Soropia District

Stunting results in generational loss due to decreased ability to work productivity and IQ. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) plays an important role in the growth process, in chronic growth hormone deficiency conditions will spur the incidence of stunting. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of supplementary food formula substitution of sea urchin gonads (Diadema Setosum) on Thyroid hormone, height and weight of stunted toddlers in Soropia District. This experiment using RCT (Randomized Control Trial) design. The sample in this study were stunted toddlers in Soropia District. The formula uses a substitution of sea urchin gonads (Diadema Setosum) which is given in one portion of additional food. Additional food in the form of nuggets, sausages, bakwan. The formula is given for 3 months with a frequency of every day for 90 days. The Results to be achieved that the availability of supplementary food formulations substituting sea urchin gonads, nutritional content of supplementary food formulas, energy and protein consumption data, data on body height and thyroid hormone levels, body height and weight before and after supplementary food formulas

Effects of complementary food formulated from millet, soybean, and grasshopper on hematological parameters of malnourished weanling albino rats

Background: Malnutrition in under-five children remains an issue of public health, especially in low and middle-income countries, and is associated with inadequate child development and poor survival. Recent public health intervention strategies for malnourished children allow for localized targeted supplementation with locally available materials to replace the imported Ready-to-Use-Supplementary-Food (RUSF) for the target group. Aims: The aim of the study was to develop a local supplementary food and determine its effects on hematological parameters of weanling rats. Material and Methods: The experimental study involved thirty weanling albino rats, grouped into groups A, B, and C, each consisting of ten rats. All the groups were acclimatized for fourteen days, thereafter, groups A and B were induced with moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) by feeding with only corn starch for fourteen days. Weight, tail length, and hematological parameters (hemoglobin level, white blood cell count) of all the weanling albino rats were determined and recorded as baseline values on the fourteenth day. Therapeutic food made from millet, soybean, and grasshopper blends was produced and fed to group A as the intervention, Group B was fed with corn starch only and group C was fed on normal rat pellets for twenty-eight days. Weight, tail length, and hematological parameters were determined and recorded at the end of the intervention. Results: Experimental group A had the lowest packed cell volume (PCV) value with a difference of 2.20 ± 0.56 %, the lowest hemoglobin (Hb) level with a difference of 0.58 ± 0.02 g/dL, the control group had the highest PCV, Hb, and RBC with values of 4.10 ± 0.5 %, 1.58 ± 0.21 g/dL, and 0.9 ± 0.05 x 106 µ/L respectively. Conclusions: With the evidence provided by the parameters assessed in the study, it can be concluded that the developed therapeutic food is efficacious in the treatment of malnutrition especially in weanling albino rats. Keywords: Moderate Acute Malnutrition (MAM), Ready-to-Use-Supplementary-Food (RUSF) Malnutrition, Complementary feeding, Animal studies.

Victory Gardeners: Food and Gardening as part of a Healthy Lifestyle and Community

Healthy lifestyles, victory gardens, and Blue Zones are familiar terms to most, and each incorporates a holistic approach to human well-being. The therapeutic and nutritional benefits of gardening have long been recognized. After World War I, many service members were treated using horticulture therapy methods. During the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, many individuals and families turned to gardening as a source of supplemental food and physical and emotional wellness. The benefits of gardening, however, go beyond promoting physical health; they promote a healthful lifestyle. This is a holistic term which encompasses several dimensions of your life, including the spiritual, emotional, physical, intellectual, financial, social, and environmental dimensions (Lynch et al., 2021). This publication is a basic guide to incorporating gardening into your lifestyle including planning, planting, and harvesting considerations.

