Superimposed Research Articles

Analysis of precast box section of a bridge for different span lengths

In the present scenario, Minor bridges over small rivers have become necessary for the nation’s development to connect the country’s most remote corners. In this paper initially, 30 m of Minor Multi-cell Box type Bridge with different number of precast sections along with the different types of load such as Dead Load, Live Load, Super Imposed Dead Load, Earth pressure, and vehicle load such as Class “A” vehicle, 70R bogie vehicle, 70R Wheeled vehicle, 70R Tracked vehicle, as per IRC is analyzed. Also, various Load Combinations are applied to bridge structure such as limit state of collapse and limit state of serviceability, for accurate results of Bending Moment and Shear Force critical sections are marked. The aim and objective of the work are to analyze and design the different span lengths 3.43, 4, 4.8,6,8 m of box sections for the Indian Road Congress Code (i.e. IRC 6-2017 and IRC 112-2011). This has been done by analyzing the structure using software STADD PRO V8i. And design validating with manual results by developing the Microsoft Excel Sheet. From analysis and discussion, it is concluded that 5 sections of 4.8 m span which give better results and minimum cost compared to other section.

Sustainable mangrove ecosystem management policy in Muaragembong coastal area, Bekasi District - Indonesia

Mangrove ecosystems in the Muaragembong Coastal Area have been used for aquaculture and ecotourism activities that provide benefits for increasing community income. In an era of technological disruption, the opportunity for ecotourism development is getting bigger. But on the other hand, there is a condition of the status of mangrove ecosystems that have been bad, which has an effect on the decline in environmental quality. This condition is because it has not been supported by management policies in Bekasi. Knowing the importance of the mangrove ecosystem, it is necessary to study of sustainable mangrove ecosystem management policy. The purpose of this study is to formulate a sustainable mangrove management policy. By using the method of descriptive analysis, super impose analysis and SWOT analysis, the results show that the management of mangrove ecosystems can be done by: (1) establishing the mangrove ecosystem area as an area designed in the spatial plan, (2) intensifying the program. mangrove ecosystem to improve the function of mangrove ecosystems; (3) increasing the role and community in managing mangrove ecosystems; (4) developing facilities and infrastructure that support the development of sustainable ecotourism activities. Through this, results can be expected for the Bekasi District Government in the context of managing the mangrove ecosystem in the Muaragembong Coastal Region successfully.

Pilot Decontamination Based on Superimposed Pilots Assisted by Time-Multiplexed Pilots in Massive MIMO Networks

Pilot contamination has been recognized as one of the main limiting factors in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) since it damages the acquisition of accurate channel state information (CSI) at base stations. In this work, we propose a novel pilot decontamination approach in a massive MIMO network where the time division duplex operation is assumed. In our proposed approach, user equipments are allowed to use superimposed (SP) pilots in combination with time-multiplexed (TM) pilots to estimate the CSI prior to downlink data transmission. Specifically, the contaminated channel estimates obtained by TM pilots are used to reduce the amount of interference caused by transmitting pilots together with uplink data, which is a typical problem in SP pilots-based channel estimation. Through numerical results, we show that the interference that emerges from transmitting pilots with data is substantially reduced by our proposed approach. This reduction, in combination with the reduced overhead in TM pilots transmission, leads to an improved spectral efficiency achieved in massive MIMO networks.

Remote sensing and GIS applications for sustainable food agricultural land mapping and supporting the preparation of regional spatial plans (case study of Badung Regency)

Local Government (LG) provincial and district/city in Bali until now does not have a Regional Regulation (RR) on determination of Sustainable Food Agricultural Land (SFAL). This is related to the provision of land for non-agricultural development permits. Map of SFAL has been established as a condition for the drafting and revision of the Spatial Plan (SP) [1]. Multi-analytical research methods: super impose analysis of thematic maps, ten thematic maps of physical and environmental conditions (river basin area, land use, irrigation, relief, rainfall, elevation, regional spatial planning, land suitability, productivity, and distance from city center) will be analysed and scored to numerically scoring (numerical classification), toolbox - analysis tools-overlay-intersect. Materials and tools: Quick Bird satellite images 2013 and QGIS software 10.3. Field survey to compile a data base of SFAL at each location. Map and data base SFAL obtained from the analysis of thematic maps of physical and environmental conditions. SFAL 9,642.76 ha was recommended for the revision of SP for 2013-2033; SFAL = 8,824.36 ha is recommended to reflect SP year 2034-2054 ha and 6,510.11 ha for the drafting of SP year more than 2055 location are in the. SFAL location are in the upstream and center (Petang, Abian Semal, and Mengwi District). Subak rice field that can be converted 829.41 ha – 3,143.66 ha is located in the districts of Kuta and Nort Kuta. Remote sensing and GIS technology can be used for SFAL mapping, through the classification of numerical thematic maps of the physical and environmental conditions of the region.

