Super Size Research Articles

Optical storage area networks

Storage area networks (SANs) are a promising technology to efficiently manage the ever-increasing amount of business data. Extending SANs over large distances becomes essential to facilitate data protection and sharing storage resources over large geographic distances. A WDM metropolitan ring network is examined as a suitable extension for SANs where it is shown that sectioning the ring can help deal with traffic asymmetry and hot node (SAN node on ring) scenarios. Several network architectures are studied: One of the architectures accommodates a single SAN and its mirror connected through a sectioning link. Another architecture accommodates two pairs of SANs and their mirrors with sectioning links connecting each pair. Issues investigated include impact of the number of co-existing IP (non SAN) nodes; traffic models: Poisson and self-similar; slotted regime: fixed-size (FS), variable-size (VS) and supersize (SS) slot schemes; MAC protocol design; handling traffic asymmetry and performance measures.

Documentaries Hit the Multiplexes: From Super Size Me to My Architect and Beyond

Documentaries Hit the Multiplexes: From Super Size Me to My Architect and Beyond

Single-centered and Super Colossal Bulbs from Yellow Onion Cultivars

Onion (Allium cepa) cultivars for commercial production in eastern Oregon and southwestern Idaho are evaluated annually in replicated yield trials conducted at the Malheur Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Ontario. Market demand has progressively called for larger bulb size and bulbs with single centers. At harvest onions were evaluated for maturity, number of bolters, and single centeredness. Cultivars showed a wide range of bulbs with only one growing point or “bullet” single centers, ranging from 1% to 57% in 2000, from 7% to 70% in 2001, and from 1% to 74% in 2002. The percentages of bulbs functionally single-centered for processing uses ranged from 18% to 88% in 2000, from 24.7% to 91.3% in 2001, and from 14.4% to 92% in 2002. Bulb yield and market grade were evaluated out of storage. Marketable yield after 4 months of storage varied significantly by cultivar from 643 to 1196 cwt/acre (72.1 to 134.1 Mg·ha–1) in 2000, from 538 to 980 cwt/acre (60.3 to 109.8 Mg·ha–1) in 2001, and from 583 to 1119 cwt/acre (65.3 to125.4 Mg·ha–1) in 2002. Averaging over cultivars, super colossal bulb size averaged 26%, 14%, and 10% in 2000, 2001, and 2002, respectively.

Super-sized and diabetic by frequent fast-food consumption?

Amid the dispute over the realism of the documentary film Super Size Me, in which the character, Mr Spurluck, ate McDonald's food three times a day for 30 days and gained 11 kg, the report by Mark Pereira and colleagues in today's Lancet, adds some scientific evidence to support the film producer's views. The findings from the prospective US CARDIA population study show that frequent fast-food consumption is associated with weight gain and risk of insulin resistance over 15 years. Individuals who ate meals from fast-food restaurants more than twice a week, at both baseline and follow-up, gained 4·5 kg more weight and had a 104% greater increase in insulin resistance than individuals who ate less than one meal at a fast-food restaurant each week.

The Beat

The Beat

Nature of Atmospheric Aerosols over the Desert Areas in the Asian Continent: Chemical State and Number Concentration of Particles Measured at Dunhuang, China

Measurements of aerosol were made in August and October 2001, and January 2002, at Dunhuang, China (40°00′N, 94°30′E), to understand the nature of atmosphericparticles over the desert areas in the Asian continent. Balloon-borne measurements with an optical particle counter suggested that particle size and concentration had a noticeable peak in size range of super micron in not only the boundary mixing layer but also the free troposphere. Thickness of the boundary mixing layer, from distributions of particle concentration, was about 4 km in summer (17 August 2001), about2.5 km in fall (17 October 2001), and about 3 km in winter (11 January 2002), which suggest active mixing of particles near the boundary in summer. Number-size distribution of particleshowed a noticeable peak in the super micron particles size range inthe mixing boundary layer: 0.4–2 particles cm-3 at diameter>1.2 μm in summer, 0.05–4 particles cm-3 at diameter >1.2 μm in fall, and 0.1–5 particles cm-3 at diameter>1.2 μm in winter. In winter strong inversion of atmospherictemperature was found in the height range from the boundary to about 3 km and vertical distribution of particle concentration well corresponded with the temperature distribution. Chemical elements of individual aerosols, which were collectedin the boundary layer atmosphere at Dunhuang (18 October 2001) were analyzed with an electron microscope equipped with EDX. Thosesingle particle analysis suggested that most of the particles with supermicron size were soil particles, and those particles had littlesulfate on its surface. This is a very important different point,comparing with the chemical state of soil particles, which weretransported from the desert area of China to Japan, and showed frequentlythe existence of sulfate on the particle surface. Therefore, it isstrongly suggested that dust particles can be chemically modifiedduring their long-range transport from desert areas to Japan.

