Supervision Effort Research Articles

Model Akuntabilitas Birokrasi di Era Otonomi Khusus Aceh (Tinjauan Terhadap Tes Shalat dan Baca Al-Qur'an di Kabupaten Aceh Barat Daya)

The implementation of local government in the context of the Special Autonomy of Aceh has the freedom of the regional government to administer government in accordance with the principles of good governance. In Indonesia it is regulated by Law No. 28 of 1999 concerning the Organization of a clean and free country of corruption and nepotism, through various innovations and creativity to create good governance based on the public interest. This is to answer various problems surrounding the low performance of the bureaucracy because many are entangled in various corruption cases. One attempt to change the government bureaucracy is good, then introduced a new model through local wisdom in the Southwest Aceh District of Aceh Province, by carrying out the Prayer Test and Reading the Qur’an to prospective structural officials, as an effort to reform bureaucracy to create bureaucratic accountability, which It is expected that these activities will produce bureaucrats who are religiously accountable and customer oriented. However, this program must be carried out in a sustainable and comprehensive manner through complementary programs that support the program and do not underestimate the supervision efforts which as a classic action create a healthy bureaucracy.

Development of a Rehab-Wiki for rehabilitation-Related Educational Materials Assigned to Competence-Based Learning Objectives

For adequate rehabilitative care, it is indispensable to impart appropriate competences in medical education based on learning objectives. In addition to the "National Competence-Based Learning Objectives Catalogue for Medicine (NKLM)", a competence-based learning objectives catalogue for the field of rehabilitation in the interdisciplinary subject "Rehabilitation, Physical Medicine, Naturopathy" (RPMN) was recently presented. These learning objectives were to be assigned to a wide variety of teaching materials of different media types and made easily accessible to university lecturers in a free online database. The database should also contain flexible teaching and learning modules as well as information on didactic methods. Teaching materials from six university locations were assigned to the rehabilitation-related learning objective sections of the competence-based learning objective catalogue for RPMN and the NKLM. Presentation slides and text-based material were integrated in PDF-format. Educational films were embedded in a non-public channel on the video platform "YouTube". As a result, they could be referenced in the online database designed as a MediaWiki. The contents of this "rehab-wiki" (www.rehawiki.uni-halle.de) were structured using four thematic portals: The "Teaching and Learning Objectives Portal" contains the competence-based learning objectives and keywords for the content to be taught along with links to suitable didactic methods and available teaching materials. The "Teaching and Learning Methods Portal" contains didactic methods with detailed instructions. In the "Teaching Materials Portal" the teaching materials are grouped according to media type and the "Glossary" portal contains definitions and links to important rehabilitation medicine terms based on the "Social Medicine Glossary" published by the Federal German Pension Insurance. Just 6 months after implementation and presentation of the platform at a congress, 53 interdisciplinary users with teaching positions at German universities have registered. The "rehab-wiki" provides an intuitive online database. It contains teaching materials of various media types, which are assigned to competence-based learning objective sections, and suitable didactic methods. Teachers are supported in designing learning goal-oriented, didactically advanced and appealing rehabilitation courses. The MediaWiki-system enables constant further development by the teaching community requiring low long-term supervision effort. The "rehab-wiki" also offers a starting-point for continuing education and advanced training as well as for other occupational groups involved in rehabilitation.

Legal Politics Aspect of Regulation, Efforts of Safeguard, Supervision, and Control Over the Comercial Explosives in Indonesia

The consequence of Indonesia as a state of law in accordance with Article 1 Paragraph (3) of the Constitution 1945 is that it creates legal politics which continues to develop in accordance with the dynamics of political life in the Indonesia state. Legal politics that has occurred in Indonesia was when the reform movement emerged demanding the separation of the Indonesian National Police and the TNI which had long been integrated into the Indonesian Armed Forces. Based on this incident, it has an impact on the regulation of Commercial Explosives in Indonesia according to the Decree of the President of the Republic of Indonesia Number 125 of 1999 about Explosives, with licensing arrangements generally still being issued by the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Indonesia. However, the technical licensing arrangements for Commercial Explosives in Indonesia have been issued by the Police of the Republic of Indonesia. Keywords: legal politics, reform, commercial explosives, regulation

The Use of Remote Monitoring to Increase Staff Fidelity of Protocol Implementation When Working with Adults with Autism

