Superamphiphobic Fabric Research Articles

Robust, breathable and antibacterial superamphiphobic cotton fabrics prepared by layer-by-layer dip coating

Superamphiphobic fabrics with both antibacterial and breathable properties are essential for medical applications i.e. stain protection, while challengeable in preparation. In this work, a novel multifunctional superamphiphobic fabric is freshly prepared using a simple layer-by-layer dip-coating strategy. The polydopamine (PDA), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), branched poly (ethylenimine) (bPEI), silicon dioxide (SiO2), octadecylamine (ODA), poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (FAS) are successfully grafted on cotton fabrics. Attributed to the hierarchical micro-nano structure and low surface energy of the coating, the prepared breathable superamphiphobic fabric (B-SAF) exhibits super-repellency and stain resistance against water and oily liquids, even the liquid surface tension is as low as 27.5 mN/m. Moreover, high breathability, good moisture resistance, excellent self-cleaning property were obtained, and good durability were maintained after varied mechanical and chemical damage, high temperatures, and continuous light exposure. More importantly, benefiting from the superamphiphobicity and the presence of amines, B-SAF demonstrates excellent resistance to blood staining and antibacterial activity, which exhibits strong application potentials in the fields of advanced functional textiles, protective clothing, antifouling and chemical engineering.

Novel organic–inorganic hybrid polymer based on fluorinated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes for stable superamphiphobic fabrics and aluminum corrosion protection

Methoxysilane substituted fluorinated silsesquioxane (F-POSS) was first synthesized by a simple ‘thiol-ene’ reaction of octamercaptopropyl silsesquioxane with perfluorohexyl ethylene and trimethoxyvinylsilane (VITMS) under an ultraviolet light condition. Then, by dip-coating F-POSS onto a cotton fabric surface, a durable and stable superamphiphobic fabric (F-POSS-Fabric) was successfully obtained through a sol-gel process. The multiscale structure and surface chemical composition of F-POSS-Fabric were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy. F-POSS-Fabric showed excellent mechanical, chemical stability, and self-cleaning and antifouling properties. F-POSS-Fabric can separate oil and water mixtures efficiently (separation efficiency higher than 99%, maximum flux up to 80,562 L/m2/h). F-POSS can also be used as a protective coating for metallic aluminum (Al) to resist corrosion by acid, alkali, and seawater. The corrosion protection efficiency of an F-POSS coating was about 84.6%, and the impedance of Al was raised from 7698 to 1.8∗105 Ω/cm2.

Durable Superoleophobic Janus Fabric with Oil Repellence and Anisotropic Water-Transport Integration toward Energetic-Efficient Oil–Water Separation

Porous materials with opposing superwettability toward oil and water have aroused widespread interest for their selective-wetting advantage in oil-water separation. The separation process, however, requires constant energy input to maintain the driving force. Further reducing the external energy consumption or accelerating the liquid transport during separation is still a challenge. The Janus membrane is an emerging porous material with opposing wettability toward a specific liquid on each side. The asymmetric wettability distribution leads to a surface energy gradient-driven liquid-transport behavior through the thickness, which significantly facilitates liquid transportation. It is conceived that porous materials possessing both Janus features and selective superwettability would reduce energy consumption and strengthen the efficiency in oil-water separation. Herein, a novel durable superoleophobic (SOHB) Janus fabric which possesses oil-repellent and surface energy gradient-driven water-transport properties was developed through one-side superoleophobic/superhydrophilic modification of the superamphiphobic fabric. The SOHB Janus fabric exhibits high mechanical durability and significant superior capacity than the homogeneous superoleophobic/superhydrophilic fabric in separating various oil-water mixtures. Moreover, the SOHB Janus fabric repels oil contaminants and pumps perspiration from the human skin, exhibiting prospects in physical moisture regulation and comfort improvement. Our novel Janus fabric, along with the fabrication principle, provides a feasible solution for energetic-efficient oil-water remediations and would have implications for the fabrication of advanced separation membranes and intelligent functional clothing.