Association of Antepartum Blood Pressure and Angiogenic Profile in Women With Chronic Hypertension [3OP

INTRODUCTION: This pilot study explored the association between antenatal blood pressure (BP) and angiogenic biomarkers (sFlt and PlGF) at delivery among women with chronic hypertension (cHTN). METHODS: Blood samples were collected within 96 hours of delivery. Mean outpatient BP was stratified as controlled (cBP<140/90) or uncontrolled (uBP≥140/90). Angiogenic factors were measured on an automated platform. Descriptive statistics were assessed with Wilcoxon Rank Sum or chi-square tests, as appropriate. Logistic regression was employed to assess for adverse pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS: Of the 78 women enrolled, 58 (74.3%) were African American and 22 (28.2%) had uBP. There was no difference between cBP and uBP in age, race, ethnicity, BMI, smoking/substance abuse, parity, or previous preeclampsia (preE) diagnosis. A higher proportion cBP patients did not use a HTN agent (46.4% vs 13.6%, P=.01), although aspirin usage did not differ. Women with uBP had higher levels of sFlt1 and sFlt1/PlGF (sFlt: 4218.5 vs 3056.0 pg/mL, P=.046; sFlt/PlGF: 62.5 vs. 25.0, P=.04). A greater proportion of uBP vs. cBP patients had superimposed (SI) preE with severe features (preE-SF) (54.6% vs. 25.0%; P=.01), preterm delivery (40.9% vs. 10.7%; P=.002), and more admissions to rule out preE (77.3% vs. 30.4%; P=.0002). In the multivariable model, women with uBP had greater odds of preterm delivery (OR: 6.78; P=.01), SI preE (OR: 3.20; P=.03) and SI preE-SF (OR: 3.27; P=.04). CONCLUSION: Antepartum control of BP is associated with a favorable angiogenic profile at delivery and improved outcomes among women with cHTN. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.

MINAPOLITAN UNTUK MENDUKUNG KETAHANAN DAN KEAMANAN PANGAN

<p><em>The objectives of this research were to: (1) identify the potentials of fish resources </em><em>in Klaten regency which can be developed as the economic generator of the community; (2) analyze the provision of fish products to support food security and safety for the surroundng region; (3) analyze the process of managing fish to perform food safety and security; 4) analyze the supporting factors of fish resources management in Klaten to develop the community economy; 5) analyze the constraints of managing fish resources in Klaten to develop the community economy; 6) analyze the policy and programs of the local Government of Klaten in developing the potenstials of fish resources; particularly fish cultivation; and (7) formulize an appropriate method to manage fish resources to improve the community economy and support food security and safety.</em><em> </em><em>This research applied descriptive approach and was qualitative in nature. Data were collected using several methods including site observation, in-depth interview, focus group discussion, document study, and super impose. Sampling technique used in this research were </em><em>purposive sampling and snowball. Data were analyzed using (1) Human Resources Analysis (2) Policy Analysis (3) Interactive Analysis.</em><em> </em><em>Research results include: (1) method to manage fish resources to improve the community economy and support the food security and safety; 2) </em><em>recommendation in the form of Memorandum of Understanding (</em><em>MOU) related to the method to manage fish resources to improve the community economy and support the food security and safety; and 3) handouts concerning method to manage fish resources to improve the community economy and support the food security and safety.</em></p>

Effect of electrical energy on the efficacy of biofilm treatment using the bioelectric effect.

