Supervisory Committee Research Articles

Interdisciplinary doctoral research supervision: A scoping review

This scoping literature review examines the topic of interdisciplinary doctoral research supervision. Interdisciplinary doctoral research programs are expanding in response to encouragement from funding agencies and enthusiasm from faculty and students. In an acknowledgement that the search for creative and innovative solutions to complex problems is best addressed through interdisciplinary collaborations, research-intensive universities are increasingly encouraging interdisciplinary projects and programs. The expansion of interdisciplinary research to the context of doctoral research may impact several core components of the doctorate: the enactment of the student–supervisor relationship, the process of forming and working with a supervisory committee, and the process and outcomes of doctoral research. In order to ensure that interdisciplinary doctoral supervision occurs in a positive and effective way, it is necessary to understand the distinct needs and challenges of interdisciplinary students and their supervisors, through scholarship about this phenomenon.

The Compliance with Shariah Governance System of AAOIFI : A Study on Islamic Banks Bangladesh

The study examines the compliance levels of 17 private commercial banks, which operate Islamic banking in Bangladesh, with Shariah governance system of AAOIFI to understand their Shariah non-compliance risk management status. The results show that none of the Islamic banks in Bangladesh are full-compliant with Shariah governance system of the AAOIFI because none of them has audit and governance committee at board level. The average of Shariah compliance levels of the full-fledged Islamic banks is highest but it is medium and lowest against the banks, which operate Islamic banking through some Islamic bank branches and windows, respectively. However, the banks conduct Shariah audit and inspections by the Shariah Supervisory Committees (SSCs). Some limitations of the SSC have been observed. These are: some banks formed the SSC with both outsiders and insiders, but appointment of insiders is a complete deviation from the AAOIFI standards. Reports of the SSC have not been presented in a uniform way which creates confusion among the stakeholders regarding information. Though disclosure of doubtful income indicates operational efficiency of Shariah based banks, some reports of the SSC did not mention the amount of doubtful income at all. It has been hypothesised that if there is more compliance with Shariah so there shall be higher growth of Islamic banking. The study therefore suggests that the Shariah compliance levels should be increased by all banks. Moreover uniformity and transparency should be ensured in the reports of the SSCs. All of these shall not only help to mitigate Shariah non-compliance risk but also re-enforce the growth and company efficiency of the Islamic banks Bangladesh.

Quality Assurance of Teachers in the Implementation of the Curriculum of Technical and Vocational Education in Colleges of Education (Technical) in North Cental Nigeria

This study was carried out to ascertain the quality assurance of teachers (lecturers) in the implementation of the curriculum of Technical and Vocational Education (TVE) in Colleges of Education (Technical) in North Central Nigeria. Two research questions were formulated and answered in this study. Survey research and evaluation designs were involved. The sample for the study was 60. A 18 cluster item questionnaire and 35 psycho-productive multiple choice test items were developed and utilized to collect data. The data collected were analysed using percentages, means and performance gap analysis to answer the research questions. Based on the result of the study, it was recommended that improvement programs such as reviewing of TVE curriculum, supervisory committee for TVE be set up, qualified TVE teachers, Pruning down of curriculum of TVE to relevant content areas, small scale business management and entrepreneurial training should constitute TVE curriculum, accreditation of TVE courses should be based on well equipped workshop for skills development, short courses, seminars and workshops be organised to improve the quality of the teachers.

Phylogeny of BTV in Morocco: determination of new reassortants

Phylogeny of BTV in Morocco: determination of new reassortants

English

  This paper uses stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to examine whether and to what extent ownership structure and corporate governance affect firm efficiency in a sample of 744 publicly listed manufacturing firms in China during 1999 and 2006. The paper finds that firm efficiency decreases with state ownership of shares while increases with public and employee share ownership. In addition, the relationship between ownership concentration and firm efficiency is U-shaped. As the identity of the largest shareholder changes from government, government-controlled legal entity to other types of legal entity, firm efficiency significantly improves. However, the paper finds no evidence that board independence, supervisory committee structure and provincial market development affect firm efficiency. The results suggest that ownership structure is more important in determining firm efficiency than corporate governance mechanisms.   Key words: Firm efficiency, stochastic frontier analysis, corporate governance, ownership structure, China.

