Super Case Research Articles

Classification of bases of twisted affine root supersystems

Following the definition of a root basis of an affine root system, we define a base of the root system R of an affine Lie superalgebra to be a linearly independent subset B of the linear span of R such that \(B\subseteq R\) and each root can be written as a linear combination of elements of B with integral coefficients such that either all coefficients are nonnegative or all coefficients are non-positive. Characterization and classification of bases of root systems of affine Lie algebras are known in the literature; in fact, up to \(\pm 1\)-multiple, each base of an affine root system is conjugate with the standard base under the Weyl group action. In the super case, the existence of those self-orthogonal roots which are not orthogonal to at least one other root, makes the situation more complicated. In this work, we give a complete characterization of bases of the root systems of twisted affine Lie superalgerbas with nontrivial odd part. We precisely describe and classify them.

Controlled release miglitol microspheres formulation development and evaluation

The research explain about Miglitol site in the body and also to achieve and maintain the desired ISD concentration, having 2 hour half-life and low bioavilability. The paper give information about nine formulations formulated by using HPMC K15M, Ethyl cellulose and karaya gum in different proportions. The FTIR Spectra revealed that, there was no interaction between polymers and Miglitol. As the polymer ratio was increased, the mean particle size of Miglitol microspheres was also increased. From the results it can be inferred that there was a proper distribution of Miglitol in the microspheres and the deviation was within the acceptable limits. On the basis of release data and graphical analysis formulation F6 containing HPMC K15M showed a good controlled release profile up to 12hrs with maximum entrapment efficiency because of high polymer concentration and follows zero order kinetics with super case II transport mechanism.

Dastinib nasosponges-formulation development and evaluation

Nanosponges of Dasatinib were prepared by the solvent evaporation technique by employing Ethyl Cellulose, β Cyclodextrin, and poloxamer as rate retarding polymers using PVA as a copolymer. however, at higher ratios, drug crystals were observed on the nanosponge surface. An increase in the drug/polymer ratio (1:3 to 1:1) is in increasing order due to the increase in the concentration of polymer. However, after a particular concentration, it was observed that as the ratio of Drug to polymer was increased, the particle size decreased. The particle size was found in the range of 250- 450 nm. The entrapment efficiency of different formulations was found in the range of 90.56 to 98.32%, by comparing the above dissolution studies of formulations F1-F9. Maximum drug release was found in the F5 formulation containing Drug: β-cyclodextrin in a 1:3 ratio. So F5 formulation was taken as the optimized formulation, and drug release kinetics were performed and which follows zero-order kinetics with super case II transport mechanism.

Enzyme Responsive Vaginal Microbicide Gels Containing Maraviroc and Tenofovir Microspheres Designed for Acid Phosphatase-Triggered Release for Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis of HIV-1: A Comparative Analysis of a Bigel and Thermosensitive Gel.

The challenges encountered with conventional microbicide gels has necessitated the quest for alternative options. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate a bigel and thermosensitive gel, designed to combat the challenges of leakage and short-residence time in the vagina. Ionic-gelation technique was used to formulate maraviroc and tenofovir microspheres. The microspheres were incorporated into a thermosensitive gel and bigel, then evaluated. Enzyme degradation assay was used to assess the effect of the acid phosphatase enzyme on the release profile of maraviroc and tenofovir microspheres. HIV efficacy and cytotoxicity of the microspheres were assessed using HIV-1-BaL virus strain and HeLa cell lines, respectively. Maraviroc and tenofovir release kinetics followed zero-order and Higuchi model kinetics. However, under the influence of the enzyme, maraviroc release was governed by first-order model, while tenofovir followed a super case II transport-mechanism. The altered mode of release and drug transport mechanism suggests a triggered release. The assay of the microspheres suspension on the HeLa cells did not show signs of cytotoxicity. The thermosensitive gel and bigel elicited a progressive decline in HIV infectivity, until at concentrations of 1 μg/mL and 0.1 μg/mL, respectively. The candidate vaginal gels have the potential for a triggered release by the acid phosphatase enzyme present in the seminal fluid, thus, serving as a strategic point to prevent HIV transmission.

