Supernumerary Teeth Research Articles

Management of natal tooth of a 2 months old infant: a case report

Natal and neonatal teeth are the type of supernumerary tooth which have various myths and superstitions associated with it. Natal teeth are the teeth which appear at the time of the birth whereas neonatal teeth appear within one month of life. Presence of natal teeth often risks the aspiration of teeth by infant and the mother also has difficulty in breast feeding and comes with the complaint of the same. The present case report of 2-month-old infant describes the management of natal teeth present in mandibular arch with mobility. After the consent of parents, the extraction of the shell-like tooth was done immediately and hemostasis was achieved. The follow up was carried out after 1 week to examine the normal healing of extraction site.

Orthodontic management of midline diastema caused by mesiodens: A case series

Supernumerary teeth are teeth in excess of the normal number, found in both primary and permanent dentition. Mesiodens are the most common form of supernumerary teeth, usually found in the maxillary anterior region, in between the permanent central incisors. It may lead to complications such as malocclusion, unesthetic appearance, food lodgment, and cyst formation. Early diagnosis and immediate intervention are advised to avoid orthodontic and pathological complications. The case series here discusses three different cases for presence of supernumerary teeth leading to development of midline diastema. Extraction of the supernumerary teeth followed by fixed orthodontic treatment was performed to correct the malocclusion and improve the facial esthetics.

PARONASAL SINUS CYST (LITERATURE REVIEW)

A review of current problems in otorhinolaryngology is made, in particular cysts of the nasal adnexa, which develop among the most complex non-purulent processes. Cysts are mainly incidental abnormalities in the diagnosis of paranasal diseases. The work presents modern data on the etiology, pathogenesis, health characteristics, methods of diagnosis and treatment of cysts of paranasal diseases using the latest scientific achievements. The developed minimally invasive methods of surgical treatment, these principles, reduce the risk of developing postoperative complications and shorten the treatment time for patients. However, despite this, the question of the advantages and principles of various methods for removing cysts of accessory teeth, which have not yet been replaced by traditional solutions, remains controversial.

Long-term follow-up of torpedo maculopathy: a case series and mini-review

BackgroundTorpedo maculopathy (TM) is a rare, congenital condition characterized by an oval-shaped, chorioretinal lesion in the temporal macula of unknown etiology. To our knowledge, the longest reported follow-up of TM is 5 years. Herein we report 10 years of follow-up on two patients with TM to further characterize the long-term natural history of the condition.Case reportsTwo patients with torpedo maculopathy were examined at baseline and then again at 5 years and 10 years from baseline. Eyes were evaluated using color fundus photography, automated perimetry, fundus autofluorescence and spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Visual function of both patients remained stable throughout the observation period. In case 1, there was no evidence of change in lesion morphology over the 10 year observation period. Case 2 showed progression of cystic degeneration of the neurosensory retina within the torpedo lesion. Case 1 reported a history of supernumerary teeth and underwent gene sequence with deletion/duplication analyses of the APC gene but no clinically significant variants were detected.ConclusionsOur findings support the position that TM is a nonprogressive condition with long-term stability of visual function. Genetic analysis of case 1 failed to detect any association with Gardner syndrome.

Management of a rotated upper central incisor associated with impacted supernumerary tooth

supernumerary teeth are often found in the maxilla, the extra teeth may be tuberculate, conical, or supplementary or like odontome in shape. The maxillary central incisor region contains mesiodens, a conical kind of supernumerary teeth that maybe unerupted. The adjacent maxillary incisors may rotate, unerupt, or misalign if mesiodens are present.We discuss a case of rotation of the maxillary central incisor with impacted mesiodens in this article, where treatment included surgical removal of impacted mesiodens and orthodontic alignment with 2X4 appliance.

Surgical and orthodontic management of an impacted maxillary central incisor associated with supernumerary teeth: A case report

Surgical and orthodontic management of an impacted maxillary central incisor associated with supernumerary teeth: A case report

Disrupted odontoblast differentiation and dentin dysplasia in Epiprofin-deficient mice.