Die genossenschaftliche Pflichtprüfung – Aspekte zur Prüfungsdurchführung unter Anwendung der ISA

Zusammenfassung Die genossenschaftliche Pflichtprüfung geht mit der Prüfungspflicht der wirtschaftlichen Verhältnisse und der Ordnungsmäßigkeit der Geschäftsführung zusätzlich zum Jahresabschluss im Umfang deutlich über die handelsrechtliche Jahresabschlussprüfung hinaus. Mit dem Bilanzrechtsmodemisierungsgesetz wurde die Pflicht, die internationalen Prüfungsstandards (ISA) bei der Durchführung von Abschlussprüfungen anzuwenden, im Handelsgesetzbuch verankert. Die Anwendung steht jedoch unter dem Vorbehalt, dass diese von der Europäischen Kommission angenommen worden sind. Diese Annahme steht zum gegenwärtigen Zeitpunkt noch aus. Der Beitrag untersucht die möglichen Auswirkungen auf die genossenschaftliche Prüfung unter Einsatz der ISA. Dabei wird der Kommunikationsprozess zwischen Prüfer und Aufsichtsrat schwerpunktmäßig betrachtet.

An Empirical Evaluation of The Environmental Responsibility in the Spanish Savings Banks

The growing importance of the environmental and social policies in the Spanish savings banksand the large differences between them, take us to delve into those factors that influence on the amounts spent on environment and welfare fund.In this line, we have analyzed all the Spanish Savings Banks, over the period 2004-2008 and using the methodology of panel data, the effect that the composition of the Board of Directors and the Supervisory Committee has on the percentage of income spent on Environment and Welfare Fund. Specifically, such as variables of Board´ composition, we used the presence of women and the existence of a political representative.In view of the results obtained, we can draw as general conclusions that the amount of the Welfare Fund that is spent on Environment depends positively on the presence of women in the Board of Directors, while the variable that have a big positive influence on the Welfare Fund is the existence of a political representative in the Board.

ROLE IN MONITORING COMMITTEE IMPROVING COMPLIANCE WITH TAX PAYERS AND EFFECT ON REVENUE TAX INCREASE PERSPECTIVE ON ADMINISTRATION

Applicable taxes in Indonesia can be differentiated taxation based on the parties to bear, the party picked up, and nature. Good service will encourage taxpayer compliance to implement taxation obligations. To be able to improve taxpayer compliance is by listening, seeking out and trying to meet what is desired by the taxpayer regardingthe rights and obligations of taxation. The desire or the means to listen to the voice of taxpayers in many countriesknown as the Tax Ombudsman in Indonesia called the Supervisory Committee of Taxation (KPPer). Giving you the best possible service to taxpayers will increase the level of taxpayer compliance. The high level of taxpayer compliance by itself will increase tax revenues. KPPer is to ensure that the taxpayer has be best served by the DGT,namely: (1) ensure that the taxpayer has been given the ministry (in terms of policy, legal, and administrative), (2)Directorate General of Taxation to give optimal service, (3) KPer and DGT synergistically provide optimum servicesand in turn increase tax revenue will be achieved. In other words, the formation of synergies between the DGT andKPPer can increase tax revenues.

Authorisation of Abortion for a "Serious Danger to Mental Health": Would the Practice Stand up to the Judicial Test?

In Right to Life New Zealand Inc v The Abortion Supervisory Committee, Miller J observed that, "there is reason to doubt the lawfulness of many abortions authorised by certifying consultants". This article questions this observation through an interpretation of "serious danger … to … mental health", the most commonly cited ground for authorisation of abortion. Is "mental health" limited to "absence of mental illness" or does it also include "mental wellbeing", which might allow for a more liberal practice? The narrow definition would accord with one objective of the abortion scheme to respect the rights of the unborn child. The wider definition would allow certifying consultants to freely exercise their medical judgement, a condition on which the abortion scheme is based. This article argues that the latter argument is potentially stronger, but its success rests on the willingness of the judiciary to engage in ambulatory statutory interpretation in the controversial context of abortion. This article concludes by noting that a finding in favour of the narrow definition of mental health still confers substantial flexibility on consultants in assessing danger of mental illness. Finally, this article recommends that Parliament intervene to make the law certain.

STATE OWNERSHIP, CORPORATE TOURNAMENT AND EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION: EVIDENCE FROM PUBLIC LISTED FIRMS IN CHINA

This article tests several predictions of tournament theory on executive compensation in the context of a transition economy. Using an unbalanced panel of 34,701 executives in 1,386 public listed firms in China during 1999 and 2006, the paper finds that (1) pay increases as executives move up the corporate hierarchy into higher ranks; (2) pay gap is the largest between the first- and second-tier executives; (3) pay dispersion increases with the number of tournament participants and the risk of the business environment; (4) state ownership of shares reduces pay, pay gap and the sensitivities of the contestant pool and business risk to pay dispersion; (5) board composition and independence, CEO duality and the independence of the supervisory committee all affect pay and pay dispersion. Overall, this paper shows that listed firms in China, as they become more and more market-oriented, have adopted a pay structure that is largely consistent with the predictions of tournament theory, and that it is important to consider both state ownership and corporate governance in analyzing executive compensation structure.