Education About the Provision of Supplementary Feeding to Toddler Mothers

Background: The most important phase in growth and development is infancy and toddlerhood because that is the most important time for parents to build a foundation for growth and development of their children. Nutrition is the most important part in the growth and development of toddlers which is closely related to health and intelligence. the purpose of this research is to know education about the provision of supplementary feeding to toddler mothers. Methods: Design of this research is quantitative with the Quasy Experimental One Group Pretest Posttest design. Giving education to mothers who have toddlers about how to provide supplementary food (PMT) for toddlers using booklets. Comparing the level of knowledge before and after being given education. Subjects were all toddler mothers in Perigi Village, Pulau Pinang District, Lahat District, totaling 75 people. The sampling technique was total sampling. Bivariate analysis was carried out by statistical tests using the Paired Samples T test. Results: showed that there was a significant difference, after counseling with booklet media on increasing knowledge about Supplemental Feeding (PMT) for mothers under five in Perigi village. The level of good knowledge before the intervention was 6 people (8%) and the level of good knowledge increased to 35 people (46.8%). The use of Booklet media is proven to increase the level of knowledge. Booklets are made attractively so that mothers can easily study at home independently. Conclusion: The benefits increasing the knowledge of toddler mothers about supplementary feeding (PMT) for toddlers. With increased knowledge about supplementary feeding (PMT), it is hoped that mothers can change their behavior in preparing food for toddlers.

Formulation of fortified instant weaning food from Musa paradisiaca (banana) and Eleusine coracana.

Weaning food is a soft, easily digestible type of food other than breast milk for infants aged 6 to 24 months. The present study was conducted to develop cereal-fruit-based complementary foods for infants and evaluate the nutritional quality of such types of foods. Few researchers have focused on formulating weaning foods from locally available, nutritious, and rich ingredients without nutrient loss to reduce malnutrition and infant morbidity rates. In this study, the formulated infant food was prepared from Musa paradisiaca (Nendran banana) and Eleusine coracana (ragi). Formulated weaning food was analyzed using various standard methods, demonstrating that it could provide adequate nutrients to growing infants for their proper growth and development. The shelf life of the weaning food was also studied for a period of 3 months at ambient conditions in two different packaging materials: aluminum and plastic (low-density polyethylene or LDPE), with the aluminum foil pouch exhibiting the best shelf life. This ready-to-serve food, which is formulated and fortified with natural ingredients containing essential macronutrients and micronutrients, could be regarded as highly effective supplementary food for infants. Furthermore, this development has the potential to introduce an affordable weaning product specifically targeted at low socioeconomic groups.

Breastfeeding environment and experiences at the workplace among health workers in the Upper East Region of Ghana

BackgroundEmployed mothers have lower rates of breastfeeding, including health workers who are supposed to be advocates for breastfeeding. These working mothers need a supportive workplace environment to breastfeed, yet Ghana’s breastfeeding policy neither mentions the workplace breastfeeding environment nor offers any information on it.MethodsA convergent parallel mixed-methods design was used in this study to determine: facilities with a complete breastfeeding support environment (BFSE); breastfeeding challenges experienced; coping strategies and motivators for breastfeeding among health workers in the Upper East Region of Ghana; and Management’s awareness of the need for an institutional breastfeeding support policy. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis respectively. The research was conducted from January to April 2020.ResultsAll facilities (39) had incomplete BFSE and management representatives of health facilities (39) did not have and were not aware that their respective facilities needed to have a specific workplace breastfeeding policy that fed into the national policy agenda. Breastfeeding challenges at workplaces included: lack of private space for breastfeeding; inadequate support from co-workers and management; emotional stress; and inadequate breastfeeding breaks and work options. Women adapted to these challenges by employing coping strategies such as: bringing children to work with / without caretakers; leaving children at home; seeking support from co-workers and family members; feeding children with supplementary foods; adding annual leave to maternity leave; breastfeeding in cars / offices; and sending children to daycare. Interestingly, the women were still motivated to breastfeed. Health benefits of breastmilk, the convenience and readily available nature of breastmilk, moral obligation to breastfeed, and cheap cost of breastmilk emerged as key motivators to breastfeed.ConclusionOur findings suggest that health workers have poor BFSE and are faced with numerous breastfeeding challenges. There is a need for programs that improve BFSE in health facilities.

