Supervisory Resources Research Articles

Investigasi Dalam Proses Penanganan Pelanggaran Pemilu

The problems of the process of investigating election violations are quite diverse. Examples include the lack of initial information reference, lack of quality of supervisory resources, limited time in the process of handling violations, geographical conditions or locations of supervision, the socio-cultural situation of conflict-prone communities and the absence of special regulations governing investigations. This method of writing uses a literary approach and empirical studies. This study outlines the investigation process which is the activity of the Election Supervisor in conducting a search of preliminary information to find events of alleged election violations. Invetigation techniques for handling election violations that can be overcome by the Supervisor of Elections include: (1) study of basic documents, (2) making direct observations or observations, and (3) interviews or clarifications. The author suggests that Bawaslu RI needs to compile an investigation juknis to facilitate the implementation of investigations in the field by the Election Supervisor as well as conduct investigation training to increase the capacity of human resources.

Considerations for Specialty Education in Voice and Upper Airway Disorders

Purpose: The purpose of this article was to describe the development and contributions of a voice and upper airway disorders (VUAD) grassroots committee of experts toward defining core features of a VUAD-focused clinical fellowship (CF). This group grew over 3 years to include more than 35 clinical experts representing multiple VUAD clinic sites across varied regions of the United States. This group proposed entry- and exit-level knowledge and skills and expectations for successful VUAD CF training outcomes at the 2021 American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Convention. In addition, this group formulated resources and educational support networks for VUAD CF trainees and their supervisors. Future work by this group will define the criteria by which VUAD CFs will be included as part of clinical expertise experiences evaluated by the VUAD board. Conclusions: A collaborative group of grassroots experts in VUAD defined core entry- and exit-level expectations for clinical competency upon completion of a VUAD CF. Future research and efforts by this group will further characterize the current VUAD CF settings, populations served, and ranges of assessment and treatment services provided. Pilot programs were conducted offering educational and supervisory resources with positive outcomes that endorse the need for these critical mechanisms for supporting VUAD trainees and colleagues.

A Tale of Two Supervisors: Compliance with Risk Disclosure Regulation in the Banking Sector*

ABSTRACTWe examine how the presence of multiple supervisory agencies affects firm‐level compliance in form and substance with disclosure regulations. This analysis is important because coordination problems among regulators are frequently present in practice but often overlooked in academic research. We exploit that banks are subject to equivalent risk disclosure rules under securities laws (IFRS 7) and banking regulation (Pillar 3 of the Basel II Accord) but that different regulators start enforcing the rules at different points in time. We find that banks substantially increase their formal risk disclosures upon the adoption of Pillar 3 even if they already had to comply with the same requirements under IFRS 7. The effects are stronger if the central bank is responsible for bank supervision and bank regulators are equipped with more supervisory resources, but are less pronounced if the securities market regulator is an independent entity. In turn, banks facing more market pressures are more compliant with the rules. We further find persistent liquidity benefits of the increased risk disclosures but only after Pillar 3 became effective and its compliance was enforced by the banking regulator. Our results suggest that formal and material compliance with risk disclosure regulation are a function of both the resources of the supervisory agency and its incentive alignment with the regulated firms. In our setting, the banking regulator seems more effective in fulfilling this role.

People’s Republic of China–Hong Kong Special Administrative Region: Financial Sector Assessment Program-Technical Note-Banking Sector: Supervision and Regulation

Banking supervision and regulation by the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) remain strong. This assessment confirms the 2014 Basel Core Principles assessment that the HKMA achieves a high level of compliance with the BCPs. The Basel III framework (and related guidance) and domestic and cross-border cooperation arrangements are firmly in place. The HKMA actively contributes to the development and implementation of relevant international standards. Updating their risk based supervisory approach helped the HKMA optimize supervisory resources. The HKMA’s highly experienced supervisory staff is a key driver to achieving one of the most sophisticated levels of supervision and regulation observed in Asia and beyond.

Georgia

In the past two years, the NBG has adopted a series of measures to strengthen nonbank sector financial regulation, supervision, and oversight.1 The MCM TA mission in 2017 provided recommendations along these lines, most of which have been implemented by the NBG. Currently, the nonbank sector consists of Micro Financial Institutions (MFIs) and Loan Issuing Entities (LIEs). In reforming the sector, the NBG has, among others: (i) amended laws and issued new and revised regulations on registration, capital, and liquidity requirements for MFIs; (ii) significantly expanded supervisory powers and authorities and increased supervisory resources for the nonbank sector; (iii) registered 200 LIEs; and (iv) put in place consumer protection and responsibility lending rules. These new measures have helped to enhance the resilience of the nonbank sector, weed out those that are non-viable, and improved the reputation of the MFI brand.

