Supernumerary Teeth Research Articles

Incisal edge resorption of an unerupted maxillary incisor: a previously unreported phenomenon

A healthy 8-year-old male presented with an unerupted upper right central incisor (UR1) associated with two supernumerary teeth. Despite extraction of the supernumerary teeth, a gold chain bonded to the UR1 and 16 months of orthodontic traction, the UR1 failed to erupt. A decision was therefore made for extraction and replacement. At the time of surgery, it was noted that the incisal edge of the crown was significantly resorbed. This report describes the presentation, investigation and management of the ectopic, impacted UR1 with a discussion of the possible aetiology of the resorption of the crown. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This report describes the presentation, investigation and management of the ectopic, impacted UR1 with a discussion of the possible aetiology of the resorption of the crown.

Surgical Treatment of Supernumerary Elements for Orthodontic Purposes: Clinical Case Report

Introduction: Hyperdontia is a type of dental development disorder linked to various factors, characterized by an excessive number of teeth in relation to the normal dental formula. This anomaly can affect both jaws and dentitions, but the anterior maxillary region and the permanent dentition are the most affected, and it is more prevalent in male patients. Early diagnosis and immediate treatment are of the utmost importance to avoid complications. Objective: To describe a surgical procedure involving the removal of bilateral mandibular supernumerary teeth in a 17-year-old patient for orthodontic purposes. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive study of a clinical case, carried out by a student and a team of professors from the postgraduate course in minor oral surgery, at the Dentistry school clinic of the Integrated College of Patos (UNIFIP). The procedure was carried out in two surgical procedures, with a 30-day interval between the surgeries. Conclusion: There are several consequences that supernumerary elements can cause and this case report raises awareness and provides evidence for the clinical characterization and optimal treatment of supernumerary teeth.

Clinical features of non-syndromic late developing supernumerary teeth: a sign of the third dentition?

ObjectivesThis study aimed to summarize the clinical features of non-syndromic late developing supernumerary teeth (LDST) and comparisons with common supernumerary teeth (ST) and explore the association between LDST and the third dentition.Materials and methodsThis study retrospected cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and medical history of 41,903 consecutive patients from January to December 2021. Comparisons between ST and LDST were evaluated by Chi-square test or Fisher exact test. Correlation between chronological age and dental stage age was evaluated by Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to explore the features of LDST originating from the third dentition.ResultsSixty patients with 126 non-syndromic LDST and 1602 patients with 1988 non-syndromic ST were identified. The prevalence of ST and LDST was 3.82% and 0.14%, respectively, with a male-female ratio of 1.78:1 and 1.31:1. LDST patients mainly had LDST in multiple (58.33%) and bilaterally (41.67%), with an average of 2.1/patient. Most LDST were normal-shaped (84.13%), vertically oriented (71.43%), located in the mandible (80.16%), and distributed in the premolar region (82.54%). The study also indicated that the development of LDST was correlated with permanent teeth, with LDST developing 6.48 to 10.45 years later. In this study, 72.22% of LDST met the clinical criteria for the third dentition.ConclusionsLDST manifested different clinical features from common ST. LDST might be closely related to the third dentition.Clinical relevanceThis work would help to comprehend LDST from a clinical perspective, and may be complementary to the criteria of the third dentition.

Bilateral Maxillary Duplication in Tessier No. 7 Cleft: An Uncommon Congenital Deformity with a Challenging Radiological Diagnosis.

Tessier No. 7 cleft, known as lateral facial cleft, is a rare and understudied entity with an incidence of 1/80,000-1/300,000 live births. Besides perioral tissue abnormalities manifesting as macrostomia, Tessier 7 cleft also involves anomalies of the underlying bony structures. It can appear as part of a syndrome, such as Treacher-Collins syndrome or Goldenhar/Orbito-Auriculo-Vestibular Spectrum, or as an isolated form (unilateral or bilateral) with variable expressions. Bilateral maxillary duplication in Tessier 7 cleft is considered extremely rare, accounting for only two previously presented cases. Given that the cases presented in the literature mainly focus on clinical appearance and surgical treatment, without providing sufficient imaging, we aim to present key radiological features of Tessier 7 cleft in terms of evaluating the involved structures, which is essential for the therapeutic approach and final outcome. A 17-year-old male with incompetent lips and orthodontic abnormalities was referred to our Radiology Department for orthopantomography (OPG) and CT examinations. Hetero-anamnestic data revealed a history of surgical treatment of the commissural cleft conducted 2 months after the birth to enable feeding. Intraoral examination showed a maxillary cleft and supernumerary teeth. Since the given clinical presentation was inconclusive, radiological diagnostics took precedence in elucidating this complex entity.

