Super Block Research Articles

Image copy-move forgery detection based on dynamic threshold with dense points

Copy-move tampering is one of the most popular tampering techniques at present. The tampered region of the image has good fusion with the original image, which increases the difficulty of detection. After years of research, the current detection method based on key points still has the following problems: 1) Failure to achieve forgery detection of small areas/self-similar areas/smooth areas, 2) Lack of reasonable feature point extraction methods, 3) The various stages of copy-move forgery detection (CMFD) work are relatively independent and lack close connections, 4) A fixed threshold is used as the region of interest similarity metric in the matching and localization stages. The failure to consider tampered images and the diversity of tampered regions leads to the limited detection capability of the algorithm. Considering the actual situation of tampering with the picture, to solve the above problems, we propose a copy-move forgery detection method based on the dynamic threshold. First, we determine the point extraction strategy in each super pixel block according to the size of the simple line interface calculation (SLIC) super pixel block and the Weber local descriptor (WLD) descriptor to ensure the reasonable allocation of feature points and reduce unnecessary points. These key points are then characterized by the scaling, flip and rotation invariants of the fractional general Jacobi-Fourier moments (FJFMs). Then, the matching and mismatch filtering thresholds of each feature point are determined through the WLD and SLIC features, and the SLIC feature is used to replace the distance threshold to improve the detection accuracy of small manufacturing areas. Finally, based on the matching results and SLIC features, an effective positioning method is proposed to improve the speed and accuracy of positioning. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is superior to the classic methods in recent years in terms of time and accuracy.

ANALGESIC EFFICACY OF BILATERAL SUPERFICIAL CERVICAL PLEXUS BLOCK ADMINISTERED BEFORE THYROID SURGERY UNDER GENERAL ANAESTHESIA – A CASE SERIES

Background: Thyroid surgery is moderately painful, but is increasingly being considered as a day- care procedure also Thyroid surgery is associated with increased incidence of Post operative Nausea and Vomiting. Bilateral supercial cervical plexus block (BSCPB) provides an adjuvant technique in view of adequate post operative pain relief and increase the time for rst requirement of rescue analgesia. Place And Duration Of Study: Department of Anaesthesia , Government Nagapattinam Medical College and Hospital, Nagapattinam- 611001 ( August 2021 to June 2022). 35 patients with euthyroid status undergoing total thyroidectomy were gi Methods: ven Bilateral supercial cervical plexus block with 10 ml of 0.25% Bupivacaine 5ml each side after induction of General Anaesthesia. Primary outcome was time of requirement of rst rescue analgesic in the postoperative period. Secondary outcomes were visual analogue scale (VAS) scores at 0, 4, and 8 hrs and incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV ). Bilateral Supercial Cervical ple Results: xus Block given after induction General anaesthesia and Before skin incision effectively reduced the post operative pain in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy.

FPNet: A Deep Light-Weight Interpretable Neural Network Using Forward Prediction Filtering for Efficient Single Image Super Resolution

The requirements of light-weight and low-power of portable devices in applications involving super resolution make it necessary to design the underlying algorithms with small number of parameters. In this paper, based on the idea of forward prediction of adaptive signal processing, a novel super block is developed for the task of image super resolution by a light-weight neural network. The design of the super block is based on using a sequence of dense residual blocks and recalibrating their outputs by a squeeze-and-excitation unit, in order to implement the idea of forward prediction. It is shown that a network that employs our super block provides a performance superior to that of the other light-weight deep networks for the task of image super resolution.

Numerical analysis of fatigue crack growth under SuperBlock2020 load sequence

The components are usually submitted to variable amplitude loading, and it is important to understand the mechanisms explaining fatigue crack growth (FCG) rate variations. The relative importance of residual stresses and crack closure, in particular, is a controversial issue. This work studies a specific load pattern, called Super Block 2020, composed of four pairs of load blocks of different amplitude (A, B, C and D) and the same maximum load, separated by overloads. The transition from the overloads to the constant amplitude load blocks occurred alternatively from the maximum or minimum loads of the overload cycles. These patterns, called i1 and i2 for load blocks i (i = A, B, C or D), produce different residual stresses ahead of crack tip. A numerical procedure was followed to predict FCG rate in the 2024-T351 aluminium alloy, based on cumulative plastic strain. This approach includes the effects of material hardening, crack tip blunting, crack closure and partial crack closure. A significant difference was found between FCG rate and crack increments produced by i1 and i2 load blocks. The numerical predictions are according the experimental trends and crack closure was found to be the main mechanism behind FCG trends.

