Superior Lithium Ion Battery Anode Research Articles

WS2 nanosheets vertically grown on Ti3C2 as superior anodes for lithium-ion batteries

Tungsten disulfide (WS2) is considered as a promising anode material for high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) result from its inherent characteristics such as high theoretical capacity, large interlayer spacing and weak interlayer Van der Waals force. Nevertheless, WS2 has the drawbacks of easy agglomeration, severe volume expansion and high Li+ migration barrier, which lead to rapid capacity degradation and imperfect rate ability. In this work, a novel two-dimensional (2D) hierarchical composite (Ti3C2/WS2) consisting of WS2 nanosheets vertically grown on titanium carbide (Ti3C2) nanosheets is prepared. Thanks to this distinctive hierarchical structure and synergy between WS2 and Ti3C2, the Ti3C2/WS2 composite demonstrates exceptional electrochemical performance in LIBs. In addition, we investigate the effect of the mass proportion of WS2 in Ti3C2/WS2 composite on the electrochemical performance, and find that the optimal mass ratio of WS2 is 60%. As expected, the optimal electrode exhibits a high specific capacity (650 mAh/g at 0.1 A/g after 100 cycles) and ultra-long cycle stability (400 mAh/g at 1.0 A/g after 5000 cycles).

Trimetallic sulfides coated with N-doped carbon nanorods as superior anode for lithium-ion batteries

Metal sulfides have been considered promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), due to their high capacity. However, the poor cycle stability induced by the sluggish kinetics and poor structural stability hampers their practical application in LIBs. In this work, MoS2/MnS/SnS trimetallic sulfides heterostructure coated with N-doped carbon nanorods (MMSS@NC) is designed through a simple method involving co-precipitation, metal chelate-assisted reaction, and in-situ sulfurization method. In such designed MMSS@NC, a synergetic effect of heterojunctions and carbon layer is simultaneously constructed, which can significantly improve ionic and electronic diffusion kinetics, as well as maintain the structural stability of MMSS@NC during the repeated lithiation/delithiation process. When applied as anode materials for LIBs, the MMSS@NC composite shows superior long-term cycle performance (1145.0 mAh/g after 1100 cycles at 1.0 A/g), as well as excellent rate performance (565.3 mAh/g at 5.0 A/g). This work provides a unique strategy for the construction of multiple metal sulfide anodes for high-performance LIBs.

Phosphorus decorated MOF-derived microflower-like carbon as a superior anode for lithium-ion batteries

Graphite carbon for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has received extensive attention due to the strong stability and moderate working potential. In spite of these advantages, the intrinsic low theoretical capacity and the poor interface compatibility severely restrict the practical application of graphite carbon. Herein, a rational strategy to improve lithium storage performance of carbon derived from metal organic frameworks (MOFs) is constructively employed by decorating with red phosphorus. Because of the unique structure and properties, nickel MOFs-derived micro flower carbon matrix can not only provide more active sites for lithium storage, but also facilitate the performance of red phosphorus sites. Furthermore, the carbon decorated with red phosphorus (P/Ni@C) are tightly anchored by P-O-C bonds to provide a guarantee for the synergistic effect. The P/Ni@C anode delivers a high discharge capacity of 1184.6 mAh g−1 over 400 cycles at 200 mA g−1 and high-rate capacity of 686.8 mAh g−1 at 2000 mA g−1, which demonstrate excellent cyclic stability and charge transfer kinetics, respectively.

Construction of porous MoS2-Mo2C@C aerogel for use as superior lithium-ion battery anode

Anode materials based on molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) have been extensively investigated for lithium-ion battery (LIB) applications. Herein, a MoS2-Mo2C heterostructure was implanted into a porous carbon aerogel. Morphological analysis showed that a porous structure was obtained, with MoS2 nanosheets and Mo2C nanoparticles integrated in the bulky structure. Electrochemical analysis showed that good long-term cycling stability and superb rate performance were achieved when the prepared aerogel was used as an LIB anode. At 2.0 A g−1, a large specific capacity of 598.1 mAh g−1 was achieved. Moreover, after 3000 cycles at a current density of 10.0 A g−1, the aerogel anode maintained a 375.1 mAh g−1 specific capacity, demonstrating a low attenuation rate. Based on the characterization and analysis, a reaction mechanism was proposed. The outstanding electrochemical performance of this anode was ascribed to its porous structure, large surface area, and the defect-rich heterostructure, which synergistically improved its performance. Therefore, this material exhibits great potential for application in LIBs and other energy-related fields.

