Superconductor Photonic Crystal Research Articles

The transmittance properties of the one-dimensional gyroidal superconductor photonic crystals

Abstract In this study, the transfer matrix method is used to analyze the optical properties of a layered structure, {Air(SrTiO3/BSCCO)20Substrate}, consisting of air, SrTiO3, BSCCO (bismuth strontium calcium copper oxide) bilayers, and a substrate. This paper aims to investigate the transmittance spectra of two proposed one-dimensional (1D) structures, including a conventional superconductor photonic crystal (PC) and a gyroidal superconductor PC at infrared (IR) wavelengths. A comprehensive analysis has been carried out to provide useful insights into the optical properties and the behavior of the proposed structure, highlighting the impact of many parameters, such as refractive index, filling fraction, and layer thickness. The numerical findings showed that the permittivity of the BSCCO superconductor of a gyroidal geometry takes a different response compared to the conventional one. Notably, the filling fraction and refractive index of the host material have a significant control on both real and imaginary parts of the gyroidal BSCCO permittivity through the considered wavelengths. Thus, the proposed design provides high transmittivity outside the obtained photonic band gap compared to the conventional one. We believe that the designed one-dimensional gyroidal BSCCO photonic crystals could act as an efficient reflector through near IR for optoelectronics and energy applications.

Wave propagation in an optimized tunable multi-channel filter based on one-dimensional nano superconductor photonic crystal

Wave propagation in an optimized tunable multi-channel filter based on one-dimensional nano superconductor photonic crystal

Transmittance spectrum in a Rudin Shapiro quasiperiodic one-dimensional photonic crystal with superconducting layers

The present paper determines the properties of the transmission spectrum in a quasi-periodic one-dimensional photonic crystal. The photonic crystal is composed of a high-temperature superconductor (HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8+δ) and a semiconductor (GaAs). These materials are arranged based on the Rudin Shapiro sequence. Additionally, this study also considers the effects of temperature and pressure on the optical properties of the superconductor and semiconductor. Using the transfer matrix method and the two-fluid model, this study finds that when the sequence increases, the transmittance peaks split also increases. When the temperature rises at fixed pressure and sequence values, the transmittance spectrum denotes defective modes within the photonic band gap. The same behavior is observed as the pressure increases, while the transmittance spectrum noticeably shifts toward higher frequency regions. Finally, when the thickness of the semiconductor layers increases, more splitting is observed in the transmittance peaks than when we increase the thickness of the superconducting layers. We expect this paper to provide a pathway to design optical filters based on quasi-periodic superconductor photonic crystals.

Tunable Properties of Optical Selective Filters Based on One-Dimensional Plasma Superconductor Photonic Crystal

In this paper, a new design and analysis of tunable optical selective filters containing one-dimensional photonic crystal (1D-PC), magnetized cold plasma, and superconducting materials are investigated using transfer matrix method. The effects of defective layers on transmission spectrum, the cutoff frequency, and the peak position are investigated as the function of the magnetic field and the thickness of the superconductor layer. It is found that the peak frequencies and the cutoff frequencies are affected significantly by the magnetic field applied and number of defectives layers. Also, it is demonstrated that the superconductor layer has a significant effect on the transmission spectrum. Results obtained confirmed that it is possible to make a model of a highly selective tunable filter using photonic one-dimensional plasma superconductor photonic crystal.

Transmittance properties of superconductor-dielectric photonic crystal

Using Transfer Matrix Method, we numerically study the transmission behavior of one dimensional superconductor photonic crystal. Superconductor photonic crystal is usually a composite material consisting of superconductor and dielectric material. In this study, we have discussed the photonic band gap of the superconductor-dielectric photonic crystal at different temperatures. The typical transmittance properties of the considered structure have been accessed through the transfer matrix method simulations. The transmission characteristics for superconductor photonic crystal have been examined with different various parametric effects including the thickness of the considered structures, frequency and different temperatures. Moreover, the variations of transmission spectra with respect to thickness and temperature have also been investigated. The findings of the present study support the superconductor photonics structures to possess the potential for tunable filter applications.

Investigation of reflectance properties in a symmetric defective annular semiconductor–superconductor photonic crystal with a radial defect layer

The transfer matrix method is used to investigate the reflectance properties in a symmetric defective annular photonic crystal (APC) containing semiconductor, high-Tc superconductor and a radial defect layer. Numerical results offer many noteworthy features that can be very useful in designing optical devices. In this regard, the geometric effects of alternate layers on the optical reflectance of our defective APC structure by changing the thickness of different layers would be investigated. Then, the possibility of controlling the spectral position of existed photonic band gaps (PBGs) and defect modes would be discussed by our analysis. In addition, it is found that the characteristics of the reflectance spectrum and subsequently, the spectral position of PBG and defect mode are entirely independent on changes in the starting radius of the hollow core. This characteristic is desirable to manufacturers, since increasing the size of the core radius would offer flexibility and simplicity of fabrication in producing optical devices. This study reveals that the optical reflectance of defective APCs is strongly dependent on the azimuthal mode number. Lastly, our results show that by increasing the temperature of the superconductor layer, both of the existed band gaps and defect mode show a red-shift trend by moving toward higher wavelengths. The proposed structure and related results can lead to gain valuable information for designing and fabrication of new types of annular Bragg resonators surrounding a radial defect and integrated visible waveguide devices like optical switches and filters.