Simulation reduces navigational errors in cerebral angiography training

BackgroundSimulation-based medical education (SBME) is growing as a powerful aid in delivering proficient skills training in many specialties. Cerebral angiography (CA), a spatially and navigationally challenging endovascular procedure, can benefit from SBME by training targetable skills outside of the Angiosuite. In order to standardize and specify training requirements, navigational challenges and needs have to be identified. Furthermore, to enable successful adoption of these strategies, simulation adoption barriers, such as necessity of supervisory resources, must be reduced. In this study, we assessed the navigational challenges in simulated CA through a self-guided novice training program.MethodsNovice participants (n = 14) received virtual reality (ANGIO Mentor, Simbionix) diagnostic cerebral angiography training and were tested on a right middle cerebral artery aneurysm case over 8 sessions with a reference instructional outline. The navigational trajectories for the guidewire and catheter were analyzed and rates in erroneous vessel access were analyzed. Participants were given a Mental Rotations Test (MRT) and were analyzed based on MRT performance.ResultsAfter 8 sessions, there was a significant (p < 0.05) reduction on navigational error prevalence. The L-SUB and L-CCA saw the biggest drop in erroneous access, whereas the R-ECA, the biggest consumer of error time, saw no changes in access frequency. Individuals with high MRT score performed much better (p < 0.05) than those with low MRT score.ConclusionsThrough self-guided simulation training, we demonstrated the navigational challenges encountered in simulated CA. To establish better assessments and standards in medical training, we can create self-guided training curricula aimed at correcting errors, enabling repetitive practice, and reducing human resource needs.

A Technique for Detecting Electric Line Sections with Wire Breakage

This article considers the effects of wire breakage in networks with an insulated neutral, as well as issues related to detecting the location of such damage. The need to use means and techniques for rapidly localizing line sections with wire breakage is revealed and justified. The analysis conducted allows proposing a technique for detecting line sections with phase wire breakage in branched networks with an insulated neutral. This technique is based on analyzing voltage readings from the meters installed in the low-voltage part of transformer substations connected to the damaged network. The implementation of this technique requires using software that is integrable with available electronic supervisory control resources without installing additional equipment because it is possible to use electric counters with data transmitters installed everywhere at transformer substations as voltage meters.

Digital Currencies Choices: Challenges for Financial Supervision and Monetary System

With the emergence of multiple design alternatives, digital currencies are seen as new force disrupting the traditional financial markets, which would also have an impact on how these markets are currently being supervised. The paper examines the impact of digital currency choices, along with various possible scenarios, including the ones based on emergence on central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) that will influence the allocation of supervisory resources, in one-way or the other. It may be too early to predict the final outcome, however, various possible alternatives, like creation of a global governance standard are already taking shape even though it may not be an easy task to arrive at a consensus due to frictions in international monetary systems. While ‘same-risk, same activity, same treatment’, would make prudential regulation and supervision entity-neutral, it needs to be further debated whether the supervisory approach should also be tech-neutral, considering that differences in the design features in technology can be an independent source of risk (just like any business- risk) and hence should not be treated as merely a part of operational risk.

The home visit communication skills inventory: Piloting a tool to measure community health worker fidelity to training in rural South Africa.

Community-based home visiting programs using community health workers (CHWs) have become popular modes of delivering health care services, especially in settings where health workers are overburdened and resources are limited. Yet, little is known about the processes that shape effective implementation in low-resource settings, and whether these processes adhere to home visitors' training. This study used the newly-developed Home Visit Communication Skills Inventory (HCSI) to explore the delivery of a CHW program in rural South Africa. Routine home visits from CHWs to their maternal care clients were audio-recorded with consent, and later transcribed and translated into English. The HCSI, devised and piloted using existing frameworks and program-specific training components, consisted of 21 items covering domains related to active listening, active delivery, and active connecting, and was used to score English transcripts of the home visits. The HCSI was used to generate general frequencies and aggregate scores for each CHW. Eighty-four home visits by 14 CHWs showed a diverse application of communication skills. Active listening and active delivery were common, with fewer instances of active connecting observed. Practices disaggregated by CHW showcased varying strengths by an individual. In reviewing visit characteristics, longer average visit duration was significantly correlated with the presence of multiple types of active connecting skills. While technical skills were widely observed, fewer CHWs engaged in more complex "connecting" skills. The HCSI is a feasible, low-cost, and practical way to describe home visit fidelity among CHWs. Audio-based checklists can be used to describe fidelity to a model in the absence of additional supervisory resources.

