Supervision Process Research Articles

Enhancing Teacher Quality: The Role of Digitalization in Transforming Educational Supervision

This research aims to develop a system-based academic supervision model to address specific inefficiencies in the supervision process, such as logistical challenges and resource limitations. The purpose of this research is to develop a system-based academic supervision model in overcoming the ineffectiveness of the academic supervision process. The method in this research is development research using the Borg and Gall model which consists of 10 steps of product development from preliminary research to product dissemination . The research subjects were teachers and school supervisors in Salatiga City, especially in elementary schools consisting of public and private schools. The selection of subjects is based on subjects with criteria, namely subjects who play an active role in the academic supervision process and have experience in academic supervision at school. The instruments in this study were observation guidelines, interview guidelines, user perception questionnaire, and product trial questionnaire. The research instruments have been validated by expert validators and meet the criteria of valid and reliable. The results showed that the development of the Management Information System for academic supervision of the Borg and Gall model resulted in a product that met the criteria of valid, effective and practical for academic supervision. The research findings show that using the academic supervision system makes it easier for supervisors and teachers to carry out the academic supervision process. In addition, the efficiency of supervision becomes better, because it can overcome the distance and the limited number of supervisors to the number of schools whose ratio is not balanced.In addition, the use of an academic supervision system speeds up the supervision process, simplifies the use of assessment instruments, and is practically used flexibly.

가습기살균제 피해사건의 국가배상책임 인정 판결에 대한 고찰

The “Humidifier Disinfectant Incident,” where numerous citizens suffered serious health damages from humidifier disinfectants sold in Korea from 1994 to 2011, can be attributed to the irresponsible actions of companies that failed to ensure product safety and the negligence of the government and related organizations in properly managing and supervising these products. Victims and their families claimed damages against manufacturers and the state, but only the manufacturers' liability for damages was primarily recognized, with state compensation liability not being acknowledged. Additionally, the court decided on the liability of manufacturers and sales companies based on whether the primary ingredient of the humidifier disinfectant was of the P series (PHMG/PGH) or C series (CMIT/MIT). Around January 2012, the Seoul Central District Court, through the 2012Gahab4515 damages case, dismissed the claims of the victims and their families on January 19, 2015, not recognizing the state's fault. However, recently, on February 6, 2024, the Seoul High Court issued a significant ruling through case 2015Na2014486, marking the first time state compensation liability was recognized in this matter. This judgment emphasizes the responsibility of the state and relevant agencies in the safety assessment and supervision process of chemicals, reaffirming the importance of state measures to protect the health and safety of its citizens. Notably, this ruling provides critical insights on how the state should respond to ensure citizens' rights to a healthy and comfortable environment against harmful chemicals. Therefore, this study examines the significant legal grounds and principles through this landmark decision, affirming the state's legal responsibilities and duties in public health management and crisis response through chemical management, thereby contributing to reestablishing the role of the state in protecting the lives and safety of its citizens.

Student‐generated metaphor in research supervision: An arts‐based method

AbstractPrevious research has highlighted the impact and importance of the use of client‐generated metaphor in psychotherapy (Cott, 2020). While researching this topic, we began to incorporate student‐generated metaphor into the research supervision process. This was found to enhance the supervision relationship, providing a quick and immediate insight into the supervisee's lived experience and pastoral needs at each stage of the research journey. This work developed into an arts‐based research supervision method, which reduced the power differential in the supervisory relationship, and made space for the supervisee to communicate their learning experience on their own terms. In this paper, we will set out the rationale for using student‐generated metaphor in research supervision and share further student feedback on this process, including future ideas for research and practice. We argue that theory and research on research supervision often neglect its pastoral component, and that providing excellent pastoral support to postgraduate researchers is key. The paper will conclude by making the case that the use of student‐generated metaphor in research supervision can be a simple and effective way to bring the supervisory relationship into focus.

