Supervision Behavior Research Articles

Experience of cardiac tele-rehabilitation: analysis of patient narratives

Introduction Research suggests the need for further studies of patients’ experiences of cardiac tele-rehabilitation to understand how they adapt to life with heart disease in a program with long-distance contact, remote supervision and monitoring of health behavior. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore patients’ experiences of tele-rehabilitation and the perceived gains of taking part in the program. Materials and methods Seven patients were interviewed using a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach. Interview transcripts were analyzed as narratives using the interpretation theory of the French philosopher Paul Ricoeur. This involves three levels of textual analysis: a naïve reading as the first interpretation followed by a structural analysis, where the text is explored in detail, before identifying the most significant interpretation through critical interpretation. Results Patients valued cardiac tele-rehabilitation because it was not restricted to the hospital setting. They felt that the program’s flexibility was an advantage because the program could be adjusted to their daily lives. The patients showed greater acknowledgement of and commitment towards the rehabilitation interventions if they were consistent with the patients’ self-image, and if the activities were already part of their daily lives. If they were not, they were experienced as an extra challenge. Conclusions Understanding patients’ self-image and prior lifestyle may better inform clinicians about why it can be difficult for patients to follow rehabilitation recommendations. Therefore, clinicians may need to focus more on these two factors to help patients adapt to life with heart disease. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION Patients’ self-image and prior lifestyle may be important factors for how patients adapt to their new life situation with heart disease within a cardiac tele-rehabilitation program. Patients' commitment to selected rehabilitation interventions may be either too high or too low if it fails to take into consideration their self-image and prior lifestyle. Understanding patients’ self-image and prior lifestyle may better inform clinicians and their understanding of why it can be difficult for patients to follow the rehabilitation recommendations.

Correlation between nursing supervision and low back pain preventive behavior among nursing staff in hospital

To identify the correlation between nursing supervision and low back pain (LBP) preventive behavior among nursing staff at the hospital. Quantitative research using cross-sectional design. The respondents were 141 nursing staff members working at inpatient care facilities and outpatient care units of the non-psychiatric departments of Marzoeki Mahdi Hospital. Samples were taken using total sampling. The instruments used in this research were nursing supervision questionnaires and LBP preventive behavior instruments. A Chi-square test with an (α≤0.050) level of significance indicates that there is a significant correlation between nursing supervision and LBP preventive behavior among nursing staff at the hospital (p=0.015); OR=2.440. Bivariate analysis shows that there is no significant correlation between respondents' characteristics (sex, age, body mass index (BMI), and self-efficacy) and LBP preventive behavior. The results of this research may serve as a recommendation for more intensive LBP preventive behavior among nursing staff through rigorous nursing supervision.

The Role of Manual Dexterity and Cognitive Functioning in Enhancing Resident Operative Autonomy