MANAGEMENT OF SUPERVISORS MADRASAH IN QUALITY IMPROVEMENT MADRASAH ALIYAH IN JAMBI PROVINCE (ANALYSIS OF PAI SUBJECT SUPERVISORS AT MADRASAH ALIYAH)

Good supervision will create the professionalism of teachers in learning so as to produce good learning achievements and then produce good graduate competencies. The main questions in this dissertation research are: why is the management of supervisors in improving the quality of madrasah education at MAN / MAS Jambi City, Muaro Jambi District, East Tanjung Jabung Regency and Kerinci District?&#x0D; This study uses descriptive qualitative research methods with sampling techniques carried out by purposive sampling. The subjects of this study were the Aliyah Madrasah Supervisor as the key informant, while the Head of the Madrasah Education Division, the City / District Ministry of Religion, the Head of the Aliyah Madrasah, and the teacher as the informant. Furthermore, the technique of collecting data using interviews, observations and documentation studies. Data analysis using flow data analysis models include: data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing.&#x0D; The results of this study found that first, the management of supervisors in Madrasah Aliyah has not been done optimally. Madrasah Aliyah supervisors have not yet made detailed monitoring plans based on their time period or period of work. Second, the internal factors that have not been optimal for Islamic Education supervisors in improving the quality of education in Aliyah Madrasah are as follows: 1) Lack of supervisory competence, 2) Low supervisory resources, 3) Lack of supervisory motivation, 4) Lack of supervisory commitment. While external factors have not been optimal, supervisors in improving the quality of Aliyah Madrasah are as follows: 1) Supervisory recruitment. 2) Effect of government policy. 3) Lack of support from the Ministry of Religion. Third, the efforts of Aliyah Madrasah supervisors in improving the quality of education are: 1) Enhancing supervisory abilities. 2) Supervision of supervisor performance, 3) Support from the Ministry of Religion. Fourth, models of supervisors who supervise the madrasa.&#x0D; The implication of this research is that the management of supervisors in improving the quality of the Aliyah Madrasah in Jambi Province is reviewed through the application of management functions carried out by the Head of the Ministry of Religion Office, starting from the planning process to the work assessment. The results of this study are recommended to various parties as follows: first, it is expected that the Provincial Ministry of Religion Office as a competent party to supervise the performance of the Aliyah Madrasah supervisors, secondly, it is expected that the head of madrasah proactively assists supervisors in supervising teachers in Madrasah , thirdly the community is demanded cooperation with supervisors in improving the quality of madrasa teachers.

Therapist Guided Exposure Treatment for Vaginismus: Simulation and Immersive Learning Applications [36M

INTRODUCTION: Efficacious and cost-efficient non-pharmacologic treatments, i.e., therapist guided exposure therapy for penetration disorders (GET-PEN), are available and in widespread use outside of the U.S. While therapists commonly provide guided desensitization therapy for other phobias, the GET-PEN treatment has not yet been implemented within the U.S.- largely due to a lack of medical education and training opportunities and appropriate supervisory resources. Simulation based immersive learning techniques may offer an innovative mechanism for bridging this educational gap. METHODS: We developed a brief simulation-based/immersive learning protocol designed to train a cohort of interdisciplinary teams (i.e., gynecology + mental health) to correctly implement GET-PEN. Next, we piloted this training protocol with our selected clinical teams who then implemented the protocol with professional simulators (PSs). All teams were evaluated on the implementation of GET-PEN by an international team of instructors. Three core outcomes were emphasized: self-efficacy for communicating with patients about sexual pain disorders, adherence to the treatment protocol, and quality of sexual education provided in response to PS’s questions. RESULTS: Teams showed significant pre-post training skill gains in communication self-efficacy (p &lt; .05), quality of sexual education (p &lt; .05), and fidelity ratings of &gt; 85%. However, not all teams trained to adequate fidelity ratings at the same rate, and those that required additional training repeated the simulation to achieve proficiency. CONCLUSION: Simulation based/immersive learning techniques are an efficient mechanism for training interdisciplinary teams to implement GET-PEN. Our next steps include implementation and evaluation of this treatment in U.S. patients presenting with vaginismus.

India: Financial Sector Assessment Program-Detailed Assessment of Observance of the Basel Core Principles for Effective Banking Supervision

This report evaluates the Observance of the Basel Core Principles for Effective Banking Supervision in India. It highlights that the supervision and regulation by the Reserve Bank of India remain strong and have improved in recent years. A key achievement is implementation of a risk-based supervisory approach that uses a complex supervisory assessment framework to guide the intensity of supervisory actions and the allocation of supervisory resources. Also, most of the Basel III framework has been implemented and cooperation arrangements, both domestically and cross-border, are now firmly in place. The system-wide asset quality review and the strengthening of prudential regulations in 2015 testify to the authorities’ commitment to transparency and a more accurate recognition of banking risks.