Preparation and Optimization of Garlic Oil/Apple Cider Vinegar Nanoemulsion Loaded with Minoxidil to Treat Alopecia

Alopecia areata is a scarless, localized hair loss disorder that is typically treated with topical formulations that ultimately only further irritate the condition. Hence, the goal of this study was to develop a nanoemulsion with a base of garlic oil (GO) and apple cider vinegar (APCV) and loaded with minoxidil (MX) in order to enhance drug solubilization and permeation through skin. A distance coordinate exchange quadratic mixture design was used to optimize the proposed nanoemulsion. Span 20 and Tween 20 mixtures were used as the surfactant, and Transcutol was used as the co-surfactant. The developed formulations were characterized for their droplet size, minoxidil steady-state flux (MX Jss) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Propionibacterium acnes. The optimized MX-GO-APCV nanoemulsion had a droplet size of 110 nm, MX Jss of 3 μg/cm2 h, and MIC of 0.275 μg/mL. The optimized formulation acquired the highest ex vivo skin permeation parameters compared to MX aqueous dispersion, and varying formulations lacked one or more components of the proposed nanoemulsion. GO and APCV in the optimized formulation had a synergistic, enhancing activity on the MX permeation across the skin membrane, and the percent permeated increased from 12.7% to 41.6%. Finally, the MX-GO-APCV nanoemulsion followed the Korsmeyer–Peppas model of diffusion, and the value of the release exponent (n) obtained for the formulations was found to be 1.0124, implying that the MX permeation followed Super case II transport. These results demonstrate that the MX-GO-APCV nanoemulsion formulation could be useful in promoting MX activity in treating alopecia areata.

A new criterion and the limit of blowup solutions for a generalized Davey–Stewartson system

This paper concerns a generalized Davey–Stewartson system, which is one of the basic models in fluid mechanics. Applying a generalization of Lushnikov’s criteria, a new blowup criterion for a Davey–Stewartson system for the super mass-critical case is obtained. For super mass-critical and sub-cubic cases, we also derive the limit of blowup solutions at the blowup time, which mimics the dynamics of scattering solutions.

Curcuma Turmeric Oil Enhanced Anti-Dermatophytic Drug Activity Against Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes.

As per the World Health Organization survey, it has been found that dermatophyte infections are affecting around one-fourth of the world's population. The dermatophytes are commonly keratinophilic in nature which can multiply and invade the keratinized tissues and affect various parts of the human body like nails, skin, and hair. The luliconazole is an antifungal drug utilized against dermatophytes which causes athlete's foot and ringworm etc. fungal infections of the skin or nails caused by Candida albicans (C.P. Robin) Berkhout and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (Robin) Blanchard. The study aimed to develop the luliconazole topical cream with turmeric oil and penetration enhancer to improve permeability and enhance antifungal activity. To prepare the luliconazole topical cream, various compositions of formulation were melted and mixed with varying concentrations of turmeric oil. The oil, drug, and aqueous phases were prepared separately and mixed stepwise in a vessel under continuous stirring at control conditions. The optimized LC2 cream showed pH 6.45±0.12, which is considered suitable to avoid irritation upon topical application. The LC2 cream formulation also showed significantly (p<0.05) more permeability with a permeation flux (0.347 mg/cm2/h) against an aqueous suspension of the drug (0.215 mg/cm2/h). The LC2 cream followed the Higuchi model and showed the drug release from cream via a diffusion mechanism with super case II transport mechanism. Furthermore, the antifungal activity of optimized cream was found better than marketed cream. It is concluded that the prepared luliconazole cream can be an effective anti-fungal treatment with enhanced drug delivery into the skin to treat athlete's foot and ringworm etc. caused by dermatophytes namely C. albicans and Trichophyton spp.

Formulation and Evaluation of colon targeted drug Delivery of Diloxanide furoate Tablets using pH Dependent Polymers

Diloxanide Furoate is a Dichloroacetamide derivative utilized for the treatment of various protozoal infections like amoebiasis. Colon targeted tablets were designed using pH sensitive polymers like Eudragit S100, Eudragit L 100,Cellulose acetate phthallate at different concentrations. All the matrix,compression coated formulations showed the desired physicochemical properties as per the official limits. The drug release studies were performed according to the USP paddle method by using 0.1N HCL for 2 hours, pH 7.4 phosphate buffer for 3 hours and pH 6.8 phosphate buffer upto 18 hours. A better controlled drug release was shown for Eudragit L 100. Based on the comparative drug release studies among different Formulations F9 with Eudragit L 100 polymer showed better control drug release. The release kinetics for the Optimised Formulation F9 was calculated and “r2” value was more for Zero order kinetics i.e.,0.970 indicating that the formulation doesnot depend upon its concentration and from the Korsmeyer peppas model the diffusion exponent value “n” is &gt; 1 indicating that it follows super case II transport mechanism. The accelerated stability studies conducted for optimised formulation F9 for 3 months have no significant variation.

