Supplement Intake Research Articles

Effect of dry extract from Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture with selenium-containing amino acids on the productivity and chemical composition of meat of broiler chickens

Introduction of biologically active supplements to the diet of poultry results in maximal use of nutrients and positively influences the live weight and slaughter parameters. This promotes rational and economical use of fodders and boosts the poultry productivity. We studied a mineral feed supplement – an organic selenium compound, which has a much greater bioavailability than inorganic sources of selenium. Selenomethionine is easily digested in the organism and effectively used for synthesis of proteins. Broiler chickens of the experimental group that had been consuming the selenoamino-acid feed additive had greater live weight at the age of 14–42 days, compared with the control. Intake of the mineral supplement by the broiler chickens in the experimental group increased their mean daily increment by 8.5% and the absolute increment by 8.6%, compared with the control peers. In the experimental group of broilers, the mineral supplement increased the pre-slaughter live weight by 8.4%, weight of intact carcass by 10.1%. Also, the weight of the semi-processed carcasses (i.e. those with removed intestines and cloaca, filled crop, oviduct and ovary (in female specimens) increased by 4.3%, and the weight of the processed carcasses (the internal organs and abdominal-cavity fat and esophagus of which were removed, without head, legs and wing metacarpals) increased by 8.0%, compared with the control group of broilers. In the experimental group, the feed supplement gave 13.7% rise in the weight of the breast muscles and 14.5% increase in the weight of the thigh muscles, compared with the control group. Intake of this supplement in the experimental group promoted 7.5% increase in the weight of the gizzard by and 9.2% increase in the weight of the duodenum, as compared with the control. Usage of the selenoamino-acid feed supplement increased the protein concentration in the breast muscles of the broiler chickens by 1.9%, compared with the control. Intake of the mineral supplement increased the amounts of dry matter and fat in the thigh muscles of the experimental group, compared with the control group. Therefore, adding dry yeast extract to diet of broilers together with selenium-containing amino acids is a promising method of increasing the effectiveness of poultry farming.

The association between diet quality index-international and inflammatory markers in Iranian overweight and obese women.

The present study was conducted to evaluate whether there is a link between the diet quality index (DQI) and markers of systemic inflammation in Iranian overweight and obese women. This cross-sectional study included 200 Iranian overweight and obese women aged 18-48 years. The DQI-international (DQI-I) comprises four main components: variety, adequacy, moderation, and overall balance. Blood samples were collected in a fasted state to measure inflammatory markers. After adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, total energy intake, economic status, education, supplement intake, age of starting obesity, and history of body mass loss, a marginally significant negative association was observed between the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and the DQI-I (β: -0.015, 95% CI: -0.03, 0.000; p = 0.061). The results after adjustment showed that DQI-I has a negative association with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentrations (β: -0.031, 95% CI: -0.104, -0.031; p = 0.023). Furthermore, negative associations were observed between the adequacy component and levels of HOMA-IR (β: -0.025, 95% CI: -0.100, 0.047, p = 0.050) and hs-CRP (β: -0.615, 95% CI: -1.191, -0.020; p = 0.045). In addition, negative associations were found between transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and balance score (β: -6.270, 95% CI: -39.211, -3.661, p = 0.020), as well as HOMA-IR (β: -0.080, 95% CI: -0.202, -0.000, p = 0.041) and chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) (β: -0.562, 95% CI: -11.414, -0.282, p = 0.021), with the various component. A marginally significant negative association between galectin 3 (Gal-3) and moderation score (β: -0.451, 95% CI: -1.171, 0.060, p = 0.060) was found. In addition, a marginally significant inverse association was also established between hs-CRP and variety score (β: -0.311, 95% CI: -0.970, 0.001, p = 0.052). The Receiver Operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that DQI-I might better predict HOMA-IR with a cut point of 3.13 (AUC = 0.698, 0.511-0.699, p = 0.050). These findings showed that a higher adherence to diet quality and its components could probably be related to lowering the inflammatory markers considerably in overweight and obese women.

Senior citizens' Vitamin D supplements intake: Evidence from Denmark.

