Supervisory Role Research Articles

Educational supervisor's perceptions of their role in supporting residents' learning: a qualitative study.

During the past decade, educational supervision (ES) has gained popularity as a key support mechanism in residents' training. However, few studies have mapped physicians' understanding of their roles as educational supervisors. This study aims to explore how supervisors experience this role and how they approach providing support to residents. We employed qualitative methodology and conducted semi-structured interviews with 13 senior hospital physicians regarding their experiences as educational supervisors. Participants were recruited via e-mail and snowball sampling. Interview transcripts were analysed using inductive systematic text condensation following a four-step procedure: (i) total impression (ii) identifying and sorting meaning units (iii) condensation from code to meaning (iv) synthesising condensation from description and concepts. Our analysis yielded four main themes. We found that while ES was considered important in theory, its purpose appeared unclear in everyday practise. Second, ES was associated with filling multiple and sometimes contradictory expectations. Third, establishing a good relationship between residents and supervisors was considered critical for effective ES. Finally, being a supervisor was described as experiencing a personal cost in the absence of support and resources. The many roles embedded in attending physicians' understanding of ES indicate a wide definition of the supervisory role. Supervisors contribute to residents' training by ensuring educational quality while upholding quality in patient care. Educational supervisors considered themselves to be vital sources of support for residents, but found their role unclear in everyday practice. They strove to manage different expectations resulting from lack of supportive organisational structures.

The role and importance of supervisory in joint-stock companies based on international corporate governance standarts

This article highlights the critical importance of the supervisory board in modern corporate governance mechanisms. Such mechanisms have become prevalent in many European countries, where they define the role of the supervisory board as an independent overseer, focused on monitoring the activities of the executive body.
 The wide range of duties and competencies of the supervisory board is discussed, including strategic planning, oversight of executive directors, consideration of corporate decisions, and ensuring adherence to corporate standards. It's crucial to note that the primary mission of the supervisory board is to protect shareholders interests, guarantee their rights, and ensure transparency in the actions of the joint-stock company.
 One of the key challenges the author examines is the dilemma of how executive managers perceive the supervisory board. Do they see this body as an ally that enhances work efficiency or as an obstacle in the way of making operational decisions? This aspect is vital for understanding internal corporate relations and the dynamics of interaction between management structures.
 The article also focuses on the OECD principles regarding corporate governance, emphasizing the importance of an effective structure of the supervisory board. Particular attention is given to the role of independent non-executive members of the board, who can act as a «braking mechanism», ensuring objectivity, independence, and a critical perspective on corporate decisions.
 In conclusion, in the corporate governance of joint-stock companies, the supervisory board emerges as a key element playing a strategic role in protecting shareholders' interests, ensuring transparency, objectivity, and accountability in company operations. The OECD principles underline the significance of including independent members in the supervisory board. This stance affirms the necessity to amplify the role and authority of the supervisory board in contemporary conditions, making the exploration of this issue particularly relevant and significant.

Exploring and understanding perceived relationships between doctoral students and their supervisors in China

Fit in supervisory relationships is crucial for doctoral students’ outcomes, where supervisory relationships are influenced by cultural and disciplinary contexts. This article qualitatively explores fit or misfit between students’ perceptions and those of their supervisors on supervisory relationships in STEM in the cultural context of Chinese Confucianism. Considered through the lens of person-supervisor fit, two dimensions, consisting of four distinctions of supervisor-doctoral student fit or misfit in supervisory relationships, are identified: (1) a conceptual dimension consisting of supplementary fit or misfit; and (2) a practical dimension consisting of complementary fit or misfit. Supplementary fit is illustrated through three conceptual congruences regarding the nature of doctoral learning, students’ dispositions and the modelling and nurturing roles of supervisors. The term supplementary misfit refers to a conceptual incongruence regarding supervisors’ familial roles, which demonstrates contradictions between sustained cultural influences and the present-day academic profession. Complementary fit includes needs–supplies fit and demands–abilities fit, which bear disciplinary characteristics in modern STEM doctoral education. Complementary misfit refers to supervisors’ strict practices as against students’ demands for autonomy. This article advances the application of the person-supervisor fit perspective in STEM doctoral supervision and contributes to the understanding of disciplinary and cultural influences on the present-day academic supervisory relationships in China.