Design of a Website-Based Project Management Information System at Warung Nasi Kak Jum Saridah

Concept, testing, and service are the main priorities in the Warung Nasi Kak Jum Saridah business. Considering the use of paper media in order recording, table monitoring, and product data systems, problems often arise such as data duplication, misplaced documents, and errors in orders. Therefore, to overcome this problem, Warung Nasi Kak Jum Saridah needs a cashier management information system. This system will help business owners manage product data, monitor the dining table, and manage transactions more efficiently. Prototype analysis using the waterfall method in developing the cashier management information system at Warung Nasi Kak Jum Saridah. The hope is that this system will facilitate the overall cashier supervision and management process, increase efficiency in daily operations, and reduce errors that often occur in recording and monitoring data. Thus, the implementation of the cashier management information system will have a positive impact on the productivity and quality of Warung Nasi Kak Jum Saridah services to customers.

The second victim phenomenon: A qualitative study among bachelor’s degree nursing students within the clinical learning environment

AimThis study explores and describes the second victim phenomenon in nursing students in association with the characteristics of the clinical learning environment and the clinical supervision process. DesignQualitative design using conventional content analysis and summative content analysis approaches. MethodsFrom September 2022 to July 2023, in-depth semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 10 undergraduate nursing students. ResultsSix main themes were developed: ‘defining the physical and psychological responses after the most significant patient safety incident’, ‘analyzing the characteristics of patient safety incidents’, ‘creating a safe learning environment to provide the best care for patients’, ‘developing mentorship capabilities and qualities for an ideal follow up of students as a second victim’, ‘providing resources and integrating support structures to second victim nursing students during their clinical learning’, and ‘considering the cooperation and coordination between the health institution and the higher education institutions.’ ConclusionNursing students become second victims during their clinical placement. The clinical learning environment and mentoring characteristics influence the second victim experience.

A Correlational Investigation into Master Thesis Supervisory Feedback through Online Learning Platforms: Moulay Ismail University Master Students as a Case Study

Many universities and other higher education institutions in Morocco are realizing that distance learning is an advantageous alternative for traditional education. Online research supervision has also been found to play a critical role in the process of conducting research. Research suggests that online supervisory feedback improves the process of research more than that taking place in face-to-face settings. However, many Moroccan university graduate students have encountered numerous challenges in adapting to online learning platforms and successfully receiving feedback on their research theses. The present study aims at investigating the interrelationship between master students’ thesis supervisory feedback through online learning platforms and their achievement. Data were collected from 30 university graduates at the school of Arts and Human Sciences in Meknes. We employed a cross-sectional survey to explore students’ attitudes towards different characteristics of supervisory feedback. We also measured their research achievement by analyzing their research thesis scores. The findings suggest that there is a significant relationship between students’ thesis supervisory feedback through online learning platforms and their achievement. However, the results also revealed that online research supervision can be limited when no technical instructions and trainings are provided to both the supervisor and supervisee. Our findings suggest some implications for both university research supervisors and the institutions. Supervisors need to engage more in online research supervision as it has been found to play a significant role in enhancing the quality of research. Technical support should be provided for both research supervisors and students to facilitate their engagement in the supervision and research processes.

Pengaruh Kemampuan Manajerial Kepala Sekolah terhadap Kinerja Guru Sekolah Dasar di Gugus Lampeuneurut Aceh Besar

The quality of education in an area is influenced by various factors, including teacher performance. Teachers must work professionally to develop outstanding students. Teacher performance is believed to be related to the principal's leadership abilities. The aim of this research is to determine the influence of school principal management skills on the performance of elementary school teachers in the Lampenurut Aceh Besar cluster. This research is a type of correlational research. The research was conducted in elementary schools in Aceh Besar district. The populations of this study were all teachers who taught in elementary schools in the Lampenurut Aceh Besar cluster. The sample was then taken through a proportional random sample of 156 teachers. Data was collected using a questionnaire distributed to respondents. The questionnaire contains the principal's management skills and teacher performance. Research variables were measured using a Likert scale. The data obtained was then tested using the Pearson product-moment correlation test using the SPSS 26 program. The research results showed that the average management ability of school principals was moderate. This can be seen in the competence of school principals in the planning, implementation, organizing/management, and supervision processes. Likewise, the average teacher performance is also in the middle category. Teacher performance is evaluated using three indicators, namely planning, implementation, and learning assessment. The results of statistical tests show that the principal's leadership influences the performance of elementary school teachers in Lampenurut District. The better the principal's management skills, the better the teacher's performance, and vice versa.