Two new species of Prionospio (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Northwest and Northeast Atlantic

Specimens of Prionospio collected from the Northeastern Atlantic Ocean (“Gay Head-Bermuda Transect”) and North Sea (Sweden), and identified as Prionospio dubia, were examined, and two new species were described: P. gayheadia sp. nov. and P. multisetosa sp. nov. P. gayheadia sp. nov., is characterized by having a flask-shaped prostomium, anteriorly truncate and no eyes; the first and fourth pairs of branchiae with long, naked, smooth distal tips; very short, rounded first neuropodial postchaetal lamellae, much smaller than 1/5 of the size of the notopodial lamellae; oval neuropodial postchaetal lamellae on chaetiger 3; sabre chaetae from chaetigers 15–18; notopodial hooded hooks from chaetigers 70–76 (smaller specimens 56–59), all hooded hooks with four pairs of accessory teeth. P. multisetosa sp. nov. has a skittle-shaped prostomium, anteriorly rounded and no eyes; the first and four pairs of branchiae with very short, naked, smooth distal tips; well- developed notopodial prechaetal lamellae on chaetigers 13–33; first neuropodial postchaetal lamellae large, tongue-shaped, slightly smaller than the notopodial lamellae; neuropodial postchaetal lamellae on chaetiger 3 subtriangular (sometimes with rectangular lamellae to the left or right); sabre chaetae from chaetigers 19–24; notopodial hooded hooks from chaetigers 50–55 (smaller specimen 46), all hooded hooks with three pairs of small teeth. An identification key and comparison table detailing the most relevant characters of the species most similar to P. dubia are provided.

Cleidocranial dysplasia associated with dentigerous cyst-review of literature and case report of two siblings.

Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a developmental anomaly of the skeleton and teeth which may be inherited, be transmitted as dominant characteristics in either male or female or even appear spontaneously. A case was reported in the department of oral medicine and radiology of two sisters age 17 and 19 years old with a chief complaint of milk teeth not falling since childhood. They presented specific physical and oral findings in common which suggested the idea of an undiagnosed syndrome. The sisters showed CCD characteristics including short stature (4 feet) and frontal bone resorption indicating delayed closure of fontanels. The stature is moderately shortened with the neck appearing long and narrow and the shoulders markedly dropped. Dental abnormalities such as retention of primary dentition, multiple supernumerary teeth, and delayed eruption of permanent dentition. OPG showed the presence of multiple impacted permanent and supernumerary teeth with radiolucency involving the crowns of impacted teeth revealing a cystic lesion. Lateral cephalogram also revealed the presence of multiple impacted teeth. The provisional diagnosis of CCD with dentigerous cyst was given. The enucleation of cyst was done and submitted for histopathological examination. Histopathologically, the soft tissue section suggested the features of dentigerous cyst. The final diagnosis of CCD associated with dentigerous cyst was confirmed.

Late-forming supernumerary teeth: A case series.

The aim of this case series was to illustrate the development of late-forming supernumerary teeth (LFST) and highlight the implications for orthodontic treatment. There are limited studies relating to the aetiology, prevalence and treatment of LFST and the cases presented here demonstrate the management of LFST within a tertiary care centre. Five cases are presented, which show various presentations and chronological ages in the development of LFST. This case series emphasises the significance of maintaining a low threshold for suspecting LFST in patients where supernumerary teeth have previously been identified. It also highlights the importance of regular clinical and radiographic reviews. Timely identification can help prevent complications and optimise treatment outcomes.

Dental Anomalies in Primary Dentition among Arabian Children: A Hospital-Based Study.

An observational study was carried out in a teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia to determine the occurrence of dental anomalies among Arabian children. The study included children of Saudi nationality with primary teeth. The study assessed the prevalence of dental anomalies in their primary dentition. The assessment and data collection were conducted by a single examiner, utilizing clinical examination and intra-oral radiographs. A comparative analysis was conducted to examine dental anomalies in relation to gender (boys and girls) and arch type (maxillary and mandibular). In addition, the study explored the occurrence of gender-specific dental anomalies depending on arch type. The data analysis was conducted using IBM Statistics (version 21.0) with a significance level of p < 0.05. In total, there were 245 children included in the final analysis. The study population consisted of boys (66%) and girls (34%), with an average age of 4.87 ± 0.9 years. Taurodontism was the most prevalent dental abnormality, occurring in 2.8% of the individuals in the study sample. The study sample exhibited hypodontia in 2%, supernumerary teeth in 2.4%, double teeth in 2%, and microdontia in 1.2%. Talon cusp and macrodontia have a relatively low incidence of 0.4%. Boys exhibit supernumerary teeth, microdontia, macrodontia, talon cusp, and taurodontism, whereas hypodontia and double teeth were more frequent in girls.