Autonomy, both operative and nonoperative, is one of the most critical aspects of successful surgical training. Both surgeon and resident share the responsibility of achieving this goal. We hypothesize that operative autonomy is distinct and depends, for the most part, on the resident's manual dexterity, knowledge of, and preparation for the procedure. Over a period of 4 academic years, between July 2014 and June 2018, a total of 958 Global Rating Scale of Operative Performance evaluations were completed by 32 general and subspecialty faculty surgeons for 35 residents. Elective procedures were evaluated, including 165 (17.2%) by postgraduate year (PGY)1 residents, 253 (26.4%) by PGY2, 199 (20.8%) by PGY3, 147 (15.3%) by PGY4, and 194 (20.3%) by PGY5. The procedures evaluated were: 261 (27.2%) hernia repairs; 178 (18.6%) cholecystectomies; 102 (10.6%) colorectal and anal procedures; 73 (7.6%) vascular procedures; 56 (5.8%) thyroid and parathyroidectomies; 39 (4.1%) foregut (esophagus and stomach) procedures; 38 (4%) skin, soft tissue, and breast; 92 (10%) hepatopancreatic; 20 (2.1%) pediatric procedures; and 99 (10.3%) other procedures including amputations, cardiothoracic, and solid organs procedures. Each resident was scored from 1 to 5 (1 lowest, 5 highest) in each of the following categories of Global Rating Scale of Operative Performance: respect for tissue (RT), time and motion (T&M), instrument handling (IH), knowledge of the instrument (KI), flow of operation (FO) and resident's preparation for the procedure (RP). Resident operative autonomy (ROA) was assessed using the Zwisch scale, a 4-point scale describing faculty supervision behaviors associated with different degrees of resident autonomy (1: Show and Tell, 2: Active Help, 3: Passive Help, and 4: Supervision Only). Correlation and ordinal regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between ROA and manual dexterity (RT, T&M, IH, and FO), and cognitive functioning (knowledge of instruments and resident preparation). Results indicated a positive correlation between ROA and RT (r = 0.528, p < 0.001), T&M (r = 0.630, p < 0.001), IH (r = 0.597, p < 0.001), KI (r = 0.490, p < 0.001), FO (r = 0.637, p < 0.001), and RP (r = 0.525, p < 0.001). Additionally, there was a weak inverse correlation between ROA and the number of years the surgeon had been in practice (r = -0.127, p = 0.001). The significant predictors of resident autonomy found by the ordinal logistic regression include time and motion (p < 0.001), flow of operation (p < 0.001), and resident's preparation for the procedure (p < 0.001). Resident operative autonomy is a product of shared responsibility between the faculty and resident. However, residents' inherent and/or acquired skills and preparation for the operative procedures play a critical role. Residents should be advised to use available resources such as simulation to augment their skills preoperatively and to enhance their autonomy in the operating room.

Garbage source classification performance, impact factor, and management strategy in rural areas of China: A case study in Hangzhou

Garbage classification and reduction is imperative in many developing countries, where the imbalance between the rapid growth of solid waste and insufficient disposal capacity can be challenging. In order to evaluate whether a novel ‘2 + T’ source classification method (biodegradable waste, other waste, and toxic waste) and three types of source classification and resourcing treatment patterns implemented in the rural areas of Hangzhou can be widely applied, field investigations, questionnaire interviews, and factor analysis were carried out comprehensively. By means of ‘2 + T’ source classification method, biodegradable waste, accounting for the largest proportion of rural domestic waste, can be effectively separated for the subsequent reduction and resource treatment. Classified deposition in the doorway and door-to-door collection of biodegradable and other wastes provided the best solution for the accuracy of source classification and public participation. Based on the analysis, appropriate classification methods and patterns, sustainable publicity and supervision of source classification behavior as well as sufficient financial support will be key factors for rural domestic waste classification and resourcing management. These methods have a great potential for promoting solid waste classification in the rural areas of China and in other developing countries.

An uncertainty management theory on the effects of abusive supervision

PurposeThe vast majority of research on traditional leadership focuses on effective and positive leadership behavior. However, scholars have begun to pay attention to the impact of negative leadership behavior on employees and the organization. Hence, the main purpose is to examine the effects of abusive supervision. While the literature does not examine the time future orientation of the effects of abusive supervision, the purpose of this paper is to fill up this gap and examine the moderating role of future orientation.Design/methodology/approachA total of 584 valid questionnaires were collected from respondents aged between 21 and 30 years old and analyzed using the hierarchical regression and structural equation modeling method.FindingsThe main results show that abusive supervision positively affects counterproductive work behavior and future orientation positively moderates both the relationship between abusive supervision and originality behavior and the relationship between abusive supervision and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB).Originality/valueThis study demonstrates the moderating roles of future orientation in the effects of abusive supervision, and thus deepens the understanding of the moderating effect. It departs from the prior works and presents a more detailed examination examines the distinct dimensions of personality traits. It makes three main theoretical contributions. First, it introduces uncertainty management theory as a means to interpret the effects of abusive supervision. Second, it contributes to the literature on abusive supervision. Third, it does not lead to discovery as an OCB and originality, conclusions which differ from the results suggested in past literature.

The Double-Edged Sword Effect of Abusive Supervision on Subordinates' Innovative Behavior.

Existing studies on the relationship between abusive supervision and innovative behavior do not present a united picture. Drawing up the antecedent-benefit-cost framework and social cognitive theory, we tried to explain the contradictory relationships between them based on the mediating mechanism. Results showed that abusive supervision discouraged subordinates’ innovative behavior through reducing subordinates’ psychological safety but promoted subordinates’ innovative behavior through enhancing challenge-related stress.