Positioning, power and agency in postgraduate primary care supervision: a study of trainee narratives

BackgroundPostgraduate supervision takes place within complex training environments, where experiences are shaped by the socio-cultural context and wider profession, and where tensions permeate. Bordin’s working alliance-based model of supervision suggests that quality relationships encompass agreement on the goals and tasks of supervision, in the context of an emotional bond. However, as trainees and their supervisors navigate the demands of providing safe clinical care, alongside educational support, disagreement on expectations for supervision may emerge. By applying a critical lens, this research draws on positioning theory to explore General Practice trainees’ experiences of supervision.MethodsIn 2017–2019 a series of narrative interviews were undertaken with 13 General Practice trainees in the United Kingdom (UK). Participants were purposively sampled based on end-of-year performance, gender, training location and training status. Interviews were analysed using Brown and Gilligan’s Listening Guide, which was adapted to incorporate an exploration of positioning, power and agency.ResultsTrainees appeared to hold variable positions, such as ‘insiders’, ‘outsiders’, ‘peers’ and ‘problem trainees’. Supervisors, through talk and the degree of access afforded, contributed to this positioning. Some trainees viewed their supervisors as brokers and guides as they navigated their training, whilst others were suspicious of the supervisor role. For trainees who raised concerns about their supervisor through formal channels, results were not often satisfactory. Others chose to navigate difficulty in supervision through informal means. This typically involved mastery of artefacts of training, such as the electronic appointment book or training portfolio.ConclusionsThis paper builds on Bordin’s model of supervision to encourage greater clarity in supervisory discussions, exploring assumptions, and recognising the influences of environment, power, positioning, and agency. We have developed a Model of the Supervisory Alliance in Postgraduate GP Training (MSA-GP) to serve as a springboard for discussion for trainees and their supervisors.

The Role of Independent Directors in Ensuring Good Corporate Governance

For a long time, independent directors have been playing an important supervisory role in the operation and management of the company, protecting the interests of the owners of the enterprise and maintaining the balance of interests between the management of the company and the shareholders. The research in this paper aims to explore the positive role and problems of independent directors in good corporate governance, such as the positive role of independent directors in constraining and supervising directors, protecting the interests of small and medium-sized shareholders, and some problems such as the independence of independent directors being questioned. Through the establishment of some British committees, the independent directors have conducted in-depth studies to verify the problems of independent directors, published some insightful reports and comments, and put forward some suggestions for improvement. These debates have affirmed the supervisory function played by independent directors on the one hand, and pointed out the existing problems on the other, but it is undeniable that the existence of these problems can not erase the positive role played by independent directors in good corporate governance and their developmental future. Therefore, continuous improvement of independent directors to highlight their advantages in good corporate governance is the direction for independent directors to move forward in the new era.

STRATEGI PONDOK PESANTREN DALAM MENANAMKAN NILAI KEPEDULIAN SOSIAL MELALUI BUDAYA GOTONG ROYONG DAN BANTUAN INFAQ (Studi Kasus Di Pondok Pesantren Putri Walisongo Cukir Jombang)