Several public interventions have been designed in recent years to urge the intake of vitamin D supplements among the senior population to avoid the direct and indirect consequences associated with vitamin D deficiency. However, the effectiveness of these public campaigns remains quite limited. In an online survey, the current study investigates the attitudes towards vitamin D supplements intake and associated behaviours in a representative sample of Danish senior citizens (N=554), i.e., individuals aged 55 years and above. Approximately half of the sample reported taking vitamin D supplements in the preceding year. Furthermore, being male and having a positive perception of individuals' own health status increased the probability of being a non-user. Increasing confidence in the information provided by health authorities (such as medical doctors and pharmacies), is particularly critical for enhancing the likelihood of non-users to purchase vitamin D supplements. However, also encouraging the uptake of vitamin D supplements in specialized supermarkets with stands and promotions seems an appealing and practical solution to increase seniors' uptake of vitamin D supplements. The present study outlines the characteristics of the senior Danish non-users of vitamin D supplements. Additionally, the research provides information on the strategies that could be applied by public organizations to foster vitamin D supplements intake among this target segment of the population. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Vitamin D and Calcium Supplement Use and High-Risk Breast Cancer: A Case-Control Study among BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers.

The role of vitamin D and calcium use in the development of breast cancer among women in the general population is not clear. Furthermore, whether vitamin D and calcium supplement use are associated with breast cancer in high-risk populations has not been evaluated. Thus, we evaluated the association between vitamin D and/or calcium supplement use and breast cancer among women with a pathogenic variant (mutation) in BRCA1 or BRCA2. BRCA mutation carriers enrolled in a longitudinal study were invited to complete a supplemental questionnaire on lifetime supplement use. Cases included women with a prevalent diagnosis of invasive breast cancer, and controls had no history of breast cancer. Vitamin D and calcium use were categorized as never/ever use, and as tertiles of supplement intake (total average daily supplement use). Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of breast cancer. This study included 134 breast cancer cases and 276 controls. Women who used vitamin D-containing supplements had 46% lower odds of having breast cancer compared to those who never used supplements (OR 0.54; 95% CI 0.31, 0.91; p = 0.02). Increasing vitamin D and calcium supplement intake was inversely associated with the odds of having breast cancer (p-trend = 0.04). Findings were suggestively stronger among BRCA1 mutation carriers; however, analyses were limited by small strata. These findings suggest a potential inverse association between vitamin D and calcium supplementation and BRCA breast cancer. Additional studies are warranted to confirm these findings and accurately inform clinical care guidelines.

Role of nutritional supplements on oral health in adults - A systematic review.

Purpose: The word 'diet' usually encompasses the consumption of food that includes all the necessary nutrients required for the optimal functioning of the body. Nutritional supplements hold a supreme position due to the demanding lifestyles or medical conditions in this current era. Although medical literature has sufficient evidence exploring the effect of nutrients on general health, this systematic review aimed at specifically evaluating the role of nutritional supplements on oral health in adults. Methods: PRISMA guidelines were followed in conducting this systematic review where four electronic databases including Scopus, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were reviewed. Based on the inclusion criteria, four studies exploring the effect of oral nutritional supplements on oral health among the adult population were included in this systematic review. Results: This review generated evidence suggesting a positive effect of nutritional supplements on oral health. These findings were depicted in the form of a reduction in plaque scores, probing depths, gingival inflammation, and greater improvement in periodontal healing among individuals with higher intakes of nutritional supplements within recommended doses. Conclusions: The systematic review outlines the positive impact of consuming nutritional supplements in the recommended dosage on oral health.Additionally, this review stresses the necessity for interventional studies to further investigate the effects of nutritional supplements on oral health, particularly in regard to periodontal healing. PROSPERO registration: CRD42021287797 (27/11/2021).

Traffic-related air pollution and supplemental folic acid intake in relation to DNA methylation in granulosa cells