Toward a nuanced understanding of nondisclosure in psychotherapy supervision.

Previous research indicates that trainees often withhold important information related to their clients' progress and their reactions to supervision. Moreover, factors associated with the occurrence of supervisee nondisclosure (SND) are not well established. As one of the few studies to compare clinically related with supervision-related nondisclosure, we tested the relation of these two dimensions of the construct, as measured by Siembor and Ellis's (2012) Supervisee Nondisclosure Scales, to three important process variables: perceptions of (a) the supervisory alliance, as measured by Bahrick's (1989) Working Alliance Inventory-Trainee; (b) collaborative supervision, as measured by Rousmaniere and Ellis's (2013) Collaborative Supervision Behavior Scale; and (c) explicitly relational supervisor behaviors, as measured by Shaffer and Friedlander's (2017) Relational Behavior Scale. Participants were 257 North American trainees, predominately White female doctoral students receiving supervision in a practicum or internship setting. As hypothesized, the three process variables inversely contributed to the multivariate composite of SND, jointly accounting for roughly one quarter of the variability; alliance and relational behavior were uniquely significant contributors (24.5% and 7%, respectively). Follow-up analyses indicated that only alliance perceptions contributed unique variance (23%) to supervision-related nondisclosures, which were endorsed much more frequently than clinically related nondisclosures in this sample. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

The Embedding of Islamic Education Values in the Development of Student Characters at al-Ikhlas Islamic High School in Ujung-Bone

This article starts from three main problems: embedding character values at al-Ikhlas Madrasah Aliyah of Ujung-Bone, encountering the opportunities and challenges during the process. This qualitative research is based on phenomena that occur in the field. The approaches used are pedagogical analysis, normative and juridical approach. The results explain, that the character security processes carried out by teachers are to be honest, responsible, nationalism, social care, affection, tolerance, discipline, and creative in developing their potential. They attempt to guard the educational process of cultivating character by conducting behavioral supervision of students. Embedding students’ character can motivate and tell the story of successful people. The strong desire of stakeholders to foster and advance Madrasah is in accordance with the expectations of the founders. Although, there are limited standard specifications of educational staffs, the values of Islamic education are very important in the joints of life. Therefore, Islamic education inherits human values to students, encourages students, not only to equip themselves for individual interests, but also to devote themselves to the community.

Impact of abusive supervision on deviant work behavior: The role of Islamic work ethic

AbstractIn this article, we examined the relationship between abusive supervision and deviant workplace behavior and the moderating role of an Islamic Work Ethic. Three hundred and thirty‐six employees in different organizations (specializing in software development, medicine, law enforcement, telecommunication, pharmaceutics, and banking) across Pakistan completed our questionnaire. The results revealed that abusive supervision was positively related to deviant workplace behavior. Moreover, the moderation of an Islamic Work Ethic on the relationship between abusive supervision and deviant work behavior was confirmed. The study contributed in many ways. It expanded literature by revealing a weaker relationship between abusive supervision and deviant behavior when Islamic Work Ethic (IWE) was high. It also tested the conservation of resources theory by providing a plausible reasoning of the role of IWE in employee motivation. By integrating IWE as a resource in the workplace, practitioners would learn that the proper use of resources would produce satisfied workers who would not indulge in deviant workplace behaviors.

Supervision of Unsafe Act on Formwork Workers at Project “X” Bekasi City

Former observation results at “X” Project find several unsafe behaviors such as not using personal protective equipment (PPE), smoking and jesting while working. The aim of the study is to determine the association between supervision and unsafe behavior in formwork workers of “X” project Bekasi City. This study used cross sectional design. Independent variable was supervision, whereas dependent variable was unsafe behavior. Study population involved all of the formwork workers (40 people). Data was collected through observation using guided checklist on JSA and interview using valid and reliable questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted by chi-square. The study results showed that 25 respondents (62.5%) say that supervision are lacking while 21 respondents (50.2%) perform unsafe behavior. P-value of 0.011 means that there is an association between supervision and unsafe behavior, while the prevalence ratio value of 2.550 with 95%CI of 1,056–6,155 imply that poor supervision has 2.550 higher risk on the occurrence of unsafe behavior in workers compared to better supervision. In conclusion, there is an association between supervision and unsafe behavior.