Tooth formation is a process tightly regulated by reciprocal interactions between epithelial and mesenchymal tissues. These epithelial-mesenchyme interactions regulate the expression of target genes via transcription factors. Among the regulatory elements governing this process, Epiprofin/Sp6 is a zinc finger transcription factor which is expressed in the embryonic dental epithelium and in differentiating pre-odontoblasts. Epiprofin knockout (Epfn-/-) mice present severe dental abnormalities, such as supernumerary teeth and enamel hypoplasia. Here, we describe dentin defects in molars and incisors of Epfn-/- mice. We observed that in the absence of Epfn, markers of early odontoblast differentiation, such as alkaline phosphatase activity, Dsp/Dpp expression, and Collagen Type I deposition, are downregulated. In addition, the expression of tight and gap junction proteins was severely impaired in the predontoblastic cell layer of developing Epfn-/- molars. Altogether, our data shows that Epfn is crucial for the proper differentiation of dental mesenchymal cells towards functional odontoblasts and subsequent dentin-matrix deposition.

A cross-sectional analysis of prevalence of dental anomalies by CBCT images: An institutional-based retrospective study

Abstract Aim: To determine the prevalence of different types of dental anomalies using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images among the Al-Hasa population in Saudi Arabia and compare these variables between genders and nationalities. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study involving 509 CBCT images, in which patients were grouped based on their gender and nationality. The presence of dental anomalies was determined through the evaluation of CBCT images. Version 28 of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) was utilized to analyze the data, chi-square tests and multivariate analysis of variance were used, and P value was fixed at ≤0.05. Results: Out of the 509 CBCT images reviewed, a total of 135 patients (26.5%) exhibited one or more dental anomalies. Impacted canines had the highest prevalence among all types of impacted teeth, with a rate of 9.2%. Impacted premolars and molars (excluding third molars) had a lower prevalence of 2.6% and 1.2%, respectively. Impacted incisors had the lowest prevalence of 0.8%. Among dental anomalies affecting the number, position, and shape of teeth, the prevalence rates are as follows: congenitally missing teeth (6.7%), supernumerary teeth (2.2%), dilaceration (8.1%), microdontia (3.1%), ectopic eruption (2.6%), rotation (1.8%), and transposition (0.2%). Conclusions: The prevalence of dental anomalies is relatively high, with impacted canines being the most prevalent impacted teeth excluding third molars, whereas dilaceration was the most common anomaly affecting the shape of teeth. The prevalence of anomalies did not differ significantly between genders, except for rotation. Additionally, there was no significant difference reported in nationalities.

Evaluation of Unilateral Transmigration of Cuspid Tooth in Mandibular Arch using 3D Imaging

Transmigration, where an impacted tooth crosses the midline, is a rare anomaly occurring in less than 1% of cases. Described initially by Nodine and Thoma and later termed by Ando et al. in 1964, it is more common in the mandibular arch and linked with malocclusion, impacted teeth, over-retained primary teeth, and supernumerary teeth. This case series examines seven instances of transmigrated mandibular canines using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). The evaluated cases included Type I and Type II variations, with canines showing coronal and medio-lateral oblique placements. These placements led to complications such as labial cortex perforation, internal root resorption, and cortical thinning. CBCT was crucial for precise localization and visualization, aiding in accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. Transmigrated canines affected adjacent structures, causing cortical thinning and perforation. The superior imaging of CBCT was essential in identifying root resorption, often missed by traditional radiographs. Early diagnosis through CBCT enhances treatment planning, whether for orthodontic intervention or surgical removal, particularly when symptomatic or associated with other dental anomalies. This case series underscores the need for meticulous evaluation of transmigrated mandibular canines due to their potential impact on adjacent teeth and structures. The enhanced diagnostic capabilities of CBCT facilitate accurate assessment and improved treatment outcomes. Early detection and regular monitoring are crucial to prevent complications and maintain dental health. This study highlights the importance of CBCT in managing transmigrated canines and calls for increased clinician awareness for timely intervention.

