Superior Sodium Storage Research Articles

Nitrogen and sulfur co-doped hierarchically mesoporous carbon derived from biomass as high-performance anode materials for superior sodium storage

A green, resource-abundant, economical, and reversible anode is essential in the large-scale energy storage application of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). In this study, sulfur and nitrogen co-doped hierarchically porous carbon materials (SN–HPCS) have been synthesized using high-yield biomass starch as a precursor through a simple and repeatable structural design method. The SN–HPCS has a unique sponge-like porous morphology with a three-dimensional (3D) interconnected reticular structure, which creates space for the electrolyte penetration into the carbon network and facilitates charge transfer. Meawhile, heteroatom-doping not only expands the interlayer distances of carbon but also introducts defect into carbon, which provide more active sites for the storage of Na+. As an anode for SIBs, SN–HPCS exhibits a high capacity 313 mAh g−1 at 0.8 A g−1, a good rate performance 268 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1, and outstanding cycling stability 156 mAh g−1 after 3000 cycles at a current density of 8 A g−1, while maintaining 93% of their initial capacity. The enhanced Na+ storage performance is attributed to the synergistic effect of the structure advantages and dual-doping of nitrogen and sulfur.

Microstructure controlled synthesis of Ni, N-codoped CoP/carbon fiber hybrids with improving reaction kinetics for superior sodium storage

Transition-metal phosphides (TMPs)-based hybrid structure have received considerable attention for efficient sodium storage owing to their high capacity and decent reversibility. However, the volume expansion & the poor electronic conductivity of TMPs, the poor-rate capability, and fast capacity decay greatly hinder its practical application. To address these issues, a low-cost and facile strategy for the synthesis of Ni, N-codoped graphitized carbon (C) and cobalt phosphide (CoP) embedded in carbon fiber ([email protected]⊂CF) as self-supporting anode material is demonstrated for the first time. The graphitized carbon and carbon fiber improve the electrical conductivity and inhibit the volume expansion issues. In addition to that, the microporous structure, and ultrasmall sized Ni-CoP offer a high surface area for electrolyte wettability, short Na-ion diffusion path and fast charge transport kinetics. As a result, outstanding electrochemical performance with an average capacity decay of 0.04% cycle−1 at 2000 mA g−1, an excellent rate capability of 270 mAh g−1@2000 mA g−1 and a high energy density of ~231.1 Wh kg−1 is achieved with binder-free self-supporting anode material. This work shows a potential for designing binder-free and high energy density sodium-ion batteries.

Toward Highly Stable Anode for Secondary Batteries: Employing TiO2 Shell as Elastic Buffering Marix for FeOx Nanoparticles.

Transition metal oxides are considered promising anode materials for next-generation lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries (LIBs and SIBs) because of their high theoretical capacities; however, their practical application is limited by the detrimental large volume expansion that occurs upon cycling. In this work, a rationally designed TiO2 @Fe@FeOx nanocomposite encapsulated by a TiO2 shell with unique core-shell structure is synthesized and exhibits outstanding electrochemical performance as an anode in LIBs and SIBs. The nanocomposite exhibits a reversible capacity of 619.2 mAh g-1 at 1 A g-1 with a coulombic efficiency over 99.5% after 1000 cycles when used as a LIB anode. The nanocomposite also exhibits superior sodium storage performance (267 mAh g-1 at 50mA g-1 , capacity retention of 65.4% after 1000cycles at 200mA g-1 ). The TiO2 shell serves as a strong conformal layer and soft matrix that can tolerate the volume expansion and maintain the structural integrity of the anode during discharging and charging. Moreover, the open active diffusion channels of the shell contribute to high ion diffusivity and improved ionic, and electronic diffusion. These findings indicate that adoption of TiO2 coating is an effective strategy to optimize the electrochemical performance of transition metal oxide anode materials.

Improving the Sodium Storage Performance of Porous Carbon Derived From Covalent Organic Frameworks Through N, S Co-Doping

Heteroatom doping, which has long been considered as one of the most efficient approaches to significantly enhance the sodium storage ability of carbonaceous anodes, has drawn increasing attention. Compared with single doping, dual doping can introduce more defects and accelerate ionic diffusion. In addition, the synergistic effect between the dual doped atoms can significantly improve the electrochemical performances. Besides, exploring novel precursors with excellent properties, which can induce porous structure and rapid pathways for electrons/ions in the resultant carbonaceous anode, is still full of challenges. Herein, nitrogen and sulfur–co-doped urchin-like porous carbon (NSC) was fabricated through a combined strategy including carbonization and subsequent sulfidation, using covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as precursors. Because of the dual doping–endowed rich defects, high electronic conductivity, and favorable capacitive behavior, the resultant NSC exhibited excellent sodium storage performances, delivering superior sodium storage capacity (483.5 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 100 cycles) and excellent cycling stability up to 1,000 cycles (231.6 mAh g−1 at 1.0 A g−1). Importantly, such remarkable electrochemical performances of the resultant carbonaceous anode may shed light on the efficient conversion of COFs to functional materials.