BackgroundHigher exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) is related to lower fertility, with specific adverse effects on the ovary. Folic acid may attenuate these effects. Our goal was to explore the relation of TRAP exposure and supplemental folic acid intake with epigenetic aging and CpG-specific DNA methylation (DNAm) in granulosa cells (GC). Our study included 61 women undergoing ovarian stimulation at a fertility center (2005–2015). DNAm levels were profiled in GC using the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip. TRAP was defined using a spatiotemporal model to estimate residence-based nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure. Supplemental folic acid intake was measured with a validated food frequency questionnaire. We used linear regression to evaluate whether NO2 or supplemental folic acid was associated with epigenetic age acceleration according to the Pan-tissue, mural GC, and GrimAge clocks or DNAm across the genome adjusting for potential confounders and accounting for multiple testing with a false discovery rate < 0.1.ResultsThere were no associations between NO2 or supplemental folic acid intake and epigenetic age acceleration of GC. NO2 and supplemental folic acid were associated with 9 and 11 differentially methylated CpG sites. Among these CpGs, only cg07287107 exhibited a significant interaction (p-value = 0.037). In women with low supplemental folic acid, high NO2 exposure was associated with 1.7% higher DNAm. There was no association between NO2 and DNAm in women with high supplemental folic acid. The genes annotated to the top 250 NO2-associated CpGs were enriched for carbohydrate and protein metabolism, postsynaptic potential and dendrite development, and membrane components and exocytosis. The genes annotated to the top 250 supplemental folic acid-associated CpGs were enriched for estrous cycle, learning, cognition, synaptic organization and transmission, and size and composition of neuronal cell bodies.ConclusionsWe found no associations between NO2, supplemental folic acid, and DNAm age acceleration of GC. However, there were 20 differentially methylated CpGs and multiple enriched GO terms associated with both exposures suggesting that differences in GC DNAm could be a plausible mechanism underlying the effects of TRAP and supplemental folic acid on ovarian function.

Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common non-communicable diseases, causing a high mortality rate globally. Vitamin D deficiency has been reported as a rising pandemic. Vitamin D levels have been found to be associated with obesity and insulin resistance. However, there is not much research done to study the various factors associated with the association between vitamin D levels and diabetes mellitus in the Indian population. Objective The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in T2DM patients and find the factors associated with vitamin D levels among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Materials and methods A cross-sectional analytical study was planned and done in the Urban Health Training Centre of Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College. The sample size was calculated using published data on prevalence. Data from 116 T2DM patients were collected using a questionnaire about their socio-economic status, dietary patterns, outdoor activities, exercise, drug and supplement intake, occupation, and symptoms, which was filled out by the participants after written informed consent. Levels of serum vitamin D were estimated from the blood samples taken from the participants. Statistical analysis was done using MedCalc software. Results Vitamin D deficiency was found in 86 (74.14%) out of 116 diabetic patients. There were 63 males, and 71.43% of them had lower-than-normal vitamin D levels. The number of female participants was 53, and 77.36% were found to suffer from vitamin D deficiency. There were 88 obese participants, and only 22.73% were found to have sufficient levels of vitamin D. Conclusion The results depict a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Regular supplementation of vitamin D for diabetic patients can prevent them from developing any further complications. Increasing awareness about a healthy lifestyle, a proper diet, adequate sunlight, and exercise can help keep most non-communicable diseases at bay. Additional studies should be done to understand the pathophysiology better, which can aid in preventing diseases in the beginning stages of development.

Effects of a ready-to-drink thermogenic beverage on resting energy expenditure, hemodynamic function, and subjective outcomes.