Dog Phobia Within the Framework of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Case Report

This case report discusses the psychotherapy and supervision process of a 28-year-old female client with a dog phobia using the framework of cognitive behavioral therapy. The first section delves into the client’s life history, the reason for seeking therapy, the primary issues, and the progression of these issues. We describe the cognitive-behavioral therapy process and the clinical follow-up. We mentioned the topics covered in the sessions and detailed the techniques used. The therapy resulted in a decrease or even the disappearance of the client’s dog phobia. The therapist administered the Specific Phobia Scale in the first and last sessions, scoring 34 in the first session and 0 in the last session. We anticipate that the results of this study will shed light on the suitability of cognitive behavioral therapy for specific phobias and the impact of online therapy.

A universal multiple instance learning framework for whole slide image analysis

BackgroundThe emergence of digital whole slide image (WSI) has driven the development of computational pathology. However, obtaining patch-level annotations is challenging and time-consuming due to the high resolution of WSI, which limits the applicability of fully supervised methods. We aim to address the challenges related to patch-level annotations. MethodsWe propose a universal framework for weakly supervised WSI analysis based on Multiple Instance Learning (MIL). To achieve effective aggregation of instance features, we design a feature aggregation module from multiple dimensions by considering feature distribution, instances correlation and instance-level evaluation. First, we implement instance-level standardization layer and deep projection unit to improve the separation of instances in the feature space. Then, a self-attention mechanism is employed to explore dependencies between instances. Additionally, an instance-level pseudo-label evaluation method is introduced to enhance the available information during the weak supervision process. Finally, a bag-level classifier is used to obtain preliminary WSI classification results. To achieve even more accurate WSI label predictions, we have designed a key instance selection module that strengthens the learning of local features for instances. Combining the results from both modules leads to an improvement in WSI prediction accuracy. ResultsExperiments conducted on Camelyon16, TCGA-NSCLC, SICAPv2, PANDA and classical MIL benchmark datasets demonstrate that our proposed method achieves a competitive performance compared to some recent methods, with maximum improvement of 14.6 % in terms of classification accuracy. ConclusionOur method can improve the classification accuracy of whole slide images in a weakly supervised way, and more accurately detect lesion areas.

Supervisees’ perspectives on countertransference-focused practices and processes in clinical supervision: an exploratory study

ABSTRACT This study examined 78 counseling and psychology supervisees’ perceptions of supervision practices and processes focused on identifying and managing countertransference (CT). They reported that most supervisors paid some attention to CT. They (a) rated supervisors who neglected it entirely as lower on effectiveness and (b) rated supervisory alliance higher when CT was addressed in at least 50% of the sessions. The study also categorized respondents’ reports of (a) what cues had signaled a CT event to them (12 categories: clustered into those concerning feelings, cognitions, and in-therapy behaviors) and (b) how their supervisors had responded to that event (seven categories).

The process in-between: Parents' perceptions about how practitioners promote the outcomes of the Incredible Years Basic program.

Practitioners are recognized as one of the key components that make parenting interventions meaningful and helpful to families, and the impact of practitioners' skills on the outcomes of parenting interventions has been consistently recognized in research. However, the mechanisms and ongoing processes through which the practitioners' actions and skills may impact parental engagement and other outcomes remain unknown. This qualitative study explored parents' perceptions about the processes through which specific practitioners' skills contribute to the outcomes of the Incredible Years Basic Parent Program (IYPP). Twenty-four Portuguese parents who had completed the IYPP were interviewed in four focus groups, and the data were analyzed through thematic analysis. Practitioners' skills were perceived by parents as having an impact on their engagement in the program, their process of change, and their interpersonal relationships. Practitioners were perceived to demonstrate their influence in the intervention process through six different roles: the roles of a confidant, a positive coach, a partner, a maestro, a tailor, and a congruent person. This study reinforces the prominent role of practitioners in enabling parental outcomes of an evidence-based parenting program and suggests that more attention should be paid to continuing supervision and other professional development processes.

