Sunda Strait Research Articles

PENDAMPINGAN MANAJEMEN USAHA UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN UMKM SELEUD DI SAWO JAJAR KOTA MALANG

UMKM are one of the important economic sectors in Indonesia. The fact is that UMKM have played an important role in the Indonesian economy to date. When Covid 19 became a global problem, it happened in 2019. This virus spread to various countries, one of which is Indonesia. One of the economic impacts felt by UMKM players is a decrease in sales turnover. Development of Managerial Insights is a course whose program teaches students to do community service. Which activity is a form of training in the form of Community Service. This community service aims to help UMKM to increase sales. With this problem, we are the students at the Malang State University Master of Management who carry out this service activity which will be carried out from the beginning of September 2022 to the end of November 2022 at UMKM Seleud, which is addressed at Jl. Sunda Strait II D3/24 Sawojajar Malang city. The methods used in socialization and education activities include identifying work programs, training, and mentoring. The results of this series of community service activities are the development of attractive product logos, making business logos, more modern marketing, payments via QRIS and getting distributors hydroponic raw materials.

IDSL for Tsunami Early Warning System in Indonesia

The Inexpensive Device for Sea Level measurement (IDSL) has been implemented for tsunami monitoring and early warning in the Mediterranean regions. Following the events of 2018 Palu and the Sunda Strait Tsunami, The MMAF, JRC-EC, IATsI, and BMKG worked together and installed eight (8) units of IDSL in Indonesia starting from January 2019. This paper discusses the concept of IDSL, the installation and the operation in the last 18 months and its potential use as tsunami early warning system in Indonesia. We concluded that IDSL and other similar systems could strengthen the existing TEWS in Indonesia considering its reliability in delivering the alerts in real-time with the characteristics of short distance tsunami and the presence of small islands, low costs in installation and maintenance that may guarantee the sustainability of the system.

Risk Communication Model in Facing Tsunami Disaster Through Stakeholder Engagement

Umang Beach Club Private Island Resort is located in Sumur village, Pandeglang district, Banten. It has a very unique location, located at two sources of potential tsunamis. The first is Seismic, which is at the center of the megathrust of the Sunda Strait. The second, namely Unsesmic, is located at a distance of about 70km from Mount Anak Krakatu. This study aims to find a risk communication model in dealing with tsunami natural disasters through stakeholder engagement. This research uses descriptive qualitative method and data collection by interview, documentation and observation. Interviews were conducted with Umang Beach Club Private Island Resort, local government and disaster-related institutions, Sumur village communities, disaster communities as well as tsunami and risk management experts. The results of the study found a risk communication model in dealing with tsunami natural disasters through stakeholder engagement. Risk communication needs to be carried out in a systematic and planned manner and integrated with all stakeholders involved with disasters to reduce disaster risk.

Panimbang Coastal Area Planning based on Disaster Mitigation

As an attempt in the improvement of economic interest and areal quality, Sunda Strait is appointed as a National Strategic Area. The strait is quite a busy passage for commerce vessels and also acts as link between provinces. The 2018 tsunami event that affect this area has reminded us the importance of coastal area planning based on disaster mitigation. Panimbang District is one of the areas heavily affected by the tsunami, where the population reside and having their livelihoods around the coast, hence coastal area planning of Panimbang is very much needed. This research was conducted to see the condition of Panimbang District coastal area after the tsunami and how the existing national planning policies is in sync with planning policies at regional level in terms of disaster mitigation. Results of spatial analysis show that coastal areas have not adapted and mitigated optimally, we can see some settlements and tourist areas around coastal area are not heeding the policy on protecting coastal areas, this could happened due to lack of law enforcement or lack of socialization to the local community. This paper might provide recommendation to the local government in arranging coastal protection to keep the residential areas and essential infrastructure safe by making the structural and non-structural approaches.