Precisely tailored morphology of polyimine for simple synthesis of metal sulfide/carbon flower-like superstructures

Metal sulfide/carbon superstructures are a new class of functional materials for various energy applications due to their strong synergistic effect and favorable geometry. However, developing a controllable way to synthesize metal sulfide/Carbon superstructures with high N doping, well-designed 3D superstructure and refined metal sulfide nanoparticles remains a big challenge. Herein, we report a one-pot synthesis of metal sulfide/carbon flower-like superstructures (MxSy/CFSs) by using metal ion doped polyimine. The morphology of polyimine can be easily tuned by choosing different solvents or different amino monomers. The presence of imine bond and thiophene in polyimine not only can coordinates with metal ion and transforms them into metal sulfide during carbonization, but also provides high N and S doping for the MxSy/CFSs. Benefiting from the advantages of these structures, multiple MxSy/CFSs (such as FeS/CFSs, Co9S8/CFSs, Ni3S2/CFSs, and MnS/CFSs) with high N doping, uniform metal sulfide nanoparticles and hierarchical superstructures were fabricated by directly carbonizing metal ion doped polyimine flower-like superstructures in nitrogen atmosphere. The as-prepared Co9S8/CFSs exhibits superior sodium storage properties with stable cycling performance and excellent rate capacity. This new finding provides a novel strategy to controllably design and produce metal sulfide/carbon flower-like superstructures for the applications in energy storage.

Topological transformation construction of a CoSe2/N-doped carbon heterojunction with a three-dimensional porous structure for high-performance sodium-ion half/full batteries

A CoSe2/N-doped carbon heterojunction with a three-dimensional porous structure is synthesized via a topological transformation process, which delivers superior sodium storage performance.

Dual Substituted Modification by Mg2+ and Ti4+ for Na3v2(Po4)3 Nano Particles Attached with High Conductive Carbon Nanotubes for Superior Sodium Storage Property

Dual Substituted Modification by Mg2+ and Ti4+ for Na3v2(Po4)3 Nano Particles Attached with High Conductive Carbon Nanotubes for Superior Sodium Storage Property

In situ fabrication of MXene/CuS hybrids with interfacial covalent bonding via Lewis acidic etching route for efficient sodium storage

A simple strategy is proposed for the fabrication of Ti3C2Tx/CuS hybrids via Lewis acidic etching route. The Ti3C2Tx/CuS shows boosted charge/mass transfer kinetics and structural integrity, leading to superior sodium storage performance.

Boosting reaction kinetics and improving long cycle life in lamellar VS2/MoS2 heterojunctions for superior sodium storage performance

Unique 2D lamellar VS2/MoS2 heterojunctions boost reaction kinetics of Na+ and improve long cycle life for sodium storage.

Construction of Cos-Encapsulated in Ultrahigh Nitrogen Doped Carbon Nanofibers from Energetic Metal-Organic Frameworks for Superior Sodium Storage

Construction of Cos-Encapsulated in Ultrahigh Nitrogen Doped Carbon Nanofibers from Energetic Metal-Organic Frameworks for Superior Sodium Storage

Heterointerface Engineering of Hierarchical Sns/Zns with Rich Phase Boundaries for Superior Sodium Storage Performance

Heterointerface Engineering of Hierarchical Sns/Zns with Rich Phase Boundaries for Superior Sodium Storage Performance

An exquisite branch–leaf shaped metal sulfoselenide composite endowing an ultrastable sodium-storage lifespan over 10 000 cycles

An exquisite branch–leaf CNF@CoSSe@C was designed and fabricated, which favorably affords rich electrochemistry-active sites and multi-dimensional interconnected ion-transport channels, thus endowing superior sodium-storage lifespan over 13 000 cycles.

