Supersequence Research Articles

Palaeobiological inferences of "rauisuchians" Fasolasuchus tenax (Los Colorados Fm., Argentina) and Prestosuchus chiniquensis (Santa Maria Super sequence, Brazil) from the Middle-Upper Triassic of South America based on microstructural analyses.

"Rauisuchia" is a non-monophyletic group of quadrupedal and carnivorous pseudosuchians that inhabited the entire world during the Middle-Upper Triassic period (Anisian/Ladinian-Rhaetian). In South America, "rauisuchians" reached the largest sizes among continental carnivores. Despite their important ecological role, some aspects of their palaeobiology have been poorly examined. Here, we study appendicular bones, dorsal ribs and osteoderms of two genera, the Argentinean Fasolasuchus tenax (PVL 3850, holotype) and the Brazilian Prestosuchus chiniquensis (SNSB-BSPG AS XXV) respectively. The femur of F. tenax is formed by laminar fibrolamellar bone, which is composed of non-fully monorefringent woven-fibred matrix and primary osteons; the dorsal rib has a Haversian bone composition with an external fundamental system recorded and the osteoderm is formed by well-organised parallel-fibred bone. The femur, humerus and fibula of P. chiniquensis are mostly composed of strongly arranged parallel-fibred bone and a laminar vascularisation. The minimal ages obtained correspond to 9 years for F. tenax (based on the maximum number of growth marks in the osteoderm) and 4 years for P. chiniquensis (obtained from the highest count of growth marks in the femur and in the humerus). F. tenax attained somatic and skeletal maturity, while P. chiniquensis was near to reaching skeletal and sexual maturity, but it was somatically immature. The overall rapid growth rate and the high and uniform vascularisation seems to imply that these features are common in most of "rauisuchians", except in P. chiniquensis.

Multiplicative Triple Fibonacci Sequence of Third Order

The Coupled Fibonacci Sequence are Firstly established by K.T. Atanassov in 1985. The abstractions of Fibonacci Triple Sequence are considered in 1987. Fibonacci Sequence stands as a kind of super sequence with Fabulous properties. This is the explosive development in the region of Fibonacci Sequence. Fibonacci was advanced by Leonardo de Pisa (whose nickname was Fibonacci, which means son of Bonacci) in 1202 as a result of his inspection on the growth of a population of rabbits. The consecutive Fibonacci numbers are produced by adding together the two previous numbers in the sequence, after specifying suitable initial conditions. In the last years Triple Fibonacci Sequence are hype, but Multiplicative Triple Sequence of Recurrence Relations are less known. Much work has been done to study on Fibonacci Triple Sequence in Additive form. In 1995, Multiplicative Coupled Fibonacci Sequence are contemplated. Our purpose of this paper to present some results of Multiplicative Triple Fibonacci Sequence of third order under one specific scheme.
 This paper expanded out of a curiosity in the Fibonacci sequence and a craving to spread the results of Multiplicative Coupled Fibonacci sequence. Ever since Fibonacci (Leonardo of Pisa) wrote his Liber Abbaci in 1202, his fascinating sequence has transfixed men through the centuries, not only for its inborn mathematical riches, but also for its applications in art and nature. Indeed, it is almost true to say that the research produced by its nearly amounts to the quantity of off- spring generated by the mythical pair of rabbits who started Fibonacci off on the problem.

Sequence Stratigraphic and Tectono-Stratigraphic Successions, Ozark Shelf, Tri-State Region, Southern Midcontinent