Temporal challenges of building a circular city district through living-lab experiments

ABSTRACT Urban living lab (ULL) experiments are expected to create grounds for circular city transitions but their temporal dynamics remain understudied. This study investigates the linkages of a particular sanitation experiment to a long-term urban development trajectories in the Hiedanranta ULL in the City of Tampere, Finland. The ethnographical study focuses on the temporal matches and mismatches of three interrelated timescales affecting the transformative potential of the experiment: (1) the experiment’s life cycle, (2) the brownfield ULL and (3) the formal land-use planning of the future city district. Temporal analysis showed that the creation of transformative capacity requires a long development trajectory beyond a single experiment. In this case, the long-term development of R&D networks and the persistence and maturation of the ULL with its variety of co-developing experiments enabled experiment implementation; changed the city’s sustainability discourse; and nurtured prominent cross-sectoral initiative of a super block. However, further implementation of ULL innovations in urban planning has proven to be difficult without a clear orchestrator. Practical recommendations highlight the need to clarify the strategic role of the ULL in experimental governance, transparent ULL processes that support learning, and overcoming transition barriers in the rigid infrastructure sector.

ANALISIS DAMPAK TARIKAN KENDARAAN DI PUSAT PERBELANJAAN CIREBON SUPER BLOCK KOTA CIREBON

Cirebon Super Block (CSB) Mall is a fairly solid place to sell goods in the city of Cirebon. With the establishment of the Cirebon Super Block (CSB) in the city of Cirebon, it will cause vehicle traction on the roads around the Cirebon Super Block (CSB) and will increase traffic volume. The construction of these shopping centers also has an impact on the surrounding road sections, namely in the form of a reduction in the level of service (LOS) which at a certain point will cause congestion. This is due to increased movement due to increased commercial activities or activities on these roads. Travel attraction is a modeling stage that estimates the amount of movement originating from a zone or land use and the amount of movement attracted to a land use or zone. Cirebon Super Block Mall has generated quite a lot of vehicle traction on the Cipto Mangunkusumo road. The biggest vehicle pull on Jalan Cipto Mangunkusumo occurred on weekends (Sundays) at 17.00-18.00 which was 687.6 pcu / hour where the volume of vehicles on Jalan Cipto Mangunkusumo 3086.4 pcu / hour had an impact of 22.3%.

Perancangan SPK Dalam Penentuan Kelayakan Perpanjangan Kontrak Kerja Karyawan PT.WBL Devisi Operasional Menggunakan Metode Profile Matching

Private companies currently tend to implement contract systems in all divisions and subdivisions. PT.Wulandari Bangun Laksana(WBL)/ Balikpapan Super Block(BSB) operational scope of the implementation of the contract recruitment system up to several times the contract extension so that the employee is eligible to be appointed as permanent employees. During the extension of the work contract, the operational supervisory supervisor carries out an analysis process in determining the eligibility of employees to be accepted as permanent employees. In order to produce the expected assessment, a mechanism and modeling process is needed that can be processed by a system and evaluation and analysis process carried out by the operational supervisor. This study aims to build a decision support system in determining the feasibility of extending the PT.WBL/Balikpapan Super Block(BSB) employee contract based on good and effective performance objectively using the profile matching method. Decision support system is a technique for using the system in managing the evaluation process by the decision maker (supervisor). The implementation of the profile matching method is the application of a method that can handle the appraisal process based on evaluation of criteria and the value of preferences towards employee alternatives. The data processed is employee data in the scope of the operational division Balikapan Super Block(BSB). The results of the evaluation carried out produce an alternative weight of employees, which can be used as consideration in making decisions on the feasibility of extending the work contract or being appointed as permanent employees. Based on the evaluation process of the criteria and alternatives carried out, it is expected to produce decision values ​​and modeling processes with high accuracy values.