Gemination of maxillary incisors in decidous and permanent dentition – a case report

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Introduction. &amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;Shape variations of teeth can be present both in perma nent and in deciduous dentition. Gemination, fusion, concrescention, and ,,twin teeth&amp;amp;rdquo; are development anomalies. Aim of this article is to show different cases of simultaneous gemination in deciduous denti tion and supernumerary teeth in permanent dentition in upper incisors region.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt; &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; Case report.&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; A nine-year-old girl, suffering from juvenile idiopathic arthritis, has been sent to the Dental Clinic of Vojvodina. The clinical examination and OPG (orthopantomography) analysis revealed the presence of supernumerary tooth in the region of tooth 51, and also supernumerary tooth in tooth region 11. There was the presence of a cyst in the region 23, which was corresponding to the follicular cyst. The treatment plan included extraction of tooth 51 and supernumer ary tooth, extraction of tooth 52, and control examination after three months with 3D radiography.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt; &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; Conclusion. &amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;Full cooperation between pediatric dentist, oral surgeon and orthodontics is required. Therapy should be focused on balanc ing the occlusion and gaining best aesthetic results. The significance of highlighting the importance of this case lies in its contribution to expanding our understanding of gemination anomalies in the dental f ield. By presenting a rare occurrence involving gemination of maxillary incisors in both deciduous and permanent dentition, this case report offers valuable insights into the clinical manifestations, diagnostic ap proaches and treatment strategies associated with this condition.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

Mandibular Mesiodens: A Case Report of Rare Clinical Entity

Supernumerary teeth are those that are in excess of the normal series. Supernumerary teeth can appear as a single tooth, multiple teeth, unilaterally or bilaterally, and in the maxilla, mandible, or both. The presence of this condition, particularly in the mandibular anterior region, has been reported infrequently. The purpose of this paper is to report and review the occurrence of such a rare combination. A 9-year-old girl presented to the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry with the chief complaint of a malpositioned tooth in the lower anterior region of the jaw. A supplemental tooth resembling a permanent central incisor was discovered during a clinical examination. The presence of Mesiodens was confirmed by radiographic examination. The mesiodens was extracted, followed by a spontaneous closure of the diastema. This case report revealed that the early detection of mandibular supplemental incisors could facilitate early intervention, a better prognosis, and fewer complications.

Complex Odontoma Associated with Impacted Teeth and Supernumerary Tooth

This study aimed to present the case of supernumerary teeth and complex odontoma. It highlights the debate about odontomas, the most common benign tumors of odontogenic origin. Due to their hamartomatous characteristics, they are usually asymptomatic but can cause impaction of one or more teeth. Microscopically, they comprise all the tissue types found in a developed tooth. Here, we report a case of complex odontoma associated with impacted teeth and a supernumerary tooth, followed by bony expansion and failure of eruption in a 15-year-old boy.

Five parapremolars in a non-syndromic patient: A case report

Supernumerary teeth or hyperdontia are additional or an excessive number of teeth present in normal deciduous or permanent dentition. The prevalence of supernumerary teeth is between 0.1 and 3.8% in permanent dentition and between 0.3 and 0.8% in deciduous dentition. In Sabah, the prevalence of supernumerary teeth is 10.32% among orthodontic patients. The condition is more common in male patients. A case report involved a fit and healthy 19-year-old male student who presented with multiple supernumeraries. Upon clinical examination, there were three erupted supernumeraries on the bilateral mandibular premolar region, and additional two impacted supernumeraries being discovered after further radiographic investigation. This anomaly was found during an annual dental school checkup program. The patient had congenital absence of the lower left third molar. Primary dental care was carried out such as filling for carious teeth, scaling, oral hygiene reinforcement and regular monitoring. The patient declined any other dental treatment options such as extraction of the non-functioning supernumerary parapremolar teeth, or orthodontic treatment to improve his malocclusion. Currently, the patient is under oral hygiene maintenance with regular dental follow-ups. In a nutshell, the importance of regular dental follow-ups and review is crucial to monitor any signs and symptoms of pathology such as cystic formation of unerupted supernumeraries. Reinforcement of oral hygiene and caries risk assessment should be carried out during reviews to improve and maintain the patient’s quality of life.