The southern Ozark region, Arkansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma occupies the southern border of the North American craton. Its sedimentary succession preserves a complete Wilson Cycle reflecting the Late Precambrian-Cambrian rifting of Rodinia into the Laurussian and Gondwanan landmasses that opened the Iapetus Ocean Basin during the Late Cambrian-Middle Mississippian. The basin was closed during the Late Mississippian-Middle Pennsylvanian by the collision of Laurussia with Gondwana. During the Late Cambrian through the Middle Pennsylvanian, the Ozark Shelf, including its gently sloping, Northern Arkansas Structural Platform (NASP) and adjacent ramp, records both transgression and regression by epeiric seas as well as regional tectonism that can be recognized as five Tectono-Stratigraphic Successions (TS) and correlated readily with the Sloss Cratonic Sequences. The TS record comprises at least 33 named formations with a potential thickness >2926m (9600ft). However, both eustatic and tectonic sea-level rise and fall also produced regional surfaces of erosion that punctuated deposition, and the preserved thickness on the NASP is significantly less. The five distinct, but related, Tectono-stratigraphic Successions in the Paleozoic record are (TS1) Late Precambrian-Middle Cambrian, (TS2) Upper Cambrian-lowest Ordovician, (TS3) Lower Ordovician-Lower Devonian, (TS4) Middle Devonian-Upper Mississippian, and (TS5) Lower-Middle Pennsylvanian. TS1, a pre-Late Sauk Sequence, is the least well-known succession, consisting of emplaced igneous and low-ranked metasedimentary bodies and pre-Lamotte sedimentary rocks. TS2, Late Sauk Sequence, is potentially >937m (3075ft) of dolomites and sandstones. TS3, Tippecanoe Sequence, is the penultimate thickest interval, possibly >1257m (4125ft) of dolomites, limestones, shales, and supermature sandstones. TS4, Kaskaskia Sequence, measures at least 736m (2416ft). The final TS5, Lower Absaroka Sequence of first cycle sandstones with variable amounts of mrfs, and shales is the thickest interval, >1267m (4160ft) and may exceed 7620m (25,000ft) in the adjacent Arkoma Basin.

Evolutionary history and controlling factors of the shelf breaks in the Pearl River Mouth Basin, northern South China Sea

The migration history of shelf breaks in the stratigraphy of a basin contains significant information about sediment-budget partitioning into the deep water area, which is thus important in predicting the distribution and quality of deepwater reservoirs. Previous studies primarily focused on the sedimentary-dominated shelf breaks (e.g., progradational-type), which are controlled by sediment supply and relative sea-level changes. The location and migration pattern of structure-controlled shelf breaks are comparatively less well documented.The evolutionary history of shelf breaks in the Pearl River Mouth Basin from 30 Ma to present is examined here. Shelf breaks are picked from 280 2-D depositional dip-oriented seismic profiles in the forced regressive systems tracts of 20 3rd-order sequences (SQ 1-20) in four super sequences (SSQ 1-4). Planview distribution maps indicate these shelf breaks can be divided into two groups of different character. Shelf breaks in SSQ 1 (30–23.8 Ma) have migrated progressively and considerably basinward (∼50 km) along with the progradation of shelf-margin deltas, which were propelled by a very strong sediment supply even under the background of relative sea-level rise. They are consequently classified as sedimentary-dominated types. In contrast, shelf breaks in SSQ 2-4 have stayed fairly close (∼20 km) to the boundary between the Panyu Low Uplift and the Baiyun Sag, which is identified as a tectonic hinge zone across which subsidence rate increased abruptly basinward. Shelf breaks were close to the hinge zone even in SQ 11 and 12, in which the depositional shoreline breaks were located ∼80 km further landward. They are classified as structure-controlled types. Our study indicates that through the evolutionary history of the Pearl River Mouth Basin, the locations and migration pattern of the shelf breaks were mainly sediment-supply controlled during 30–23.8 Ma but changed to structure-controlled (i.e., tectonic hinge zone) during 23.8 Ma-Present.

Mississippian (Early Carboniferous) sequence stratigraphy of the Rhenish Kulm Basin, Germany

1. IntroductionThe relation between sea-level variations and sedimentary sequences that are bound by erosional unconformities was already elucidated by Sloss et al. (1949) and Sloss (1963) concerning the cratonic sequences of the conterminous U.S. (see also Sloss, 1988). However, only introduction of sequence stratigraphy on a seismic scale (Vail et al., 1977) caused a revolution of stratigraphic studies (Van Wagoner et al., 1987, 1989; Vail et al., 1991). It was a major step to understand the lateral genetic relationships of rock units in platform‑slope‑basin transects as well as their vertical genetic superposition, both based on the unifying aspect of relative sea-level changes. In the meantime, a plethora of studies is available from all kinds of sedimentary lithotypes throughout geological times, ranging from the sequence stratigraphic interpretation of single sections to seismic scale basins. However, most studies are devoted to shallow-marine platform settings. Sequence stratigraphic approaches to continental and basinal settings are underrepresented, and for the latter are almost completely confined to siliciclastic turbidite fan systems. Case studies and principles for deeper marine settings were reviewed by Catuneanu (2006) and Catuneanu et al. (2009, 2011), but miss an example of a complex deeper water foreland basin with differentiated lithosomes, as seen in the European and Northwest African Kulm basins.Herein, the sequence stratigraphic development of the Missis