Aktualisasi Pengurangan Stunting Balita Melalui Sosialisasi Dan Pemberian Makanan Tambahan (PMT) Di Desa Mentor Kabupaten Probolinggo

One of the efforts that can be made in order to reduce the stunting rate that occurs in toddlers is through the provision of supplementary food (PMT). Stunting is a problem related to nutrition caused by a lack of fulfillment of nutritional needs due to inadequate food intake. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide socialization regarding the provision of supplementary food (PMT) for toddlers. The target of this activity is as many as 50 mothers and their toddlers who fall into the stunting category in Mentor Villages who are selected based on data from village midwives in each hamlet. Several menus were distributed during the Socialization of Additional Menus (PMT), including Moringa leaf pudding, pumpkin pudding, dragon fruit creamy jelly, chicken martabak, and chicken dumplings. The research method used in this study went through 4 stages, namely observation, planning, outreach and evaluation. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire method in the form of a pre-test. The sampling results show that 1.) the majority of mothers have paid attention to the nutritional composition of toddlers, 2) the majority of mothers are still not consistent in paying attention to the amount and type of food ingredients given to toddlers, 3) the majority of mothers under five are able to make varied and interesting food for consumption by toddlers, but not routinely done every day, 4) the majority of mothers have paid attention to their children's food patterns on a daily basis, 5) the majority of mothers have carried out good supervision and assistance in terms of food for their children his son.&#x0D;

Synergism of a mixed diet of Myzus persicae and egg of Ephestia kuehniella on fitness of the predator Nabis stenoferus

Nabis stenoferus is a zoophytophagous predator that lives in grasslands around agricultural fields. It is a candidate biological control agent for use via augmentation or conservation. To find a suitable food source for mass-rearing and to better understand this predator’s biology, we compared the life history characteristics of N. stenoferus under the three different diets: aphids only (Myzus persicae), moth eggs only (Ephestia kuehniella), or a mixed diet of aphids and moth eggs. Interestingly, when only aphids were supplied, N. stenoferus developed to the adult stage but lacked normal levels of fecundity. There was a significant synergism of the mixed diet on N. stenoferus fitness in both the immature and adult stages, i.e., a 13% reduction in the nymphal developmental period and an 87.3-fold increase in fecundity, compared to aphid-only diet. Furthermore, the intrinsic rate of increase was significantly higher for the mixed diet (0.139) than either aphids only (0.022) or moth eggs only (0.097). These results show that M. persicae alone is not a complete diet for the mass-rearing of N. stenoferus, whereas this aphid can be a supplementary food when combined with E. kuehniella eggs. Implications and applications of these findings for biological control are discussed.

Effectiveness of Nutrition Education Through Media Booklets About Provision of Supplementary Food (PMT) in Wasting Toddlers

Wasting is a nutritional problem that often occurs in Indonesia. Handling the problem of wasting can be done in many ways, one of which is to carry out nutrition education that is right on target. Community service activities aim to provide knowledge about the effectiveness of supplementary feeding (PMT) in dealing with wasting problems in the form of educational media, namely the pocketbook "Booklet". The method carried out is nutrition education in the form of counseling using printed media "Booklet" which can be used as a daily guide. Providing material in the form of lectures, discussions, and questions and answers related to the material. The results showing of the activities carried out, it was found that many of the participants enthusiastically received the material presented and appreciated the pocketbook that was given. Nutrition education in the form of educative media-based counseling which is important to do, in addition to the program targets getting nutritional knowledge, the targets will also receive guidelines that can be used as a reference for the administration of supplementary feeding (PMT) for wasting toddlers. This is certainly expected to help overcome and reduce waste incidents in the surrounding area

Providing Complete Basic Immunization and Supplementary Food for Infants and Toddlers