Prevalence of Dental Anomalies in Patients with Non-syndromic Cleft Lip with or without Cleft Palate

This study aimed to assess the prevalence and distribution pattern of dental anomalies in the permanent teeth of patients with non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Additionally, it aimed to compare differences in dental anomalies between cleft and non-cleft areas, considering gender and cleft phenotype. Panoramic radiographs of 164 patients diagnosed with non-syndromic orofacial clefts were retrospectively analyzed by a single examiner to confirm dental anomalies. The dental anomalies investigated included tooth agenesis, supernumerary teeth, microdontia, rotation, ectopic eruption, and enamel hypoplasia. Cleft phenotypes were categorized into 7 types based on medical and dental records. A significantly higher prevalence of supernumerary teeth was observed in males than females within non-cleft areas (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.017), with no significant differences in other dental anomalies. In non-cleft area, patients with cleft palate exhibited a high prevalence of tooth agenesis (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0001) and microdontia (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.012) compared to other cleft phenotypes. Maxillary incisor rotation was closely associated with adjacent tooth agenesis in unilateral cleft lip and palate cases (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.034). This study suggests that the additional subphenotype based on dental anomalies in patients with orofacial cleft may serve as applicable clinical markers.

Performance of a deep learning system for simultaneously diagnosing radiolucent and radiopaque lesions in the anterior maxilla on panoramic radiographs

AbstractAimTo validate the performance of a deep learning system with detection and classification functions for a mix of radiolucent and radiopaque lesions in the anterior maxilla on panoramic radiographs.MethodsPatients with radiolucent or radiopaque lesions in the anterior maxilla on panoramic radiographs were selected retroactively from May 2022 until Feb 2002 to obtain 100 preoperative radiographs each for nasopalatine duct cysts (NDCs), radicular cysts (RCs), and impacted supernumerary teeth (ISTs). An additional 100 patients with no lesions in the anterior maxilla were selected. Two deep learning systems (Systems 1 and 2) were created and tested. For System 1, the models were created and tested using datasets of radiolucent lesions (NDCs and RCs) and No lesions. For developing System 2, the data of radiopaque lesions (ISTs) were added to those used in System 1. The neural network used was You Only Look Once ver. 7 (YOLOv7). The recall, precision, F1 score, and accuracy calculated from the confusion matrix were used to evaluate diagnostic performance.ResultsThe performance of System 2, which included the IST data, was worse than that of System 1. Even when NDCs and RCs were addressed as a joint category of radiolucent lesions, the addition of IST data resulted in a worse performance than that of System 1.ConclusionOur results indicate that combined use of radiopaque lesions (ISTs) with radiolucent lesions (NDCs and RCs) reduces the deep learning performance for radiolucent lesions with the volume of data used in the present study.

Management options and long-term follow-ups for permanent double incisors: six to eleven-year case reports

BackgroundDouble teeth are dental anomalies that can lead to aesthetic and orthodontic problems.Case presentationThis report discusses two cases involving the multidisciplinary management of permanent maxillary left lateral incisors fused with a supernumerary tooth in two girls aged 9 and 10. Following intraoral and radiographic examinations, one was diagnosed with fusion, and the other was diagnosed with concrescence. The crown of the fused incisor was separated using a burs and extracted intraorally. The concrescent incisor was separated along its length using a laser and intentionally replanted extraorally. After a 6-year follow-up, no pathological signs were observed in the fused incisor. However, after an 11-year follow-up, external resorption was observed in the concrescent incisor.ConclusionsBoth incisors remained asymptomatic throughout the observation period. This case report highlights two different and effective methods employed to preserve the natural function, form, and aesthetics of double incisors.