With the increase of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) leaving the public school systems with centralized training environments, there needs to be innovation in supporting staff who will find themselves working in various community environments with adolescent or adult learners. Staff training and ongoing supervision is important for enhancing student skill acquisition and long-term maintenance of important life skills. Current day technology has been shown to be effective in augmenting staff training and supervision efforts. The purpose of the current study was to use existing FaceTime® technology to conduct remote live supervision of staff participants who were in the community with adult learners engaged in various learning tasks. Staff were trained on specific instructional protocols to implement, and the staff trainers, miles away, watched and listened to the training being delivered by the staff to the adult participants. When staff made implementation errors, the staff trainer corrected by speaking through the smartphone. Results showed that staff improved their fidelity of implementing the training protocols when distance feedback was provided. The results of this study provide more evidence that distance supervision of staff works and is another available method for training and supervising staff.

Model Akuntabilitas Birokrasi di Era Otonomi Khusus Aceh (Tinjauan Terhadap Tes Shalat dan Baca Al-Qur'an di Kabupaten Aceh Barat Daya)

The implementation of local government in the context of the Special Autonomy of Aceh has the freedom of the regional government to administer government in accordance with the principles of good governance. In Indonesia it is regulated by Law No. 28 of 1999 concerning the Organization of a clean and free country of corruption and nepotism, through various innovations and creativity to create good governance based on the public interest. This is to answer various problems surrounding the low performance of the bureaucracy because many are entangled in various corruption cases. One attempt to change the government bureaucracy is good, then introduced a new model through local wisdom in the Southwest Aceh District of Aceh Province, by carrying out the Prayer Test and Reading the Qur’an to prospective structural officials, as an effort to reform bureaucracy to create bureaucratic accountability, which It is expected that these activities will produce bureaucrats who are religiously accountable and customer oriented. However, this program must be carried out in a sustainable and comprehensive manner through complementary programs that support the program and do not underestimate the supervision efforts which as a classic action create a healthy bureaucracy.

Recommendations for Detecting and Addressing Barriers to Successful Supervision.

Behavior analysts who supervise staff are responsible for establishing a healthy supervisory relationship and for teaching basic behavior analytic skills (e.g., verbal repertoires, technical repertoires, clinical decision-making). In addition, supervisors should prepare their supervisees to succeed in their subsequent professional activities by developing their interpersonal skills and professionalism repertoires. Difficulties in the supervisor relationship and problematic personal and professional skills often become the focus of targeted supervision efforts after the effects of deficits (e.g., avoidance of supervision, complaints from consumers, persistent tardiness) are detected. The primary purpose of this paper is to provide guidance to the supervisor's effort to identify and address barriers to successful supervision related to a damaged supervisory relationship and persistent interpersonal and professional skills of the supervisee. A secondary purpose of this paper is to act as a general call to supervisors to continually and thoughtfully reflect on their own history, repertoires, and behavior, such that they may continue professional growth as supervisors.

黑龙江省食品安全监管的问题及对策研究

食品安全与人们的身心健康息息相关。为保障人们的食品安全，加大食品安全监管力度则成为政府及其主管部门、社会公众义不容辞的责任。针对黑龙江省食品安全监管存在法律法规执行力较低、监管部门职责不明确、对乡镇监管力度不足、小作坊食品隐患较大和社会公众维权意识差等问题，提出了运用法律监管手段、完善食品监管体系、提高监管人员素质和增强公众监管理念等强化黑龙江省食品安全监管的基本对策。 Food safety is closely related to people’s physical and mental health. It has become an obligatory duty for government, competent authority and social public to strengthen the food safety supervi-sion to ensure the safety of people’s food. In view of the weak regulation enforcement capacity, unclear regulatory responsibility, scanty township supervision efforts, great hidden hazards from small workshop food, poor right-defending consciousness and other issues in food safety supervi-sion in Heilongjiang province, this paper puts forward several basic countermeasures, including conducting legal supervision methods, perfecting food supervision system, improving supervision personnel quality and enhancing idea of public supervision, etc.