Abstract: In indonesia, showing the value of social concern shows a declining symptorn caused by the develpment of technology and the internet, especially with the presence of smartphones that make people become morally narrow. Being less sensitive adn indifferent to the surrrounding environment makes a person an individualistic personality. With pesantren education, santri are taught and guided to have an attitude of helping each other, helping other (berinfaq), kinship, empathy and tolerance. The objectives that will be studied The study's aims will be as follows: (1) To describe strategy of Islamic boarding schools in instilling the importance of social care a culture of the mutual cooperation and infaq assistance ]and (2) to identify the elements that aid and hinder Islamic boarding schools in implementing a culture of mutual cooperation and infaq assistance for female students Walisongo Cukir Jombang. This research blends descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Techniques for gathering data include observation, interviews, and documentation. Techniques for data analysis include data reduction, data display, and verification. And to check the data's authenticity, use (1) credibility: a. improved persistence, b. observational extension, c. triangulation, (2) transferability, (3) dependability, (4) confirmability. The results of the research show that: 1) The administrators at the Islamic Boarding School of Walisongo Cukir Jombang in instilling the value of social care to students applying habituation patterns, and reguiring students to follow and help other students and fostering a sense of togetherness in carrying out the cleaning picket schedule. Factors in favor of the pondok in instilling a culture of mutual cooperation and infaq assistance at the Islamic Boarding School of Walisongo Cukir Jombang School include: a). there is direct control from the chairman of the pondok, b). the active role of complex administrators and supervisors, c). existence of facilities that support these activities, d). there is cohesiveness between the management and the supervisor and the students, d). motivation and exemplary examples from parents and administrators. Mean while, the inhibiting factors The following are the benefits of Islamic boarding schools in establishing the value of social caring in students: pupils' lack of understanding about the significance of social care to pupils is, kids' lack of awareness about the necessity of assisting and caring.

The association between managerial short-termism and green innovation: the moderating role of firms’ digital transformation

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of managerial short-termism on green innovation of firms and the moderating role of digital transformation of enterprises in the association between managerial short-termism and green innovation. Design/methodology/approach This study uses data from Chinese A-share listed companies from 2001 to 2021 and employ panel fixed model and moderating effect model to examine the impact of managerial short-termism on green innovation of firms and the moderating role of digital transformation of enterprises in the association between managerial short-termism and green innovation. Findings The findings of this study reveal that managerial short-termism exerts negative influence on green innovation. Digital transformation enables firms to reduce the adverse effect of managerial short-termism on green innovation because digital transformation enhances information processing ability and then improves internal corporate governance and analyst coverage. Moreover, the moderating role of digital transformation is more prominent for firms with lower internal corporate governance, for firms with less analyst coverage and for non-state-owned enterprises. Originality/value This paper intends to address the following two questions: what is the impact of managerial short-termism on green innovation and what is the role of digital transformation in the two variables’ association? By using data of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2001 to 2021 and developing two individual indexes to measure managerial short-termism and digital transformation, the authors empirically test these above two questions. The results of this study indicate that: First, drawn on time-oriented theory and upper echelon theory, managerial short-termism has an adverse effect on firms’ green innovation. Second, digital transformation enables firms to reduce the negative effect of managerial short-termism on green innovation. Furthermore, the moderating mechanism tests show that the corporate governance effects of digital transformation play a supervisory role that impels managers to reduce short-term investments and promote firms’ green R&D investments, which helps to reduce the negative effect of managerial short-termism on green innovation. Additionally, the heterogeneity checks show that the moderating role of digital transformation in the relation between managerial short-termism and green innovation is more prominent for firms with lower internal corporate governance, with less analyst coverage and for non-state-owned enterprises.

The Role of Law in the Development of Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation

As a participant of the Paris Agreement, Indonesia is obliged to carry out its obligations to reduce emission levels in its territory. An effort carried out by the Government is through the development and utilization of new, renewable energy and energy conservation. However, the said policy has not been implemented optimally. This article aims to analyze the role of law in optimizing policies in the field of new, renewable energy and energy conservation. This article was prepared using normative legal study through statutory and conceptual approach. The results of this research show that the current legal system has not been able to support new, renewable energy and energy conservation policies. One of the problems faced is business licensing, which occurs as a result of problems in every aspect of the legal system. Therefore, the Government needs to established policies through harmonization of regulations, increase capacity of the licensing system and its supporting elements, as well as increase the role of superiors and supervisors to create a business licensing system to achieve policy targets.