Facies Interpretation, Depositional Environment and Sequence Stratigraphy of the Gachal Formation in the Madbeiki Section, Kalmard Block, East Central Iran

Deposits of Lower Carboniferous rocks in Kalmard block are recognized by Gachal informal formation, showing various characteristics in different outcrops. Lower Carboniferous deposits (Gachal formation) are composed chiefly of carbonate, evaporite and siliciclastic rocks. This formation is composed of 198 m sandstone, limestone and dolomite as well as a small amount of shale, marl and gypsum in the Madbeiki section. This formation unconformably underlies Precambrian metamorphic deposits (Kalmard formation) while lateritic soils of lower Permian (Chili formation) are depicted overlying an erosional unconformity above this formation. According to lithologic and microscopic investigations, the deposits of Gachal formation can be divided into 1 siliciclastic petrofacies, 1 evaporite microfacies and 16 carbonate microfacies. Field observations, along with microscopic examinations, have resulted in identifying tidal flat, lagoon, shoal and open marine environments in the rocks of the studied formation. Vertical changes of microfacies and depth variation curve indicate the high thickness of the microfacies of tidal flat, lagoon and shoal environments and low thickness of the microfacies of open marine environment. The carbonate-evaporite-siliciclastic sequence of Gachal formation is made up of three third-order depositional sequence, separated each other by type 1 sequence boundary (SB1). Siliciclastic and evaporite deposits include LST system tract, and carbonate microfacies involve TST and HST system tracts, separated from each other by MFS. Gachal formation rocks in Madbeiki section are deposited in a low-angle homoclinal ramp, mostly in the inner ramp, located in the southern Paleotethys Ocean. The depositional sequence identified in Gachal formation points to the age of Lower Carboniferous, conforming to upper Kaskaskia super sequence. The upper erosional boundary between Gachal and Chili formations conform to the global-scale sea level fall.

Super edge-magic sequence of maximal outer planer graph and its characteristics

AbstractIn this paper, we study specific striped maximal outer planar graph (MOP) in the view of super edge-magic sequences (SEMS). Also, we derive a formula for the Wiener index (WI) of above MOP graph which is having SEMS. We analyze graphical properties like independence number, chromatic number, dominance number, and matching number of specific striped MOP graph through SEMS.

Depósitos de plataforma mista, Neocarbonífero da Bacia do Amazonas, região de Uruará, estado do Pará