Hyaluronic Acid and Graphene Oxide-incorporated Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels for Electrically Stimulated Release of Anticancer Tamoxifen Citrate

Transdermal drug delivery is the transport of drug across the skin and into the systemic circulation. Patch is a one of transdermal device that is used to attach on skin and contains drug. The drug matrices from hyaluronic acid (HA) and graphene oxide (GO) incorporated HA hydrogel were fabricated for the release of tamoxifen citrate (TMX) as the anticancer drug under applied electrical field. The pristine HA hydrogels as the matrix and GO as the drug encapsulation host were fabricated for transdermal patch by the solution casting using citric acid as the chemical crosslinker. In vitro drug release experiment was investigated by utilizing the modified Franz-diffusion cell under the effects of crosslinking ratio, electric potential, and GO. The TMX release behaviors from the hydrogels were found to be from the three mechanisms: the pure Fickian diffusion; the anomalous or non-Fickian diffusion; and Super case II transport depending on the crosslinking conditions. The TMX diffusion and release amount from the pristine HA hydrogels were increased with smaller crosslinking ratios. With applied electrical potential, the enhanced TMX diffusion and release amount were observed when compared to that without due to the electro-repulsive force. Furthermore, the TMX diffusion from the HA hydrogel with GO as the drug encapsulation host was higher by two orders of magnitude than without GO.

The N = 1 super Heisenberg–Virasoro vertex algebra at level zero

We study the representation theory of the [Formula: see text] super Heisenberg–Virasoro vertex algebra at level zero, which extends the previous work on the Heisenberg–Virasoro vertex algebra [D. Adamović and G. Radobolja, Free field realization of the twisted Heisenberg–Virasoro algebra at level zero and its applications, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 219(10) (2015) 4322–4342; D. Adamović and G. Radobolja, Self-dual and logarithmic representations of the twisted Heisenberg–Virasoro algebra at level zero, Commun. Contemp. Math. 21(2) (2019) 1850008; Y. Billig, Representations of the twisted Heisenberg–Virasoro algebra at level zero, Can. Math. Bull. 46(4) (2003) 529–537] to the super case. We calculated all characters of irreducible highest weight representations by investigating certain Fock space representations. Quite surprisingly, we found that the maximal submodules of certain Verma modules are generated by subsingular vectors. The formulas for singular and subsingular vectors are obtained using screening operators appearing in a study of certain logarithmic vertex algebras [D. Adamović and A. Milas, On W-algebras associated to (2, [Formula: see text]) minimal models and their representations, Int. Math. Res. Notices 2010(20) (2010) 3896–3934].

Fabrication of chitosan–alginate nanospheres for controlled release of cartap hydrochloride

Insecticide cartap hydrochloride (C) was fabricated as nanospheres by a two-step method of ionic gelification and polyelectrolyte complexation of alginate (ALG) and chitosan (CS) to undermine its adverse effects on environment. Nanospheres were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectra and x-ray diffraction. The size of cartap hydrochloride entrapped chitosan alginate nanospheres (C-CS-ALG nps) was in range of 107.58–173.07 nm. Cartap hydrochloride nanospheres showed encapsulation efficiency of 76.19% and were stable for 30 d at ambient temperature. Release of cartap from nanospheres fitted best with first order linear kinetics followed by Hixson and Higuchi model suggesting super case II transport release. With the application of such control release nanoformulations, it is possible to reduce the frequency of field application of insecticide due to its slow release to the target organism, which is economical as well as environmentally safe.