The impact of abusive supervision on employees’ feedback avoidance and subsequent help-seeking behaviour: A moderated mediation model

AbstractBased on the conservation of resource theory, this study investigated a moderated mediation model in which perceived co-worker support moderated the mediation of supervisory feedback avoidance between abusive supervision and help-seeking behaviour. Data from matching dyads of 220 house officers and 86 postgraduate medical staff were collected from several hospitals in Pakistan. Results of hierarchical multiple regression analyses supported the hypothesized model that abusive supervision first positively led to supervisory feedback avoidance, which in turn positively led to help-seeking from co-workers. Moreover, the mediating effect of supervisory feedback avoidance was stronger at the high value of co-worker support than that at the low value of co-worker support. This study contributes to the recently emerged notion in abusive supervision research that supervisees’ perception of abusive supervision may not always lead to abundantly reported negative work behaviours; instead, it may also lead to positive work behaviours, such as help-seeking behaviour that is highly beneficial for both supervisees and the organization.

Reinforcement of Judicial Supervision Function by Judicial Commission and Supreme Court as a Form of Shared Responsibility System

The function of judicial power is to enforce law and justice in the framework of protecting society through justice system based on law in a democratic state of law. One of the important principles of state of law is the existing guarantee of judicial power implementation which is independent, free from the influence of other power to implement justice for law and justice enforcement. Accountability of judge’s performance and Supreme Court institution which is a control form for justice institution becomes an idea concerning the dilema of judicial power independence concept. The supervision of judge’s behaviour by Judicial Commission can hopefully cover the weakness intern supervision by Supreme Court. The judge supervision which can be realised by Judicial Commission includes judicial technic supervision, performance assessment, and judge’s behaviour supervision. This research concerned to the reinforcement of judicial supervision function by judicial commission and Supreme Court as a form of shared responsibility system. The research method used in this research is normative law research method with statute approach, conceptual approach and case approach. Sources of legal materials used are legislation and cases. The results of this study are: the supervision on the judge’s behavior by the Judicial Commission can hopefully cover the weakness of internal supervision by the Supreme Court. It becomes so appropriate that the suprevision on judge is also performed by the Judicial Commission, not only by the Supreme Court. The supervision on judge that can be performed by the Judicial Commission includes the suprevision of judicial technique, performance assessment, and supervision on the judge’s behavior.

The Incongruence between Autonomy and Preference for Autonomy

While human resource practices requiring employee participation or freedom in work-related decision making have been commonly believed to be beneficial to work outcomes, we suggest that the effects of those practices on work outcomes can be limited by individual preferences, which influence the perceived quality of supervision. Drawing upon prior research on work structure and person-environment (P-E) fit perspective, we examine the joint effects of autonomy and preference for autonomy on employee work outcomes (satisfaction with supervision, task performance, and organizational citizenship behaviors) that are mediated via perceived supervision (individualized consideration) among the U.S. state government employees. Polynomial regression results showed that congruence between autonomy and preference for autonomy was associated with the highest level of individualized consideration. Further, from the results of a moderated mediation analysis, we found 1) an interaction between autonomy, and preference for autonomy in predicting work outcomes and 2) individualized consideration to mediate some of this interactive effect. These findings highlight the important role played by perceptions of the supervisor’s considerate behavior in promoting employees’ positive attitudes at work. The present study advances our understanding regarding how the interactions between organizations and individuals enhance work outcomes by demonstrating the moderating role of preference for autonomy in the relationship between autonomy and employee outcomes. Additionally, this research shows that congruence between autonomy and personal preferences for autonomy predicting the perceived quality of supervision, in particular the level of individualized consideration experienced by the employee. This contributes to the literature on both P-E fit and leadership and provides insights to public sector practitioners that can be helpful in dealing with challenges that may occur as a result of incongruence between the individuals’ preferences for structure and level of organizational structure they are offered.