Multiple supernumerary teeth causing permanent tooth impaction: A case report

Multiple supernumerary teeth causing permanent tooth impaction: A case report

Solitary Radiopacity Associated with Root of Unerupted Supernumerary Tooth - A Case Report and Differential Diagnosis

Radiopaque lesions of jaws are innumerable and variable in appearance. There are several radiopaque lesions seen in the periapical region of tooth root which are indistinguishable from other lesions. The diagnosis and management of these lesions from clinical and radiographic features could be challenging to the dentist. Alterations in the bone could be inflammatory cystic odontogenic and non-odontogenic neoplastic reactive vascular traumatic dysplastic or metabolic in origin. As intraoral periapical radiographs IOPA provide the best image resolution they can aid in identifying the subtle changes in the bone architecture periodontal ligament Pdl space and lamina dura. Radiographic analysis of the involvement of adjacent structures using panoramic imaging is not sufficient for diagnosis as it provides 2D imaging of a 3D object. Cone Beam Computed Tomography CBCT provides an accurate 3D image of the involvement of bone and adjacent structures. Systematic radiologic analysis of lesions based on their location size shape borders internal structure effect on surrounding structures and consideration of clinical signs and symptoms enable clinicians to arrive at a reliable diagnosis. Here we present a case report of an asymptomatic radiopaque lesion associated with the root of an unerupted supernumerary tooth which was accidentally detected on an IOPA taken for treating the adjacent tooth.

Concomitant Existence of Tooth Agenesis (Agenesis of Four Second Premolars) and Supernumerary Tooth (Dens Distomolar)-Report of a Rarest Case

“Distomolar” is also called as ‘fourth molar’ is the supernumerary tooth occurring distal to the third molar. Occurrence of distomolar is a rare phenomenon. Along with this condition congenital agenesis which is a contrast phenomenon compared to extra teeth is still a rarer entity. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to present occurrence of fourth molar in the mandibular arch and congenital agenesis of all second premolars (four premolars) involving both maxillary and mandibular quadrant in a non-syndromic Indian female patient. Such combination of two different anomalies representing two different dental phenomenon is not reported till date according to author’s best of knowledge.

Orthodontic-Surgical Management of Impacted Maxillary Central Incisor Related to Supernumerary Tooth: a Case Report

Anterior teeth play an important role in maintaining esthetics and phonetics in human beings. Missing anterior teeth might result in rotation, shifting, and root resorption of the adjacent teeth, loss of eruption space, underdevelopment of the anterior part of the maxilla, and crossbite. Adolescent patients are very conscious about how they look, and missing anterior teeth lowers their selfesteem. Due to the above reasons, missing anterior teeth should be managed as early as possible. The present case report highlights the orthodontic traction of the impacted maxillary central incisor caused by a supernumerary tooth. At the same time, the treatment outcome regained smile in an 11-year-old patient who had stopped smiling because his peers had started to call him by the name “toothless”.

Dental Treatment Approach in an Adolescent Patient With Coffin-Siris Syndrome

Coffin-Siris Syndrome (CSS) is a rare genetic disease with delayed growth, congenital anomalies, abnormal facial features, and mental retardation. Hypoplasia of the 5th fingers or nail agenesis, hirsutism, coarse facial appearance, thick eyebrows, wide lips and nose, dentofacial anomalies, and delayed eruption of teeth are clinically distinctive features. Specific findings and multidisciplinary approac-hes are important for dental treatments. This case report includes the clinical, oral findings, and dental treatments of the patient with CSS. A 15.5-year-old female patient consulted our clinic with the complaint of tooth sensitivity and missing teeth. The patient's family was informed that the patient has CSS. In clinical examination, coarse face, mental retardation, hypoplastic 5th fingers, wide mouth, and lips, sparse hair, and hirsutism, in the oral examination, poor oral hygiene, dental caries, delayed dentition, lack of upper perma-nent first incisor, gingival hyperplasia, gingivitis, and hypoplasia were seen. Panoramic radiography and tomography revealed that the upper permanent incisor and supernumerary canine teeth were impacted. Under general anesthesia, dental scaling, fillings were made, impacted permanent incisors, canine, and lower left third molars were extracted. After general anesthesia, fluoride application and a fiber-supported Maryland bridge designed from the patient's teeth were applied to the anterior region. Regular controls of the patient continue. After the growth and development, the oral surgery department will be consulted for implant application. In den-tistry, preventive applications, oral hygiene motivation, pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments are important for CSS patients. After consultation with relevant departments, multidisciplinary approaches and appropriate treatments increase the quality of life.