Target recognition method of green pepper harvesting robot based on manifold ranking

In order to solve the problem of the recognition of green pepper harvesting robot in the near color background, a target recognition method based on manifold ranking is proposed in this paper. After pepper image enhancement by the local contrast enhancement algorithm, super-pixels extracted via energy-driven sampling (SEEDS) is used to construct super-pixel blocks of the enhanced image, the upper, lower, left and right boundary query nodes are used to query the boundary of the super pixel block image respectively. Then the manifold ranking is used to sort the image boundaries to obtain four saliency maps, and the final saliency map is obtained by fusion. Finally, the noise is removed by morphological operations and the contour of green pepper target is obtained to realize the recognition of green pepper in complex environment. Compared with classification and regression tree (CART), conditional random fields (CRF) and threshold, the proposed method can effectively identify the green pepper target, with the recognition accuracy of 83.6% and recall rate of 81.2%. The performance index is obviously better than the other three methods, which can meet the requirements of the actual operation of the harvesting robot.

Multiblock global orthogonal projections to latent structures for fault diagnosis

Although decentralized fault diagnosis based on multiblock regression models has achieved remarkable results, block information calculated at super block level by most traditional methods does not accurately address the subblock information. To address this information, multiblock diagnosis at block level was proposed, however, the model is complicated and fails to diagnose the output faults caused by external interference and/or noise. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a new fault diagnosis method based on multiblock global orthogonal projections to latent structures (MBGOPLS) to comprehensively diagnose process faults with a simple diagnosis scheme. This framework 1) obtains the full block/subblock output-related information using multiblock modified orthogonal projections to latent structures at block level, 2) combines all block/subblock output-unrelated information into a whole to establish appropriate output-unrelated statistics, and 3) further analyzes the input-unrelated information to diagnose input-unrelated faults. Thus, the proposed MBGOPLS results in a simpler model while retaining output-related and output-unrelated fault diagnosis ability, and capable of diagnosis in input-unrelated faults. A numerical example and a case study on a Tennessee Eastman process demonstrate the validity and superiority of the proposed method with respect to existing approaches.

Patch Based Video Summarization With Block Sparse Representation

In recent years, sparse representation has been successfully utilized for video summarization (VS). However, most of the sparse representation based VS methods characterize each video frame with global features. As a result, some important local details could be neglected by global features, which may compromise the performance of summarization. In this paper, we propose to partition each video frame into a number of patches and characterize each patch with global features. Instead of concatenating the features of each patch and utilizing conventional sparse representation, we formulate the VS problem with such video frame representation as block sparse representation by considering each video frame as a block containing a number of patches. By taking the reconstruction constraint into account, we devise a simultaneous version of block-based OMP (Orthogonal Matching Pursuit) algorithm, namely SBOMP, to solve the proposed model. The proposed model is further extended to a neighborhood based model which considers temporally adjacent frames as a super block. This is one of the first sparse representation based VS methods taking both spatial and temporal contexts into account with blocks. Experimental results on two widely used VS datasets have demonstrated that our proposed methods present clear superiority over existing sparse representation based VS methods and are highly comparable to some deep learning ones requiring supervision information for extra model training.

Models of steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) steam chamber expanding velocity in double horizontal wells and its application

The development of steam chamber can be used to evaluate steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) performance. The velocity of steam chamber expanding is the key parameter for evaluating the development of steam chamber. Based on SAGD technology theory and heat transfer theory, two calculation model methods, observation well temperature method and steam chamber edge method for estimating the horizontal expanding velocity of steam chamber, were presented. Through analyzing the monitoring data and numerical simulation results of a typical super heavy oil block developed by SAGD in Fengcheng oilfield in Xinjiang, NW China, the development patterns of steam chamber and temperature variation law in the observation well at different stages are determined. The observed temperature data was used to calculate steam chamber expanding velocity. The calculated chamber velocity at different time was applied to predict the temperature distribution of oil drainage zone at the edge of steam chamber and SAGD oil rate. The results indicate that temperature function of high temperature zone in the observation well temperature curve has a linear relationship with measuring depth. The characteristic section can be used to calculate key parameters such as the angle of the drainage interface, expanding edge and velocity of steam chamber. The field production data verify that the results of the two proposed methods of steam chamber growth are reliable and practical, which can provide theoretical support for the efficient development of SAGD.