Opportunities for Better Systemic Risk Management in Canada

With the IMF scheduled to perform an update assessment of Canada’s financial sector stability during 2018-19, this paper asks: How is Canada faring when it comes to the management of systemic risk? To answer this question, I focus on capital markets, both federal and provincial, coordination issues, and how the stability responsibilities of the proposed cooperative market regulatory system should be exercised. I also make some recommendations on systemic risk management more generally. While improvements have been made, overall, the upcoming IMF assessment is likely to again point to areas where we have not made sufficient progress. As such, this paper argues that the following suggestions will point us in the right direction: • Clarification is needed that the Bank of Canada and the Cooperative Markets Regulatory Authority (CMRA) are expected to take the lead in systemic risk conjunctural analysis, with involvement of Finance and OSFI, and inter-agency coordination performed by the Heads of Agencies group given the federal provincial aspects. • The CMRA should elaborate the framework and analysis the new authority intends to use to assess systemic risk in securities markets, it should focus on enhanced market monitoring and contributing to macro stress testing, and it should commit to publishing regular reporting on its systemic risk assessment. • The Canadian Securities Transition Office should develop draft arrangements for the sharing of stability analysis among the CMRA, the Bank of Canada, OSFI, and key provincial market regulators who are not part of the cooperative capital markets initiative, and should publish these for comment. • The Bank of Canada should broaden the regular reporting it makes in the Financial System Review (FSR) to include its analysis of systemic market risk, especially the links between markets and institutions, which it is uniquely positioned to analyze. • The federal and provincial regulators should ensure there are arrangements in place to share market data necessary for financial stability analysis of capital markets. • BC should, through legislation, rectify deficiencies identified by Financial Institutions Commission (FICOM) compared to Basel Core Principles. • Alberta should update the guidance applying to the Alberta Treasury Branches, and ensure that its supervisory resources are sufficient. • All provinces should be more transparent about the resources they are devoting to prudential regulation and supervision in the annual reports of the various agencies. • Provinces should ensure they all have the arrangements in place to access Bank of Canada Emergency Liquidity Assistance. Implementation of these measures would bolster Canada’s ability to monitor and deal with systemic risk in the financial system, with the proposed cooperative securities regulator playing a key role.

The Effect of Bank Supervision on Risk Taking: Evidence from a Natural Experiment

We exploit an exogenous reduction in bank supervision to demonstrate a causal effect of supervisory resources on financial institutions' willingness to take risk. The additional risk took the form of more risky loans, faster asset growth, and a greater reliance on low quality capital. This response to less supervision boosted banks' odds of failure. Lastly, we identify channels by which the reduction in supervisory capacity led to more costly failures relative to unaffected areas. None of these patterns are present in depository institutions subject to a different supervisor but otherwise similar to the banks in our sample.

On the Issue of the Content of the Prosecutor's Supervision over the Implementation of Laws in the Sphere of Turnover of Medicines

The article is devoted to the issues of the content of the prosecutor's supervision over the implementation of laws in the sphere of turnover of medicines The prosecutor's inspection acts as one of the main elements in the system of supervisory resources, as it is a legal instrument of prosecutor's and supervisory activities that provides detection of both violations of the law and their causes and conditions First of all, when conducting inspections, the prosecutor's office must be guided by the constitutional principle of legality. To this end, the author analyzes the concepts and content of objects, subject matter, the balance and interrelation between the concepts of control and supervision.

Building mental models by dissecting physical models.

When students build physical models from prefabricated components to learn about model systems, there is an implicit trade-off between the physical degrees of freedom in building the model and the intensity of instructor supervision needed. Models that are too flexible, permitting multiple possible constructions require greater supervision to ensure focused learning; models that are too constrained require less supervision, but can be constructed mechanically, with little to no conceptual engagement. We propose "model-dissection" as an alternative to "model-building," whereby instructors could make efficient use of supervisory resources, while simultaneously promoting focused learning. We report empirical results from a study conducted with biology undergraduate students, where we demonstrate that asking them to "dissect" out specific conceptual structures from an already built 3D physical model leads to a significant improvement in performance than asking them to build the 3D model from simpler components. Using questionnaires to measure understanding both before and after model-based interventions for two cohorts of students, we find that both the "builders" and the "dissectors" improve in the post-test, but it is the latter group who show statistically significant improvement. These results, in addition to the intrinsic time-efficiency of "model dissection," suggest that it could be a valuable pedagogical tool.