Ankylosed Primary Tooth Under the Premolar Germ: Clinical Findings and Treatment Planning

The impaction of primary teeth is not a common occurrence. In a patient who presented to our clinic, it was observed that the lower second primary molar was situated below the premolar germ. Considering information from previous studies, ankylosis in the primary tooth is presumed to be the underlying cause. After the extraction of the supernumerary tooth in the area, the patient will undergo long-term comprehensive monitoring.

Indications and use of cone beam computed tomography in children and young individuals in a university-based dental hospital

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the indications of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in children and young individuals in a university-based dental hospital and their association with age, gender and field of view.Methods7131 CBCT scans, taken during 3-year period, were reviewed and a total of 649 pediatric patients (0–18 years) with complete request forms were included. Data related to gender, age, referring department, CBCT indications, field of view (FOV), region of interest (ROI), need for re-exposure and patients received more than one CBCT examination were recorded.ResultsThe mean age was 13.57 ± 3.52 years and “malocclusion and dentofacial anomaly” (28.7%) was the most common clinical indication. Facial trauma, dental trauma and supernumerary tooth in males; “malocclusion and dentofacial anomaly” and implant planning in females were recorded more frequently compared to other gender. Maxilla was the most frequently monitored ROI (35.1%) for patients. Small (≤ 10 cm) FOV was preferred in 58.1% of all patients. Large FOV was selected in the majority of patients who underwent CBCT scan for “malocclusion and dentofacial anomaly” (89.6%). The repeated scans constituted 2.3% of patients and 105 patients (16.2%) underwent multiple CBCT scans on different dates for mainly orthodontic follow-up.ConclusionsThe justification of CBCT scans was not fully compatible with current guidelines and mainly larger FOV was preferred. The number of CBCT examination in children and young individuals tends to increase.Trial registration numberNot applicable.

Evaluation of Association Between High Frenal Attachment and Severity of Midline Diastema

Introduction: A "midline diastema" arises when there is a space of more than 0.5 millimeters between the proximal surfaces of two consecutive teeth. There is usually open space between the two central incisors. Depending on its width, a midline diastema can make speaking difficult and look unsightly. Genetic factors, large tongues, improper tongue positioning during rest or function, microdontia or hypodontia of upper lateral incisors, extra teeth between upper central incisors, particularly mesiodens, aberrant frenal attachment, periodontal disease, and extra teeth are some of the multifactorial causes of midline diastema. The aim of this study is to assess the association between high frenal attachment and the severity of midline diastema. Materials and method: The study involved 126 patients. We assessed the frequency of high frenal attachment and midline diastema in these patients. The Chi square test was used to examine the data in the SPSS Software. Results and discussion: The current study has arrived at a positive correlation between the frenal attachment type and the severity of the midline diastema space. Midline diastema might be transitory or result from pathogenic, developmental, or iatrogenic reasons. Treatment options for diastema vary, and each one calls for an accurate etiology diagnosis and prompt action appropriate to that etiology. A correct diagnosis needs radiographic and clinical examination, medical and dental history, and perhaps tooth size assessment. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, it can be concluded that there is a positive correlation between the frenal attachment type and the severity of midline diastema space. It was also observed that the most common frenal attachment type was papillary type and the space more commonly was 2-3 mm in length.

Non-syndromic supernumerary teeth and association with aself-reported family history of cancer.