Analysis of physical dimensions in tsunami disaster resilience in Tanjung Lesung Special Economic Zone, Indonesia

The Tanjung Lesung Special Economic Zone (SEZ) is a tourism area close to faults and active volcanoes. This location causes the Tanjung Lesung SEZ to have a high tsunami threat. In 2018, this area became an area affected by the Sunda Strait tsunami, which caused various losses, including casualties. This study aimed to examine the physical characteristics of the Tanjung Lesung coastal area, which has a tsunami threat. The physical characteristics in the research are elements that can affect the resilience of the tsunami disaster on the Tanjung Lesung coast. These include land use, topography, evacuation routes, and settlement conditions. This study used primary and secondary data obtained through government agencies and a field survey in 2021. The overlay analysis method on GIS was used to provide a spatial explanation of the physical characteristics of tsunami-prone areas. The study results showed that shrubs, a slope of 2-15%, and a height of 5-25 m above sea level dominate the area with the category of dangerous and very dangerous levels. The results also explained that there are settlements with wooden wall structures and cement floors located in very dangerous areas (with an area of 32.06 ha) and dangerous areas (with an area of 11.62 ha). Based on the analysis, there are three distinct categories in the research area. All three categories require coastal boundary planning that considers the tsunami threat to increase disaster resilience. The research results can be used to increase disaster resilience or spatial planning in coastal areas.

Hydro-oceanography Profile Condition at Tunda Island Serang District Banten Province, Indonesia

Tunda Island has three potential coastal ecosystems, but they would not be sustainable for the organism when the oceanographic condition is under the quality standards. The research aims to study hydrooceanography as the first profile Marine Conservation Area management plans at Tunda island explains in Zonation Plans on Coastal Areas and Small Island Banten Province. In general, the waters profile condition will describe how it can contribute to the primary productivity of other organisms. Collected the sampling method was in July and November 2020, and the sampling method used purposive sampling on 45 stations across the island. The result of the data analysis from each parameter was the depth of water has ranged from 0.5-52.4±1.14 meters, water transparency from 0.5-13.3±0.25 meters, waters temperature was 29.97- 31.16±0.32 °C, DO was 6.63-8.41±0.31 mg/l, pH from 6.83-7.92±0.25, salinity was 31.6-33.8±0.55 ‰, TDS was 13.8-15.8±0.39 mg/l, conductivity was 22.7-24.8±0.36 mS/cm and ORP from 149-186±7.03 mV. Believed the difference in water quality conditions among stations to be due to differences in the typology of water conditions and currents from the Sunda Strait and the flow of particles from mainland Serang. Where northern and western sides are associated with several small islands and lead to the mainland of Serang. Wheres, south and east sides are directly waters related to the Sunda Strait. The hydro-oceanographic can be used as data and information to develop activities like MPAs plans in Tunda Island waters.

SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITY FOR MITIGATION OF OIL SPILL DISASTERS IN THE SERIBU ISLANDS NATIONAL PARK

The Seribu Islands National Park (Taman Nasional Kepulauan Seribu - TNKpS) which has a marine ecosystem area that has the potential to be affected by oil spills originating from oil discharges from ships passing through the Sunda Strait and ship accidents in and out of Tanjung Priuk Port. In addition, in the TNKpS area there are also oil and gas mining companies as well as oil distribution through pipelines which have the potential to cause oil pollution due to leakage of oil distribution pipelines. The availability of maps of Environmental Sensitivity Index and comprehensive environmental data is important for the government to understand the condition of sensitive areas around oil and gas mining areas to mitigate environmental pollution due to oil spills, and can then take priority actions. to protect areas deemed sensitive. The compilation of thematic maps related to environmental sensitivity to oil spills in TNKpS shows that the beach type is not sensitive to oil spills, where the dominant beach type is gently sloping sand which is a substrate that is easy to clean when an oil spill occurs. While the component of biodiversity has the highest sensitivity. The most sensitive socioeconomic components affected by the oil spill are fish farming and marine tourism (snorkeling and diving), both of which are the main livelihoods for the people in TNKpS, especially from the tourism sector. Mitigation of oil spills in TNKpS should focus on dealing with oil spills before reaching sensitive areas where oil collection with skimmers and spraying of dispersants can be carried out before entering the coral reef area. The next step is the protection of sensitive areas from oil spills where this protection can be done by dispelling using an oil boom and directing the oil spill to a less sensitive area. The final step is cleaning the beach area in accordance with oil spill emergency response procedures. Spill simulations carried out with a duration of 3 hours, 5 hours and 24 hours showed that the oil spill had not yet reached the sensitive area when it was 3 hours, so that the ideal anticipatory oil response is to have an oil control exercise with a duration of 3 hours to protect sensitive areas.