Television music curation in the playlist era

Today’s technologically eclectic media landscape – dominated by streaming algorithms, curated playlists and TikTok-spawned virality – has elevated the role of the television music supervisor. Film and television soundtracks, previously influenced by mixtapes and compilation CDs, have become inexorably shaped by the rise of streaming. Digging the infinite crates of the internet for rare and recycled tracks from yesterday and today, music supervisors for shows like High Fidelity (2020), The Bear (2022–present), Atlanta (2016–22) and Russian Doll (2019–present) have sculpted distinct sonic identities that grab viewers on-screen and retain their attention through their ‘Official Spotify Playlists’. This article traces the possibilities of the soundtrack in the playlist era through case studies of HBO’s eclectic anthology series High Maintenance (2012–20), as well as the unprecedented resurgence of Kate Bush via Netflix’s Stranger Things (2016–present).

I wouldn't be working this way if I had a family - Differences in remote workers' needs for supervisor's family-supportiveness depending on the parental status

This study investigates how working remotely blurs the boundaries between work and non-work domains by contrasting the experiences of employees with different parental status. The study further shows how leaders can mitigate this blurring via family-supportive supervisor behaviours (FSSB), and extends the concept to encompass non-work roles beyond the family. Working from home leads to an increasing intertwining of work and non-work roles, with family status playing a significant role in shaping boundary challenges and support needs. Through semi-structured interviews with 89 employees working from home in various industries, the study reveals that parents and non-parents, distinct in their challenges and requirements, exhibit varied demonstrated needs from their leaders. As parent employees require flexible boundaries to attend to their family responsibilities, non-parent employees need safeguards to maintain boundaries around their private life. The results underscore that FSSB benefit employees regardless of parental status. This study emphasizes the importance of employers tailoring their work-life programs to accommodate the diverse needs of employees, and recognizes the pivotal role of supervisors in attuning their supportive behaviours to employees' work-nonwork boundary needs and preferences.

Determinants of Front-Line Supervisor Effectiveness in Engineering Team-Based Organizations

This study presents a structural equation model for understanding the determinants of front-line supervisor effectiveness in engineering team-based organizations. The study uses partial least squares to evaluate and quantify the interrelationships between the front-line supervisor effectiveness determinants. Nine hypotheses are proposed and tested using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results show that the organizational context has a direct and positive influence on skill variety, which in turn, has a direct and positive influence on front-line supervisor effectiveness. Similarly, adaptive performance has a direct and positive influence on front-line supervisor effectiveness. The study provides useful insights for refocusing front-line supervisors’ development initiatives, improving front-line effectiveness, and selecting candidates for front-line supervisor roles in engineering team-based organizations.

How does leader career calling stimulate employee career growth? The role of career crafting and supervisor–subordinate guanxi

PurposeThis paper aims to explore how leader career calling stimulates employee career growth, with the supervisor–subordinate guanxi serving as a moderating factor.Design/methodology/approachStudy 1 demonstrated that high leader career calling served as a catalyst for employee career crafting. The experiment provided causal evidence for the relationship between these two constructs, exhibiting strong internal validity. However, due to the challenges in measuring supervisor–subordinate guanxi and career growth within the context of a scenario experiment, Study 2 was designed to test the entire model and enhance the external validity of the findings.FindingsLeader career calling significantly predicts employee career growth, while employee career crafting serves as a mediating mechanism in the relationship between leader career calling and employee career growth. Moreover, supervisor–subordinate guanxi positively moderates the relationship between leader career calling and employee career crafting. Furthermore, the mediating effect of employee career crafting in the relationship between leader career calling and employee career growth is contingent upon the quality of supervisor–subordinate guanxi. This study sheds light on the role of leader career calling in employee career growth and provides insights into the mechanisms facilitating employee career growth.Originality/valueFirstly, it explores leader-to-employee career calling transmission, extending the career calling study beyond individual impacts. It emphasizes how leaders' work attitudes shape employee career growth. Secondly, it reveals career crafting as a mediator between leader career calling and employee career growth, identifying a new influence mechanism and expanding upon the primarily job crafting-focused existing literature. Lastly, it identifies supervisor–subordinate guanxi quality as a moderator in the leader career calling-employee career crafting relationship. This perspective enriches career calling research, illustrating how specific conditions stimulate career crafting.