Rochas carbonáticas são amplamente registradas na região oeste e centro-oeste do Estado do Pará, borda Sul da Bacia do Amazonas, correspondentes ao período Neocarbonífero. Esses depósitos são incluídos na sequência pensilvaniana-permiana correspondente a uma super sequência de segunda ordem representada pelo Grupo Tapajós. A Formação Itaituba corresponde à porção transgressiva que precedeu a expressiva continentalização e formação de Pangeia. Essa unidade é constituída de carbonatos fossilíferos, arenito com estratificação cruzada e subordinadamente folhelhos e evaporitos de ambiente marinho costeiro. Dezenove fácies e microfácies foram agrupadas em cinco associações de fácies (AF) correspondentes a depósitos de planície de maré (AF1), canal de maré (AF2), laguna (AF3), barra bioclástica (AF4) e plataforma externa (AF5). A AF1 compreende ciclos de exposição subaérea com formação de gretas de contração e deposição subaquosa, composta de brecha dolomítica, dolomito fino laminado e dolomudstone com terrígenos separados por arenito maciço piritoso e dolomito fino silicificado. A AF2 consiste em arenito fino com laminação cruzada de base reta e recobrimento pelítico nos foresets, siltito argiloso com laminação cruzada, marga com laminação cruzada cavalgante e arenito grosso com estratificação cruzada com recobrimento pelítico nos foresets. Falhas sinsedimentares afetam os arenitos e siltitos. A AF3 é constituída de siltito maciço avermelhado, mudstone fossilífero, floatstone com braquiópode e folhelho negro piritoso maciço. A AF4 é representada por grainstone oolítico fossilífero e grainstone com terrígenos e fósseis de braquiópodes, equinodermas, bivalves, moluscos e subordinadamente artrópodes, briozoários e foraminíferos. A AF5 associa-se a uma plataforma composta de wackestone fossilífero, wackestone fossilífero com terrígenos e mudstone maciço. A assembleia fossilífera é representada por foraminíferos, braquiópodes, bivalves e, subordinadamente, briozoários e equinodermas, que atestam um ambiente costeiro de salinidade moderada e profundidade baixa com intensa proliferação de organismos bentônicos. O modelo deposicional da Formação Itaituba, na região de Uruará, foi atribuído a um sistema lagunar e de planície de maré conectado a um sistema de plataforma marinha carbonática. As lagunas eram bordejadas por planície de maré na porção mais continental e periodicamente supridas por aporte de terrígeno fino (silte) que inibia a precipitação carbonática. Barras bioclásticas cortadas por canais de maré (inlet) separavam a laguna da plataforma rasa com maior abundância de fósseis marinhos bentônicos, registrando o início de uma transgressão marinha neocarbonífera na Bacia do Amazonas advinda de NNW.

Sedimentary petrology and detrital zircon U–Pb and Lu–Hf constraints of Mesoproterozoic intracratonic sequences in the Espinhaço Supergroup: Implications for the Archean and Proterozoic evolution of the São Francisco Craton

The Espinhaço Basin is one of the largest Precambrian intracratonic basins in the Brazilian Shield, and it comprises three tectonostratigraphic megasequences, i.e., the Lower, Middle, and Upper Espinhaço sequences, deposited from 1.8 to 1.68Ga, 1.6 to 1.38Ga, and 1.2 to 0.9Ga, respectively. Each megasequence contain detrital materials derived from the denudation of basement and/or cover units and can be used to decipher the paleogeographic evolution of the São Francisco Craton, together with the vertical and lateral stratigraphic architecture. Sandstone compositions and detrital zircon U–Pb ages and Lu–Hf isotopes from the Middle and Upper Espinhaço sequences were investigated, in conjunction with stratigraphic data, to reveal distinct provenance patterns. Sandstones in the lower units of the Middle Espinhaço sequence were recycled from sedimentary sources and were found to contain Paleoproterozoic zircon grains, either juvenile or evolved from Mesoarchean or Neoarchean crustal sources. This pattern is succeeded by sandstones derived from recycled sedimentary sources that contain juvenile and remelted zircon grains formed in the Paleoarchean, Neoarchean, and Paleoproterozoic eras. The overlying units of the Middle and Upper Espinhaço sequences include significant inputs from Statherian and Calymmian zircon grains, in addition to the Archean and Paleoproterozoic grains. This points to both a stratigraphic inversion of the source area due to the denudation of Archean basement terrain in the lower sections and a change of provenance with the input of Statherian and Calymmian zircons in the upper sections. In addition, the ages and Hf isotopic compositions of zircon grains older than 1.8Ga match the evolution of the continental crust within the São Francisco Craton. A possible chronocorrelation between the late Paleoproterozoic to Mesoproterozoic cratonic sequences in the Congo–São Francisco Craton and those sequences preserved within the Fennoscandian and Indian shields as well as in the North American, West Australian, and North China Cratons implies similar evolutions for these regions after ca. 1.8Ga. Such a similarity is probably related to the evolution of the Columbia supercontinent and its transition to the Rodinia supercontinent.