One basic immunization type in Indonesia is DPTHBHib immunization, targeting infants or children aged two to eleven months. DPTHBHib immunization must be given to children to avoid Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Hepatitis B, and Haemophilus influenzae type b, which can cause death in children. The vaccination was carried out 3 times at 2 months, 3 months, and 4 months. Since the Covid-19 pandemic, the participation of mothers with toddlers has decreased, especially in the Pondok Jaya Village, Cipayung sub-district, Depok City. Therefore, to support the implementation of Immunization by the Government, it is felt necessary to hold community service for Providing Complete Basic Immunization and Supplementary Food to Infants and Toddlers at Posyandu Delima RW 02 Kel Pondok Jaya Kec Cipayung Depok City in 2022. The results of this community service activity were carried out well and appreciated by the local community. As many as 6 mothers who have babies and toddlers attend posyandu activities.

Consumption Compliance Supplementary Food Biscuits for Pregnant Women in Banda Aceh, Indonesia

One of the intervention programs to improve the nutrition of pregnant women is supplementary feeding (PMT). The nutritional problem of pregnant women that is often found in the community is the lack of intake of macronutrients and micronutrients. The method used in this study was a sequential mixed method with a sequential explanatory design. The results of this study were the percentage of consumption of MT biscuits by 5 pregnant women with KEK who consumed ≥ 80%. The perception of pregnant women about the severity of chronic energy deficiency (CED) health problems with an arm circumference of less than 23.5 cm is not a health problem that is dangerous for pregnant women. Understanding of PMT biscuit consumption instructions from officers is still lacking. There is no social support in the implementation of PMT for pregnant women from KEK. The availability of PMT for pregnant women from KEK has not been fulfilled in accordance with applicable regulations.

A Review on The Improvement of Extruded Food Processing Equipment: Extrusion Cooking in Food Processing

The extrusion technique, which combines mixing, shaping, texturing, and heating to create a unique food product, is gaining popularity in the worldwide agro-food processing sector. Extrusion cooking is a high-temperature, short-time (HTST) method that kills bacteria and inactivates enzymes. Compared to conventional cooking, extrusion cooking is favored because of its high productivity and substantial nutrient retention. Extrusion technology has become an essential tool in the food processing industry with its various benefits over other processing methods. It is a low-cost approach that provides a platform for processing a variety of items from several food categories by altering major or minor components and processing conditions. Extrusion technique is used in the food sector to create a wide range of supplemental foods, pet foods, morning cereals, pasta, snacks, and other textured foods. It's a low-cost method of reintroducing food processing waste and by-products into the food supply. Extrusion technology's flexibility allows for the production of value-added products and nutritionally dense fortified goods using various low-cost raw ingredients. Extruded goods are microbiologically safe, have a longer shelf life, and have less moisture content. This technology's advantages include product diversity and excellent quality and new food productivity and low processing time.

Fatty Liver Disease and Food Insecurity: Excess in Scarcity.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is widely prevalent in the U.S and is the primary cause of chronic liver disease. Existing evidence shows that food insecurity may be an independent risk factor for fatty liver disease and is associated with poor health outcomes. Understanding the role of food insecurity in these patients can help develop mitigation strategies to address the growing prevalence of NAFLD. Food insecurity is associated with increased overall mortality and health care utilization among patients with NAFLD and advanced fibrosis. Individuals from low-income households with diabetes and obesity are particularly susceptible. Trends in prevalence of NAFLD mirror that of obesity and other cardiometabolic risk factors. Several studies in both adult and adolescent population have described an independent association between food insecurity and NAFLD. Concentrated efforts to lessen food insecurity may improve health outcomes in this group of patients. High-risk patients with NAFLD should be linked with local and federal supplemental food assistance programs. Programs directed at addressing NAFLD-related mortality and morbidity should focus on improving food quality, access to these foods, and promote healthy eating habits.