Biomass-derived carbon coated SiO2 nanotubes as superior anode for lithium-ion batteries

Silica (SiO2) is regarded as a promising anode for lithium-ion batteries due to the high specific capacity, abundant resources and low cost. However, the inherently poor electrical conductivity and the huge volume variation during charge/discharge process significantly hinder the application of SiO2. Designing nanostructured SiO2 and coating with high conductivity materials are effective methods to solve the above challenges. In this work, advanced SiO2 anodes were prepared by coating hollow SiO2 nanotubes (SNTs) with lignin or phenolated and depolymerized lignin furfural resin (PDLF)-derived carbon. The novel structure of the obtained SNTs greatly promotes the rapid transport for both Li+ and electron, increases the exposed active sites for Li+ insertion and accommodates the volume change of SNTs. Especially, PDLF possesses abundant functional groups, high carbon content and thermosetting property, which are beneficial to the dispersion of SNTs and formation of a cross-linked 3D conductive network. Thereby, SNTs@C-PDLF presents higher specific capacity of 661 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1, superior rate capability (262 mAh g−1 at 3000 mA g−1) and better cycling stability (549 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1 after 800 cycles) compared with SNTs@C-lignin and pristine SNTs.

Phenolic resin-derived carbon-confined strategy: Sb2Se3@C@CNTs-600 with ultra-high pseudocapacitive contribution as a superior lithium-ion battery anode

With the advantage of high capacity, Sb2Se3 is one of the potential anodes for lithium-ion batteries. Unfortunately, due to the effects of the poor electronic conductivity and the huge volume changes associated with Sb2Se3, the application of Sb2Se3 in lithium-ion batteries is severely limited. Herein, we designed a composite that Sb2Se3 nanoparticles were encapsulated by phenolic resin-derived carbon at a high temperature. The material (Sb2Se3@C@CNTs-600) has excellent lithium storage properties due to the synergy between the Sb2Se3 and carbon matrix. The intricate conductive structure guaranteed Sb2Se3@C@CNTs-600 excellent electrochemical properties with a reversible capacity of 580 mAh g−1 after 900 cycles at a current density of 1 A g−1. Additionally, the Sb2Se3@C@CNTs-600 electrode exhibits a fantastic rate capability delivering a reversible capacity of 440.5 mAh g−1 on average at 5 A g−1. Furthermore, benefit from the rational structural design, it delivers an ultra-high pseudocapacitive contribution of 93.93% at 1 mV s−1. The results proved that the phenolic resin-derived carbon can effectively mitigate the volume expansion of Sb2Se3 during the lithiation and delithiation processes, ensuing the cycling stability of the Sb2Se3@C@CNTs-600 and enhancing the lithium storage property and rate performance of the Sb2Se3@C@CNTs-600.

Synergistic Engineering of Heterointerface and Architecture in New‐Type ZnS/Sn Heterostructures In Situ Encapsulated in Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Toward High‐Efficient Lithium‐Ion Storage

AbstractEngineering heterogeneous composite electrodes consisting of multiple active components for meeting various electrochemical and structural demands have proven indispensable for significantly boosting the performance of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Here, a novel design of ZnS/Sn heterostructures with rich phase boundaries concurrently encapsulated into hierarchical interconnected porous nitrogen‐doped carbon frameworks (ZnS/Sn@NPC) working as superior anode for LIBs, is showcased. These ZnS/Sn@NPC heterostructures with abundant heterointerfaces, a unique interconnected porous architecture, as well as a highly conductive N‐doped C matrix can provide plentiful Li+‐storage active sites, facilitate charge transfer, and reinforce the structural stability. Accordingly, the as‐fabricated ZnS/Sn@NPC anode for LIBs has achieved a high reversible capacity (769 mAh g−1, 150 cycles at 0.1 A g−1), high‐rate capability and long cycling stability (600 cycles, 645.3 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1, 92.3% capacity retention). By integrating in situ/ex situ microscopic and spectroscopic characterizations with theoretical simulations, a multiscale and in‐depth fundamental understanding of underlying reaction mechanisms and origins of enhanced performance of ZnS/Sn@NPC is explicitly elucidated. Furthermore, a full cell assembled with prelithiated ZnS/Sn@NPC anode and LiFePO4 cathode displays superior rate and cycling performance. This work highlights the significance of chemical heterointerface engineering in rationally designing high‐performance electrodes for LIBs.