Tunability and Fano Resonance Properties in Different Types of One-Dimensional Superconductor Photonic Crystals

The Fano resonance and EIR properties in different topological one-dimensional superconductor photonic crystals has been investigated theoretically using the Transfer Matrix Method (TMM). Different types of periodic heterostructures are studied and they are designed by alternating pairs of superconductor materials such (Nb/BSCCO), (Rb3C60/ YBa2Cu3O7) and (K3C60/(BiPb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Oy). All artificial periodic structures are sacked by dielectric cap layer at different induced fields. To exam the efficiency of the reported structures, different parameters are used for analysis such as layers thicknesses, temperature, angle of incidence, the kind of superconductor materials and the dielectric constant of the cap layer. The investigation results exhibit the presence of tunable Fano resonances and EIR resonance peak accompanied by asymmetrical line shape and they are very sensitive to the dielectric cap layer, the superconductor materials and the wave incidence angle.

Fano Resonance Properties in (K3C6o / HgBa2Ca2Cu3O10) 1D photonic crystal

The Fano resonance and Electromagnetic induced reflectance (EIR) properties in one-dimensional superconductor photonic crystals (SPCs) have been investigated theoretically by Transfer Matrix Method (TMM). The periodic structure consists of alternating of pair superconductor materials are made of (K3C60/HgBa2Ca2Cu3O10) one-dimensional photonic crystal. The SPCs is enclosed by dielectric cap layer at different induced fields. To exam the efficiency of the reported structure, different parameters are used for analysis such as layers thicknesses, temperature, angle of incidence and the dielectric constant, dielectric cap layer on the EIR and Fano line shape. The investigation results exhibits tunable Fano resonances and EIR resonance peaks accompanied by asymmetrical line shape very sensitive to dielectric cap layer, constituent materials and dependence incidence angle. This will be useful reference for different applications of photonic topological states in the integrated photonic devices and information processing chips.

Effect of Goos Hänchen shift of the light transmitted through a mixture of the graphene hyperbolic metamaterial and 1D superconducting photonic crystals

In this paper, the graphene hyperbolic metamaterial (GHMM) and one-dimensional (1D) superconductor (YBa2Cu3O7-x) photonic crystals are combined to observe the Goos Hänchen (GH) shift by studying the lateral shift under the TE wave in the terahertz (THz) regime. GHMM consists of a monolayer of graphene and a layer of conventional dielectric. It indicates that the proposed 1D dielectric structure can produce a larger GH shift. The movements of the GH shifts can be observed through tailoring the dielectric length and three parameters of graphene which are chemical potential, phenomenon scattering rate, and temperature, respectively. Moreover, the relationship between the GH shift and the real part of nG for the GHMM (RnG) also is studied. We find that altering the above four parameters to produce the larger GH shifts is mainly concentrated in the frequency range of 30-50 THz and 70- 90 THz, and the larger RnG can lead to the more obvious GH shift.

Design of a one-way multichannel and wide-angle absorber based on the one-dimensional superconductor photonic crystals with the cascaded quasi-period structure

In this paper, a one-way multichannel and wide-angle absorber based on the one-dimensional superconductor photonic crystals (SPCs) in the terahertz regime is realized via splicing the classical quasi-period sequences and manipulating the ambient temperature properly, whose characteristics and mechanisms are theoretically investigated by the transfer matrix method. The preeminent absorbing features of the proposed SPCs are ascribed to the temperature and frequency-dependent refractive index of the superconductor components, whose imaginary part plays a role in giving rise to the high dissipation. Additionally, when the thickness of the whole structure is of the order of the incident electromagnetic wavelength, the one-way absorption and the reflection in the opposite direction can be perfectly obtained. The calculated results demonstrate that the relative bandwidths of the one-way effective absorption regions in our proposed SPCs can reach to 51.94%, 30.18%, and 19.12%, respectively, and the maximum angle where the wide-angle absorption region can sustain is up to 84° for TM wave by controlling the related parameters. Moreover, the impacts of the external factors such as temperature and incident angle and the interior elements including the thicknesses of diverse layers and the recursive numbers of the cascading sequences on the absorbing performance are also taken into account. To explicitly verify the reliability of our model, the impedance matching and the average refractive index are introduced for explaining the splendid multichannel absorption. As a whole, our research offers effective guidance for the theoretical excogitation of the multichannel and wide-angle absorber in the optical field.