Implementasi Penerapan Resiko Keamanan Industri 4.0 Berbasis Nilai Nilai Kebangsaan UUD 1945 dalam Proses Produksi PT.Toyota Astra Indonesia

Industrial safety is an important aspect in maintaining a safe work environment and in accordance with applicable legal regulations. In the context of manufacturing companies such as PT. Toyota Astra Indonesia, implementing industrial safety is crucial to ensure the production process runs smoothly and safely for its workers. This article discusses the implementation of industrial security based on the 1945 Constitution (UUD 1945) in the production process of PT. Toyota Astra Indonesia. Industrial security implementation steps carried out by PT. Toyota Astra Indonesia includes the implementation of strict work safety standards, supervision of the use of work equipment, employee training on safety, and regular audits to ensure compliance with regulations contained in UUD No. 1 of 1970 concerning Work Safety. Apart from that, the company also pays attention to environmental protection aspects in its production process in supervision so as to integrate work safety with environmental sustainability. In the context of the 1945 Constitution, the implementation of industrial security at PT. Toyota Astra Indonesia includes a company's code of ethics in (UUD No. 40 of 2007 Article 74), policies and compliance with the law, health and safety policies at work, and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) policies directed at ensuring that workers' rights are respected. guaranteed in the 1945 Constitution to be fulfilled properly. In this way, the company ensures that a safe and conducive work environment is the right of every worker in accordance with applicable legal provisions. By implementing industrial security based on the 1945 Constitution, PT. Toyota Astra Indonesia not only ensures compliance with legal regulations, but also supports the country by contributing to providing automotive capabilities and maintaining the company's reputation and increasing overall productivity. In addition, the integration of job security and environmental protection also reflects the company's commitment to sustainability and corporate social responsibility.

The profile of Romanian emigrants under the supervision of Dolj county probation service

The supervision of probation services includes criminally convicted persons, who for a period between 6 months and 4 years, or even longer (in the case of persons released conditionally from prison), must comply with a series of measures and obligations ordered by the court. However, in Romania, a very large number of people entering the supervision of probation services leave the country, most of them for employment purposes, bringing a series of challenges to probation counselors in the supervision process. Who are these people who leave the country, where do they go, why do they leave, we will answer all these questions in this material, as a result of a research carried out within the Dolj probation service by analyzing a representative number of probation files.

PERSPECTIVES OF EARLY CAREER SUPERVISORS ON NAVIGATING THE SOCIO-EMOTIONAL NEEDS OF THEIR DOCTORAL CANDIDATES

All supervisors of doctoral research aim at guiding their students towards success on their doctoral journeys. Desired characteristics of successfully guiding doctoral studies have been widely reported in relevant literature and gave rise to various models of exemplary supervisory practice. One area within the supervisory relationship that has received limited attention is the emotional aspect of supervisors’ role, their dispositional qualities of mind and character which are key factors in establishing an intellectual and emotional working rapport with candidates. This exploratory qualitative study sought to gain a deepened understanding of how supervisors address the socio-emotional needs of their students. A combination of online and in-person semistructured interviews with ten doctoral study supervisors, and thematic analysis of data, revealed that supervisors fully acknowledge the notion that interpersonal and emotional issues are key factors in the supervisory process. However, the way they see, and experience emotional factors differ. While some regard the supervisory process as an intellectual academic relationship, others regard supervision more as mentoring, allowing more space for selfexpression and emotions. The study’s findings carry implications for enhancing the training and support offered to doctoral supervisors and students enrolled in doctoral programmes, as well as identifying potential areas for improvement.

