Superficial Properties Research Articles

Effect of laser surface melting on superficial morphology and properties of the electrochemical polishing Ti6Al4V alloy

Effect of laser surface melting on superficial morphology and properties of the electrochemical polishing Ti6Al4V alloy

Reinforcement of 3D-printed resins for denture base by adding aramid fibers: Effect on mechanical, surface, and optical properties.

The present study evaluated the mechanical, surface, and optical properties of 3D-printed resins for removable prostheses reinforced by the addition of aramid fibers. According to ISO 20795-1:2013 standards, specimens were printed using a digital light processing 3D printer and divided into two groups (n=06/group): 3D-printed resin for denture base as the control group, and a group with the same 3D-printed resin in addition of 5% aramid fibers as the experimental group. Red aramid fibers were chosen for aesthetic characterization. The specimens were evaluated for their mechanical properties, such as elastic modulus (GPa), flexural strength (MPa), and superficial properties by their surface microhardness (KHN), surface roughness (μm), and surface free energy (mJ/m2). Optical properties were evaluated by the color difference (∆E00) between groups. The statistical test chosen after the exploratory analysis of the data was One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD (α=0.05). The results showed statistical differences in elastic modulus (p<0.0001), flexural strength (p<0.0001), surface free energy polar variable (p=0.0322), total surface free energy (p=0.0344), with higher values for the experimental. Surface hardness and surface roughness showed no statistical difference (p≥0.05). The color difference (∆E00) obtained through the CIEDE2000 calculus was below the perceptibility threshold (≤1.1). Adding aramid fibers to 3D-printed resin for denture bases resulted in better mechanical properties, without major alterations in surface properties. In addition, it is an easy-to-apply choice for mechanical reinforcement and aesthetic characterization, with the expression of small blood vessels in the 3D-printed resin for removable denture bases.

Use of carbon black powder for surface treatment of stainless steel substrates via a low-cost CO2 laser

Nowadays, AISI 304 stainless steel plays a crucial role in industry. However, stainless steel exhibits limited wear resistance as it is used in parts with relative motion. Laser treatment emerges as a promising approach to improve its superficial properties. Using a laser as a heat source presents unique properties for heating surfaces, as the first atomic layers of the material absorb the radiation from the laser beam. In this study, we used a low-cost 100 W CO2 laser with carbon black powder to treat the surface of AISI 304 steels. In addition, the reflectance of irradiation on steel is 90%. We used carbon black powder as a photo-absorbing material for radiation to overcome this obstacle. The characterization included field emission gun–scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x ray, microhardness, and pin-on reciprocation tribometer. The results showed a significant increase in surface hardness after laser treatment compared to the untreated substrate at a magnitude of 3.8 times. Elemental mapping analysis revealed carbon's presence on the substrate's surface. In addition to increasing surface hardness, we observed a decrease in the friction coefficient of the laser-treated samples compared to the reference substrate. Finally, it could be concluded that carbon black powder had a triple function; it acted as a photo-absorbent material, a carbon source to increase surface hardness, and a solid lubricant. These results show the predictions of using a low-cost CO2 laser with carbon black powder as an efficient, versatile, and fast alternative.

Evidence of Correlation between Membrane Phase Transition and Clonogenicity in Dehydrating Acinetobacter baumannii: A Combined Micro-Raman and AFM Study.

The Gram-negative bacterium Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most resilient multidrug-resistant pathogens in hospitals. Among Gram-negative bacteria, it is particularly resistant to dehydration (anhydrobiosis), and this feature allows A. baumannii to persist in hospital environments for long periods, subjected to unfavorable conditions. We leverage the combination of μ-Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to investigate the anhydrobiotic mechanisms in A. baumannii cells by monitoring the membrane (both inner and outer membranes) properties of four A. baumannii strains during a 16-week dehydration period and in response to temperature excursions. We noted that the membranes of A. baumannii remained intact during the dehydration period despite undergoing a liquid-crystal-to-gel-phase transition, accompanied by changes in the mechanical properties of the membrane. This was evident from the AFM images, which showed the morphology of the bacterial cells alongside modifications of their superficial mechanical properties, and from the alteration in the intensity ratio of μ-Raman features linked to the CH3 and CH2 symmetric stretching modes. Furthermore, employing a universal power law revealed a significant correlation between this ratio and bacterial fitness across all tested strains. Additionally, we subjected dry A. baumannii to a temperature-dependent experiment, the results of which supported the correlation between the Raman ratio and culturability, demonstrating that the phase transition becomes irreversible when A. baumannii cells undergo different temperature cycles. Besides the relevance to the present study, we argue that μ-Raman can be used as a powerful nondestructive tool to assess the health status of bacterial cells based on membrane properties with a relatively high throughput.