Supernumerary teeth are an alteration of dental developmental and result in the formation of teeth above the usual number. Epidemiologic studies suggested that patients with dentofacial anomalies and their family members may present an increased risk of developing cancer, including female breast cancer and gynecologic cancers. These observations indicate that genetic alterations that result in dental anomalies may be related to cancer development. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between supernumerary teeth and afamily history of female breast cancer and gynecologic cancers. The diagnosis of supernumerary teeth was based on clinical and radiographic examinations. For data collection, aquestionnaire asking for information regarding ethnicity, age, gender, and self-reported family history of cancer up to the second generation was used. Statistical analysis was performed using the Χ2 test and Fisher's exact test with an established α of 5%. Atotal of 344 patients were included; 47 of them had one or more non-syndromic supernumerary teeth (not associated with any syndrome or cleft lip and palate) and 297 were control patients. Age, ethnicity, and gender distribution were not statistically different between the group with supernumerary teeth and the control group (p > 0.05). The supernumerary teeth were most commonly observed in the incisors area. Breast cancer (n = 17) was the most commonly self-reported type of cancer, followed by uterine cervical (n = 10), endometrial (n = 2), and ovarian (n = 1) cancers. Endometrial cancer was significantly associated with the diagnosis of supernumerary teeth (p = 0.017). This study suggests that patients with supernumerary teeth possess ahigher risk of having family members with endometrial cancer.

Prevalence of Dental Anomalies Among Orthodontic Patients: A Retrospective Study in Saudi Arabia.

Odontogenic anomalies encompass deviations in dental morphology, orientation, or spatial positioning within the mandibular structures. This study probed the frequency of such dental malformations among orthodontic patients receiving treatment in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, the study sought to discern variations in the manifestation of these dental anomalies related to gender and nationality. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 384 panoramic radiographs belonging to orthodontic patients (comprising 222 males and 162 females) who sought treatment at orthodontic clinics of a privately owned university hospital in Riyadh City between 2017 and 2019. The patient records were scrutinized for various dental abnormalities, including but not limited to dilacerated teeth, supernumerary teeth, congenital absence of teeth, impactions, hyperdontia, hypodontia, taurodontism, tooth rotation, and amelogenesis imperfecta. The Chi-square test was employed to assess the correlation between the prevalence of dental anomalies and variables such as gender and nationality. A p-value of less than 0.05 was deemed statistically significant for all tests. Among the assessed sample size of orthodontic patients, dental impactions emerged as the most prevalent dental anomaly, affecting 246 patients (64.1%). This was followed by the occurrence of supernumerary teeth in 31 patients (8.1%), hyperdontia in 29 patients (7.6%), and congenital absence of teeth in 28 patients (7.3%). Other less frequently observed dental irregularities included dilacerated teeth in 23 patients (6%), amelogenesis imperfecta in 12 patients (3.1%), taurodontism in 12 patients (3.1%), and tooth rotations in five patients (1.3%). A statistically significant gender-based disparity was observed, with dental impactions being more prevalent among males (n=154; 69.4%) than females (n=92; 56.8%). Conversely, supernumerary teeth were more prevalent among females (n=24; 14.8%) than males (n=7; 3.2%). No significant variation in the prevalence of dental anomalies was discernible across different nationalities. Impactions and the presence of supernumerary teeth were the predominant dental anomalies detected among the studied orthodontic patient population. The prevalence of dental anomalies exhibited discernible variations based on gender but not nationality. These disparities could potentially influence orthodontic outcomes, underscoring the necessity for meticulous examination and tailored orthodontic treatment planning.

Supernumerary nines: Rare after all? an overview and case series

Supernumerary molars are rarely reported in literature. A literature review was undertaken to identify the prevalence of supernumerary nines following multiple cases attending at local oral and maxillofacial clinics. The review found a prevalence range of 0.06–0.96% for supernumerary molars, with proliferation of epithelial remnants of dental lamina (induced by pressure or ‘induction factors’) being the most accepted aetiology. This article explores supernumerary molars and their associated comorbidities, such as disruption and damage to other teeth. The case studies illustrate management techniques. CPD/Clinical Relevance: An awareness of supernumerary teeth and their management is of clinical benefit.