134 Background: Recently, the frequency of superficial meso and hypopharyngeal cancer (Ph ca) has increased and elucidation of its biological behaviors is needed. There are no reports to analyze if superficial Ph ca responds to chemotherapy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to clarify the effects of chemotherapy for esophageal cancer on superficial Ph ca. Methods: A total of 48 patients and 57 lesions with superficial Ph ca with concurrent esophageal cancer were enrolled from November 2007 to December 2010. Among these, 29 patients and 31 lesions for which no chemotherapy had been administered for the esophageal cancer, and two patients for whom details of the treatment regimen or evaluation after chemotherapy were not available were excluded. So 17 patients with 24 lesions were included. The maximum diameter of the Ph ca was measured before and after the treatment by endoscopy, the lesion was graded as CR, PR, NC and PD, and the response rate (CR + PR) was analyzed retrospectively. Results: All patients were male with a mean age of 61.1 years. The Ph ca was located in the left piriform sinus in 9 lesions, right piriform sinus in 10 lesions, posterior wall of the hypopharynx in one lesion, and mesopharynx in 4 lesions. The mean diameter of the tumor was 16.3 mm. Among the concurrent esophageal cancers, 6 were classified into the superficial type and 11 into the advanced type. For treatment, DCF was administered for 4 patients and 5 lesions, FP for 8 patients and 11 lesions, FAN (doxorubicin + 5FU + nedaplatin) for one patient and two lesions, CPT11 + CDDP for one patient and one lesion, VP-16 + CDDP for one patient and two lesions, and weekly docetaxel for one patient and one lesion. Radiation therapy for concurrent esophageal cancer was administered in 8 cases. As a treatment response, 7 lesions showed CR, 7 showed PR, 9 showed SD, and one showed PD, so a total response rate was 58.3%. Especially for the 15 lesions whose tumor diameter was less than 20 mm, the response rate was 67%. Conclusions: The response rate was 58.3%, which is relatively good. We believe that the results of this study would serve as important indicators for determining the treatment strategy for superficial Ph ca with concurrent esophageal cancer.