Managing Customer and Organizational Complexity in Sales Organizations

Salespeople face increasingly complex work environments, both externally with customers and internally with various departments in their own organizations. Because managing such customer and organizational complexity is crucial to performance, the authors conceptualize and develop measures of customer and organizational complexity and examine the effects on salesperson outcomes. In line with job demands-resources theory, salespeople leverage personal and supervisory resources to manage complexity. The test of the conceptual model uses matched salespeople–sales manager data gathered from a large business-to-business firm. The empirical findings reveal that personal resources (sales self-efficacy) help manage complexity in general but create greater role stress in the face of customer complexity. The effectiveness of supervisory resources (transactional leadership behavior) is contingent on the type of complexity and the personal resources available to a salesperson. These results indicate not only how salespeople manage different complexities but also how sales managers should adapt their leadership behaviors to enhance salesperson performance.

The Prospective Devitalization of Conditional Sentences

It goes without saying that at the time of the most comprehensive review of sentencing principles in Canada in 1996, there was a significant overuse of imprisonment as a disposition for a criminal conviction. As such, the introduction of conditional sentences, aptly described as custody in the community, was seen as a viable intermediate measure between probation and incarceration. Nonetheless, over the course of the last fifteen years there has been public concern that such sentences were too soft on criminals and judicial concern that the imposition of a conditional sentence would be ineffective in the absence of the requisite supervisory resources. Parliament has enacted various measures to restrict the availability of this sanction and most recently the Harper tough on crime agenda has proposed a significant restriction that would render conditional sentences available for only those crimes that most likely would not result in custody. The further away this sentencing option travels from imprisonment, albeit in the community, the closer to redundancy it becomes to the long-standing and well understood sanction of probation.

Implications of the Financial Crisis for China’s Information Supervision and Curbing of Financial Corruption

美国次贷危机 (金融危机) 彰显了现有金融监管模式对于系统性风险的防范失 败。次贷危机的根源, 很大程度上可以归咎于金融信息披露严重失范滋生的金融腐 败。作为一种规制金融信息披露、通过透明度约束降低腐败的需求与供给的监管方 式, 信息监管对于遏制金融腐败具有重要作用。比较美国新的金融监管体制改革, 立 足中国实践, 重构金融监管体制, 可以以信息监管为中心, 进一步完善金融机构的信 息披露制度, 努力构建一个统合的金融信息平台, 建设有效的信息共享机制, 整合监 管资源, 形成金融反腐防腐的强大合力。 关键词: 信息监管 金融腐败 次贷危机 The US subprime crisis (financial crisis) highlights the failure of existing mechanisms of financial regulation to prevent systemic risk. Reflection shows that the fundamental causes of the subprime crisis are largely attributable to financial corruption arising from grave violations of financial information disclosure. Information supervision is an important check on financial corruption in that it serves as a means of regulating financial information disclosure and through transparency, reducing the demand for and supply of corruption. Drawing upon the recent reform of the US financial regulatory system and grounding ourselves on Chinese practice, we believe the reconstruction of the financial regulatory system should center on information supervision, with a focus on improving the system of information disclosure for financial bodies, building a unified financial information platform and an effective information-sharing mechanism, and integrating all supervisory resources into a unified and powerful force against financial corruption.

Implications Of The Risk-Based Capital Requirements Of Implicit Recourse In Asset Securitizations In The Banking Industry

&lt;p class="MsoBodyText2" style="text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"&gt;We consider implications of the risk-based capital requirements of implicit recourse in asset securitizations. These implications include issues in finance such as risk management and contracting between counterparties. The first part of our analysis deals with asset securitizations where originating institutions provide investors with implicit recourse. We show that the risk-based capital requirements associated with the new regulatory definition of implicit recourse may discourage some banks from offering implicit recourse in their asset securitizations. This suggests that the new regulatory definition of implicit recourse may be a workable compromise between supervisory regulators and originating institutions. We then consider a scenario where banks enter into reinsurance contracting with banks in other regions to mitigate some regional economic risks. These reinsurance contracts may enable banks to improve the performance of their balance sheet assets. Although we find weak correlation among equity returns for regional banks, future high correlation among bank portfolios could pose a problem to regulators because when a bank gets into financial distress this may spill over to other network banks. Widening yield spreads in asset securitizations might serve as an early warning signal of financial distress. Thus, regulators might devote more supervisory resources on originating institutions when their asset securitization yield spreads widen.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;