Resource Depletion Perspective on the Link Between Abusive Supervision and Safety Behaviors

Leader behavior significantly influences employees’ safety performance. This study aimed to examine the effect of abusive supervision on the safety behaviors of subordinates. By drawing on the strength model of self-control, we predicted that abusive supervision would negatively affect safety behaviors through emotional exhaustion, and trait self-control and attentional bias toward safety would moderate the relationship between abusive supervision, emotional exhaustion, and safety behaviors. Our hypothesized model was supported by results from a sample of 159 workers at a chemical product manufacturing enterprise in China. Emotional exhaustion mediated the link between abusive supervision and safety behaviors. Moreover, trait self-control moderated the relationship between abusive supervision and emotional exhaustion, and attentional bias toward safety moderated the relationship between emotional exhaustion and safety compliance. This study elucidates the effects of abusive supervision on safety behaviors through the resource depletion process. Likewise, the importance of trait self-control and attentional bias toward safety in mitigating the potentially harmful effects of abusive supervision in workplace safety is highlighted. Minimizing abusive supervision, providing self-control training, and implementing safety-specific implicit cognition intervention can effectively improve employees’ safety behaviors.

호텔 종사원이 지각하는 비인격적인 감독행위가 조직침묵에 미치는 영향에 있어 자아존중감의 조절효과에 관한 연구

호텔 종사원이 지각하는 비인격적인 감독행위가 조직침묵에 미치는 영향에 있어 자아존중감의 조절효과에 관한 연구

A Resource Perspective on Abusive Supervision and Extra-Role Behaviors: The Role of Subordinates’ Psychological Capital

Abusive supervision (perceived enduring hostile verbal and nonverbal behavior) results in a host of detrimental consequences for the individual subordinate and for the organization. In the current research, we tested whether abusive supervision relates negatively to beneficial extra-role behaviors of subordinates (individual-directed and organization-directed citizenship behaviors; OCBI and OCBO) and positively to deviant extra-role behaviors of subordinates (individual-directed and organization-directed counterproductive work behavior; CWBI and CWBO). Moreover, reasoning from a resource perspective, we examined whether subordinates’ psychological capital (PsyCap: hope, resilience, self-efficacy, and optimism) mediates these relations. PsyCap is a resource variable that is amenable to situational influences such as leadership. This makes PsyCap align with a theoretically viable, but previously not explicitly tested, mechanism underlying the effects of abusive supervision. We conducted a time-lagged, multisource study among 408 university faculty members. Abusive supervision and PsyCap were measured at Time 1 from focal participants. At Time 2, data for OCBs were collected from their supervisors and data for CWBs were collected from their peers. Results indicate that PsyCap mediated the relations between abusive supervision and OCBI, OCBO, CWBI, and CWBO. Shedding light on this process helps researchers and practitioners develop ways in which to mitigate the consequences of abusive supervision, for example, by seeking to develop PsyCap using different resources.

Surviving the swim: Psychosocial influences on pool owners’ safety compliance and child supervision behaviours

In Queensland, Australia drowning deaths of children under the age of 5 have increased over the last 3 years, with home swimming pools being the most common site of this tragedy. Restriction of access to pools and supervision of children using the pool are two behaviours that can prevent drowning. Pool owners who were parents or guardians of children aged under 5 years (N = 242) completed a survey regarding these behaviours. We examined the impact of owners’ risk perceptions and feelings of anticipated regret on the pool safety intention and behaviours of (1) restriction of child access and (2) supervision of children, after taking into account established psychosocial determinants of decision making conceptualised by the theory of planned behaviour (attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control). In addition, underlying beliefs (attitudinal, normative, control) were examined. While anticipated regret significantly predicted intentions for both behaviours, risk perception was not a significant predictor of intention to perform either behaviour. The established decision-making constructs of attitudes, norms, and control factors influenced intention, with intention and control factors predicting behaviour. Furthermore, the critical beliefs identified in this study, in particular the approval from close others and experts in the swimming domain, provides for a better understanding of pool safety behaviour. The findings based on psychological variables and critical beliefs can be applied to future intervention strategies aimed at decreasing the incidence of childhood drowning.

Examination of a pilot intervention program to change parentsupervision behaviour at Australian public swimming pools.