Hazard Rates and Personal Interdependencies in Supervisory Boards of DAX-Companies

We estimate and analyse the hazard rates of members of the supervisory board in German leading companies, listed in the DAX, with a special focus on personal interdependencies with other supervisory boards and executives committees. We find fundamental differences between supervisory board members representing owners and those representing employees. Several variables measuring personal interdependencies are only relevant for the former whereas the latter have a longer tenure if the salary of the executives is higher, which can be interpreted as an indicator of collusion.

Managing emergent and complex change: the case of Dutch agencification

An analysis is made of agencification reform in the Netherlands from the viewpoint of the management of the complex change process. We will present a processual analysis of the complex change process of agencification reform by means of organization science insights on ‘emergent change’ and administrative science insights on ‘complex networks’. The analysis of the process of change events shows that it is not an example of centrally planned and controlled change. The reform is rather an example of ‘emergent and complex change’. The reform is a complex system of different intertwined change processes with many different decentralized actors, which is ‘managed’ by different central ‘change agents’. The ‘change managers’ themselves form a complex system as well.Points for practitionersOne of the important reform trends in Dutch central administration is the ‘agencification’ of executive government organizations, that is, the increase of managerial autonomy of executive parts of ministerial departments. In this article we analyse how this two-decades-long reform process was ‘managed’ by various central actors like Parliament, the National Audit Office, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Home Affairs, various internal and external advisory committees and supervisory committees. It turned out that the reform can hardly be described as a centrally planned and controlled process. Initiatives for reform, in fact, popped up locally within the various ministries and agencies. The reform process was more a continuous accumulation of local initiatives for agencification. The various central actors tried to exercise some coordinating or supervisory influence, but that was rather indirect, reactive and limited.

Operation Management of Sport Facility: An Example of Recreation Division of National Taiwan University Sports Center

This study was aimed to analyze the operation management of sport facility of Recreation Division of National Taiwan University Sports Center (NTUSC) to give some practical and meaningful suggestion to the facility management authority. With an intensive literature review on the financial and performance reports revealed in the Supervisory Committee and the interview of the current operation chiefs, this study adopted the frequency-based and ratio scaled variable analysis to review and advise on the performance of this venue. The findings of this research showed that 1. the main patrons of the swimming pool and fitness center are from school students and faculty that took up the high ratio of 91.5% and 85.5%. 2. The ratio of opening to public to utilize the facility was higher than that of teaching, which means this facility not only positioned on teaching but also serve to make profit to live on its own. 3. The usage rate per level ground of the swimming pool ranked number one among all different sorts of the facility within the Sports Center, which served 1,000 person-time per year. Fitness center took the second place with 600 person-time per level ground per year. Badminton and table tennis hall were ranked as lowest, which only served less than 200 person-time per level ground per year. 4. The income gaining rate per square meter of the swimming pool ranked number one among all different sorts of the facility within this Sports Center, which reached NT 30,000 per square meter per year. Table tennis hall is the least one which gained less than NT 500 per square meter per year. 5. The actual usage rate of fitness center and swimming pool has exceeded their maximum carrying capacity and the rest of the facilities at NTUSC have not yet reached the most appropriate carrying capacity. 6. The income of NTU Sports Center will vary and come with the school semester's beginning and ending. The findings of this research were a self-examination benchmark for the operation team of NTU Sports Center. This study can be a base to implement their future operation, and also stand as the reference model for other domestic university sport facilities to operate and manage the development and application.

Copying from others or developing locally?

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the uniqueness of management development in China during 1990 and 2010 as represented by the MBA education, and to explore its successes and challenges in the Chinese transitioning context. Design/methodology/approach – The authors adopted an approach that integrated content analysis of literature, historical data and interviews. Findings – It was found that successful practices such as the National MBA Education Supervisory Committee, the top-down approach by the government, the emphasis on international collaborations and faculty development, national MBA entrance examinations, and other related measures have maintained the MBA education system on its current development course, while challenges from the ever-changing context, the balance between internationalization and localization, curriculum design with the Chinese characteristics will continue to shape the future of MBA education in China. Practical implications – Copying from others for management development in the initial stage may be feasible, but it is the localization that ensures flexibility and sustainability. Originality/value – There has been insufficient systematic assessment of MBA education in China. This paper examined MBA practices and challenges in the past two decades of development and offers policy implications for future program development.