Formulation and Characterization of Niacinamide and Collagen Emulsion and Its Investigation as a Potential Cosmeceutical Product

Cosmeceuticals are one of the fast-growing areas of the natural personal care industry. Cosmeceuticals are cosmetic products with medicinal or drug-like benefits that can affect the biological functioning of the skin depending on the ingredients in the composition. The development of one formulation acting on the dermis and stimulating the collagen production is very important for the hydration of the skin. The association of collagen with other ingredients can have a positive effect on increasing the natural production of collagen in the skin. An example of such an ingredient is niacinamide, which, having a recognized nutritional value, has been quite recently studied. Considering these aspects, this study focused on developing oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions, based on natural ingredients (vegetable oils, floral waters, and essential oils) and hydrolyzed collagen and niacinamide as active ingredients, and on evaluating the stability, pH, optical, superficial, rheological and textural properties, as well as microbiological tests of the emulsions, in order to investigate their potential as a cosmeceutical product. All the obtained emulsions proved to be stable at variable temperatures and had a pH value compatible with natural pH of the skin, allowing their safe application. Over goniometric analysis, a partial wetting and a hydrophilic character of the emulsions were emphasized. Following the rheological analyses, all dermatocosmetic emulsions exhibited non-Newtonian pseudoplastic behavior and a thixotropic character, these properties being very important for their production process and their application on the skin surface to generate an optimal therapeutic effect. The textural characteristics recorded for all emulsions indicated adequate spreadability at the application site. All tested samples respected the Pharmacopoeia limits of microbiological contamination. All prepared emulsions have good stability, are safe for the skin and have appropriate physicochemical and microbiological characteristics; therefore, they can be used as a cosmeceutical product.

Automated evaluation of parapapillary choroidal microvasculature in crowded optic discs: a controlled, optical coherence tomography angiography study.

To compare superficial and deep vascular properties of optic discs between crowded discs and controls using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A). Thirty patients with crowded discs, and 47 control subjects were enrolled in the study. One eye of each individual was included and OCT-A scans of optic discs were obtained in a 4.5×4.5 mm2 rectangular area. Radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) density, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness, cup volume, rim area, disc area, cup-to-disc (c/d) area ratio, and vertical c/d ratio were obtained automatically using device software. Automated parapapillary choroidal microvasculature (PPCMv) density was calculated using MATLAB software. When the vertical c/d ratio of the optic disc was absent or small cup, it was considered as a crowded disc. The mean signal strength index of OCT-A images was similar between the crowded discs and control eyes (P=0.740). There was no difference in pRNFL between the two groups (P=0.102). There were no differences in RPC density in whole image (P=0.826) and peripapillary region (P=0.923), but inside disc RPC density was higher in crowded optic discs (P=0.003). The PPCMv density in the inner-hemisuperior region was also lower in crowded discs (P=0.026). The pRNFL thickness was positively correlated with peripapillary RPC density (r=0.498, P<0.001). The inside disc RPC density was negatively correlated with c/d area ratio (r=-0.341, P=0.002). The higher inside disc RPC density and lower inner-hemisuperior PPCMv density are found in eyes with crowded optic discs.

Effects of interlayer space engineering and surface modification on the charge storage mechanisms of MXene nanomaterials: A review on recent developments.

Two-dimensional MXenes were discovered in 2011 and, because of their outstanding properties, have attracted significant attention as electrode materials for supercapacitors, rechargeable batteries, and hybrid energy storage devices. Numerous studies were dedicated to identifying feasible charge storage mechanisms in MXenes and investigating the effects of structural and superficial properties on the corresponding mechanisms. The results clarify that interlayer distance and surface termination groups in MXenes significantly determine the deliverable energy and power density in respective energy storage devices. Additionally, due to van der Waals interactions, adjacent MXene sheets tend to aggregate and restack during electrode preparation or charge and discharge cycling, reducing the MXene interlayer distance and deteriorating its energy storage ability. In this review, we first summarize the different charge storage mechanisms applicable to MXenes in different energy storage devices and describe the effect of interlayer spacing and surface termination groups. Then, different interlayer space engineering methods are reviewed in terms of materials and procedures, and their impact on the electrochemical behavior and restacking tendency of MXene is described.