Comparing Self-Report and Observations to Assess the Implementation of an In-Home Program Serving At-Risk Families

Assessing the implementation of home visitation interventions for families with at-risk children is an essential component of effective service delivery; however, collecting implementation assessment data is expensive. This study examined two different methods of assessing the adherence and quality of a home visitation program, provider self-reports of service delivery, and video observations of the home visit that assessed a total of 64 sessions. Detailed transcriptions were also coded with regard to quality of skills instruction. The two implementation assessment methods overlapped considerably regarding whether a core topic was discussed during the home visit and the percentage of time spent during the average session on many of the core components. Areas of divergence between the two assessment methods are reviewed. Implications for supervision and quality improvement efforts of home visitation providers are discussed.

Quality decision of the logistics service supply chain with service quality guarantee

In the logistics service supply chain (LSSC), quality supervision and coordination is an important approach that can ensure the effective operation of LSSC and obtain more customers. This paper aims to study the quality decisions of the functional logistics service provider (FLSP) and the logistics service integrator (LSI) when a service quality defect guarantee is promised by the FLSP. Assuming that customer demand is a function of the quality defect guarantee of the FLSP, the optimal quality decisions of the LSI and FLSP are presented under three typical game modes: Nash game, Stackelberg game, and centralised decision. Numerical analysis is conducted to show how the quality parameters of the customer affect the optimal quality decision-making behaviour of the LSI and FLSP. The research results indicate that, under all three game modes, the optimal quality defect guarantee of the FLSP increases as the customer punishment increases, and decreases as the elasticity of the customer demand for the quality defect guarantee increases. In addition, under all three game modes, the optimal quality supervision effort of the LSI is an increasing function of both customer punishment and elasticity of the customer demand for the quality defect guarantee.

LIMITATIONS OF FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: CASE OF BANK SNORAS BANKRUPTCY

The objective of this paper is to assess if publicly financial disclosed information was relevant and reliable to predict bankruptcy of the bank Snoras. To assess financial information about the bank Snoras, an analysis of public disclosure by various sources: the entity itself, auditors, regulating bodies, and mass-media prior to the bank Snoras bankruptcy announcement has been conducted.The results of the research reveal that the bank Snoras financial difficulties and nationalisation emerged unexpectedly neither to general public nor to professionals. In the case of the bankruptcy of the bank Snoras we conclude that financial disclosures by various sources were neither sufficient nor timely. Reliable information sources have not disclosed any warnings or possible financial difficulties. Publicly disclosed information was not relevant to predict forthcoming bank Snoras bankruptcy. Therefore it raises questions if accounting harmonisation as well as banking sector regulation and supervision efforts are sufficient under rapidly changing economic conditions.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.em.17.3.2090

Project Management for Development in Africa: Why Projects are Failing and What Can be Done about It

This article discusses international development (ID) projects and project management problems within ID in Africa and suggests they may fall into one or more of four main traps: the one-size-fits-all technical trap, the accountability-for-results trap, the lack-of-project-management-capacity trap, and the cultural trap. It then proposes an agenda for action to help ID move away from the prevailing one-size-fits-all project management approach; to refocus project management for ID on managing objectives for long-term development results; to increase aid agencies' supervision efforts notably in failing countries; and to tailor project management to African cultures. Finally, this article suggests an agenda for research, presenting a number of ways in which project management literature could support design and implementation of ID projects in Africa.

Hybrid active learning for reducing the annotation effort of operators in classification systems

Active learning is understood as any form of learning in which the learning algorithm has some control over the input samples due to a specific sample selection process based on which it builds up the model. In this paper, we propose a novel active learning strategy for data-driven classifiers, which is based on unsupervised criterion during off-line training phase, followed by a supervised certainty-based criterion during incremental on-line training. In this sense, we call the new strategy hybrid active learning. Sample selection in the first phase is conducted from scratch (i.e. no initial labels/learners are needed) based on purely unsupervised criteria obtained from clusters: samples lying near cluster centers and near the borders of clusters are expected to represent the most informative ones regarding the distribution characteristics of the classes. In the second phase, the task is to update already trained classifiers during on-line mode with the most important samples in order to dynamically guide the classifier to more predictive power. Both strategies are essential for reducing the annotation and supervision effort of operators in off-line and on-line classification systems, as operators only have to label an exquisite subset of the off-line training data resp. give feedback only on specific occasions during on-line phase. The new active learning strategy is evaluated based on real-world data sets from UCI repository and collected at on-line quality control systems. The results show that an active learning based selection of training samples (1) does not weaken the classification accuracies compared to when using all samples in the training process and (2) can out-perform classifiers which are built on randomly selected data samples.