Navigating stress, anxiety, and mentorship: Challenges for students working on dissertations in the pandemic era

PhD students often encounter significant challenges, stress, and anxiety throughout their academic journey, particularly in their final year. This study explores the common difficulties faced by PhD students conducting thesis research at Chinese universities, focusing on their experiences with online supervision during the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey was conducted with ten full-time PhD students from selected Chinese universities, utilizing a combination of scaled, closed, and open-ended questions. The results indicate that students faced considerable challenges during online supervision, mainly due to inadequate funding and irregular, delayed supervisor feedback. Significant sources of stress and anxiety included thesis writing, supervisor relationships, and socioeconomic issues. However, adequate supervision, timely feedback, and purposeful guidance were found to mitigate these challenges. The study concludes that online supervision during the pandemic has intensified the difficulties faced by PhD students, negatively impacting the quality of their research and completion rates. To improve the supervision process, students recommended enhancing communication, increasing supervisor accessibility, and providing prompt feedback to support timely dissertation completion.

Breaking Supervisor-Student Trust: Perspectives of Students

Some supervisors do not treat students well and this impacts on trust which can be viewed as a cornerstone for the supervision. The supervisor-student trust is a fragile element of supervision, if not handled with care it can break and thus bringing supervision relationship to and end. Hence supervisors and student should clearly understand their roles in sustaining trust so that they can mould it accordingly. This paper sought to explore issues that can break trust between supervisors and students. It was framed qualitatively and employed semi-structured interviews for data generation. Five themes emerged from analysis of findings. These themes were dehumanising pedagogy/behaviour, treating students as tabula rasa, incompetent supervisor, lack of understanding between the supervisor and co-supervisor and harshness. This paper concludes that some supervisors do not understand that students, as adults, have other responsibilities to take care of on top of the study and some supervisors are not patient with students and that affects trust. Therefore, this paper recommends that supervisors and students discuss terms and conditions of the supervision process so that they clearly define expectations at the early stages of supervision.

Competency-Based Online Teaching Supervision Process for Technical and Vocational Preservice Teachers

The aim of this study is to assess the teaching proficiency of technical and vocational preservice teachers. This assessment aims to pave the way for the effective management of online teaching oversight based on established competency standards. Additionally, the study explores the integration of digital technology in the realm of online teaching supervision. The research approach employed a combination of research and development, utilizing content analysis of relevant literature and research, while also constructing supervision models. The findings revealed that the teaching proficiency of technical and vocational preservice teachers encompassed various facets, including the formulation of comprehensive learning management plans, the use of enriching learning activities, the execution of teaching strategies, the utilization of media and technology, and the implementation of measurement and evaluation methods. The process of online teaching supervision was found to involve a few distinct stages, namely preparation for supervision, the execution of supervision activities, guidance and mentorship, continual improvement coaching, and the subsequent reporting of coaching outcomes. Furthermore, the integration of digital technology into online teaching oversight was shown to manifest itself in two principal approaches: synchronous and asynchronous modes.

Pelaksanaan Fungsi Pendamping Desa dalam Pengelolaan Dana Desa Tahun Anggaran 2020 di Desa Tebole dan Desa Lenguselu Kecamatan Rote Selatan Kabupaten Rote Ndao Berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Desa Pembangunan Daerah Tertinggal dan Transmigrasi Nomor 3 Tahun