Sn-based film electrodeposited on Ag foil for selective electrochemical CO2 reduction to CO.

Electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECR) to valuable chemicals and fuels using renewable energy is a promising way to reduce carbon emission. Herein, Sn-based films were electrodeposited on Ag foil surfaces (Sn/Ag-y) for selective ECR to CO, where y represented the concentration of SnCl2 in the electrodeposition bath. The Sn/Ag-20 electrode achieved a high CO faradaic efficiency of 96.0% with a current density of 69.3 mA cm-2. The enhanced catalytic performance could be attributed to appropriate superficial properties, large electrochemical active surface areas, low charge transfer resistance, efficient stabilization capacity of the CO2˙- intermediates, and suitable combination with electrolytes.

Chia Oil Microencapsulation Using Tannic Acid and Soy Protein Isolate as Wall Materials.

The use of proteins to produce oil-containing microcapsules has been previously analyzed; however, their chemical modification, in order to improve their performance as wall materials, is a strategy that has not been widely developed yet. This study aimed to analyze the chemical modification of the proteins through cross-linking reactions with tannic acid and to evaluate their performance as wall materials to the microencapsulation of oils rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. The cross-linking reaction of isolated soy protein and tannic acid was carried out at pH 10-11 and 60 °C. Subsequently, emulsions were made with a high-speed homogenizer and microcapsules were obtained by spray drying. Microcapsules were characterized by particle size, morphology (SEM), total pore area and % porosity (mercury intrusion methodology), superficial properties (contact angle), and size distribution of oil droplets (by laser diffraction). Additionally, encapsulation efficiency was determined as a function of total and surface oil. Oil chemical stability and quality were studied by Rancimat, hydroperoxide values, and fatty acid profiles. In addition, a storage test was performed for 180 days, and released oil and polyphenols were determined by in vitro gastric digestion. Moreover, the fatty acid composition of the oil and the total polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of polyphenols were analyzed. The results showed that spray-dried microcapsules had an encapsulation efficiency between 54 and 78%. The oxidative stability exhibited a positive correlation between the amount of polyphenols used and the induction time, with a maximum of 27 h. The storage assay showed that the peroxide value was lower for those cross-linked microcapsules concerning control after 180 days. After the storage time, the omega-3 content was reduced by 49% for soy protein samples, while cross-linked microcapsules maintained the initial concentration. The in-vitro digestion assay showed a decrease in the amount of oil released from the cross-linked microcapsules and an increase in the amount of polyphenols and a higher antioxidant capacity for all samples (for example, 238.10 mgGAE/g and 554.22 mg TE/g for undigested microcapsules with TA 40% versus 322.09 mgGAE/g and 663.61 mg TE/g for digested samples). The microcapsules showed a high degree of protection of the encapsulated oil, providing a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAS) and polyphenols even in prolonged storage times.

Influence of pH-cycling and abrasion wear on the mechanical properties of conventional and bulk fill resin composites

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of abrasion wear on surface roughness and microhardness of different commercially available resin composites simulating pH-challenges of the oral cavity. Methods: Three resin composites (RC) were used in this study: one conventional: Z250; and two bulk fill resin composites (BRC): Tetric N-Ceram (TNC) and Sonic Fill (SF). The RC was inserted in a prefabricated mold (15mm wide x 4mm thickness) in two layers, or in a single layer for BRC. Thirty samples were prepared and surface roughness (Ra) and Knoop microhardness (KHN) test were performed at three different time-points of evaluation: baseline (24h after sample preparation); partial (after pH cycling); and final (after simulated toothbrushing procedure). Two samples of each group were selected after different treatments and analyzed descriptively on a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data from Ra and KHN were analyzed by two-way repeated-measures ANOVA and Bonferroni’s post-hoc test with a significance level set at 5%. Results: Ra increased for all groups (p&lt;0.001), at the final time-point, Z250 and TNC groups present the highest values. Oppositely, KHN decreased for all groups (p&lt;0.001), Z250 group showed the highest KHN values for all time-points (p&lt;0.001). The SEM imagens showed a regular surface for samples cycled and irregular with inorganic particles exposed for samples toothbrushed. Conclusion: pH-cycling and simulated toothbrushing affected the superficial properties (roughness and Knoop microhardness), as observed at SEM imagens, with irregular surface with inorganic particles exposure.