Black Male Supervisors Navigating Racial Battle Fatigue: A Grounded Theory Approach

AbstractA significantly relevant issue that affects Black men in the workplace is a condition known as racial battle fatigue (RBF). RBF fosters systemic and systematic occupational and economic disparities that are experienced by Black men more regularly than their White counterparts (Smith et al., 2007). This qualitative study utilized a constructivist grounded theory methodology based on interviews with 11 Black male supervisors to understand the meaning of their cognitive and behavioral experiences as they navigated microaggressions, microinequities, and vicarious racism. These experiences contribute to our understanding of RBF. The findings revealed that Black male supervisors in various industries encountered and experienced RBF in the workplace. In addition, this research revealed that participants were subjected to various subtle and overt forms of racial stress due to microlevel and macrolevel RBF. The participants’ stories identified epistemic employment injustice and white fear as obstacles and barriers that Black men in supervisory roles face because of RBF in the workplace. The study also indicated that participants deployed managing and coping strategies to address the emotional contagions and emotional trauma resulting from their experiences. This research has implications for workplace policy change initiatives, cultural training and education, intergroup dialog courses, and clinical health practitioners. Recommendations pertaining to interventions that address trauma, mental health, and maladaptive behaviors are provided.

Collaborative technologies and project performance in manufacturing in the industry 4.0 environment: Mediating effect of individual, organizational, sociotechnical factors

AbstractThe use of collaborative technologies (CT) in the industry 4.0 environment has become ubiquitous. While industry practitioners acknowledge the positive influence of CT on operations and projects of their organizations, yet there seem to be insufficient scholarly insights into the link between CT and project performance (PP). Hence, this study deploys the resource dependence theory to posit the influence of CT on PP, along with mediating roles of the individual factors (IF), organizational factors (OF), and sociotechnical factors (STF) in the above relationship. A set of hypotheses is developed and tested through cross‐sectional survey data collected from 392 employees in managerial and supervisory roles, in manufacturing organizations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The analysis conducted through structural equation modeling using SmartPLS indicates that CT positively influences PP. Moreover, the study found that IF, OF, and STF are all significant mediators in the relationships between CT and perceived project performance (PPP). This study contributes to the extant literature and industry practice by providing, nuanced insights into the role of pertinent mediators in the link between CT and PP.

The determinants of abusive supervision

Purpose On the basis of affective events theory, this study aims to examine the connection between work-related events (i.e. supervisor role ambiguity and role conflicts) and abusive supervision via emotion (i.e. supervisor frustration). This study also examines the moderating role of supervisor personality traits (i.e. neuroticism and conscientiousness). Design/methodology/approach This study collected lagged and multisource field data (472 subordinates and supervisors dyads) from the service organizations. Findings The data collected supported majority of this study’s hypothesized relationships regarding determinants of abusive supervision. Practical implications This study underlines what triggers supervisor abuse. This study also enables organizations with the intervention opportunity to reduce the effects of supervisor role ambiguity, role conflict, negative emotions and personality on triggering abusive supervision. Originality/value Prior research on abusive supervision has extensively focused on its outcomes, leaving a noteworthy research gap about what triggers abusive supervision. To fill this important gap in leadership literature, this study proposed and tested a research model of determinants of supervisor abuse. Thus, this study contributes to leadership and abusive supervision research. Implications and future research directions are discussed.

The effect of corporate governance, corporate social responsibility and information asymmetry on the value of Indonesian-listed firms