DOES STATE CONTROL AFFECT MANAGERIAL INCENTIVES? EVIDENCE FROM CHINA'S PUBLICLY LISTED FIRMS

Using data for 1203 publicly listed firms in China during 1999–2002, this paper empirically investigates whether and to what extent state control affects managerial incentives, including managerial compensation and CEO turnover. The paper finds that CEO turnover is negatively related to both current and lagged firm performance as measured by ROA and RPE (Relative Performance Evaluation) for non‐state‐controlled firms, while insensitive to performance measures for state‐controlled firms. In addition, CEO compensation is positively related to firm performance, but state ownership and control weaken this positive relation. Moreover, state control reduces the effectiveness of internal governance mechanisms such as the board of directors and supervisory committee. Overall, empirical results in the paper indicate that state ownership and control weaken managerial incentives and internal monitoring among publicly listed firms in China.

Corporate governance challenges in Poland: evidence from “comply or explain” disclosures

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse the reasons for non‐compliance by Polish listed companies with elements of the Polish code of corporate governance Best Practices in Public Companies 2005.Design/methodology/approachBased on 250 publicly available compliance statements filed in 2005 by companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE) content analysis is used to classify the explanations provided for non‐compliance with those corporate governance principles that attract high levels of non‐compliance.FindingsThe data analysis reveals that, despite a high level of overall compliance, three out of 50 code principles attract high levels of non‐compliance. These principles concern the independence of supervisory board members, the composition of supervisory board committees and the appointment of auditors. The most contentious principle concerns the independence of supervisory board members, due to the presence of many majority‐owned companies on the Warsaw Stock Exchange.Practical implicationsThe paper sheds light on the operation of the “comply or explain” approach to corporate governance in Poland and provides suggestions for improving the level and quality of compliance with the revised corporate governance code Best Practices for WSE Listed Companies, applicable from 2008 onwards.Originality/valueThe paper provides an empirical investigation of the reasons given by Polish companies for non‐compliance with the most controversial corporate governance principles. It highlights a tendency for some companies to report compliance that is conditional, suggesting that reported compliance under‐represents the true level of compliance. We suggest that establishing a monitoring committee tasked with evaluating the quality of explanations for non‐compliance and reducing ambiguities in the wording of code principles will improve the quality of Polish corporate governance in the long term.

Corporate Governance Regulations across Specific Countries � A Theoretical Examination

The diverse system of corporate governance in some of the developed and the developing countries around the world has been studied. In most of the countries, the committees that are present in common are: audit committee, compensation and nominating committees. Boards are unitary in nature in the United States and in the United Kingdom. Establishment of remuneration committee became active after being insisted in Greenbury report in the U.K. There is either a unitary system of governance or two tier systems with the management committee and the supervisory committee. Two tier board structure has been followed in most of the firms in Germany. In Hong Kong there is an outsider system of governance with an insider mould. Family ownership is predominant in Hong Kong. Malaysian system of governance is insider-oriented and is controlled by the founding families. Board structure is one tier in nature. Governance code recommends a board with only independent directors in Malaysia especially nominating committee. India has a one tier board structure. Significant differences persist in the corporate governance practices of countries studied in this research paper.

Codes to Live By

Codes to Live By

Exploring the Effects of China's Two-tier Board System and Ownership Structure on Firm Performance and Earnings Informativeness

This study empirically explores whether, and how, selected attributes of China's two-tier board system affect Chinese firms' performance and earnings informativeness. Using a database of 4,623 firm-year observations over the 1999 to 2003 period, we find some effects that mirror ones reported in non-Chinese settings, such as positive correlations between firm performance and the proportion of independent board of directors members (BoD) and the frequency of supervisory committee (SC) meetings;; as well as positive correlations between earnings informativeness and the proportions of independent BoD and SC members. These exploratory findings provide impetus for further research in the Chinese setting.

Exploring the Effects of China's Two-Tier Board System and Ownership Structure on Firm Performance and Earnings Informativeness

This study empirically explores whether, and how, selected attributes of China's two-tier board system affect Chinese firms' performance and earnings informativeness. Using a data base of 4623 firm-year observations over the 1999 to 2003 period, we find some effects that mirror ones reported in non-Chinese settings, such as positive correlations between firm performance and the proportion of independent Board of Directors (BoD) members and the frequency of Supervisory Committee (SC) meetings; as well as positive correlations between earnings informativeness and the proportions of independent BoD and SC members. Significant effects also are found for concentrated non-state ownership and existence of foreign shareholders. These exploratory findings provide impetus for further research in the Chinese setting, the findings of which may help refine general knowledge on the role of corporate governance.