Thermogenic supplements are often consumed by individuals seeking to improve energy levels and reduce body fat. These supplements are sold in powdered or ready-to-drink (RTD) forms and consist of a blend of ingredients such as caffeine, green tea extract, and other botanical compounds. While there is evidence that thermogenic supplements can positively affect resting energy expenditure (REE), the effect varies based on the combination of active ingredients. Additionally, there is some concern that thermogenic supplements may cause unwanted side effects on hemodynamic variables, like heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP). Therefore, further investigation into the efficacy and safety of commercially available products is warranted. Twenty-eight individuals (14 F, 14 M; age: 23.3 ± 3.9 yrs; height: 169.4 ± 8.6 cm; body mass: 73.3 ± 13.1 kg) completed two visits in a randomized, double-blind, crossover fashion. Each visit began with baseline REE, HR, and BP assessments, which were followed by ingestion of an active RTD thermogenic beverage (RTD; OxyShred Ultra Energy) or placebo (PL). Assessments were repeated at the intervals of 35-50- and 85-100-minutes post-ingestion. In addition, subjective outcomes of energy, focus, concentration, alertness, and mood were collected five times throughout each visit. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was performed with condition and time specified as within-subjects factors and sex and resistance training (RT) status as between-subjects factors. Statistical significance was accepted at p < 0.05. A significant condition × time interaction was observed for REE (p < 0.001). Higher REE values were demonstrated at 35-50 min (0.08 ± 0.02 kcal/min; p = 0.001; 5.2% difference) and 85-100 min (0.08 ± 0.02 kcal/min; p = 0.001; 5.5% difference) after RTD ingestion as compared to PL. No significant condition × time interactions were observed for respiratory quotient, HR, or BP. Condition main effects indicated lower HR (3.0 ± 0.9 bpm; p = 0.003), higher SBP (3.5 ± 1.1 mm Hg; p = 0.003) and higher DBP (3.5 ± 0.9 mm Hg; p < 0.001) in RTD as compared to PL, irrespective of time. Condition × time interactions were observed for all subjective outcomes (p ≤ 0.02). Post hoc tests indicated statistically significant benefits of the RTD over PL for energy, focus, concentration, and alertness, without significant differences for mood after correction for multiple comparisons. Sex and RT status were not involved in interactions for any outcomes, except for a Sex × RT status interaction for energy, indicating higher energy ratings in non-resistance-trained vs. resistance-trained males. These data suggest that acute ingestion of a thermogenic RTD beverage significantly increases REE, and this elevated caloric expenditure is sustained for at least 100 minutes following ingestion. Furthermore, the RTD beverage increased measures of energy, focus, concentration, and alertness as compared to placebo. While minor differences in hemodynamic variables were observed between conditions, all values stayed within normal ranges. Individuals aiming to increase energy expenditure may benefit from acute ingestion of an RTD thermogenic supplement.

Knowledge and eating habits of CrossFit trainees

Introduction. Achieving high performance in sports is the result of many factors, both exo and endogenous. Proper nutrition is the basis of the so-called healthy lifestyle, health care and prevention of diet-related diseases. Physical activity is an extremely important component and carries a number of benefits that affect mental, physical and social well-being. Failure to provide sufficient energy, can lead to decreased performance, delayed recovery processes or loss of muscle mass. The purpose of the study was to assess the knowledge and nutritional habits of CrossFit trainees.&#x0D; Material and methods. 131 people were surveyed; the questionnaire was posted on the CrossFit Poland forum. The survey was voluntary and anonymous. The results were collected in a database in Microsoft Excel 2010 MS Office Package and statistically analyzed using Statistica 12. In the statistical evaluation of the relationship between characteristics, a significance level of p ≤ 0.05 was adopted. Results. In a survey of the knowledge and eating habits of CrossFit trainees, about 50% of respondents declare that they eat regularly. In addition, 50.5% state a moderate level of knowledge about healthy eating, while 33% state a high level. There is a high incidence of dietary supplement intake, accounting for 78.5%. As the frequency of training increases, the amount of supplements consumed increases. Conclusions. A significant part of the study group declares a very good or moderate level of knowledge of rational nutrition, which influences the choice of and regularity of the meals consumed in this group of Crossfit trainers.

Solid supplementation and energy sources for grazing beef cattle: digestion and metabolism

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the influence of different forms and energy sources for energy protein supplementation for grazing cattle on nutrient intake digestibility, ruminal fermentation, microbial protein synthesis, nitrogen utilisation, urea and creatinine metabolism. Five rumen cannulated crossbred steers were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square experiment design of 21-d periods. Steers were randomly designated to one treatment sequence: BSES (bran sorghum energy supplement); BCES (bran corn energy supplement); BPFES (bran protect fat energy supplement); SBES (solid block energy supplement); SMES (solid molasses energy supplementation). Animals were individually allocated in paddocks covered with Urochloa brizantha and were offered a concentrate at 400 g/100 kg of LW. Steers fed with bran supplements had higher supplement intake and total digestible nutrients compared to steers fed with solid supplements. The animals that received starch-based energy source in supplements had lower concentration of acetate and total volatile fatty acids compared to steers supplemented with protected fat source. Steers fed solid supplements had higher nitrogen excretion compared to steers fed bran supplements. The bran supplements were superior to solid alternatives. Addition of protected fat positively influenced the digestion of grazing beef cattle.

Longitudinal self-learning of individualized treatment rules in a nutrient supplementation trial with missing data.