Highly Porous β-TCP Block with Triple Pore Structure in Rat Subcutaneous Tissue and Sheep Iliac Critical Bone Defect

Bio-absorbable materials have been strongly needed in bone regenerative surgery. β-TCP ceramics have been widely used as bone tissue scaffold materials, due to their bio-compatibility and bio-degradation. The aims of this study are to estimate blood permeation into different porous β-TCP blocks (75% and 67% in porosity), and to evaluate the behaviors of the 75% porous β-TCP block in rat subcutaneous tissue and sheep iliac bone defect by histological observation and 3-dimensional (3D) imaging analysis by μ-CT. The 75% β-TCP block revealed better performance in blood permeation than the 67% β-TCP in a dish including 3ml of sheep blood at 2 and 10 minutes. Almost area of the 75% β-TCP block turned to red at 10 minutes. In rat subcutaneous tissue, the bulk region of the 75% β-TCP was stained with HE. TRAP-positive multinucleated giant cells appeared on the surface of bulk at 4 weeks. In sheep iliac bone defect (10×15×9 mm3) model, μ-CT showed bone ingrowth into almost pores of the 75% β-TCP block at 2 months, and the block was absorbed and replaced by new bone until 4 months. The block was reduced to one-third in horizontal length and from 10 mm to 4 mm in vertical length at 2 months by 3D images. Body fluid stained by HE was found in the bulk region. We believe the body fluid permeation inside the bulk of the 75% porous β-TCP should contribute to the initial cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation, and its biodegradation. It was concluded that the super porous β-TCP block with hydrophilic property might be a biological scaffold, harmonized with bone remodeling.

THE SUSTAINABLE MICRO-SCALE MOVEMENT OF COMMUNITIES: CASE STUDIES OF SUBDIVIDED DEVELOPMENT AND ADAPTIVE REUSE OF SHARED SPACE IN NEW YORK CITY

1. INTRODUCTION In New York City a decline in manufacturing has propelled social and economic changes that have transformed certain districts [1,2]. Unused building stock there has been the basis for adaptive reuse yielding new housing for families of varying compositions. The constant pressure of the need for affordable housing has resulted in the conversion of existing abandoned industrial structures, providing a green, environmentally friendly alternative to new construction [3,4,5]. Adaptive reuse provides an opportunity to bring a building up to current codes, to make the layout and building systems more appropriate and efficient, and to help revitalize neighborhoods. The nineteenth through the middle of the twentieth centuries were characterized by urban environments which provided manufacturing jobs and the municipal services and education that supported them [6]. American cities such as Detroit, Cleveland, and Pittsburgh became boom-towns as people followed employment opportunities and moved to these locations throughout this period [7,8,9]. In the decades after World War II, the creation of highways and freeways–including the interstate highway system that stretched east to west and north to south–led to suburbanization, exemplified by Long Island's mushrooming Levit-town and many more like it [5,10]. These were the Baby Boom years. The suburban sprawl ultimately resulted in the creation of mega cities like New York City. Families typically consisted of a father, mother, and at least two children [16]. This trend was supported by strong manufacturing industries and plentiful space that allowed much of the population to fulfill the American dream of home ownership [2,11]. As labor cost increased due to stricter labor laws, unions, increasing land cost, and higher taxes, many manufacturers began a search for less costly environments, moving first to locations in the less expensive suburbs and then to the South [4,8]. Eventually, American factories moved overseas to places such as China, other Asian countries, and South America. This became known as out sourcing manufacturing [6,7,12]. With the subsequent boom town collapse that began in the 1980s and continued through the new millennium, old U.S. industrial cities faced declining populations, and Detroit, Cleveland, Pittsburgh, and their like were soon deserted by those who could no longer find employment there [14,40]. City populations decreased by as much as 50% and in some places even more steeply [13]. According to the U.S. Census (figure 1) [13,14], among American cities only New York City's and Los Angeles's populations have grown since the 1980s. Migration for employment opportunities became common and members per household, and households of one or two became not uncommon [15,16]. Typical housing no longer required a big space for shelter and a lawn or garden, and many people looked for smaller units [11,16]. Smaller working spaces made micro-scale businesses possible. New York City is an example of this change. Left with abandoned super block manufacturing buildings such as the Brooklyn Navy Yard and Brooklyn Army Terminal and retired infrastructure, New York City has looked for ways to repurpose these structures [10,17]. Super block, old manufacturing buildings and factories still stand, but in New York and elsewhere some have become mixed-use spaces. The goal of this paper is to examine how New York City served the public by providing working and living space through the conversion of existing super block buildings and creating new public spaces out of under-used or abandoned infrastructure. Comparative case studies are conducted focusing on the micro-scale movement and renewed use of old infrastructure. It considers a future model for sub-divided building spaces and repurposed structures providing shared, public venues as it analyzes this movement structurally and the changes it has wrought on local communities.