Polydopamine/SiO2 Hybrid Structured Superamphiphobic Fabrics with Good Photothermal Behavior.

In recent years, photothermal materials that can convert light into heat energy have attracted extensive attention. In this work, we report a simple and effective approach to construct a self-cleaning photothermal superamphiphobic fabric. Dopamine (DA) can self-polymerize into polydopamine (PDA) and adhere to the surface of cotton fabric as a secondary reaction platform. Then, SiO2 nanoparticles were in situ grown on the PDA@fabric surface by the sol-gel method. The PDA clusters can not only provide good photothermal conversion performance but also be integrated with SiO2 to create micro-nano rough structures. Finally, the surface of SiO2 was modified by the long chain of fluorosilane to decrease the fabric surface energy, resulting in superamphiphobicity. The contact angles of water, ethylene glycol, and pump oil on the modified fabric surface could reach 161.1, 158.1, and 142.2°, respectively, making the fabric resistant to contamination by water, common beverages, and oil. Due to the adhesion of the PDA layer, the strong binding force between the fabric and SiO2 particles enabled the modified fabric to withstand various chemical and mechanical attacks, showing excellent mechanical robustness and harsh environmental stability. More importantly, the surface temperature of the modified fabric could be increased from 19.6 to 37.0 °C, which is close to the human body temperature, under the irradiation of simulated sunlight (I = 15 A, 300 s). The photothermal superamphiphobic fabrics with self-cleaning properties show great promise in the photothermal conversion field.

Superamphiphobic Cotton Fabric with Photocatalysis and Ultraviolet Shielding Based on Hierarchical Zno/Hnts Hybrid Particles

Superamphiphobic Cotton Fabric with Photocatalysis and Ultraviolet Shielding Based on Hierarchical Zno/Hnts Hybrid Particles

In Situ, One-Pot Method to Prepare Robust Superamphiphobic Cotton Fabrics for High Buoyancy and Good Antifouling.

Multifunctional superamphiphobic cotton fabrics are in high demand. However, preparation of such fabrics is often difficult or complicated. Herein, a novel superamphiphobic fabric is constructed by a simple one-pot method with an in situ growth process. Under suitable alkaline conditions, dopamine (DA) can be oxidized to benzoquinone. Meanwhile, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (FAS-17) molecules undergo the hydrolysis reaction and bond together. Besides, benzoquinone can react with APTES by Schiff base and hollow nanoclusters can be finally obtained because of the steric hindrance effect of benzene ring and long alkyl chain. Such nanoclusters are formed on the surface of fabric, which endows the fabric with extreme liquid repellence. The effects of pH value and DA concentration on the surface morphology and lyophobic properties of the fabric are systematically studied. The water and pump oil contact angles of the superamphiphobic fabric obtained under the optimal reaction conditions can reach 160 and 151°, respectively. The lyophobicity of the fabric is maintained even after undergoing various harsh tests, showing significant durability and stability. In addition, the superamphiphobic fabric exhibits good antifouling and strong buoyancy ability. The superamphiphobic fabric can load 35 and 27.4 times its own weight in water and oil, respectively, which shows great potential in the field of functional textiles such as swimming suits, protective clothing, and life jackets in the future.

Preparation of durable superamphiphobic cotton fabrics with self-cleaning and liquid repellency

A durable superamphiphobic cotton fabric was obtained by coating SiO2 aerogel particles, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (PFTES) on a cotton fabric via the dip-pad-dry process. The surface morphology, chemical composition, and thermal degradation behavior characterization of the as-prepared cotton fabric (PFTES/PDMS/SiO2@Cotton fabric) were performed, respectively. It was proved that the coated cotton fabric was successfully covered with PFTES/PDMS/SiO2. The porous rough surface topology structure due to the SiO2 aerogel particles along with low surface energy because of the fluorinated chains and PDMS adhesive layer on the as-obtained PFTES/PDMS/SiO2@Cotton fabric can trap a layer of air, endowing the coated fabric durable superamphiphobicity. The prepared superamphiphobic cotton fabric with a water contact angle (WCA) of 159.0 ± 0.8° and an oil contact angle (OCA) of 154.5 ± 0.7° showed good liquid repellence for common liquids in daily life like orange juice, cola, coffee, and milk, exhibiting excellent self-cleaning and stain-resistance property. Moreover, the superamphiphobic cotton fabric possessed good durability and still maintained superamphiphobicity after mechanical abrasion for 1500 cycles or ultraviolet (UV) irradiation for 96 h. This superamphiphobic cotton fabric exhibited potential applications in various fields due to the high repellency to various liquids.