Longitudinal outcomes are prevalent in clinical studies, where the presence of missing data may make the statistical learning of individualized treatment rules (ITRs) a much more challenging task. We analyzed a longitudinal calcium supplementation trial in the ELEMENT Project and established a novel ITR to reduce the risk of adverse outcomes of lead exposure on child growth and development. Lead exposure, particularly in the form of in utero exposure, can seriously impair children's health, especially their cognitive and neurobehavioral development, which necessitates clinical interventions such as calcium supplementation intake during pregnancy. Using the longitudinal outcomes from a randomized clinical trial of calcium supplementation, we developed a new ITR for daily calcium intake during pregnancy to mitigate persistent lead exposure in children at age 3 years. To overcome the technical challenges posed by missing data, we illustrate a new learning approach, termed longitudinal self-learning (LS-learning), that utilizes longitudinal measurements of child's blood lead concentration in the derivation of ITR. Our LS-learning method relies on a temporally weighted self-learning paradigm to synergize serially correlated training data sources. The resulting ITR is the first of this kind in precision nutrition that will contribute to the reduction of expected blood lead concentration in children aged 0-3 years should this ITR be implemented to the entire study population of pregnant women.

159 Evaluation of Supplemental Feeding Behavior and Growth Performance in Katahdin Lambs Divergently Selected for Fecal Egg Count Estimated Breeding Value

Abstract Nutritional supplementation and genetic selection are potential methods to mitigate the impact of parasitism in sheep. Understanding feeding behavior of growing lambs divergently selected for parasite resistance using the fecal egg count (FEC) estimated breeding value (EBV) may help quantify the impact of supplementation and genetic selection on parasitism. The C-Lock, Inc Super SmartFeed system (feeder) allows measurement of individual lamb feed intake. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of FEC EBV selection on daily supplemental intake, average daily gain (ADG), supplemental feed:gain (S:G), frequency of feeder visits, and FEC. Over two years (Y1, Y2), Katahdin lambs divergently selected for FEC EBV (Y1: LowFEC, n = 27; HighFEC, n = 24. Y2: LowFEC, n = 37; HighFEC, n = 40) were fed for 8 weeks in Y1 and 5 weeks in Y2 at the Southwest Virginia Agricultural Research and Extension Center. Pasture-raised lambs were supplemented with a concentrate pellet (16% CP) ad libitum using the feeder with free choice hay in a dry lot post-weaning. Data analyses were performed by sampling period which was approximately every two weeks. Statistical analyses were performed using PROC Mixed SAS (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). In Y1, LowFEC lambs had less average FEC than HighFEC lambs (405.25 vs. 771.23 epg; P &amp;lt; 0.05). LowFEC lambs in Y2 tended to have less average FEC compared with HighFEC lambs (1,191.75 vs. 2,028.30 epg; P = 0.1). In Y1, LowFEC lambs had greater intake compared with HighFEC lambs (1.45 vs. 1.27 kg; P &amp;lt; 0.05). LowFEC lambs tended to have greater intake in Y2 (1.64 vs. 1.16 kg; P = 0.1). While ADG was not affected by FEC EBV type in Y1 (P &amp;gt; 0.70), LowFEC lambs in Y2 had increased ADG compared with HighFEC lambs (0.27 kg vs. 0.21 kg; P = 0.05). In both years, LowFEC lambs had numerically greater S:G compared with HighFEC lambs, but these differences were not significant (P &amp;gt; 0.1) due to greater variation around these means. Over both years, the number of feeder visits did not differ between LowFEC and HighFEC lambs (P &amp;gt; 0.1). Selection of sires for LowFEC EBV resulted in progeny with less FEC that had increased supplemental intake, but no difference in S:G compared with HighFEC progeny. In addition to improvements in parasite resistance, selection for FEC EBV may impact lamb feeding behavior in the post-weaning period.

Metabolic markers of short and long-term exogenous DL-beta-hydroxybutyrate supplementation in episodic migraine patients: an exploratory analysis of a randomized-controlled-trial.