Thermodynamic stability, in-vitro permeability, and in-silico molecular modeling of the optimal Elaeis guineensis leaves extract water-in-oil nanoemulsion

Nanoemulsion is a delivery system used to enhance bioavailability of plant-based compounds across the stratum corneum. Elaeis guineensis leaves are rich source of polyphenolic antioxidants, viz. gallic acid and catechin. The optimal E. guineensis leaves extract water-in-oil nanoemulsion was stable against coalescence, but it was under significant influence of Ostwald ripening over 90 days at 25 °C. The in-vitro permeability revealed a controlled and sustained release of the total phenolic compounds (TPC) of EgLE with a cumulative amount of 1935.0 ± 45.7 µgcm−2 after 8 h. The steady-state flux and permeation coefficient values were 241.9 ± 5.7 µgcm−2 h−1 and 1.15 ± 0.03 cm.h−1, respectively. The kinetic release mechanism for TPC of EgLE was best described by the Korsmeyer–Peppas model due to the highest linearity of R2 = 0.9961, indicating super case II transport mechanism. The in-silico molecular modelling predicted that the aquaporin-3 protein in the stratum corneum bonded preferably to catechin over gallic acid through hydrogen bonds due to the lowest binding energies of − 57.514 kcal/mol and − 8.553 kcal/mol, respectively. Thus, the in-silico study further verified that catechin could improve skin hydration. Therefore, the optimal nanoemulsion could be used topically as moisturizer to enhance skin hydration based on the in-silico prediction.

Matrix tablets based on a novel poly (magnesium acrylate) hydrogel for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases

The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential use of a new polymer (PAMgA) in the development sustained release matrix tablets for the treatment of bowel inflammatory diseases. For this purpose, budesonide, a highly lipophilic compound, was used as model drug. Tablets with two reticulation grades of PAMgA (PAMgA 5 and 40) and with 9 mg of budesonide were developed and characterized. All the studies were carried out using biorelevant media (FaSSGF and FaSSIF).Swelling and erosion of PAMgA tablets was influenced by the reticulation grade of the polymer and the biorelevant media assayed, being water uptake higher for PAMgA 40 tablets in intestinal fluid, whereas PAMgA 5 showed more intense erosion in this biorelevant medium. Budesonide was released slowly from PAMgA tablets, both in gastric and intestinal environment, following Super case II transport kinetics (relaxation-controlled delivery), with a lag time of around 1–2 h. When the dissolution medium was changed sequentially throughout the trial, 75% of the budesonide dose was released in a sustained manner between 4 and 20 h of testing from PAMgA tablets, showing a more controlled budesonide release than Entocort® and Budenofalk® (commercially available sustained release formulations of budesonide). In conclusion, PAMgA polymer allows controlling the release of highly lipophilic drugs as budesonide, being an useful excipient for the development of sustained release matrix tablets.

Evaluation of Drug Release from Carboxymethyl Starch-Xanthan Gum-HPMC Matrix

The use of hydrophilic polymers from natural origin. Especially the polysaccharides have been the focus of current research activity in the design of matrix device due to their non toxic, biocompatible, biodegradable nature and broad regulatory acceptance. A large number of polysaccharides such as Carboxymethyl starch, Xanthan gum, Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), Sodium Alginate etc, have been used as hydrophilic matrices to investigate release behavior of drug. In order to enrich the resources, there is a quest for new polysaccharide owing to their diverse chemical composition and functional groups are amenable to chemical modification and thus tailor made polymeric matrices are obtained which which can be used to modulate oral drug release. The objective of the study is to characterize Verapamil hydrochloride loaded matrix dosage form using hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), xanthan gum, corn starch as rate retarding polymer. Dosage forms were prepared using different polymers along with drug Verapamil hydrochloride. Carboxymethylation was performed. Drug release was evaluated in simulated gastric media. Addition of xanthan gum significantly retarded the burse release of drug. The retardation of drug release was found to be dependent upon the concentration. The formulation composed of HPMC K4M and CS (ARI-ARI3) followed super case transport is swelling controlled, purely relaxation controlled drug delivery.&#x0D; Keywords: Verapamil HCl, Natural gums, xanthan gum, HPMC, sustained release

Formulation development of Temozolomide liposomal formulation in the treatment of Glioma