Robust and durable fluorinated 8-MAPOSS-based superamphiphobic fabrics with buoyancy boost and drag reduction

A robust and durable fluorinated 8-MAPOSS-based superamphiphobic fabric (Fabrics-S-MAPOSS-F) was obtained by in situ grafting of 3-Mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane (MPTES), 8-Methacryl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (8-MAPOSS) and 2-(perfluorooctyl) ethyl methacrylate (FMA) on a cotton fabric. The micropores and mesopores bonding structure with low surface energy on the as-prepared Fabrics-S-MAPOSS-F can capture air, endowing the fabric antifouling, self-cleaning, dehydration resistance, buoyancy boost, drag reduction performance, as well as good durability after UV irradiation, mechanical damage, 300 °C oven heating for 2 h and separately immersion in acid/base/salty solution, even in 98% H2SO4 for 30 min. The Fabrics-S-MAPOSS-F can float on the surface of water or blended oil effortlessly with loading 18.8 times and 15.6 times its own weight of SiO2 powder, respectively. Compared to untreated fabric, the Fabrics-S-MAPOSS-F exhibits a sailing velocity boost by nearly 2.5 times in both water and blended oil. The drag reduction rate is as high as ~154.7%. This novel smart Fabrics-S-MAPOSS-F can be considered a promising material in life jacket, special garments, package protection or smart device.

Multifunctional superamphiphobic fabric with hierarchical structures via a mild water-based strategy

Superamphiphobic fabrics with multiple functionalities have great potentials in intelligent textiles field to extend their applications and satisfy the needs of current industry. Herein, we report a simple water-based method to prepare superamphiphobic fabric with excellent anti-fouling and flame-retardancy. The β-FeOOH nanoparticles which in-situ grow from the fibers not only endow the hierarchical structures with both high robustness factor (A*) and spacing factor (D*), but also could capture the produced free radicals to lower the decomposition rate when the fabric is heated. The relationships among the apparent contact angle (θ*), A* and D* are simulated based on the parameters of prepared structures. We also design a series of experiments to ascertain the growth mechanism of urchin-like nanoparticles and the optimal reaction conditions. The as-prepared fabric could maintain its superamphiphobicity towards extreme conditions, such as strong acid/alkali/salt corrosion, continuous impact of common fluids and longtime high-rate washing. This prepared material exhibits huge potentials in applications of multifunctional advanced textiles.

Mechanically durable superamphiphobic surfaces via synergistic hydrophobization and fluorination

Superhydrophobic poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fabrics were firstly fabricated by one-pot in situ Stöber reaction of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and dodecyltrimethoxysilane (DTMS), in which the as-formed silica particles roughened the fiber surfaces and the hydrolyzed dodecyltrimethoxysilane hydrophobized the fabrics. Then the superhydrophobic fabrics were turned superamphiphobic after modification with perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane (PFDTS), with water and oil contact angles higher than 150°. The synergistic hydrophobization of DTMS, PFDTS and PDMS made the roughened fabrics easy to be superamphiphobic using very low concentration of PFDTS. Meanwhile, the as-obtained superamphiphobic fabric showed excellent chemical robustness even after exposure to different chemicals, such as acid, base, and salt. Importantly, the fabrics were durable to 100 cycles of laundries, 1000 cycles of mechanical abrasion as well as long time exposure to UV irradiation without apparently changing the amphiphobicity. Also, the surface of the superamphiphobic fabrics showed excellent blood stain resistance properties.