A Dynamic Model F Or Pert Risk Evaluating In Fuzzy Environment

In this paper we propose a dynamic model for evaluating of time risk in stochastic network, where the activity durations are exponentionaly distributed random variable and independent. We would like to present a new definition of general risk index for project in each time and connect it to the notation of its activity criticalities. We model such networks as finite-state, absorbing, and continuous Marko chain with upper triangular generator matrices. The state space is related to the network structure. The criticality index for each activity will be computed and then we put forward a fuzzy way of measuring the criticality to computing project states criticality. Then by using the probability of absorption in each state severity of criticality will be computed dynamically. The criticality measure obtained may serve as a measure of risk or of the supervision effort needed by senior management. It also by ranking the states before project initiating is able to forecast the critical states in order and help to the project management to developing a proper guideline for resource planning and allocation.

GPS Tracking and the Law Enforcement Role

An international trend involving the use of electronic technology to supervise sex offenders has broadened the role of justice system officials charged with protecting the public from sex offenders. Guidance has been offered to probation and parole officers to help them utilise this technology in their supervision efforts. Virtually no guidance has been offered to police officers who will likely play an important role in the use of this technology as it expands in their jurisdictions. This article reviews the use of GPS technology for sex offenders with the aim of identifying how different aspects of the technology are relevant to police officers. Attention is also given to the law enforcement role in utilising this technology as part of the collaborative supervision of sex offenders.

‘By papers and pens, you can only do so much’: views about accountability and human resource management from Indian government health administrators and workers

Although accountability drives in the Indian health sector sporadically highlight egregious behaviour of individual health providers, accountability needs to be understood more broadly. From a managerial perspective, while accountability functions as a control mechanism that involves reviews and sanctions, it also has a constructive side that encourages learning from errors and discretion to support innovation. This points to social relationships: how formal rules and hierarchies combine with informal norms and processes and more fundamentally how power relations are negotiated. Drawing from this conceptual background and based on qualitative research, this article analyses the views of government primary health care administrators and workers from Koppal district, northern Karnataka, India. In particular, the article details how these actors view two management functions concerned with internal accountability: supervision and disciplinary action. A number of disjunctures are revealed. Although extensive information systems exist, they do not guide responsiveness or planning. While supportive supervision efforts are acknowledged and practiced, implicit quid-pro-quo bargains that justify poor service delivery performance are more prevalent. Despite the enactment of numerous disciplinary measures, little discipline is observed. These disjunctures reflect nuanced and layered relationships between health administrators and workers, as well as how power is negotiated through corruption and elected representatives within the broader political economy context of health systems in northern Karnataka, India. These various dimensions of accountability need to be addressed if it is to be used more equitably and effectively.

Distant interactions and their effects on children's physical activity levels

Background: It has been observed that physical activity patterns of health-related behavior are established in childhood and may continue into adulthood. Recent findings showing a relationship between the onset of chronic diseases and sedentary lifestyles support the importance of examining Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA). One instructional strategy that has been shown to correlate with higher physical activity levels in students at elementary school levels is the promotion of physical activity by teachers through verbal prompts, encouragement, and feedback. Purpose: To determine the functional relationship between distant interactions (a component of active monitoring where verbal interaction is given across the teaching environment) by physical education teachers and elementary students' MVPA levels during the physical fitness segment of their physical education class. Participants and setting: Five classes between Grades 3 and 5 (age range 8–10) and two elementary physical education teachers were observed for this study over 23–25 class sessions. Only the fitness segments were observed for this study. Intervention: Following a baseline phase, two conditions implemented and repeated across multiple class sessions. Condition C-IA (close interaction) consisted of the teachers only actively supervising those students in their immediate area (except for possible safety issues). During Condition D-IA (distant interaction) teachers also supervised actively, but only targeted their interactions to those students at fitness stations farthest removed from where they themselves were located. Research design: A reversal design using a baseline condition and two treatments, close interaction (C-IA) and distant interaction (D-IA) was implemented to demonstrate this relationship. Data collection: A modified System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time (SOFIT) and ‘live’ momentary time sampling along with videotape recordings were used to measure students' MVPA during fitness activities. Data analysis: The MVPA data were plotted graphically and analyzed visually, using data overlap, change in level, trends within and across phases, and variability within and across phases as the criteria to determine the functional relationship between the teacher's supervision techniques and the students' MVPA levels. Both session means and phase means were calculated for all conditions. Findings: Results indicated the teachers' use of distant interaction increased the MVPA levels for the students farthest from the teacher while the close students maintained their MVPA levels. Conclusions: Teachers need to be aware of the benefits of using distant interactions as part of their active supervision efforts to increase/sustain students' MVPA during fitness activities as part of the process aimed at shaping physical activity behavior in youth.