A data-driven superblock-based flash translation layer

Flash translation layer (FTL) is an intermediate software layer used to hide the annoying characters of NAND flash memory and simulate the flash memory as hard disk. An efficient FTL scheme can improve the performance of NAND flash storage memory system significantly. This paper proposes a novel data-driven superblock-based FTL scheme called DSFTL, in which a super block is formed by several logical blocks according to characters of the data to be written during actual operating process. In the proposed FTL scheme, logical blocks are allocated to super blocks in an on-demand fashion to postpone the process of garbage collection. And a combination process was proposed to provide empty blocks for the flash memory. The experimental results show that our scheme has remarkable improvement on garbage collection overhead and wear-leveling compared with the previous work.

PrORAM

Oblivious RAM (ORAM) is an established technique to hide the access pattern to an untrusted storage system. With ORAM, a curious adversary cannot tell what address the user is accessing when observing the bits moving between the user and the storage system. All existing ORAM schemes achieve obliviousness by adding redundancy to the storage system, i.e., each access is turned into multiple random accesses. Such redundancy incurs a large performance overhead. Although traditional data prefetching techniques successfully hide memory latency in DRAM based systems, it turns out that they do not work well for ORAM because ORAM does not have enough memory bandwidth available for issuing prefetch requests. In this paper, we exploit ORAM locality by taking advantage of the ORAM internal structures. While it might seem apparent that obliviousness and locality are two contradictory concepts, we challenge this intuition by exploiting data locality in ORAM without sacrificing security. In particular, we propose a dynamic ORAM prefetching technique called PrORAM (Dynamic Prefetcher for ORAM) and comprehensively explore its design space. PrORAM detects data locality in programs at runtime, and exploits the locality without leaking any information on the access pattern. Our simulation results show that with PrORAM, the performance of ORAM can be significantly improved. PrORAM achieves an average performance gain of 20% over the baseline ORAM for memory intensive benchmarks among Splash2 and 5.5% for SPEC06 workloads. The performance gain for YCSB and TPCC in DBMS benchmarks is 23.6% and 5% respectively. On average, PrORAM offers twice the performance gain than that offered by a static super block scheme.

From super block to small block: urban form transformation and its road network impacts in Chenggong, China

Super block and giant road networks have been a dominant form of China’s new town development. This may lead to numerous urban problems, such as high automobile dependency, heavy traffic congestion, and unwalkable communities. In recent years, the transformation of superblocks to a new urban form with human-scale blocks and fine-grain grid road networks in certain cities in China has drawn much attention. Despite its recent positive attention, the following important questions have been raised: How will the transformation impact road network capacity? How will the changes contribute to transportation carbon emission (CE) reduction or increase? How will cities deal with rearranging the cost structure among the different stakeholders in road construction, maintenance, and management? Related factors and approaches for a solution to such issues are discussed in this study, followed by further analysis using a case study of the core area of Chenggong, a new town in Kunming, China. The study shows that concern about a negative impact on road network capacity is unfounded. Estimation using empirical data from other cities shows that a significant CE reduction is likely to be achieved; and through reasonable cost restructuring and management, a win-win situation is possible for all road construction, maintenance, and management stakeholders. Thus, an optimized societal cost-benefit arrangement can be reached through the transformation.