Background/Objectives:The use of electric fields in combination with small doses of antibiotics for enhanced treatment of biofilms is termed the ‘bioelectric effect’ (BE). Different mechanisms of action for the AC and DC fields have been reported in the literature over the last two decades. In this work, we conduct the first study on the correlation between the electrical energy and the treatment efficacy of the bioelectric effect on Escherichia coli K-12 W3110 biofilms.Methods:A thorough study was performed through the application of alternating (AC), direct (DC) and superimposed (SP) potentials of different amplitudes on mature E. coli biofilms. The electric fields were applied in combination with the antibiotic gentamicin (10 μg/ml) over a course of 24 h, after the biofilms had matured for 24 h. The biofilms were analysed using the crystal violet assay, the colony-forming unit method and fluorescence microscopy.Results:Results show that there is no statistical difference in treatment efficacy between the DC-, AC- and SP-based BE treatment of equivalent energies (analysis of variance (ANOVA) P>0.05) for voltages <1 V. We also demonstrate that the efficacy of the BE treatment as measured by the crystal violet staining method and colony-forming unit assay is proportional to the electrical energy applied (ANOVA P<0.05). We further verify that the treatment efficacy varies linearly with the energy of the BE treatment (r2 =0.984). Our results thus suggest that the energy of the electrical signal is the primary factor in determining the efficacy of the BE treatment, at potentials less than the media electrolysis voltage.Conclusions:Our results demonstrate that the energy of the electrical signal, and not the type of electrical signal (AC or DC or SP), is the key to determine the efficacy of the BE treatment. We anticipate that this observation will pave the way for further understanding of the mechanism of action of the BE treatment method and may open new doors to the use of electric fields in the treatment of bacterial biofilms.

Optimal SP Training and Precoding Designs for Channel Estimation and Symbol Detection in MIMO-OFDM Systems

Based on convex programming for optimization, a closed-from solution of superimposed (SP) training on linearly precoded data for jointly optimal channel estimation and symbol detection is proposed in this paper for MIMO-OFDM systems. The newly designed method not only efficiently identifies the frequency-selective fading channel but also effectively enhances the symbol detection. Although linearly precoding technique is employed and protects the transmitted data over the multi-path MIMO wireless channels, the precoded data is always arithmetically added to the training sequence to prevail transmission bandwidth. Analytical and numerical results confirm that the proposed design efficiently estimates the wireless fading channel and effectively recovers the source data symbols.

Optimal SP training for spatially correlated MIMO channels under coloured noises

Based on convex programming for optimisation, the optimal superimposed (SP) training signal design is proposed for spatially correlated multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) channels in the presence of correlated symbols and coloured Gaussian noises. Simulation results show that the proposed training design can effectively estimate the channel and outperforms the existing designs.

Potensi Pengembangan Atraksi Wisata Kampung Nelayan Pasie Nan Tigo Kota Padang Ditengah Ancaman Bencana Abrasi Dan Banjir

The problem at spatial coastal region is very complex, and poorly managed, ranging from economic vulnerability, geographic vulnerability, social vulnerability to natural resources and human resources. This is due to the high threat of disaster, especially at the fishing settlement Pasie Nan Tigo Padang. In addition to a variety of problems, coastal areas also store a variety of potential that should be developed. One of them is a coastal fishing village tourism potential disaster based. This study aims to determine the area of the beach is quite safe from the threat of floods and abrasion and explore the potential of coastal tourist attractions that can be packed into a fishing village tourist attraction. The research method used is the method of quantitative and qualitative analysis of super impose thematic maps (topography, climate and hydrology) with primary data and secondary data collection techniques. The results shows that the flood-prone level at Pasie Nan Tigo is as low as 6.48% and as high as 93.52% compare to the total area. High levels of abrasion at 34.7% and 65.3% lower than the category of the long coastline while wide buffer zone by 93.3% and 6.69% cultivation. Amid the threat of coastal erosion and flooding is quite high as well as the classification of land including the buffer zone, the proper development of tourism at the Pasie Nan Tigo, city of Padang, is a fishing village with tourist attractions of cultural, natural and artificial.

Superimposed training-based compressed sensing of sparse multipath channels

In a number of wireless communication applications, the impulse response of multipath communication channels has sparse nature. In this study, physical model for various propagation environments exhibiting sparse channel structure is considered. A superimposed (SI) training-based compressed channel sensing (SI-CCS) technique is proposed for such sparse multipath channels. A non-random periodic pilot sequence is SI over the information sequence at the transmitter, which avoids the use of dedicated time slots for training sequence. At the receiver, first-order statistics and the theory of compressed sensing is applied to estimate the wireless communication channels with sparse impulse response. A simulation analysis is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed-channel estimation technique, where mean-square error and bit-error rate are used as the performance measures. Exploiting the proposed SI-CCS technique, the simulation results along with the observations are presented, which illustrate the effect of various channel parameters on the performance of the proposed technique. Furthermore, obtained simulation results for the proposed SI-CCS technique along with its comparison with other techniques in literature are also presented. It is established that for the cases of sparse multipath channels, the proposed SI-CCS technique can potentially achieve significant improvement in the performance of channel estimator over the existing estimation techniques of such sparse channels.