Supernumerary teeth in the maxilla and mandible-an interdisciplinary challenge. Part 1: epidemiology, etiology, classification and associated complications

Supernumerary teeth develop in addition to the normal dentition and are a therapeutic challenge for pedodontists, orthodontists and oral surgeons alike. Therefore, interdisciplinary treatment concepts are needed for the benefit of the patient. In the present, two-parted literature review on supernumerary teeth, current classification, associated complications, diagnostic steps and different therapeutic approches are presented and discussed. Supernumerary teeth are diagnosed in the primary and permanent dentition. Supernumerary incisors, canines, premolars, and molars, as well as distomolars and mesiodentes can be seen according to the location of the supernumerary teeth. Furthermore, based on the morphology of the supernumeraries four different types can be differentiated: conical, tuberculate, supplemental, and odontoma. Supernumerary teeth often remain asymptomatic, and are only diagnosed incidentally during a routine dental visit on radiographs (often intraoral). Nevertheless, various complications have been reported in the literature for supernumerary teeth such as disturbed eruption, malpositioning/rotation, root resorption of neighbouring teeth, and development of dentigerous cysts in impacted supernumeraries. Root resorption of neighbouring teeth can be radiographically diagnosed in up to 22.8% of the cases.

Congenital Tessier Type 7 Bilateral Maxillary Duplication: A Rare Craniofacial Deformity

It is uncommon for these rare congenital abnormalities to manifest as craniofacial clefts. The Tessier clefting scheme is one classification technique that is used for diagnosis. A maxillary duplication is an extra bone that is situated behind the maxillary tuberosity. The case of a six-year-old child with bilaterally supernumerary teeth who presented to the Department of Radiodiagnosis of our institute to assess and treat enlarged asymptomatic cheek swelling is presented. On the basis of the patient's medical history, physical examination, and radiological tests, the accessory maxillae were diagnosed. Later, there was a surgical reconstruction.

Pattern of Mandibular Third Molar Impaction in Patients from Twin Cities of Pakistan

When a tooth fails to erupt within its expected time window, it is called as impaction. Impaction of tooth can be due to multiple local and generalized reasons. Generalized factors are associated with multiple systematic disorders and syndromes including cleidocranial dysostosis, Down’s syndrome, amelogenesis imperfecta, osteopetrosis and achondroplasia. Local factors involved in the failure of eruption include lack of space, supernumerary teeth, odontogenic cysts and tumors, odontoma, ankylosis, existence of alveolar cleft and idiopathic factors such as primary failure of eruption. Mechanical obstruction are most frequently associated with the failure of eruption of permanent teeth. Most common impacted tooth is mandibular third molar which makes 98% of all types of impacted teeth1 followed be maxillary third molar, maxillary canine and mandibular second premolars. Mandibular third molars removal is performed due to multiple reasons including pain, swelling and other complications during and after eruption. Its extraction requires proper planning according to the angulation and position to avoid post-operative complication. The goal of the present study is to estimate patterns of mandibular impaction in patients from twin cities of Pakistan. So that surgeons can plan the surgery according to the patterns of impactions. A prospective survey was executed on patients visiting oral surgery section of Islamic International Dental Hospital, Islamabad from April 2018 to Feb 2019. Sample size was of 50 patients. Chosen Classifications were Pell and Gregory and Winters classification. Data examination was done through SPSS 23. The most frequent type of impaction is mesioangular in patients of twin cities. Third molar impaction is a public health concern. The most predominant category of impaction was level B and class 2, mesioangular impaction with a slight male prediction in twin cities of Pakistan. This study can help surgeons plan according to data and avoid complications.

Management of natal tooth of a 2 months old infant: a case report

Natal and neonatal teeth are the type of supernumerary tooth which have various myths and superstitions associated with it. Natal teeth are the teeth which appear at the time of the birth whereas neonatal teeth appear within one month of life. Presence of natal teeth often risks the aspiration of teeth by infant and the mother also has difficulty in breast feeding and comes with the complaint of the same. The present case report of 2-month-old infant describes the management of natal teeth present in mandibular arch with mobility. After the consent of parents, the extraction of the shell-like tooth was done immediately and hemostasis was achieved. The follow up was carried out after 1 week to examine the normal healing of extraction site.

Orthodontic management of midline diastema caused by mesiodens: A case series

Supernumerary teeth are teeth in excess of the normal number, found in both primary and permanent dentition. Mesiodens are the most common form of supernumerary teeth, usually found in the maxillary anterior region, in between the permanent central incisors. It may lead to complications such as malocclusion, unesthetic appearance, food lodgment, and cyst formation. Early diagnosis and immediate intervention are advised to avoid orthodontic and pathological complications. The case series here discusses three different cases for presence of supernumerary teeth leading to development of midline diastema. Extraction of the supernumerary teeth followed by fixed orthodontic treatment was performed to correct the malocclusion and improve the facial esthetics.