An estimation of the productive efficiency of chaebols of Korea and their reform

The chaebols in Korea contained some problems. One is that they have represented a disturbing concentration of market power. There is no evidence of the big firms colluding; for the most part they compete fiercely. But, taken together, the four biggest chaebols, Hyundai, Samsung, Daewoo and LG, employ only 3 per cent of the workforce while accounting for almost a third of the total sales of all South Korean companies. These four groups alone handle nearly 60 per cent of total exports. The concentration of ownership is tighter still, the families that founded the top 30 chaebols still own perhaps 60 per cent of their combined equity. The formation of chaebol and its developing process will be reviewed and some points of their systematic problems will be summarized in this paper. Adjustment cost and equity on the reform of chaebol also will be discussed. It is natural to argue that the productive efficiency engaged in super size enterprise group should be one of the objectives which inflict large costs on the economy. It can be suggested that more reform would be efficient in choosing a new system. Professional management seems to be one of the practically efficient outcomes. As a efficient policy, it will withstand future policy challenges better than the status quo. In terms of economic efficiency and equity as well, professional management systems which clean out illegal behaviour consistently may represent an optimal mix as long as they are under the present system.

The design, synthesis and characterization of polyurethane with super macromolecular size

In the synthesis of polyurethane (PU), utilizing the property that –NCO at chain end in prepolymer can react with the hydrogen in –NHCOO– [Solomon DH, editor. Step-growth polymerizations. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1972 [Chapter 3].], a reaction system with cross-linking tendency is designed. Due to the cross-linking tendency, molecular weight will increase unlimitedly, meanwhile, intramolecular reaction presenting in the system consumes –NCO groups and then the cross-linking reaction can be prevented finally. By this way, PU with extremely complex structures and super macromolecular size is synthesized. When the molecular weight of the soft segment is 900, and the amount of chain extender is reduced by 40%, the molecular size is 750 nm. Compared with the polystyrene, which has a molecular weight of 2×10 6, the molecular size is only 96 nm, it is undoubtedly a super macromolecule. Elongation and extensile strength at break of this PU sample are 1683% and 28,000 N/cm 2, respectively. When the molecular weight of the soft segment is 1684, elongation and extensile strength at break are 2300% and 51,000 N/cm 2, respectively.

Super large grain size of poly-Si obtained by using the solid-phase crystallization method

Poly-Si thin films with super large grain size of 300 μm are obtained by using the solid-phase crystallization (SPC) method. It is found that the deposition parameters of the starting a-Si: H films are very important factors in the SPC process. Large grain size can be achieved by depositing the starting a-Si: H films at high substrate temperatures with high deposition rate which causes the starting material to be more disordered and to have a low H content. Electrical and optical measurements of the crystallized films are taken to characterize the properties of the poly-Si films.

最近の新聞古紙の脱墨性に及ぼす経時変化の影響 ニーダー導入による脱墨性の変化

Nowaday, we are required of the reuse of waste paper for refuse disposal and rainforest problem.As a method of further use of old newspaper (ONP), we are considering that DIP over 70% brightness will be available for middle grade paper instead of BKP, GP, TMP, CTMP. Therfore, We are making research on the deinking-bleaching technology for higher brightness to enlarge the use of old newspaper.On the investigating of high brightness DIP, we have researched the effect of aging period (stock period) on deinking property and kneader using three major newspapers (A, B, C company).The offset press ONP of B, C company appeared the deterioration of deinking property by aging. But surprisingly A company ONP did not appear such phenomenon. Letter press ONP did not show such phenomenon.Use of kneader could prevent considerably such deterioration of deinking property by aging of offset press ONP. But the brightness of letter press ONP which has easily deinking property lowered greatly by increasing of super fine particles size of ink.The offset press ONP of A copmpany was deinked well with and without kneader. So, that type of printing method will be faborable if the deinking property is considered.

Hierarchical address vector quantization for image coding

This paper presents a novel approach for utilizing the concept of interblock correlation to form variable size blocks. These blocks are then coded using a hierarchical coding model. Compared to the traditional mean-removed variable-block-size coding techniques, where a large block is successively partitioned into four smaller blocks as long as certain segmentation criteria are satisfied, the algorithm proposed in this paper is based on allowing a small mean-removed basic block to grow (by a factor of 2) recursively to a preset maximum (large) super block size as long as certain block correlation conditions are met. The block correlation condition is defined by whether or not an address codebook is addressable to code the larger-size block, where the address codebooks are designed ahead of time over a database of training images. For encoding the variable size blocks, the proposed algorithm utilizes only one pixel codebook for the basic block size and several address codebooks to encode larger block sizes. Through experiments, it is found that peak S N ratios in excess of 30 dB at bit rates lower than 0.2 bpp are easily obtained.