Advanced performance of S and N co-doped Sb@CNFs with a 3D conductive network as superior lithium-ion battery anodes

Antimony-based anodes possessing advantages of stable operating voltage and high theoretical capacity can replace graphene as alloy-based electrodes material in LIBs applications. However, the problems of capacity decaying and poor stability of Sb-based materials due to volume expansion and structural crushing during the long-term cycling remain to be solved. Therefore, we propose a strategy of using S and N co-doped carbon nanofibers encapsulated with Sb nanoparticles to overcome the above problems. The proposed material exhibits an excellent lithium storage performance with a high reversible specific capacity of 734 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 50 cycles (474.8 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 800 cycles, 394.5 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1 after 2000 cycles). Importantly, a specific capacity of 288.5 mAh g−1 remains after more than 5000 cycles. The superior electrochemical performance of the S and N co-doped electrode is attributed to the proven structure and stability of the carbon matrix alleviating the volume changes of Sb during the process of lithium intercalation and extraction. The alloying/de-alloying reactions of the S@Sb@N-CNFs composite in the first charging/discharging process were systematically investigated by ex-situ XRD. This strategy of S and N co-doped carbon matrix could establish Sb-based materials as potential high-performance anodes for LIBs.

Facile preparation of La2(MoO4)3@C nanosheets as superior anodes for lithium-ion batteries

Facile preparation of La2(MoO4)3@C nanosheets as superior anodes for lithium-ion batteries

Biomass-Derived Carbon Coated Sio2 Nanotubes as Superior Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Biomass-Derived Carbon Coated Sio2 Nanotubes as Superior Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Constructing 3d Sandwich-Like Carbon Coated Fe 2 O 3 /Helical Carbon Nanofibers Composite as a Superior Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes

Constructing 3d Sandwich-Like Carbon Coated Fe 2 O 3 /Helical Carbon Nanofibers Composite as a Superior Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes

Binder-free SiO2 nanotubes/carbon nanofibers mat as superior anode for lithium-ion batteries

Silica (SiO2) with high specific capacity and low cost is a promising anode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), whereas its application is challenged by the substantial volume expansion and poor electrical conductivity. Phenolated and depolymerized lignin furfural (PDLF) resin as renewable carbon precursor, and hollow SiO2 nanotubes are thus designed to address these challenges. Herein, we synthesize the free-standing SiO2 nanotubes@carbon nanofibers (SNTs@CNFs) mat via electrospinning. From the nano-scale morphology, SNTs are embedded into the interior and surface of CNFs along with the fiber framework. The hollow and porous SiO2 nanotubes relieve the volume expansion during the lithium-ion insertion/extraction. Meanwhile, the interconnected bio-based CNFs improve the electrical conductivity and shorten the lithium-ion diffusion path. The SNTs@CNFs mat exhibits excellent mechanical flexibility and is used as a free-standing anode without any binders, carbon black, and current collectors, it delivers an ultra-high reversible capacity of 1067 mAh g−1 at the current density of 100 mA g−1 after 300 cycles. Even at a high current density of 1000 mA g−1, it remains a reversible capacity of 562 mAh g−1 after 700 cycles. This work marks an important exploration for next-generation high-energy density LIBs and other flexible energy storage devices.

Lignosulfonate for improving electrochemical performance of chitin derived carbon materials as a superior anode for lithium-ion batteries

Lignosulfonate, a by-product spent sulfite pulping liquor from the paper and pulping industry, was a suitable natural sulfur dopant for improving electrochemical performance of chitin derived carbon materials. Herein, a cost-effective method of possible large-scale production was reported to fabricate heteroatoms-doped porous carbon (CLs) as advanced electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries applications. After a simple pyrolysis process of chitin mixed with lignosulfonate, generated CLsequipped with abundant defect structures. Remarkably, although portion of lignosulfonate (1/3 of chitin) was introduced, the specific surface area (SSA) of CLs enhanced to 411.64 m2g−1 (CL800). In addition, its capacitive characteristic improved, effectively, delivering high a reversible specific capacity of up to 644.5 mA h g−1 at current density of 50 mA g−1. After 300 cycles at the current density of 100 mA g−1, it still remained a specific capacity of 350.7 mA g−1. Such anode material presented excellent electrochemical performance, good rate capability and cycling stability, attributed to containing abundant N and S elements, providing a green avenue for converting biomass waste to high electrochemical performance heteroatoms-doped carbon materials, having promising application in the energy storage field.