Superstrong, Chemically Stable, Superamphiphobic Fabrics from Particle‐Free Polymer Coatings

Superamphiphobic fabrics with a robust, chemically stable, highly liquid‐repellent surface have been prepared by one‐step coating treatment of fabric substrate using a coating solution comprising poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene), fluoroalkyl silane, and a volatile solvent (e.g., acetone). The coated fabric has a contact angle of 162°, 156°, and 150° to water, olive oil, and silicone oil, respectively. The highly volatile solvent in the coating solution plays an important role in forming highly liquid repellent surface on the fabric. The coating is highly stable, and can withstand 98% concentrated sulfuric acid and strong alkaline solution (e.g., 40% KOH). It is also durable enough against at least 800 cycles of machine wash, and 10 000 cycles of abrasion. Physical damages such as abrasion with a fabric, rubbing with sandpaper, or scratching with a sharp blade can even increase the liquid repellency to a certain extent. In addition, the coating has a self‐healing property against UV damages. Such a superstrong, superamphiphobic fabric coating may find applications in development of innovative textiles and functional clothing for various applications.

Robust, Superamphiphobic Fabric with Multiple Self-Healing Ability against Both Physical and Chemical Damages

Superamphiphobic coatings with excellent repellency to low surface tension liquids and multiple self-healing abilities are very useful for practical applications, but remain challenging to realize. Previous papers on self-healing superamphiphobic coatings have demonstrated limited liquid repellency with single self-healing ability against either physical or chemical damage. Herein, we describe a superamphiphobic fabric that has remarkable multi-self-healing ability against both physical and chemical damages. The superamphiphobicity was prepared by a two-step surface coating technique. Fabric after coating treatment showed exceptional liquid-repellency to low surface tension liquids including ethanol. The fabric coating was also durable to withstand 200 cycles of laundries and 5000 cycles of Martindale abrasion without apparently changing the superamphiphobicity. This highly robust, superamphiphobic fabric may find applications for the development of "smart" functional textiles for various applications.

Robust, electro-conductive, self-healing superamphiphobic fabric prepared by one-step vapour-phase polymerisation of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) in the presence of fluorinated decyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane and fluorinated alkyl silane

A robust, electrically conductive, superamphiphobic fabric was prepared by vapour-phase polymerisation of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) on fabric in the presence of fluorinated decyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (FD-POSS) and a fluorinated alkyl silane (FAS). The coated fabric had contact angles of 169° and 156° respectively to water and hexadecane, and a surface resistance in the range of 0.8–1.2 kΩ □−1. The incorporation of FD-POSS and FAS into the PEDOT layer showed a very small influence on the conductivity but improved the washing and abrasion stability considerably. The coated fabric can withstand at least 500 cycles of standard laundry and 10 000 cycles of abrasion without apparently changing the superamphiphobicity, while the conductivity only had a small reduction after the washing and abrasion. More interestingly, the coating had a self-healing ability to auto-repair from chemical damages to restore the liquid repellency.

Robust, Self‐Healing Superamphiphobic Fabrics Prepared by Two‐Step Coating of Fluoro‐Containing Polymer, Fluoroalkyl Silane, and Modified Silica Nanoparticles

AbstractA robust, superamphiphobic fabric with a novel self‐healing ability to autorepair from chemical damage is prepared by a two‐step wet‐chemistry coating technique using an easily available material system consisting of poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene), fluoroalkyl silane, and modified silica nanoparticles. The coated fabrics can withstand at least 600 cycles of standard laundry and 8000 cycles of abrasion without apparently changing the superamphiphobicity. The coating is also very stable to strong acid/base, ozone, and boiling treatments. After being damaged chemically, the coating can restore its super liquid‐repellent properties by a short‐time heating treatment or room temperature ageing. This simple but novel and effective coating system may be useful for the development of robust protective clothing for various applications.