Optimization of a One-Step Heat-Inducible In Vivo Mini DNA Vector Production System

While safer than their viral counterparts, conventional circular covalently closed (CCC) plasmid DNA vectors offer a limited safety profile. They often result in the transfer of unwanted prokaryotic sequences, antibiotic resistance genes, and bacterial origins of replication that may lead to unwanted immunostimulatory responses. Furthermore, such vectors may impart the potential for chromosomal integration, thus potentiating oncogenesis. Linear covalently closed (LCC), bacterial sequence free DNA vectors have shown promising clinical improvements in vitro and in vivo. However, the generation of such minivectors has been limited by in vitro enzymatic reactions hindering their downstream application in clinical trials. We previously characterized an in vivo temperature-inducible expression system, governed by the phage λ pL promoter and regulated by the thermolabile λ CI[Ts]857 repressor to produce recombinant protelomerase enzymes in E. coli. In this expression system, induction of recombinant protelomerase was achieved by increasing culture temperature above the 37°C threshold temperature. Overexpression of protelomerase led to enzymatic reactions, acting on genetically engineered multi-target sites called “Super Sequences” that serve to convert conventional CCC plasmid DNA into LCC DNA minivectors. Temperature up-shift, however, can result in intracellular stress responses and may alter plasmid replication rates; both of which may be detrimental to LCC minivector production. We sought to optimize our one-step in vivo DNA minivector production system under various induction schedules in combination with genetic modifications influencing plasmid replication, processing rates, and cellular heat stress responses. We assessed different culture growth techniques, growth media compositions, heat induction scheduling and temperature, induction duration, post-induction temperature, and E. coli genetic background to improve the productivity and scalability of our system, achieving an overall LCC DNA minivector production efficiency of ∼90%.We optimized a robust technology conferring rapid, scalable, one-step in vivo production of LCC DNA minivectors with potential application to gene transfer-mediated therapeutics.

Generalized Coupled Fibonacci Sequences of rth Order and their Properties

ABSTRACT Among numerical sequences, the Fibonacci numbers have achieved a kind of celebrity status with such fabulous properties, it is no wonder that the Fibonacci numbers stand out as a kind of super sequence. Fibonacci numbers have been studied in many different forms for centuries and the literature on the subject is consequently, incredibly vast. The Fibonacci sequence has been generalized in a number of ways. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate many of the properties of Coupled Fibonacci sequences of r order, which can be stated and proved for a much more general class.

An efficient algorithm for mining sequential generator pattern using prefix trees and hash tables

Mining long frequent sequences that contain a combinatorial number of frequent subsequences or using very low support thresholds to mine sequential patterns is both time-and memory-consuming. The mining of closed sequential patterns, sequential generator patterns, and maximum sequences has been proposed to overcome this problem. This paper proposes an algorithm for generating all sequential generator patterns. This algorithm uses a vertical approach to listing and counting the support of sequence based on the prime block encoding approach to represent candidate sequences and determine the frequency for each candidate. The search space of the proposed algorithm is much smaller than those of other algorithms because super sequence frequency-based pruning and non-generator-based pruning are applied. Besides, hash tables are also used for fast checking the existed sequential generator patterns. Experimental results conducted on synthetic and real databases show that the proposed algorithm is effective.

Special super edge-magic sequences on (q + 1,q) and (q,q) graphs

We introduced a new concept of super edge–magic sequence (SEMS) of a super edge-magic graph (SEMG) with p vertices and q edges. The super edge-magic sequence of natural numbers is denoted by < xi >,1 ≤ i ≤ q. This sequence need not to be monotonic. In this paper, we project SEMS in different direction i.e., in the application point of view. Primarily, we discuss two special types of super edge-magic sequences of a super edge-magic graph (p, q) on p = q + 1 and p = q also drive a particular family of graphs like tree and unicyclic graphs. We finish the paper, by presenting some additional interesting properties of super edge-magic sequences.

Long-lived LREE mobility in the cratonic, rift and foredeep to foreland sedimentary cover at the western margin of the Karelia Province