Cyanide-metal framework derived porous MoO3-Fe2O3 hybrid micro- octahedrons as superior anode for lithium-ion batteries

A new porous MoO3-Fe2O3 hybrid micro-octahedrons were successfully fabricated via a simple thermolysis of cyanide-metal framework precursor of Fe2[Mo(CN)8]·xH2O. The uniform MoO3-Fe2O3 micro-octahedrons (ca.1 µm) are assembled by numerous secondary nanoparticles, and the average size is about 60 nm. When used as anodes for lithium-ion batteries, the MoO3-Fe2O3 micro-octahedrons exhibit superior electrochemical performances in terms of high initial coulombic efficiency of 81.9%, excellent cycle performance with capacity of 1218 mAh g−1 for 350 cycles at 0.2 A g−1 and rate capability. The outstanding electrochemical performance is attributed to the strong synergy between the two components and the unique porous microstructure, which not only provide high conductivity and rich Li+ diffusion pathway for electrochemical reaction, but also reduce agglomeration and fragmentation of the electrode during charge–discharge cycle. This work provides a new direction for the design and synthesis of Mo-based electrode materials with novel structures for high performance LIBs.

Fibrous network of highly integrated carbon nanotubes/MoO3 composite bundles anchored with MoO3 nanoplates for superior lithium ion battery anodes

Fibrous network of highly-integrated CNTs/MoO3 composite bundle in which CNTs anchored with MoO3 nanoplates was prepared by electrospinning process and subsequent simple heat-treatment. By performing the pre-acid-treatments of both CNTs and PAN, dipole-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding between CNTs and PAN could form MoO2(acac)2-PAN-CNTs complex in a solution, which allows for the formation of a stable jet during electrospinning. Notably, by selectively removing PAN in as-spun fibers during heat-treatment, a highly integrated CNTs/MoO3 bundle network anchored with MoO3 nanoplates was obtained. This unique CNTs/MoO3 percolation network makes it possible to achieve a superior lithium ion storage performance by improving electrical conductivity and structure stability. Thus, the unique nanostructure has high discharge capacities of 972mAhg−1 after 100 cycles at 1.0Ag−1 and 905mAhg−1 after 800 long-term cycles at 2.0Ag−1, when applied as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. The discharge capacities of 980, 920, 819, 742, 599, 484, and 374mAhg−1 were observed at current densities of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 5.0, 7.0, and 10.0Ag−1, respectively.

Layered-structure (NH4)2Mo4O13@N-doped porous carbon composite as a superior anode for lithium-ion batteries

A novel (NH4)2Mo4O13/N-doped porous carbon composite is fabricated in situ using a one-step solid technique. Benefiting from the intriguing features of this composite, it undergoes an intercalation and conversion reaction mechanism with diffusion-controlled Li storage behaviour, exhibiting an excellent reversible capacity of 1151 mA h g-1 over 350 cycles.

Facile Preparation of Porous Rod-like Cu x Co3-x O4/C Composites via Bimetal-Organic Framework Derivation as Superior Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

To meet growing demand of energy, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are under enormous attention. The development of well-designed ternary transition metal oxides with high capacity and high stability is important and challengeable for using as electrode materials for LIBs. Herein, a new and highly reversible carbon-coated Cu-Co bimetal oxide composite material (CuxCo3–xO4/C) with a one-dimensional (1D) porous rod-like structure was prepared through a bimetal–organic framework (BMOF) template strategy followed by a morphology-inherited annealing treatment. During the annealing process, carbon derived from organic frameworks in situ fully covered the synthesized bimetal oxide nanoparticles, and a large number of porous spaces were generated in the MOF-derived final samples, thus ensuring high electrical conductivity and fast ion diffusion. Benefiting from the synergetic effect of bimetals, the unique 1D porous structure, and conductive carbon network, the as-synthesized CuxCo3–xO4/C delivers a high capacity retention up to 92.4% after 100 cycles, with a high reversible capacity still maintained at 900 mA h g–1, indicating an excellent cycling stability. Also, a good rate performance is demonstrated. These outstanding electrochemical properties show us a concept of synthesis of MOF-derived bimetal oxides combining both advantages of carbon incorporation and porous structure for progressive lithium-ion batteries.