Optimizing the microstructure of carbon nano-honeycombs for high-energy sodium-ion capacitor

Carbon materials have received a great assiduity as anode for sodium ion storage, however, the sluggish kinetics of Na+ ions limit their development, suffering from low specific capacity and poor cycling stability. Herein, an eco-friendly biomass carbonization strategy is utilized to synthesize porous carbon nano-honeycombs (CNs) with hierarchical microstructures. Inspiringly, graphitic domains in the CNs can endow conductivity way for electron/charge transport, simultaneously, disordered domains with dilated lattice spacing (0.4 nm) are beneficial for Na+ storage. Both of the merits synergically make the CNs boost superior sodium storage performance with high reversible capacity (322 mAh g‒1 at 50 mA g‒1), superb rate capability (91 mAh g‒1 at 5.0 A g‒1), and cycling stability (99.8% retention over 10,000 cycles at 2.5 A g‒1). Moreover, the CNs-based sodium-ion capacitor (SIC) device achieves high energy/power densities (122 Wh kg‒1 at 112.5 W kg‒1 and 17,619 W kg‒1 at 34.6 Wh kg‒1) with an outstanding cycle stability (95.7% retention over 10,000 cycles at 1.0 A g‒1). Our findings provide insights into optimizing the microstructure of carbon for boosting sodium storage.

Metal organic framework derived SnS@C composites for efficient sodium storage

Tin monosulfide (SnS) has received extensive attention as a promising anode material toward sodium storage for its high specific capacity. Herein, we reported a simple and facile vulcanization reaction to synthesize SnS particles dispersed into carbonaceous mesoporous frameworks using Sn-based MOFs as the precursor template. The unique structure of SnS@C improves electrical conductivity of SnS and promotes the electrons transfer. The as-prepared SnS@C-500 composite displays superior sodium storage performance, which exhibits a high specific capacity of 510 mAh g−1 over 200 cycles at the current density of 0.5 ​A ​g−1, as well as superior rate capabilities. The current MOF-derived synthesis method offers a simple and effective apporach to synthesis in situ SnS/carbonaceous composites electrode materials.

Crosslinking Nanoarchitectonics of Nitrogen-doped Carbon/MoS2 Nanosheets/Ti3 C2 Tx MXene Hybrids for Highly Reversible Sodium Storage.

Although it is a promising sodium storage material due to its excellent electrochemical activity, small bandgap, and large interlayer spacing, layered molybdenum disulfide (MoS2 ) suffers from poor rate capability and degraded cycling life, resulting from its serious aggregation upon preparation, sluggish reaction kinetics, and structure expansion during cycling. To address these issues, a polyethyleneimine (PEI)-assisted fabrication approach was developed for the rational synthesis of an interconnected framework with nitrogen-doped carbon-confined MoS2 nanosheets/Ti3 C2 Tx MXene (MoS2 /Ti3 C2 Tx @NC), where the PEI could guide the uniform growth of MoS2 on Ti3 C2 Tx and the self-generated NC simultaneously enhanced its synergistic coupling with MoS2 /Ti3 C2 Tx , thus contributing to the improvement of charge transfer, diffusion kinetics, and structural integrity of the hybrid electrode. Consequently, the desired MoS2 /Ti3 C2 Tx @NC delivered impressive sodium storage performance, demonstrating high reversible capacities of 397.3 and 206.8 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 after 100 cycles and 0.5 A g-1 after 500 cycles, respectively. Moreover, electrochemical kinetics analysis and charge storage mechanism manifested that high capacitive contribution, facilitated Na+ transport pathways, and synergistic electronic coupling between MoS2 /Ti3 C2 Tx and NC contributed to the superior sodium storage performance.

Co-Salen Complex-Derived CoP Nanoparticles Confined in N-Doped Carbon Microspheres for Stable Sodium Storage.

The poor rate and cycle performance rooting from the inferior electrical conductivity and large volume change are bottlenecks for further application of the potential anode material in sodium-ion batteries. To address this problem, homogeneous CoP nanoparticles enwrapped in the N-doped carbon (CoP/NC) microspheres are synthesized by the simultaneous carbonization and phosphorization of Co-salen complex microspheres for the first time. The N-doped carbon enhances its conductivity and diminishes the volume stress, and the dispersed CoP nanoparticles in carbon provide more reaction sites, resulting in a superior sodium storage performance. CoP/NC microspheres exhibit the capacity of 373 mA h g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 after 100 cycles. Even at 2 A g-1 for 2000 cycles, the capacity of 195 mA h g-1 is also achieved. This work provides an excellent reference for the design and synthesis of sulfide, selenide, and other transition-metal composites. It is also beneficial to expand the application of salen complexes in the design and synthesis of catalysts and energy storage materials.

Interfacial Kinetics Regulation of MoS2 /Cu2 Se Nanosheets toward Superior High-Rate and Ultralong-Lifespan Sodium-Ion Half/Full Batteries.