The Construction of Prototype of a Tactical Oceanographic Map for Navigation of Submarine in Sunda Strait

Selat Sunda merupakan salah satu selat yang dilalui oleh Alur Laut Kepulauan Indonesia (ALKI I) yang digunakan untuk kepentingan jalur pelayaran niaga, selain itu juga digunakan sebagai jalur pelayaran militer termasuk sebagai jalur lintas kapal selam. Dalam pelaksanaan tugas operasi kapal selam dibutuhkan suatu peta yang secara khusus dibangun untuk menunjang kegiatan operasi yang dibuat dari data-data oseanografi fisik seperti temperatur, salinitas, dan sound speed yang selanjutnya diolah untuk menentukan batas lapisan termoklin dalam empat musim. Serta memberikan informasi Penampangan Horizontal, Diagram Vertikal, Profil Termoklin, Model Arus dan Konstanta Pasut.

Morphology, Morphometrics, and Shark Conservation Status at TPI Sibolga City, North Sumatra Province

Sharks are predatory animals that dwell near coral reefs and swim at the ocean's bottom. Since the inclusion of many shark species in CITES Appendix II status in 2013, shark groups have become a global issue. This is owing to shark fishing's high exploitation, both as a target capture and as bycatch. It is divided into eleven fisheries management areas, one of which is WPPNRI 572, according to the Regulation of the Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia Number 18/PERMEN-KP/2014 concerning the State Fisheries Management Area of the Republic of Indonesia, hereinafter abbreviated as WPPNRI. The Indian Ocean waters west of Sumatra, as well as the Sunda Strait, are included in this area. Because it faces the high seas, notably the Indian Ocean, Sumatra's west coast is a key area of the Indonesian sea. The city of Sibolga is strategically important as one of the key entry points for utilizing the potential of western Sumatra's waters. This study was place during August and September of 2021. The goal of this study was to identify sharks landed through TPI Sibolga City in North Sumatra Province, describe their morphology and morphometrics, and describe their conservation status using IUCN and CITES criteria. Squalus chloroculus, Nebrius ferrugineus, Carcharhinus brevipinna, Carcharhinus falciformis, Carcharhinus melanopterus, Carcharhinus sorrah, Rhizoprionodon acutus, Rhizoprionodon oligolinx, and Sphyrna lewini were among the 310 sharks successfully landed in the TPI, according to the study's findings. The overall length variable has the strongest tendency, according to the results of the Principal Component Analysis Scree Plot. C. brevipinna, C. falciformis, C. melanopterus, C. sorrah, and T. obesus are shark species with comparable morphometric features. According to the IUCN, the conservation status of S. lewini is Critical or Threatened (EN). The status of N. ferrugineus is Very Vulnerable (VU). Near Threatened (NT) status for S. chloroculus, C. brevipinna, C. falciformis, C. melanopterus, C. sorrah, and T. obesus. Less Worrying Status was assigned to R. acutus and R. oligolinx (LC). While the trading status of sharks based on CITES, particularly C. falciformis, C. melanopterus, and S. lewini, are included in the Appendix II list, which denotes species that are not threatened with extinction but could be affected if trade continues without regulation