Design of a Selective Filter Based on One-dimensional Superconductor Photonic Crystal

In this paper, we present a new design and analysis of one-dimensional superconductor photonic crystal (1D-SPC).The transmission spectrum and dispersion relation of this structure are obtained by the use of the transfer matrix method and Bloch theorem. The defective layers existence allows obtaining a new composite structure with tunable optical properties. Considering the transmission matrix of each layer, we can obtain the transmission matrix of the entire structure. The obtained results are presented in terms of the transmission spectra for both TE and TM modes. Numerical results of the effects of temperature, superconductor layer’s thickness, and incident angle on the transmission spectra are presented. We discuss the effect of defect layers inserted between 1D-SPC structure on the transmission spectra. The number of defect modes can be controlled by adjusting the number of defect layers in the structure. The proposed approach is approved by comparison of computed results with previous published data.

Analysis of unidirectional broadband absorption in one-dimensional superconductor photonic crystal with an asymmetric multiple-layered structure.

In this paper, the unidirectional absorption characteristics of one-dimensional (1D) superconducting photonic crystals (SPCs) with defect layers in the terahertz (THz) frequency region are theoretically analyzed by the transfer matrix method. The arrangement of such SPCs is an asymmetric multiple-layered structure (AB)ND(BA)M (N≠M). N, M are the stack numbers, respectively. The calculated results demonstrate that, in comparison with conventional 1D binary PCs, the unidirectional absorption region (UAR) of the proposed 1D SPCs can be significantly improved and the relative bandwidth can approximately reach over 20%. The effects of the parameters for the proposed SPCs on the UAR also are investigated. The computed results illustrate that the tailored and optimized UAR can be obtained in the THz regime by tuning those parameters and also demonstrate possible means to realize the THz unidirectional broadband absorber based on the SPCs.

PHOTONIC BAND GAPS PROPERTIES OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL TERNARY SUPERCONDUCTOR PHOTONIC CRYSTALS

In the present communication, by means of the frequency-dependent plane wave expansion method, we theoretically demonstrate the photonic band structures of a new type of two-dimensional (2D) annular photonic crystals (PCs) called 2D ternary superconductor PCs created by square and triangular lattices. Our idea is based on the appearance of the interfacial layer through a number of experimental works. We mainly investigate the maximization of the photonic band gap (PBG) using two types of ternary superconductor PCs. Type I in which an interfacial layer of Nb low temperature superconductor (LTSC) is encircled by cylindrical rods and a background material of two different dielectric materials. Type II is composed of cylindrical rods of Nb enclosed with an interfacial layer and a background material of the same dielectric materials used in type I. With the calculated photonic band structures, it can be found that the PBG can be significantly enlarged using the ternary structures more than the conventional (binary) structures. In addition, the different distributions of the constituent materials of the ternary structures have a distinct effect on the width of the PBGs.

Wide-Angle and Ultra-Wideband Absorption in One-Dimensional Superconductor Photonic Crystals With Quasi-Periodic Sequences

In this paper, the properties of wide-angle and ultra-wideband (UWB) absorption of one-dimensional (1-D) superconductor photonic crystals (SPCs) in the terahertz (THz) region are theoretically analyzed by transfer matrix method (TMM). We principally study the absorption features in SPCs with different arrangements by contrast where their external factors and dielectric types are consistent. The arrangements of SPCs adopt two construction rules of generous Fibonacci sequence (GFS) and Cantor-like sequence (CLS). In addition, the influences of the recursive numbers, external factors and polarization-depend properties on the proposed structures are also considered. We introduce multifractal theory to describe the absorption trends and self-similarity of quasi-periodic structural system subtly specific to the variation of recursive numbers. Moreover, the reason for angle-insensitive absorption is also investigated via the interference field theory. The calculated results demonstrate that the UWB absorption can sustain over 80 degrees within THz region for transverse magnetic (TM) wave at high temperature in the proposed SPCs, which provides theoretical guidance for the design of the high-performance THz absorber.

The Mie resonance and dispersion properties in the two-dimensional superconductor photonic crystals with fractal structure

In this paper, the Mie resonance and dispersion properties in the two-dimensional (2D) superconductor photonic crystals (SPCs) with fractal structure under a transverse-magnetic (TM) wave are theoretically investigated by a modified plane wave expansion method, whose equations of calculations also are deduced. The configuration of 2D SPCs is the dielectric rods embedded into the superconductor Nb background with square lattices according to the iteration rule of Thue-Morse sequence (Th-MS). The calculated density of states and band structures are used to elaborate the Mie resonance in the proposed SPCs and the properties of photonic band gap (PBG) and defect mode, and the influences of configurational parameters on the dispersion properties are studied in detail as well. The calculated results demonstrate that the lower edge of PBG is flattened, which is originated from the Mie resonance, and two defect modes (quasi-localized states) appear in the PBG since Th-MS has the self-similarity and non-periodicity at the same time. The PBG and defect modes can be obviously trimmed off by changing those parameters.