The western margin of the Karelia Province of the Fennoscandian Shield consists of Archean crust covered by remnants of Paleoproterozoic (c. 2.5–1.9Ga) metasedimentary rocks. The study area in the eastern part of the margin shows 2.3–2.1Ga cratonic sedimentation followed by 2.1–2.05Ga rift sedimentation and c. 1.91–1.92Ga foredeep to foreland sedimentation related to continent–arc/continent collision. Extreme LREE mobility (loss up >95% of La) is recorded by many samples from these units. Monazite, bastnäsite and, in some cases, allanite have been the prealteration LREE host phases in the LREE depleted samples. Monazite was altered to Th-silicates with variable loss of the LREE, the remaining part of which was incorporated in Th-poor monazite.The depositional age of the sedimentary units was studied by dating (LA-MC-ICPMS) detrital zircon grains, and the age of LREE mobility by dating monazite and xenotime and by whole-rock Sm–Nd modeling. The maximum deposition age of the foredeep to foreland basin is 1.91–1.92Ga based on detrital zircon data and the minimum age of the main foliation in the study area is 1.87–1.86Ga based on the younger age limit of late-to post-tectonic xenotime and the ages of few probable metamorphic zircons. Coeval bastnäsite, with xenotime in a LREE enriched sample, suggests that this was also one important stage of LREE mobility. Monazite crystallizations have occurred 1.76–1.78Ga ago while the Rb–Sr whole rock data suggest that the closure of this isotope system took place 1732±21Ma ago. The Sm–Nd modeling gives ages at 0.4–1.0Ga for LREE depletion. The Sm–Nd age of 412±27Ma can be considered as the age of the latest major LREE depletion event.We propose that alkali-bearing oxidizing fluids started to form in the cratonic sequences due to diagenetic reactions maybe as early as 2.3–2.1Ga. Alkalinity of fluids was later increased by interaction with alkaline 2.05Ga source materials before and during the c. 1.91–1.92Ga foredeep to foreland basin stage. Basin inversion and metamorphic crystallization occurred at 1.91–1.87Ga. Episodes of fluid migration at 1.78–1.73Ga and afterwards were focused along fracture zones and in microfracture networks. The 0.4Ga stage is the most prominent of the <1.7Ga events and is best explained by assuming shield-scale foreland basin related to the Caledonian orogenic front, causing heat redistribution and also fluid circulation in the underlying crystalline basement. The 2.1Ga formed marginal fault has been a very important shield-scale tectonic element and a pathway for fluid circulation for almost 2billion years.

Recursive organizer (ROR): an analytic framework for sequence-based association analysis

The advent of next-generation sequencing technologies affords the ability to sequence thousands of subjects cost-effectively, and is revolutionizing the landscape of genetic research. With the evolving genotyping/sequencing technologies, it is not unrealistic to expect that we will soon obtain a pair of diploidic fully phased genome sequences from each subject in the near future. Here, in light of this potential, we propose an analytic framework called, recursive organizer (ROR), which recursively groups sequence variants based upon sequence similarities and their empirical disease associations, into fewer and potentially more interpretable super sequence variants (SSV). As an illustration, we applied ROR to assess an association between HLA-DRB1 and type 1 diabetes (T1D), discovering SSVs of HLA-DRB1 with sequence data from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium. Specifically, ROR reduces 36 observed unique HLA-DRB1 sequences into 8 SSVs that empirically associate with T1D, a fourfold reduction of sequence complexity. Using HLA-DRB1 data from Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium as cases and data from Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center as controls, we are able to validate associations of these SSVs with T1D. Further, SSVs consist of nine nucleotides, and each associates with its corresponding amino acids. Detailed examination of these selected amino acids reveals their potential functional roles in protein structures and possible implication to the mechanism of T1D.

Fluctuations in Sedimentary Provenance of the Upper Cambrian Mount Simon Sandstone, Illinois Basin, United States

Abstract Understanding sedimentary provenance is essential when investigating clastic strata. The lack of compositional variability in mature sediments associated with Cambrian cratonic sequences in the United States makes traditional petrographic discrimination of sedimentary origin difficult. The upper Cambrian Mount Simon Sandstone of the Illinois Basin is a quartz arenite (Q93F5L2 and Qm85F5Lt10) with unconstrained sediment provenance and is also the reservoir for ongoing injection of a million tons of CO2. This study investigates whether fluctuations in sedimentary provenance caused changes in the composition and texture of the Mount Simon Sandstone reservoir through its deposition. Core descriptions, petrographic analyses of 35 thin sections, and LA-ICPMS analyses of five detrital zircon samples, collected from 878 feet of the Mount Simon Sandstone depositional interval in Stephenson County, Illinois, the only known core that includes the entire formation, yield new compositional data and U-Pb ages....