Background: Emerging findings propose that the pathophysiology of migraine may be associated with dysfunctional metabolic mechanisms. Recent findings suggest that migraine attacks are a response to the cerebral energy deficit, and ingestion of ketone bodies stabilizes the generation of a migraine attack. Based on these findings, ketone body supplementation is postulated as a prophylactic treatment approach to restore cerebral metabolism deficiency. Metabolic markers are unexplored after exogenous ketone body supplementation in episodic migraineurs. Therefore, the present single-arm uncontrolled explorative analysis evaluated blood ketone body and glucose concentration after short and long-term 6g exogenous DL-Mg-Ca-beta-hydroxybutyrate (DL-βHB) supplementation. Methods: The presented data are part of the MigraKet randomized-control cross-over clinical trial of 41 episodic migraineurs (Number NCT03132233). Patients were given a single dose of 6g DL-βHB. Ketone body and glucose blood concentration were assessed before intake, 20, and 40min after DL-βHB intake. Ketone body, glucose concentration and glycated hemoglobin values were evaluated after 12weeks of 18g DL-βHB ingestion (total dose), taken three times daily (6g/dose; 3x/day). Linear models explored the association between the ketone body and glucose levels. Results: Ketone body concentration increased within-group to a mean of 0.46 (0.30) mmol/L after 40min post- DL-βHB supplementation [estimate = 0.24mmol/L, CI = (0.20.0.27), p < 0.01]. This within-group increase of ketone body concentration did not change after repeated daily intake of DL-βHB supplementation over 12weeks [estimate = 0.00mmol/L, CI = (-0.03.0.04), p = 0.794]. DL-βHB intake significantly reduced blood glucose concentration within-group from a mean baseline of 4.91 (0.42) mmol/L to 4.75 (0.47) mmol/L 40min post-DL-βHB supplementation [estimate = -0.16mmol/L, CI = (-0.15, 0.03), p < 0.01]. Repeated DL-βHB supplementation for 12weeks showed no change within-group in acute ketone bodies concentration [estimate = 0.00mmol/L, CI = (-0.03.0.04), p = 0.794] and in the HbA1c value [estimate = 0.02, CI = (-0.07.0.11), p = 0.69]. Conclusion: A single dose of 6g DL-βHB significantly elevated blood ketone bodies and decreased blood glucose concentration within-group in episodic migraineurs. Long-term DL-βHB supplementation for 12weeks showed no effect within-group on acute ketone body concentration and had not impact on HbA1c. The elevation of the ketone body concentration was moderate, indicating that nutritional ketosis was not reached. Therefore, a dose higher than 6g of DL-βHB is required to reach the nutritional level of ketosis. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03132233.

152 Impact of Early Life Nutrition and Supplementation of a Yeast Derived Product in Growth and Development of Beef Calves

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the impact of a yeast-derived product (Celmanax; Church &amp; Dwight Co., Inc.; Princeton, NJ) supplementation on performance of beef calves during the backgrounding phase. A total of 44 male castrated beef calves [249 ± 31 kg body weight (BW), 296 ±8 days of age], were stratified by BW and randomly assigned to one of two treatments: supplementation of kg-1calf-1d of corn gluten feed (Control; n = 22); or supplementation of kg∙animal-1∙day-1 of corn gluten feed and 14 g∙animal-1∙day-1 (as fed-basis) of a yeast derived product (Treatment, CEL; n = 22). Steer calves received their treatment for 30 days, using an automated feeding system (SmartFeed PRO, C-Lock Inc., Rapid City, SD). Four automated feeders allowed each group to have access to their specific diet, while being managed as a single group during the total duration of the experiment, and daily individual animal supplement intake were recorded. Before the beginning of the experimental period, calves were trained to use the automated feeding system for 30 days. Steer calves also had ad libitum access to a fescue pasture and grass hay. Body weight was measured every 14 days using a livestock scale. At day 30, calves were loaded into a commercial livestock trailer and transported to a feedlot for a total of 6 hours. Feed samples were collected every week, dried to measure dry matter content, and kept for further nutritional composition chemical analyses. Individual daily intake of supplement was similar between treatments (0.82 ± 0.06 and 0.9 ± 0.07 kg/d for CEL and Control, respectively; P = 0.36). Average daily gain (ADG) showed no difference between treatments (0.57 ± 0.05 and 0.61 ± 0.05 kg/d for CEL and Control, respectively; P = 0.59), reaching the same final body weight (256 ± 6.73 kg for CEL and Control; P = 0.98). Body weight loss during transportation (12.6 ± 0.87 kg and 12.4 ± 0.85 kg for CEL and Control, respectively; P = 0.9) was not different between treatments, reaching normal values for that length of transportation. In conclusion, supplementation of a yeast-derived product during 30 days before transportation did not cause any changes in performance of backgrounded beef steer calves.

Features of a Balanced Healthy Diet With Cardiovascular and Other Benefits.

Cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death globally. Besides lack of exercise, obesity, smoking, and other risk factors, poor nutrition and unhealthy/unbalanced diets play an important role in CVD. This review examined data on all issues of the CV-health benefits of a balanced diet, with tabulation of nutritional data and health-authority recommendations and pictorial illustration of the main features of a CV-healthy diet. PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for relevant studies and reviews on diet and CV health. For a long time, there has been evidence, corroborated by recent findings, that pro-vegetarian diets have a beneficial influence on serum lipid levels, markers of inflammation and endothelial function, prooxidant-antioxidant balance, and gut microbiome, all probably contributing to reduced CV risk. Worries about the nutritional adequacy of vegetarian diets are circumvented by obtaining certain nutrients lacking or found in lower amounts in plants than in animal foods, by consuming a wide variety of healthy plant foods and through intake of oral supplements or fortified foods. Well-balanced diets, such as the Mediterranean or the Dietary-Approaches-to-Stop-Hypertension diets, provide CV-health benefits. Nevertheless, a broad variety of plant-based diets with low/minimal animal food intake may allow for the personalized and culturally adjusted application of dietary recommendations contributing to the maintenance of CV health. Universal adoption of a balanced CV-healthy diet can reduce global, CV and other mortality by ~20%. This requires world-wide programs of information for and education of the public, starting with school children and expanding to all groups, sectors, and levels.

A clinical case of acute anabolic steroid-induced toxic hepatitis

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) can be considered in cases of acute hepatitis by the exclusion of any disease-related causes. For several decades, anabolic steroids have been considered not only as drugs for treatment of diseases such as hypogonadism, sarcopenia, hypotrophy in cancer patients, aplastic anemia, etc., but also as risk factor for acute liver failure, that can lead to liver cancer, and even sudden death. Anabolic steroids are known to be increasingly used not only for legitimate medical uses, but also for enhance physical performance and promote muscle growth for ideal body shape. The article presents a clinical case of acute drug-induced hepatitis after 2 months of using stanozolol, a synthetic testosterone derivative, in a 25-year-old previously healthy man. Thorough etiological investigations ruled out other causes of DILI. The man was treated at the in-patient department and discharged with improvement, but it took several months for the disappearance of hepatic cytolytic and cholestatic changes. Clinicians should be aware of the risk for toxic drug-induced hepatitis in male bodybuilders and collect a thorough history of the patient’s intake of nutritional supplements that may contain androgen derivatives.

Vitamin D Status in Term Newborns and Their Mothers

The aim of this study is: 1) To evaluate vitamin D serum levels of fullterm newborns and its association with the maternal levels; 2) To evaluate the diet and the intake of multivitamin supplements of women; 3) To analyze seasonal dependence in serum levels of mother-baby pairs. The prospective study was carried out between July 2018 and February 2020 at the University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Maichin dom”, Sofia. The study included 45 full-term newborns and their mothers. Data collected included maternal health, nutrition, vitamin intake, and anthropometric data of the newborns. The laboratory tests performed: maternal serum 25(OH)D levels taken in the third trimester of pregnancy and umbilical cord levels of 25(OH)D. The results show that the mean birth weight was 3234.22 ± 370.29 g and the mean gestational age was 38.13±0.89 weeks. A 25(OH)D sufficiency was found in 58% of mothers and 67% of newborns. A strong positive correlation between maternal and neonatal 25(OH)D concentrations (p = 0.007) was found. A relationship between maternal diet, vitamin supplementation and serum vitamin D levels was observed. The level of 25(OH)D in the umbilical cord in winter is lower than in summer (p = 0.002). Due to the essential role of vitamin D for the normal development of the fetus and the infant, a testing for serum levels of vitamin D during pregnancy is recommended.