The development and progress of villages as the smallest units in the governance structure are crucial for sustainable national development. In this context, the role of village facilitators has a significant impact on assisting villages in realizing their full potential. Village facilitators play a crucial role in assisting village governments in effectively and efficiently managing village funds to achieve sustainable community development and empowerment. The research problems in this study can be formulated as follows: (1) To what extent is the implementation of facilitation functions by village facilitators in the management of village funds in the fiscal year 2020 in Tebole Village and Lenguselu Village, South Rote District, Rote Ndao Regency, based on the Minister of Village, Development of Disadvantaged Regions, and Transmigration Regulation Number 3 of 2015 Regarding Village Facilitation? And (2) What are the factors inhibiting the implementation of Village Facilitator functions in the management of Village Funds in South Rote District, Rote Ndao Regency? The purpose of this study is to describe the implementation of Village Facilitator functions in the management of Village funds in Tebole Village and Lenguselu Village. This study is a Juridical Empirical study where data is obtained directly from relevant parties or institutions. After collecting the necessary data, the researcher processes and categorizes the data according to its type and source. The population in this study is the Village Head, Village Facilitators, and the Community, totaling 13 people. The Village Head consists of 2 people, Village Facilitators consist of 1 person, and the Community consists of 10 people. The results of this study indicate that: (1) This study explores the implementation of village facilitator functions in the three main stages of village fund management: planning, implementation, and supervision of village development in Tebole Village and Lenguselu Village, South Rote District, Rote Ndao Regency. The results show that village facilitators have not effectively carried out their functions in these three stages. (2) Inhibiting factors in the implementation of village facilitator functions in the management of village funds in Tebole Village and Lenguselu Village. These factors include the low level of education of village facilitators, which reduces their effectiveness in assisting in the planning, implementation, and supervision processes, insufficient budget availability perceived by the village government and village facilitators, and a lack of support in infrastructure and facilities, which poses a serious obstacle for village facilitators. The author's recommendations for this study are that the government needs to improve the education and training of village facilitators, enhance budget transparency, strengthen partnerships with village governments, and provide adequate infrastructure and facilities to support the tasks of village facilitators. By implementing these recommendations, significant improvements in village fund management and local community progress are expected.

Investigating Dissertation Supervisors’ Characteristics Valued by Supervisees and their Effect on the Supervision Process

The Supervision process requires both supervisors and supervisees to perceive supervisors’ qualities as a determining criterion in the selection of supervisors. In order to investigate supervisors’ characteristics valued by supervisees and their effect on the supervision process in the English department at the University of Tiaret, two questionnaires were handed to 40 Master 2 Didactic students and 10 teachers selected through purposive sampling The data generated were subject to quantitative and qualitative analysis. The findings revealed that supervisees appreciate supportive, flexible, responsive, available and knowledgeable supervisors. Results also suggested that directive, demanding, unresponsive and inaccessible supervisors are not appreciated. Further, it was found that lack of clear guidelines on how to choose a good supervisor, lack of awareness of the roles of supervisors and supervisees and obliviousness of supervisors’ contribution to supervisees’ overall development were the principal reasons causing challenges in finding a suitable supervisor. The findings also showed that supervisors’ selected characteristics enhance supervision by creating an inclusive and productive environment that reaches intended outcomes efficiently. Considering these results, the following pedagogical implications are offered. The study argues for organizing seminars to inform (future) supervisees of characteristics of good supervisors and how to choose a suitable one, cultivating a positive relationship between supervisors and supervisees by clarifying the roles of each, scheduling meetings between supervisors and supervisees to create a code of conduct for working together on long terms, regulating guidelines for supervisor selection and tailoring supervisory programs that prioritize the characteristics identified in this research.

Influence of Credit Risk Management Practices on Loan Performance: A Case of Selected Microfinance Institutions in Tanzania

This research investigates the influence of credit risk management practices on loan performance of microfinance institutions. The variables of interest in this study are credit appraisal, credit supervision, credit monitoring (as predictor variables) and loan performance (as dependent variable). However, the study includes average credit processing time as a control variable. The study focuses on five microfinance institutions operating in Tanzania. The research utilizes probability and non-probability sampling to select 140 respondents from the study population. The study collected both primary and secondary data. Data analysis was carried out by applying multiple regression analysis following the assumptions of ordinary least squares (OLS). The findings reveal that credit supervision, credit monitoring, and average credit process time are significant in influencing loan performance in microfinance institutions. Contrary, there is no evidence, whatsoever to suggest that credit supervision influences loan performance in microfinance institutions.