Temozolomide is an anti-cancer drug; it was encapsulated in liposomal intravenous application. To avoid the side effects and to target the drug to the specific site, we have formulated liposomal formulation of Temozolomide. The liposomal were prepared by dried thin film hydration technique using rotary evaporator with drug and Soya phosphatidyl choline as carrier. The prepared liposomes were characterized for size, shape, % entrapment efficiency, in-vitro drug release and physical stability. The evaluated batches showed good physicochemical characteristics. The maximum encapsulation efficiency of Temozolomide was achieved with formulation TMZ 6 with 40.19% and the in-vitro drug release is 64.94%. Based on the results it can be concluded that TMZ 6 was selected as optimized formulation and the optimized formulation Optimized formulation follows zero order release kinetics and follow super case II transport when it applied to Korsmeyer-Pepps model for mechanism of drug release.

Acitretin Loaded Nanocarrier Gel: Formulation and Exploration of In-vitro Release Kinetics

Background: The present study intended to design and evaluate Acitretin (ACT) loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) for the management of psoriasis through topical application. Psoriasis is an autoimmune disorder that affects the skin and is characterized by irritation, red flaky patches over different parts of the body. ACT is an analog of vitamin A that is used for the management of psoriasis via the oral route. The prime demerit associated with oral route delivery of a drug is the teratogenic effect associated with the active molecule and side effects like dry mouth, runny nose, hair loss, taste changes, chapped lips, etc. that are the major contributing factors of reduced patient compliance. Objective: The objective of the present research work was to develop a topical formulation of ACT. Developing topical formulation for the same can result in enhanced patient compliance and can be worth compared to the marketed oral formulation of the drug. Methods: ACT loaded NLCs were prepared by hot homogenization method using oleic acid as a liquid lipid and stearic acid as a solid lipid in a 7:3 ratio along with the combination of a non-ionic surfactant (Tween 80) and an anionic surfactant (sodium lauryl sulphate). Results: In several optimization experiments, formulation F3 was found to be most appropriate for formulating gel. Morphological information obtained from SEM reinforced the formation of particles with nearly spherical morphology. The optimized formulation had a mean diameter of 363 nm, as founded by Zetasizer. XRD studies affirmed that the formulation exhibits amorphous nature, which is an essential character of NLC. An optimized formulation was further incorporated in the gel by using Carbopol 940P as a gelling agent. In vitro release studies indicated 96.85 ± 2% release in 8 hours with Korsmeyer- Peppas model release kinetics. The observed n value1.391 for drug release for F3G2 bespeak Super case II transport may be the result of sorption of the drug from the surface of NLC that is controlled by stress-induced relaxation which occurs at the boundary of the swollen shell. Conclusion: In vitro characterization of ACT (Acitretin) loaded NLC supports the objective that NLC can serve as a potential carrier for topical delivery of ACT and can also reduce oral toxicity associated with drug after stringent evaluation in the near future.

Lane-Emden equations perturbed by nonhomogeneous potential in the super critical case

Abstract Our purpose of this paper is to study positive solutions of Lane-Emden equation − Δ u = V u p i n R N ∖ { 0 } $$\begin{array}{} -{\it\Delta} u = V u^p\quad {\rm in}\quad \mathbb{R}^N\setminus\{0\} \end{array}$$ (0.1) perturbed by a non-homogeneous potential V when p ∈ [ p c , N + 2 N − 2 ) , $\begin{array}{} p\in [p_c, \frac{N+2}{N-2}), \end{array}$ where pc is the Joseph-Ludgren exponent. When p ∈ ( N N − 2 , p c ) , $\begin{array}{} p\in (\frac{N}{N-2}, p_c), \end{array}$ the fast decaying solution could be approached by super and sub solutions, which are constructed by the stability of the k-fast decaying solution wk of −Δ u = up in ℝ N ∖ {0} by authors in [9]. While the fast decaying solution wk is unstable for p ∈ ( p c , N + 2 N − 2 ) , $\begin{array}{} p\in (p_c, \frac{N+2}{N-2}), \end{array}$ so these fast decaying solutions seem not able to disturbed like (0.1) by non-homogeneous potential V. A surprising observation that there exists a bounded sub solution of (0.1) from the extremal solution of − Δ u = u N + 2 N − 2 $\begin{array}{} -{\it\Delta} u = u^{\frac{N+2}{N-2}} \end{array}$ in ℝ N and then a sequence of fast decaying solutions and slow decaying solutions could be derived under appropriated restrictions for V.