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have aroused great attention because of the low cost and environmental benignity of sodium resources. However, practical applications of SIBs are plagued by the sluggish kinetics of sodium ions with large size in the host structure, which results in poor rate performance and rapid capacity decline. Herein, a self-templated approach was developed to synthesize MoS2 /Cu2 Se nanosheets with improved interfacial electron- and ion-transfer kinetics. The MoS2 /Cu2 Se nanosheets provided superior sodium storage performance, delivering 139 mAh g-1 at a high current density of 100 A g-1 and 222 mAh g-1 after 14000 cycles (at 20 A g-1 ). The outstanding electrochemical performance was attributed to the synergetic engineering of interface and structure, which could enhance the electrochemical kinetics and gave excellent mechanical properties to deal with the volume expansion phenomenon. Combined with a high-voltage cathode, the full battery demonstrated a high energy density of 152 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 420 W kg-1 , which opens a new avenue for the development of high-performance SIBs.

Enabling superior sodium storage behavior of MoS2 in ether-based electrolytes

While much efforts have been made in developing MoS2-based materials as anode for sodium-ion batteries, the influence of electrolytes on the sodium storage behavior has been relatively less studied. Herein, we demonstrate that using an ether-based electrolyte can significantly improve the electrochemical performance. Using DME electrolyte provided higher initial Coulombic efficiency (94.5%), better high-rate capability (433.64 mAh g[Formula: see text] at 5 A g[Formula: see text], and larger specific capacity after 200 cycles (508 mAh g[Formula: see text] at 1 A g[Formula: see text] compared to when using conventional EC/DEC electrolyte (75.3%, 332.5 mAh g[Formula: see text] at 5 A g[Formula: see text], and 87 mAh g[Formula: see text], respectively). From kinetic studies, the improvement in performance is attributed to larger capacitive storage contribution, lower energy barriers for ionic diffusion within the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer and for charge transfer, and faster transport of sodium ions. Further SEM and TEM studies suggest the development of thinner SEI layer when using DME electrolyte. This study provides fundamental insights into how ether-based electrolytes can improve the rate performance and long-term cycle performance of MoS2 in sodium-ion batteries, which may be extended to other anode materials.

层状钒酸钾应用于高性能高温钠离子电池

The high-temperature sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) used for large-scale energy storage have attracted extensive attention in recent years. However, the development of SIBs is still hampered mainly by their poor charge/discharge efficiency and stability, necessitating the search for appropriate electrodes. A simple potassium ion intercalation process is used herein to obtain the potassium vanadate (KV3O8) nanobelts. When serving as the anode for SIBs at a high temperature (60°C), the KV3O8 nanobelts display superior sodium storage performance with a high capacity of 414 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, remarkable rate capability (220 mA h g−1 at 20 A g−1), and super-long cycle life (almost no capacity fading at 10 A g−1 over 1000 cycles). Moreover, the ex-situ X-ray powder diffraction reveals no structural changes throughout the whole charge/discharge process, which further confirms their outstanding stability, indicating KV3O8 nanobelts are a promising candidate for high-temperature SIBs.

Rational Design of Yolk-Shell ZnCoSe@N-Doped Dual Carbon Architectures as Long-Life and High-Rate Anodes for Half/Full Na-Ion Batteries.

Transition-metal selenides (TMSs) have emerged as prospective anode materials for sodium ion batteries (SIBs), owing to their considerable theoretical capacity and intrinsic high electronic conductivity. Whereas, TMSs still suffer from poor rate capability and inferior cycling stability induced by sluggish kinetics and severe volume changes during de/sodiation processes. Herein, a hierarchical composite consisting of a zinc-cobalt bimetallic selenide yolk and nitrogen-doped double carbon shell (denoted as ZnCoSe@NDC) is engineered and fabricated successfully. The architecture of the as-fabricated material improves the Na-ion storage performance via increasing the electron transfer kinetics, accommodating volume expansion, and mitigating the generation of by-products. As expected, the ZnCoSe@NDC electrode delivers superior sodium storage performance with long cycling stability (344.5 mAh g-1 at 5.0 A g-1 over 2000 long-term cycles) and high-rate performance (319.2 mAh g-1 at 10.0 A g-1 ). Meanwhile, the NVP@C//ZnCoSe@NDC full SIB cells are constructed successfully, retaining 96.3% of its initial capacity at 0.5A g-1 after 200 loops. The outstanding electrochemical performance and the construction of hybrid SIBs will have far-reaching influences on the development of the various rechargeable batteries.