Effect of Nutrition Therapy on Ferritin in Pregnant Women with Anemia at Gamping 2 Public Health Center

Cases of anemia in pregnant women in Indonesia are 48.9% and have the potential to endanger the safety of mother and child. Iron deficiency will cause a decrease in ferritin levels and will cause a decrease in hemoglobin levels below normal limits. Objective: to determine the effect of nutritional therapy for 2 months on serum hemoglobin and ferritin levels in anemic pregnant women in the second trimester. Experiment with a pretest-posttest control group design approach. A sample of 2nd trimester pregnant women with anemia at the Gamping II Health Center was 44 people. The sampling technique was Simple Random Sampling, divided into 2 groups, namely the case group 22 people received nutritional counseling therapy and Fe supplements and the control group 22 people received Fe supplement therapy. Both groups will compare the results of ferritin levels before and after receiving nutritional therapy for 2 months. Data collection used a ferritin test kit, sociodemographic data, obstetric history, nutritional counseling form, Fe supplement intake form. Analysis used the Independent t-test with STATA 13. Results the average ferritin of anemic pregnant women who were given nutritional counseling therapy and Fe supplements was 62.01 ng/mL, while anemic pregnant women who received Fe supplements obtained an average of 51. 4 ng/mL. The results of the statistical test obtained p value = 0.1131, which means that there was no significant difference between the ferritin levels of the intervention group and the control group.

Effects of cold water immersion and protein intake combined recovery after eccentric exercise on exercise performance in elite soccer players.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of the combined recovery method of cold water immersion (CWI) and protein supplement intake after eccentric exercise that causes muscle fatigue in elite soccer players. Eleven semiprofessional soccer players participated in this study. Participants were divided into CWI group, combined protein and CWI group (PCWI), and passive resting group (CON). The participants completed the eccentric exercise for one hour and performed one of three recovery methods. The muscle strength of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles significantly decreased at 48-hr postexercise compared to before exercise in all recovery groups (P<0.05), with no significantly different between the recovery groups. The time required to sprint 40 m was significantly longer in all groups at 24 hr and 48 hr after exercise than before exercise (P<0.05). The vertical jump height was significantly decreased at 48 hr after exercise compared to before exercise in the CON and CWI groups (P<0.05). The muscle soreness values were higher at 6 hr, 24 hr, and 48 hr after exercise than before exercise in all groups (P<0.001). The perceived recovery quality was reduced after exercise in the PCWI (P<0.01) and CON groups (P<0.001) compared to before exercise; it was unchanged in the CWI group. The recovery quality decreased at 6 hr, 24 hr, and 48 hr after exercise in all recovery groups (P<0.01). In conclusion, the combined recovery method was less effective than CWI alone for the recovery of exercise performance.

Glycomacropeptide Impacts Amylin-Mediated Satiety, Postprandial Markers of Glucose Homeostasis, and the Fecal Microbiome in Obese Postmenopausal Women

BackgroundObesity with metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent and shortens lifespan. ObjectivesIn a dose-finding crossover study, we evaluated the effect of glycomacropeptide (GMP) on satiety, glucose homeostasis, amino acid concentrations, inflammation, and the fecal microbiome in 13 obese women. MethodsEligible women were ≤10 yr past menopause with a body mass index [BMI (in kg/m2)] of 28 to 35 and no underlying inflammatory condition affecting study outcomes. Participants consumed GMP supplements (15 g GMP + 10 g whey protein) twice daily for 1 wk and thrice daily for 1 wk, with a washout period between the 2 wk. Women completed a meal tolerance test (MTT) on day 1 (soy MTT) and day 7 (GMP MTT) of each week. During each test, subjects underwent measures of glucose homeostasis, satiety, cytokines, and the fecal microbiome compared with that of usual diet, and rated the acceptability of consuming GMP supplements. ResultsThe mean ± SE age of the 13 women was 57 ± 1 yr, with a median of 8 yr (range: 3–9 yr) past menopause and a BMI of 30 (IQR: 29–32). GMP was highly acceptable to participants, permitting high adherence. Metabolic effects were similar for twice or thrice daily GMP supplementation. Glucose, insulin, and cytokine concentrations were no different. The postprandial area under the curve (AUC) for glucagon concentrations was significantly lower, and the insulin-glucagon ratio was significantly higher with GMP than that with the soy MTT. Postprandial AUC amylin concentration was significantly higher with GMP than that with the soy MTT and correlated with C-peptide (P < 0.001; R2 = 0.52) and greater satiety. Ingestion of GMP supplements twice daily reduced members of the genus Streptococcus (P = 0.009) and thrice daily consumption reduced overall α diversity. ConclusionsGMP is shown to increase amylin concentrations, improve glucose homeostasis, and alter the fecal microbiome. GMP can be a helpful nutritional supplement in obese postmenopausal women at risk for metabolic syndrome. Further investigation is warranted.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05551091.