Auxiliary stream for optimizing memory access of video decoders

Due to the ever increasing resolution and frame rate of mainstream video sequences, memory access has become the main performance bottleneck of video decoding. To reduce the required off-chip memory, many decoders employ on-chip cache. However, they cannot distinguish whether a data block is reusable due to the lack of the information of undecoded Macro Blocks (MBs), thus often evicting reusable data from the cache and preserving non-reusable data in the cache, which will lead to a waste of off-chip memory bandwidth. In this paper, we manage to make full use of cache from a novel perspective, i.e., auxiliary bitstream. Concretely speaking, since the memory access behavior of video decoding is determined in video encoding, the encoder can pack the memory access behaviors of video decoding as auxiliary bitstream, which can inform the decoder whether a data block will be reused by future MBs. Hence, such an auxiliary stream can enable optimal management of cache. To effectively reduce the size of auxiliary bitstream, we propose an Auxiliary Prior Information Coding (APIC) method complying with the current video standards. For future video standards, we introduce a Super Block scan Order (SBO) for MB organization to further reduce the bitrate overhead of auxiliary bitstream. The above ideas are evaluated on a number of representative video sequences. The additional prior information can reduce the required off-chip memory bandwidth for motion compensation by over 35% (for a 60 kB cache), while only causing less than 2.3% bitrate increase for high definition (HD) videos.

Gauge Theories on ALE Space and Super Liouville Correlation Functions

We present a relation between \({\mathcal{N}=2}\) quiver gauge theories on the ALE space \({\mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{P}^1}(-2)}\) and correlators of \({\mathcal{N}=1}\) super Liouville conformal field theory, providing checks in the case of punctured spheres and tori. We derive a blow-up formula for the full Nekrasov partition function and show that, up to a U(1) factor, the \({\mathcal{N}=2^*}\) instanton partition function is given by the product of the character of \({\widehat{SU}(2)_2}\) times the super Virasoro conformal block on the torus with one puncture. Moreover, we match the perturbative gauge theory contribution with super Liouville three-point functions.

Multiblock principal component analysis: an efficient tool for analyzing metabolomics data which contain two influential factors

Principal component analysis (PCA) is probably one of the most used methods for exploratory data analysis. However, it may not be always effective when there are multiple influential factors. In this paper, the use of multiblock PCA for analysing such types of data is demonstrated through a real metabolomics study combined with a series of data simulating two underlying influential factors with different types of interactions based on 2 × 2 experiment designs. The performance of multiblock PCA is compared with those of PCA and also ANOVA-PCA which is another PCA extension developed to solve similar problems. The results demonstrate that multiblock PCA is highly efficient at analysing such types of data which contain multiple influential factors. These models give the most comprehensive view of data compared to the other two methods. The combination of super scores and block scores shows not only the general trends of changing caused by each of the influential factors but also the subtle changes within each combination of the factors and their levels. It is also highly resistant to the addition of ‘irrelevant’ competing information and the first PC remains the most discriminant one which neither of the other two methods was able to do. The reason of such property was demonstrated by employing a 2 × 3 experiment designs. Finally, the validity of the results shown by the multiblock PCA was tested using permutation tests and the results suggested that the inherit risk of over-fitting of this type of approach is low.

Instantons and 2d superconformal field theory

A recently proposed correspondence between 4-dimensional N=2 SUSY SU(k) gauge theories on R^4/Z_m and SU(k) Toda-like theories with Z_m parafermionic symmetry is used to construct four-point N=1 super Liouville conformal block, which corresponds to the particular case k=m=2. The construction is based on the conjectural relation between moduli spaces of SU(2) instantons on R^4/Z_2 and algebras like \hat{gl}(2)_2\times NSR. This conjecture is confirmed by checking the coincidence of number of fixed points on such instanton moduli space with given instanton number N and dimension of subspace degree N in the representation of such algebra.