Construction and Characterization of an in-vivo Linear Covalently Closed DNA Vector Production System

BackgroundWhile safer than their viral counterparts, conventional non-viral gene delivery DNA vectors offer a limited safety profile. They often result in the delivery of unwanted prokaryotic sequences, antibiotic resistance genes, and the bacterial origins of replication to the target, which may lead to the stimulation of unwanted immunological responses due to their chimeric DNA composition. Such vectors may also impart the potential for chromosomal integration, thus potentiating oncogenesis. We sought to engineer an in vivo system for the quick and simple production of safer DNA vector alternatives that were devoid of non-transgene bacterial sequences and would lethally disrupt the host chromosome in the event of an unwanted vector integration event.ResultsWe constructed a parent eukaryotic expression vector possessing a specialized manufactured multi-target site called “Super Sequence”, and engineered E. coli cells (R-cell) that conditionally produce phage-derived recombinase Tel (PY54), TelN (N15), or Cre (P1). Passage of the parent plasmid vector through R-cells under optimized conditions, resulted in rapid, efficient, and one step in vivo generation of mini lcc—linear covalently closed (Tel/TelN-cell), or mini ccc—circular covalently closed (Cre-cell), DNA constructs, separated from the backbone plasmid DNA. Site-specific integration of lcc plasmids into the host chromosome resulted in chromosomal disruption and 105 fold lower viability than that seen with the ccc counterpart.ConclusionWe offer a high efficiency mini DNA vector production system that confers simple, rapid and scalable in vivo production of mini lcc DNA vectors that possess all the benefits of “minicircle” DNA vectors and virtually eliminate the potential for undesirable vector integration events.

A 56 million year rhythm in North American sedimentation during the Phanerozoic

Long-term (>10Myr) fluctuations in climate, sea-level and sedimentation have been documented in the stratigraphic record, but the lack of well-constrained data series has made it difficult to rigorously evaluate cyclic (periodic or quasi-periodic) changes at this scale. Here we utilize a new compilation of the coverage area of sedimentary rocks in North America to investigate the dominant modes (“orders”) of stratigraphic variability, and to evaluate potential long-period cyclic changes in sedimentation on the continent during the Phanerozoic. Our analysis resolves two principal temporal modes of variability: (1) a strongly sinusoidal mode with a periodicity of 56Myr+/−3Myr, and (2) a longer-term Phanerozoic mode (the “M-curve”, linked to the Wilson cycle), which is indistinguishable from a stochastic autoregressive process. The newly identified 56Myr cycle in sedimentation delineates most of the cratonic sequences that have previously been identified qualitatively in North America, but here we propose a quantitative redefinition that includes nine distinct units and two mega-sequences. The timing of the 56Myr beat in sedimentation is consistent with an orogenic oscillator source or an oscillatory dynamic in mantle convection, and its tempo is statistically similar to a known rhythm in number of marine animal genera in the global fossil record. Thus, the identification of a significant periodic signal in the sedimentary record of North America provides new evidence for an important tectonic- and/or mantle-scale cyclic process that links both large-scale biological evolution and physical environmental change.

Fibonacci-triple sequences and some fundamental properties

Fibonacci sequence stands as a kind of super sequence with fabulous properties. This note presents Fibonacci-Triple sequences that may also be called 3-F sequences. This is the explosive development in the region of Fibonacci sequence. Our purpose of this paper is to demonstrate fundamental properties of Fibonacci-Triple sequence.

STRATIGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTARY CHARACTERS OF THE WESTERN DEPRESSION,NORTH YELLOW SEA BASIN

There are four depressions and two bulges in the North Yellow Sea Basin.The Western Depression is studied in this paper.Stratigraphy,sedimentary environments and sedimentary facies were studied based on regional geology,wells in Eastern Depression and more than 4 500 km seismic data.There occur three super sequences in the Western Depression,including the upper-Jurassic,lower-Cretaceous,Eocene,Oligocene,Neogene and Quaternary.They are all terrestrial deposits including fluvial,lacustrine and deltaic facies mainly.The total thickness is up to 10 200 metres.There is great petroleum resource potential.