Bacterial Cellulose/Chitosan Hydrogels Synthesized In situ for Biomedical Application

Objective: Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a biopolymer whose application has been limited due to the difficulty to introduce modifiable functional groups onto its network. The present study introduces new functional groups from chitosan (Chs) by in-situ method and further modified by crosslinking with genipin (Gp), a non-toxic agent. Methodology and Results: Bacterial cellulose-chitosan (BC-Chs) hydrogels were synthesized insitu, dried, immersed in genipin (Gp) solution to yield BC-Chs crosslinked hydrogel (BC-Chs-Gp) and characterized. The presence of amide 1 and II and crosslinking with genipin was revealed by FT-IR and SEM showed BC-Chs-Gp had a compact fibril network. Low tensile strength, less swelling ratio and moisture were exhibited by BC-Chs-Gp due to crosslinking. Hydrogels were active against E. coli and S. aureus. In vitro drug release studies of hydrogels using quetiapine fumarate followed the Higuchi model with a super case II transport mechanism and non-Fickian for BC-Chs-Gp. Conclusion and Application of findings. The present study utilized non-pathogenic bacteria, G. Xylinus and a natural resource (coconut) to obtain non-toxic and biocompatible hydrogels. BCChs hydrogels were prepared by simple and direct in-situ method by the introduction of Chs onto the growing network of BC and subsequently crosslinked using genipin by ex-situ modification method. The properties of the hydrogels in term of swelling ratio, moisture content, tensile strength, antibacterial activity, and their controlled drug release ability make them suitable for potential application in biomedicine, especially in transdermal patches as wound dressing and wound healing agents. Keywords: Bacterial cellulose; Chitosan; Genipin; Biocompatibility; mechanical properties.

Effect of sewage sludge ash contents on the performance of thermo-sensitive hydrogel as draw agent for forward osmosis application

In this study, a novel and environmentally friendly technology for sludge incineration ash disposal was developed. We proposed to enhance the performance of thermo-sensitive hydrogel as draw agent for forward osmosis (FO) application by loading sewage sludge ash (SSA). The effect of SSA contents on the swelling and deswelling properties and FO performance of the hydrogels was evaluated. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and diffusion model were applied to characterize a series of hydrogels with various SSA contents (0–4.5 wt%). The results showed that as the SSA increased, the swelling ratio of hydrogel and the water flux of SSA-hydrogel-based FO increased initially and then declined. This was due to the combined effects of hydrogen bonding and high-density crosslinking within the hydrogels. In addition, the water diffusion mechanism of all hydrogels was super Case II diffusion type. Furthermore, the SSA-loaded hydrogels not only had excellent swelling property but also exhibited good deswelling performance (water recovery ratios of them were almost 90% at 60 °C water bath for 5 min). Moreover, all hydrogels in this study showed promising reusability with almost no flux drop in four consecutive FO permeation-regeneration cycles.

Formulation development and characterization of eplerenone insitu oralgels

Gastro retentive drug delivery systems have been widely used to prolong the retention of dosage forms in the stomach. Among the various approaches, the floating in-situ gelling formulation offers sustained drug release as well as prolonged gastric retention, along with the added advantage of the liquid oral dosage form. The present study was an attempt to formulate and evaluate floating in situ gel of Eplerenone by using various polymers like Xanthan gum, Carbopol, HPMC K100M, and Karaya gum which undergoes pH dependant sol-gel transition at gastric pH, thereby prolonging the retention of the system in the stomach. Sodium alginate a natural polymer was employed as a gelling agent where Gelation is triggered by the source of calcium ions in the form of calcium carbonate. Drug and polymers were subjected for compatibility study using FTIR studies, which revealed that there was no interaction between drugs and polymers. The evaluation was carried out for invitro parameters such as gelling nature, Total floating time, drug content, viscosity, &amp; in vitro dissolution studies. Among all the formulations, the F12 formulation containing HPMC K100M was chosen as an optimized formulation that shows maximum drug release by the end of 12hrs and has excellent floating characteristics and gastric retention. From kinetic studies, the optimized formulation shows zero-order release with super case II transport mechanism.