Purpose This study aims to examine the influence of corporate governance (CG) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) on firm value while accounting for the impact of information asymmetry. Design/methodology/approach This empirical analysis is based on 1,079 observations from 83 listed Indonesian firms for the period 2007–2019. The authors applied simultaneous equation models with ordinary least squares and two-stage least squares. Findings The authors present empirical evidence of CG mechanisms that significantly contribute to low levels of CSR. Moreover, the authors identify a significant impact of information asymmetry on the relationship between CG, CSR and firm value. Research limitations/implications The results show that information asymmetry, CG and CSR do not necessarily result in improved firm value across boards. Moreover, the employment of a nonlinear Cobb–Douglas-type function indicated diminishing marginal returns. Practical implications The findings can help policymakers in developing countries in improving the monitoring and supervisory roles of CG mechanisms to provide more support to CSR, increasing regulatory pressures for improved CSR performance and reducing information asymmetry by adopting a standardized CSR reporting scheme. Social implications The suggested implications can contribute to more sustainable practices among Indonesian-listed firms as well as improving relationships with consumers and stakeholders toward the practice of CSR. Originality/value The adoption of a comprehensive CSR measurement tool to examine the value of CSR contributes to the extant literature, along with examining the impact of information asymmetry on the relationship between CG, CSR and firm value in a developing country context.

Peran Pengawas dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Guru Madrasah di MTs. Negeri 2 Aceh Tamiang

One factor in the low quality of education is the need for more training for teachers in schools and madrasas. This is the task and role of supervisors in developing teachers to improve the quality of education. Therefore, the main focus of this research is to describe the role of supervisors in improving the quality of teachers in madrasas. This research is descriptive and qualitative, taking the location of MTs.Negeri 2 Aceh Tamiang is the research location. Data was collected using interviews and observations of supervisors and madrasa heads as key informants. "Data analysis is guided by Miles and Huberman's theory through data reduction and data presentation followed by conclusions or verification." The end of this paper concludes that supervisors improve teachers' quality at the MTs.Negeri 2 Aceh Tamiang madrasah has made optimal supervision efforts in the academic and managerial fields. It is proven that supervisors have assisted in improving teachers' abilities in preparing the administration of learning planning/guidance programs, implementing learning/guidance, and carrying out assessments of student learning outcomes. Meanwhile, the managerial sector has guided madrasa heads.

The Role of the Supervisor in Implementing Supervision to Enhance the Quality of Student Learning Outcomes Through Continuous Improvement

This research explores the role of supervisors, particularly school principals, in improving student learning outcomes through continuous improvement. The study emphasizes the integral role of school principals in educational institutions. The research investigates the three key phases of supervision: planning, implementation, and evaluation. Effective supervision commences with comprehensive planning at the start of the academic year, involving all teachers and school staff. The core of supervised programs lies in their implementation, during which the principal observes teaching, classroom conditions, and student engagement. Subsequently, the evaluation stage involves an analysis of planning and implementation, enabling the identification of strategies and solutions to address issues and achieve continuous improvement. The qualitative methods employed in this research include observation, interviews, and documentation at sekolah menengah pertama katolik (SMPK) Kolese St. Yusup 2 Malang. The results demonstrate that the planning, implementation, and evaluation stages of supervision at SMPK Kolese St. Yusup 2 Malang have successfully adopted a continuous improvement approach. This is evidenced by improvements in teacher effectiveness, social and personality competencies, and student learning outcomes, with notable achievements at local, regional, and national levels. The findings underscore the transformative potential of school principals as agents of change in academic supervision activities.

Media coverage and corporate ESG performance: Evidence from China

In the context of increasing concern about climate issues, corporate environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance has received widespread attention from the public. Our study focuses on empirically analyzing the effects of media coverage on corporate ESG performance in China. The findings suggest that media coverage plays an effective supervisory role in improving corporate ESG performance. This finding is robust after addressing the potential endogeneity issues. Furthermore, we find that media coverage improves by increasing analysts' attention and deterring agency costs. Our results provide effective suggestions to help enterprises achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals and to help the media play an effective supervisory role in achieving sustainable development.

Peran Pengawasan Dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Karyawan Di PT. Surya Citra Solution

This research aims to determine and explain the role of supervision in improving employee performance at PT. SURYA CITRA SOLUTION. In carrying out this research, researchers used descriptive qualitative research. This research uses a special method which aims to explain certain phenomena in depth and the data collection technique is carried out using observations so that researchers immediately go into the field to obtain truly reliable data. The research results show that the supervisory role has a big influence in improving employee performance. Because the leader is the most dominant person and has authority and power in all efforts to create employee work discipline