Facile synthesis of a hierarchical manganese oxide hydrate for superior lithium-ion battery anode

Manganese oxides have always been considered as promising high-performance electrodes due to the high specific capacity, low cost, and environmental benignity. Here, we have synthesized a hierarchical manganese oxide hydrate for superior lithium-ion battery anode via a facile liquid precipitation reaction and low-temperature heat treatment. The 2D layered structure with hydration water provides a smooth ion transfer path, while the porous hierarchical architecture constructed of nanosheets with high surface area increases active contact areas, Li+ transportation channels, and structural stability. Upon cycling, the oxidation of manganese and enhanced reaction kinetics can further contribute to the obvious rising capacity, cycling stability, and high-rate capability. Therefore, the manganese oxide hydrate can directly be the desirable products as superior electrodes without high-temperature heat treatment. The comprehensive utilization of structural hydration and hierarchical design offers more insights into the electrochemical reaction mechanisms and more possibilities to develop new materials for lithium-ion batteries.

Anchoring NiTe domains with unusual composition on Pb0.95Ni0.05Te nanorod as superior lithium-ion battery anodes and oxygen evolution catalysts

NiTe domains on the Pb0.95Ni0.05Te nanorod (defined as NiTe-PbNiTe, Ni = 0.3 g, atomic ratio INi:Pb = 1.5:1, 1.0 g, INi:Pb = 4.8:1) by Te self-scrifical template chemical conversion route has been designed. Thorough morphological characterizations revealed that significant variation of the morphology of products originated from varying the amount of Pb/Ni precursors injection. Thermodynamic calculation and experimental results indicated that Pb more active than Ni towards Te template at 298 K. Serving as lithium ion battery (LIB) anode material, the discharge capacities of the NiTe-PbNiTe (Ni = 0.3 g, atomic ratio INi:Pb = 1.5:1) electrode for the 1st and 200th cycles are 493.5 and 208.4 mA h g−1 at the current density of 0.5 A g−1, and NiTe-PbNiTe (Ni = 1.0 g, INi:Pb = 4.8:1) catalysts show electrocatalytic performance toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with an overpotential of 387 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a low Tafel slope of 96 mV dec−1 in 1 M KOH solution, which are superior to the pristine PbTe, NiTe and their powder mixtures (NiTe + PbTe) and other different Ni addition amount samples under the identify condition. This behaviour indicates that a suitable substitution of Pb with Ni and heterostructure nanorod do have profound synergistic effects on the electrochemical performance.

Incorporation of amorphous TiO2 into one-dimensional SnO2 nanostructures as superior anodes for lithium-ion batteries

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with higher energy density are necessary to meet the increasing demands of energy storage system (ESS) in near future. Tin (IV) oxide, SnO2, is one of highly promising anode candidates due to its high theoretical capacity (782 mAh g−1), abundance, environmental friendliness, and safety with organic electrolytes. However, a rapid capacity fading and poor rate capabilities arising from the large volume expansion and subsequent agglomeration of Sn nanoparticles have been major issues of SnO2. Here, we have synthesized one-dimensional (1D) SnO2-amorphous titanium (IV) oxide NTs (SnO2-a-TiO2 NTs), which allow both facile ionic and electron transport as well as easy penetration of electrolytes. The resultant SnO2-a-TiO2 NTs not only alleviate volume expansion by maintaining their structural integrity but also possess minimal charge transfer resistance even after a number of cycles. SnO2-a-TiO2 NTs exhibit both excellent cycle retention characteristics (1050.2 mAh g−1 after 250 cycles) and outstanding rate capability (522.3 mAh g−1 at a current density of 5000 mA g−1), which is attributed to the introduction of amorphous TiO2 that not only acts as buffer agent for volume changes of SnO2 but also allows fast surface-controlled diffusion process due to its pseudocapacitive charge storage mechanisms.