One-Pot Synthesis of Green-Emitting Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots from Xylose

Carbon dots (CDs) are interesting carbon nanomaterials that exhibit great photoluminescent features, low cytotoxicity, and excellent water stability and solubility. For these reasons, many fields are starting to integrate their use for a variety of purposes. The catalytic performance of VOPO4 has been evaluated in the synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs). The synthesis reaction was carried out at 180 °C using VOPO4 as a heterogeneous catalyst for 2 to 4 h of reaction time. After reaction, the N-CDs were purified using a novel method for the protection of the functional groups over the surfaces of the N-CDs. The morphological, superficial, and photoelectronic properties of the N-CDs were thoroughly studied by means of TEM, HRTEM, XPS, and photoluminescence measurements. The conversion of the carbon precursor was followed by HPLC. After three catalytic runs, the catalyst was still active while ensuring the quality of the N-CDs obtained. After the third cycle, the catalyst was regenerated, and it recovered its full activity. The obtained N-CDs showed a great degree of oxidized groups in their surfaces that translated into high photoluminescence when irradiated under different lasers. Due to the observed photoelectronic properties, they were then assayed in the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange.

Characterisation of superficial corneocyte properties over category I pressure ulcers: Insights into topographical and maturation changes

BackgroundPressure ulcers (PUs) are chronic wounds that are detrimental to the quality of life of patients. Despite advances in monitoring skin changes, the structure and function of skin cells over the site of pressure ulcers are not fully understood. ObjectiveThe present study aims to evaluate local changes in the properties of superficial corneocytes in category 1 PU sites sampled from a cohort of hospitalised patients. MethodsCells were collected from a PU-compromised site and an adjacent control area and their topographical, maturation and mechanical properties were analysed. ResultsCorneocytes at the PU-compromised site were characterised by higher levels of immature cornified envelopes (p < 0.001) and greater amounts of desmoglein-1 (corneodesmosomal protein) (p < 0.001) compared to the adjacent control area. The cells at the control site presented the typical ridges-and-valleys topographical features of sacrum corneocytes. By contrast, the PU cells presented circular nano-objects at the cell surface, and, for some patients, the cell topography was deformed. CEs at the PU site were also smaller than at the control site. Although differences were not observed in the mechanical properties of the cells, those of the elderly patients were much softer compared with young subjects. ConclusionThis is the first study investigating the changes in corneocyte properties in category I pressure ulcers. Superficial cells at the PU sites showed altered topographical and maturation characteristics. Further studies are required to elucidate if these changes are a consequence of early loss of skin integrity or a result of mechanical and microclimate insults to the skin surface.

Development of a computational-experimental framework for enhanced mechanical characterization and cross-species comparison of the articular cartilage superficial zone

To provide a better understanding of the contribution of specific constituents (i.e. proteoglycan, collagen, fluid) to the mechanical behavior of the superficial zone of articular cartilage, a complex biological tissue with several time-dependent properties, a finite element model was developed. Optimization was then used to fit the model to microindentation experiments. We used this model to compare superficial zone material properties of mature human vs. immature bovine articular cartilage. Non-linearity and stiffness of the fiber-reinforced component of the model differed between human and bovine tissue. This may be due to the more complex collagen architecture in mature tissue and is of interest to investigate in future work.

Are Natural Kind Terms Ambiguous?

Recent experimental studies have claimed to find evidence for the view that natural kind terms such as "water" are ambiguous: that they have two extensions, one determined by superficial properties, the other by underlying essence. In an online experiment, we presented to 600 participants scenarios describing discoveries of novel samples that differ in deep structure from samples of a familiar kind but are superficially identical, such as a water-like substance that is not composed of H2 O. We used three different types of question sets to probe whether the participants considered the sample as a member of the kind or not. Our results did not confirm the predictions of the ambiguity view. They were, rather, consistent with views that take underlying essences to be the sole criterion for membership in a natural kind.

TALAIA: a 3D visual dictionary for protein structures.