Fano Resonance by Means of the One-Dimensional Superconductor Photonic Crystals

In the present work, we introduce a study about the reflectance properties of a one-dimensional superconductor photonic crystal in a different manner. Our structure is designed from alternately layers of high-temperature superconducting material (BSCCO) and a conventional superconducting material (Nb) terminated by the dielectric cap layer. The investigated numerical results are essentially based on the basics of the transfer matrix method and the two-fluid model. The numerical results showed the appearance of two sharp peaks, which are referred to Fano and electromagnetic-induced reflectance resonances. Also, we demonstrate the effects of many parameters on the reflectance properties of Fano resonance and the electromagnetic-induced reflectance. The effects of the constituent layer thicknesses, the number of periods, the operating temperature, the angle of incidence, and the refractive index of the dielectric cap layer are all considered. Finally, the effects of hydrostatic pressure on the Fano and EIR resonances are studied and calculated. This structure can play an important role in optical switching devices.

Tunable Multiple Fano Resonances in One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Containing Multiple Superconductor

We investigated the optical properties of one-dimensional photonic crystal composed of multiple different superconductor materials altogether theoretically by transfer matrix method. The number of Fano resonances generated in transmittance spectra depends on the number of different superconductor materials incorporated in the structure of photonic crystal. The Fano resonances are very sharp and sensitive to the varying parameters. The line profile of multiple Fano resonances in transmission spectra can be tuned by varying the thickness of the layers, the angle of incidence, and the temperature of superconductor photonic crystal. The tunable characteristic of multiple Fano resonances has potential application in bistable optical devices, switches, and sensors.

Tunable Fano Resonance in One-Dimensional Superconducting Photonic Crystal

The transmission properties of one-dimensional photonic crystal consisting superconducting and dielectric material has been investigated theoretically by transfer matrix method (TMM). The transmission spectra obtained by simulation of superconductor photonic crystal shows Fano resonance line profile. The Fano resonance observed in transmission spectra is the function of the thickness of constituent layers, number of periods, and temperature of superconductor. The maxima and minima of Fano resonance can be changed by varying thickness of superconductor and dielectric layers. Increase in thickness of superconductor layer increases the maxima of Fano resonance towards 100 % transmittance, while minima of Fano resonance tends towards zero transmittance. The gradient between maxima and minima of the Fano resonance decreases with increasing the thickness of the superconductor layer while the gradient of Fano resonance increases with increase in thickness of dielectric layer. Increasing the thickness of dielectric layer decreases the maxima of Fano resonance. The position of Fano resonance can be tuned over a definite frequency range by varying temperature of the superconductor layer.

The Tunable Omnidirectional Reflector Based on Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystals With Superconductor Constituents

The properties of omnidirectional band gap (OBG) in the two-dimensional superconductor photonic crystals (SPCs) with triangular lattices, that are composed of the superconductor (Nb) rods in the dielectric background, are theoretically studied in detail based on the modified plane wave expansion method, as the electromagnetic wave with a off-plane angle. The calculated results demonstrate that not only the complete photonic band gap (PBG) and a flatbands region can be achieved but also the OBG can be observed. The influences of the radius of inserted rod, the dielectric background, the plasma frequency of superconductor, the damping coefficient of the superconductor, and the ambient temperature on the OBG are investigated, respectively. The simulations show that the tunable OBG can be obtained except for changing the damping coefficient of the superconductor. The features of OBG for the complementary structure also are discussed as the anisotropic materials are introduced. The analysis results show that the complete PBG also can be achieved in the large incidence angle region. These values provide the theoretical instructions to realize the omnidirectional reflector by the proposed SPCs.

Two Channel Thermally Tunable Band-Stop Filter for Wavelength Selective Switching Applications by Using 1D Ternary Superconductor Photonic Crystal

By studying temperature-dependent dispersion characteristics and group velocity of 1D ternary photonic crystal (TPC) composed of dielectric-superconductor-dielectric materials, a thermally tunable band-stop filter which is capable of stopping unique wavelength channels without causing any interference amongst equally spaced wavelength channels of full width at half maximum of 1 nm each as per the requirement of wavelength division multiplexing standards adopted by the International Telecommunication Union specifying channel spacing in terms of frequency (wavelength) is suggested. The proposed structure can efficiently work as a two-channel wavelength selective switch for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM)-based all-optical networks. This study also gives theoretical insight to design some new kind of optical memories and tunable buffers which holds data temporary and have potential applications in modern communication systems.