Impedance Cardiography Facilitates Differentiation of Severe and Superimposed Preeclampsia from Other Hypertensive Disorders

Objective. To determine if hemodynamic profiling using noninvasive impedance cardiography (ICG) reliably identifies the patient with severe (SPRE) or superimposed (SuPRE) preeclampsia. Methods. Late gestation hypertensive pregnant patients underwent immediate ICG evaluation. Findings were compared between patients subsequently achieving or not achieving American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists criteria for SPRE or SuPRE. Results. Patients with severe disease were more likely to have depressed cardiac function and higher systolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, systemic vascular resistance, and thoracic fluid content compared to nonsevere hypertensive disease. Conclusion. ICG hemodynamic profiling of late gestation hypertensive patients can rapidly and reliably identify those with SPRE or SuPRE.

On some Optimal (n,t,1,2) and (n,t,1,3) Super Imposed Codes

One of the main problems in the theory of superimposed codes is to find the minimum length N for which an (N, T,w, r) superimposed code exists for given values of T , w and r. Let N(T,w, r) be the minimum length N for which an (N, T,w, r) superimposed code exists. The (N, T,w, r) superimposed code is called optimal when N = N(T,w, r). The values of N(T, 1, 2) are known for T ≤ 12 and the values of N(T, 1, 3) are known for T ≤ 20. In this work the values of N(T, 1, 2) for 13 ≤ T ≤ 20 and the value of N(21, 1, 3) are obtained. The optimal superimposed codes with parameters (9, 10, 1, 2), (10, 13, 1, 2), (11, 14, 1, 2), (11, 15, 1, 2), (11, 16, 1, 2) and (11, 17, 1, 2) are classified up to equivalence. The optimal (N, T, 1, 3) superimposed codes for T ≤ 20 are classified up to equivalence.

Endogenous factors in pathogenesis and natural history of chronic Urticaria

The significance of the endogenous factors in pathogenesis and natural history of urticaria is widely accepted. Chronic urticaria usually develops on the background of functional and organic disorders in various organs and systems. On the other hand, these disorders are predisposing factors for the genesis and development of the chronic urticaria. Thus, endogenous factors are considered to be pathogenic for urticaria. The aim of our study was to evaluate this two-way correlation of chronic urticaria and endogenous factors in 265 patients with different clinical forms of chronic urticaria. Clinical and paraclinical investigations, including allergologic tests (intradermal, scarification) were employed in order to establish association of chronic urticaria with gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal, endocrine, cardiovascular, neurological disorders, chronic infections, etc. The patients were divided in two separate groups: with chronic allergic (122) and non-allergic urticaria (143). The percentage of patients with urticaria associated with internal disorder was as follows: gastrointestinal 24,15%; hepatobiliary19,62%; endocrine 17,73%; urogenital 15,84%; cardiovascular 2,64%; chronic infections 3,01%; atopy 7,16%. Furthermore in the group of non-allergic urticaria 53,9% of the patients were with associated somatic disease, while in the group of allergic urticaria, the percentage was 46,1%. The same pattern of distribution was found in every group of the studied internal disorders. The results of the study show the significant prevalence of visceral diseases in the patients with chronic urticaria. The role of the endogenous factors in the pathogenesis of chronic urticaria is not well defined, but surely they are predisposing background on which various allergic and non-allergic pathogenic mechanisms super impose. Scripta Scientifica Medica 2008;40(1):81-83

A Revised Superimposition Technique for Identification of the Individual from the Skull and Photograph

Identification of the dead from the skull is of primary importance in criminal cases. It is often necessary to undertake examinations in the Forensic Science Laboratories to determine whether a skull could have belonged to a particular person whose photograph is available. It was Professor Brashl who in 1935 first suggested that the photographs of the missing person and the skull could be superimposed as an identification tedhnique. Since then various scientists have utilized this technique in many criminal cases. Mr. G. Webster2 gives a detailed description of the superimposition technique adopted in the Plumbago Pit case. Recently in the Corn field crime case of Peru, Dr. Basauri8 also used superimposed photographs, besides forensic odontology, for identification purposes. In all these cases the technique generally adopted has been described as follows: From the original photograph a negative retake is made. The original photograph may be a bust, a full length photo of the individual or a group photograph. In any case only the face is reproduced on the negative of definite format. The skull is then placed on a tripod, and its position is adjusted exactly to that of the face in the photograph. It is then focused on the ground glass at the same format. The reproduced negative is placed on the ground glass and the image of the skull is adjusted to super impose on the negative and then photographed. The adjustment is made by drawing an outline of the face or by marking the prominent anatomical points of the face on the ground glass. Finally the two negatives are superimposed to give a positive print. Then the photograph is enlarged and points that are coinciding are noted and opinion given.