Graphical analysis of the molecular structure of proteins can be very complex. Full-atom representations retain most geometric information but are generally crowded, and key structural patterns can be challenging to identify. Non-full-atom representations could be more instructive on physicochemical aspects but be insufficiently detailed regarding shapes (e.g. entity beans-like models in coarse grain approaches) or simple properties of amino acids (e.g. representation of superficial electrostatic properties). In this work, we present TALAIA a visual dictionary that aims to provide another layer of structural representations.TALAIA offers a visual grammar that combines simple representations of amino acids while retaining their general geometry and physicochemical properties. It uses unique objects, with differentiated shapes and colors to represent amino acids. It makes easier to spot crucial molecular information, including patches of amino acids or key interactions between side chains. Most conventions used in TALAIA are standard in chemistry and biochemistry, so experimentalists and modelers can rapidly grasp the meaning of any TALAIA depiction. We propose TALAIA as a tool that renders protein structures and encodes structure and physicochemical aspects as a simple visual grammar. The approach is fast, highly informative, and intuitive, allowing the identification of possible interactions, hydrophobic patches, and other characteristic structural features at first glance. The first implementation of TALAIA can be found at https://github.com/insilichem/talaia.

Synthesis of doped metal sulfide nanoparticles and their graphene reinforced nanohybrid for Pb(II) detection

Abstract This paper explores different techniques to combine and improve the electrochemical sensing activities of the transition metal chalcogenide. The transition metal chalcogenide was doped with a suitable dopant to tune the band structure. Surface-assisted nanotechnology was used to enrich the superficial properties of the doped material. Lastly, the nanostructured doped materials were physically mixed with the graphene nanoplates (GNPs) to improve the flow of charges and the stability of the electrochemistry. The most electrically conductive and common metal sulfides in nature were chosen and prepared using a cheap and easy wet-route method. Crystal structure, chemical functionality, texture, composition, and thermal stability of undoped, doped, and composite materials were determined using physicochemical techniques such as X-ray diffraction, FTIR, SEM, EDX, and TGA. N2-adsorption-desorption, current-voltage, and impedance studies show that the composite sample’s surface area, electrical conductivity, and charge transport properties are superior to those of the undoped and doped samples. Regarding electrochemical applications, the composite material supported a glassy carbon electrode (Co–Cu2S/Gr@GCE) with excellent Pb(II) ion sensing activity. Moreover, the sensitivity, detection, and quantification limits of the modified electrode for Pb(II) detection were computed to be 88.68 μAμMcm−2, 0.091 μM, and 0.30 μM, respectively. The key features developed in the metal sulfide for its enhancement of electrochemical sensing activity are a high surface area, good conductivity, and fast electron transport by adopting nanotechnology, metal doping, and composite formation methodologies. Based on the results of the experiments, we can say that using multiple inputs to integrate the feature we want is an excellent way to make electrochemical systems for the next generation.

Dual stimuli pH-responsive nanofiltration membranes with tunable permeability and selectivity during separation of antitumor drug doxorubicin

This research aims to separate doxorubicin (as a pH-sensitive antitumor-drug) by dual pH-responsive-membranes (pH-Res-Mems). Since the trade-off between flux and rejection is a limiting factor for pH-Res-Mems with pH alteration, the focus of this research is to apply a novel approach i.e., inducing pH sensitivity to both membrane surface and sub-layer, to resolve the mentioned problem. To this aim, metal-oxides with Close-Gate (CG) mechanism (changing pore-size based on OH- functional-group) including copper-oxide (Cu-pH-Res) and silicon-oxide (Si-pH-Res) or metal-organic-frameworks with Open-Gate (OG) mechanism (changing pore-size based on H+ functional-group) including ZIF-8 (Zn-pH-Res) and ZIF-67 (Co-pH-Res) were added to both membrane layers simultaneously, where SurCun/SubSim and SurZnn/SubCom membranes were synthesized. Addition of Zn-pH-Res and Cu-pH-Res to the surface-layer led to improved superficial properties including hydrophilicity and roughness, while adding Co-pH-Res and Si-pH-Res to the sub-layer resulted in improvement of structural properties such as porosity and pore tortuosity. Furthermore, investigation of the pH sensitivity of membranes indicated that for the SurCu3/SubSi3 membrane, with pH reduction, the overall performance (OP) was enhanced from 2.17 to 6.40, while for the SurZn3/SubCo3 membrane, with pH elevation, OP was enhanced from 2.19 to 16.8. Eventually, the investigations revealed that the SurZn3/SubCo0 single pH-Res-Mem at neutral pH offered rejection of 89%, permeability of 4.41 LMH, and fouling of 70.4%. Meanwhile, these values for the SurZn3/SubCo3 dual pH-Res-Mem at pH= 5.5 were 95%, 21.9 LMH, and 27.2%, respectively. Overall, SurCu3/SubSi3 and SurZn3/SubCo3 membranes succeeded in 91.9% and 94.5% DOX removal from actual hospital wastewater, respectively, indicating the high-efficiency of pH-Res-Mems.