Drowning is one of the leading causes of unintentional death in children worldwide. There is limited evidence about the effectiveness of programs targeting child drowning prevention at public swimming pools. We examined the effectiveness of a public education program (Keep Watch @ Public Pools) for improving child supervision levels by parents at public swimming pools. The program was evaluated via an observational study of parent supervision behaviour with children aged 0-14years. Measures included domains of attention, proximity and preparedness. A rating scale from 0=least effective to 4=most effective was used, based upon the supervision domains. Seven public swimming pools in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia were randomised to either intervention or control pool. The intervention occurred over sixweeks, and observations were taken over a one-week period both pre- and postintervention. Observations of a total of 10186 children and 6930 parents/carers were recorded and analysed. A significant improvement in attention, proximity and preparedness was observed in parents of children aged 6-10years at intervention pools. However, similar results were not observed in parents of children aged 0-5years and 11-14years. Supervision behaviour of parents can be modified, and the implications of these results for the community through to practice and policy are discussed. SO WHAT?: Targeted public education programs provide an effective way of improving parental supervision of children at public swimming pools. Such education programs should be widely implemented throughout public swimming pools, as one part of a comprehensive approach to drowning prevention.

Parental supervision for their children's toothbrushing: Mediating effects of planning, self-efficacy, and action control.

With 60-90% of children worldwide reportedly experiencing dental caries, poor oral health in the younger years is a major public health issue. As parents are important to children's oral hygiene practices, we examined the key self-regulatory behaviours of parents for supervising their children's toothbrushing using the health action process approach. Participants (N=281, 197 mothers) comprised Australian parents of 2- to 5-year-olds. A longitudinal design was used to investigate the sequential mediation chain for the effect of intention (Time 1) on parental supervision for their youngest child's toothbrushing (Time 3), via self-efficacy and planning (Time 2), and action control (Time 3). A latent-variable structural equationmodel, controlling for baseline behaviour and habit, revealed significant indirect effects from intention via self-efficacy and action control and intention via planning and action control, on parental supervision behaviour. The model was a good fit to the data, explaining 74% of the variance in parents' supervising behaviour for their children's toothbrushing. While national recommendations are provided to guide parents in promoting good oral hygiene practices with their children, current results show the importance of going beyond simple knowledge transmission to support parents' intentions to supervise their children's toothbrushing actually materialize. Current findings make a significant contribution to the cumulative empirical evidence regarding self-regulatory components in health behaviour change and can inform intervention development to increase parents' participation in childhood oral hygiene practices, thus helping to curb rising oral health conditions and diseases. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Self-regulatory skills are important to translate intentions into behaviour. Self-efficacy, planning, and action control are key self-regulatory skills for behaviour change. What does this study add? Self-regulatory skills are needed for parents to supervise their children's toothbrushings. Self-efficacy, planning, and action control are important self-regulatory skills in this context. Future interventions should map these self-regulatory predictors onto behaviour change techniques.

The Evolutionary Game of Electronic Seal Usage Behaviour Supervision From the Perspective of Credit and Penalty

The illegal use of electronic seals has the potential to harm both the contracting parties and the country’s economy. This paper studies the phylogenetic relationship between government regulatory bodies and enterprise behaviors through the payoff matrix and an evolutionary game model. According to both the equilibrium point and stability of the game’s dynamic replication relationship phase diagram, this paper analyzes the incentive effects of the legal use of management costs and the illegal use of economic penalties, government regulatory costs, and credit ratings on the use of electronic seals. The results show that the steady state does not exist as a time extension of government supervision and standardize the behaviors of electronic seal enterprises. In addition, the selection specification evolutionary path using electronic seals is different based on the different initial conditions. The use of the restricted speed and the evolutionary result not only depends on the choice of the enterprise’s standard initial probability of usage behavior but also on the initial probability of government departmental supervision. This occurs without using any means of supervision and penalty measures under the conditions that all enterprises tend to choose not to regulate the use of the electronic seal. Due to regulation with a low probability of no significant effect of the standard, the need to reach a certain level of supervision to regulate the use of electronic seals was improved. The government simply increasing the penalty is not an effective solution since the electronic seal does not regulate the problematic use of credit rating factors. On the one hand, it reduces the probability of government regulations, and on the other hand, it greatly improves the standard probability of the use of electronic seals. Finally, conclusions are based on the governmental point of view to promote the use of electronic seal specification recommendations.