Refusing to be excluded: finding ways of integrating psychotherapeutic modalities to the emerging needs of a Pupil Referral Unit

This paper describes the application of child psychotherapy, its theory and practice, in a Pupil Referral Unit (PRU). It examines the importance of a flexible approach to outreach work and the implementation of interventions that take into consideration both the internal and the external world of the adolescent. Furthermore, the process of development of a psychodynamic group with PRU students is described and illustrated. Additionally, it explores the importance of developing psychodynamic models of working with allied professionals in supervision and collaborative efforts in general. The paper explores the usefulness of the concept of mentalisation when working in the context of schools as well as the need to develop an accessible psychodynamic language that enables multidisciplinary collaboration. Overall, this paper reflects on the importance of holding in mind the challenge of balancing the needs of the external and the internal world, which becomes very evident in the process of outreach work.

Clean Up Duty

This article discusses engineering supervision and engineering efforts in remediation of different sites. Public Works and Government Services Canada, which manages many of the military bases in the Ottawa region, commissioned the environmental and geotechnical firm Golder Associates Ltd. to provide engineering supervision and support for remediation of the site. The remediation of the former military landfill site, conducted in February and March 2006, not only cleaned up a polluted part of the Earth, it also pointed to some of the current best practices being used to protect the environment when working on military properties. Once site remediation began, plans had to be changed quickly, because Golder discovered that parts of the landfill site were dotted with holes that indicated it was being used as a turtle nesting site. Through a literature review, bioscientists determined what kind of aggregate would be most acceptable to the turtles as nesting material. The landfill cap is vegetated with grass and shrubs to consolidate the soil cover layers and prevent their erosion. Given that the site is behind the target area for one of the firing ranges, it does not get much human traffic, but its landscape is in keeping with the surrounding area, and the site poses no more threat to the local ecosystem.

A survey of the self-balancing production lines (?bucket brigades?)

The purpose of this paper is to present the main idea and rules of the “bucket brigades” and to analyse the modelling approaches and some real case studies reported in the literature. The “bucket brigades” represent a new concept of organising the flow line activities. This principle, first time implemented at Toyota, requires a considerably reduced design and supervision effort as regards the traditional assembly lines. The simple functioning protocol yields the spontaneous line balancing, due to a decentralised control strategy. So, for instance, it is no longer need to solve the Assembly Line Balancing (ALB) problem, which is NP-hard. In this paper, the main theoretical results are summed up, emphasizing the advantages and disadvantages of implementing the bucket brigades and identifying the still open problems. It seems that the bucket brigades have some strong points versus the classical solutions, including, but not limited to: decentralisation, flexibility, adaptability. This study will allow to generally concluding on some new trends in the production systems design and management.

Bank capital requirements and managerial self-interest

Is there an interaction between bank capital requirements and agency problems? To which extent is the assumption of perfectly aligned bank manager–shareholders harmless? To address these questions, we consider a bank in which both a regulator–bank conflict and a shareholders–manager agency problem coexist. We analyze the effect of capital adequacy requirements on bank risk policy when managers and shareholders have different information about the quality of the loan portfolio. Taking as given optimal regulation on capital requirements and deposit insurance, we show that the separation of ownership and control in banks leads to an excessive reduction in the banks’ loan portfolio risk (underinvestment) and an increase in the managerial effort in loan supervision. We find, in fact, that only high-quality loans are taken on by banks, and some profitable investments are bypassed. Additionally, we show how bank debt and reserve requirements can help restore efficiency. Our results are related to the theoretical and empirical literature that deals with the effects of the Basle Accords on the banks’ credit policy.