Strategies for the Covalent Anchoring of a BMP-2-Mimetic Peptide to PEEK Surface for Bone Tissue Engineering.

Researchers in the field of tissue engineering are always searching for new scaffolds for bone repair. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a chemically inert polymer that is insoluble in conventional solvents. PEEK's great potential in tissue engineering applications arises from its ability to not induce adverse reactions when in contact with biological tissues and its mechanical properties, which are similar to those of human bone. These exceptional features are limited by the bio-inertness of PEEK, which causes poor osteogenesis on the implant surface. Here, we demonstrated that the covalent grafting of the sequence (48-69) mapped on the BMP-2 growth factor (GBMP1α) significantly enhances the mineralization and gene expression of human osteoblasts. Different chemical methods were employed for covalently grafting the peptide onto 3D-printed PEEK disks: (a) the reaction between PEEK carbonyls and amino-oxy groups inserted in the peptides' N-terminal sites (oxime chemistry) and (b) the photoactivation of azido groups present in the peptides' N-terminal sites, which produces nitrene radicals able to react with PEEK surface. The peptide-induced PEEK surface modification was assessed using X-ray photoelectron measurements, while the superficial properties of the functionalized material were analyzed by means of atomic force microscopy and force spectroscopy. Live and dead assays and SEM measurements showed greater cell cover on functionalized samples than the control, without any cytotoxicity induction. Moreover, functionalization improved the rate of cell proliferation and the amount of calcium deposits, as demonstrated by the AlamarBlue™ and alizarin red results, respectively. The effects of GBMP1α on h-osteoblast gene expression were assayed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Facile preparation of peanut shell derivatives supported MoS2 nanosheets for hydrogen evolution reaction

A facile hydrothermal process was used to prepare peanut shells derivatives (PS)-supported MoS2 nanosheets (PS-MoS2), which showed much better hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalytic activity than MoS2. PS-MoS2 displayed excellent catalytic performance with lower onset overpotential (94.5 mV) and good cyclic stability. By analyzing the results of characterization of superficial properties, structure, morphological, and elemental valence state, 11.1%-PS-MoS2 exhibits exceptional catalytic activity due to an effective increase in the amount of exposure of active sites and in the content of lower valence Mo and S with higher HER activity owing to the addition of PS.

Improving superficial microstructure and properties of the laser-processed ultrathin kerf in Ti-6Al-4V alloy by water-jet guiding

In the present research, the gas-assisted laser (GAL) and water-jet guided laser (WGL) processing technologies were applied to machine the ultrathin kerf in the wrought Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The microstructure, microhardness, and wear properties of the superficial layer were investigated. The results reveal that the GAL processing could machine the kerf with a high depth-to-width ratio of 12–15, but the increased processing times enhance the depth little. Due to the oxygen entrainment and relatively low heat and mass transferring efficiency, the assisted gas promotes the formation of a scaled recast layer containing β-Ti phase and oxides, which increases the roughness to 20 μm. The WGL processed kerf has a low depth-to-width ratio with a value of 1.9–2.5 and the depth could be increased by increasing the WGL processing times. With the assistance of the water jet, the remelted debris and heat could be eliminated immediately, which restrains the formation of the recast layer and heat-affected zone. The ultrathin oxide outer layer with hundreds of nanometers and ultrafine α-Ti grain inner layer are formed on the surface, which decreases the roughness to 12 μm. Compared with the as-received Ti-6Al-4V alloy, the microhardness of GAL processed kerf surface is increased to 382.8 HV accompanied by residual tensile stress, while the microhardness of WGL processed kerf surface is increased to 481.6 HV accompanying with residual compressive stress. In addition, the GAL processing increases the wear rate at room temperature but decreases the wear rate at high temperatures. Comparatively, the WGL processing decreases the wear rate at room and high temperatures, simultaneously. Such wear behaviors could be ascribed to their different superficial microstructures and phase constituents.