Modal Sosial dan Pendampingan BUMDes Sebagai Solusi Recovery Economy Masyarakat Terdampak Tsunami Selat Sunda di Kabupaten Pandeglang

SOCIAL CAPITAL AND ASSISTANCE FOR BUMDES AS ECONOMIC RECOVERY SOLUTIONS FOR COMMUNITIES AFFECTED BY THE SUNDA STRAIT TSUNAMI IN PANDEGLANG REGENCY. The presence of the Ministry of Villages, Development of Disadvantaged Regions and Transmigration is the implementing agent of Law no. 6 of 2014 concerning Villages, it is substantively expected to be able to build villages through structural and cultural approaches. Villages are expected to become independent economically, socially, culturally and politically. The method used in this community service activity is using the lecture method, discussion method, dialogue, and mentoring and practice methods, the material presented about good BUMDes management information is still lacking, this is indicated by a score of 47%., After the community is given education and assistance in the management of BUMDes as the goal of economic recovery after good results were obtained, which was 93%. These results need to be strengthened by improving the management of BUMDes, where academics and the government can collaborate on the best model (deliberative model) for the development of BUMDes to be efficient and competitive.

Numerical study for Sunda Strait Tsunami wave propagation and its mitigation by mangroves in Lampung, Indonesia

The 2D Non-linear Shallow Water Equations are used to investigate the propagation of tsunami waves. We find a numerical solution using the finite volume method on a staggered grid. Several benchmark tests are conducted to assess the ability of our numerical scheme to model tsunami waves. Following these tests, we use our numerical scheme to simulate the 2018 Sunda Strait Tsunami. Moreover, we provide a mitigation solution in the form of procuring mangroves in several potential areas. The effectiveness of mangrove trees in attenuating these waves is also studied by modifying the NSWE model, involving a friction term to represent the presence of a porous structure. Our results indicate that the mangrove forest density affects wave attenuation and that mangroves are effective in dampening waves. Furthermore, the result of this work could be used to justify retaining mangroves as a coastal defense measure.

Grain size, mineralogical, and geochemistry of the 1996-2018 Volcanic Products of Anak Krakatau Volcano, Indonesia

Anak Krakatau Volcano is the only active volcano on Krakatau Volcanic Complex. It is located in the Sunda Strait as part of the Quaternary volcanic arc as a result of the Indo-Australian plate subduction under the Eurasian plate. The volcanic activity of the Anak Krakatau volcano since 1927 is considered to be very active with a combination of explosive and effusive eruptions. Lava flow tends to be concentrated in the southwestern part, except for the 1996 lava flow (north) and 1993 lava flow (northeast). In 2018 there was an eruption accompanied by flank collapse on the southwestern side, caused by the accumulation of the instability volcanic body due to volcanic and tectonic activity. The volcanic activity will be reflected in the resulting deposits. This study was conducted to determine the characteristics of the deposits, especially on the northern part for post-1996. The analysis carried out included the stratigraphic columns, granulometric, petrography, and geochemistry analysis.

Effects of Tsunami Shelters in Pandeglang, Banten, Indonesia, Based on Agent-Based Modelling: A Case Study of the 2018 Anak Krakatoa Volcanic Tsunami

On 22 December 2018, the volcanic eruption of Anak Krakatoa in the Sunda Strait, Indonesia, triggered a tsunami causing 437 deaths. The highest death toll and the second highest number of damaged houses were recorded in Panimbang. This study proposes optimum evacuation shelters to reduce the mortality rate. A digital elevation model (DEM) and information dataset are used. The suggested horizontal evacuation shelters (HESs) are places of worship, schools, and government offices. Multimodal agent-based modelling (ABM), to analyse the sensitivity of parameters and the effect of vertical evacuation shelters (VESs) under multiple scenarios, is presented for the volcanic tsunami in December 2018. A tsunami hazard map is created by combining relative weights and parameter scores for topography, slope, and the distance from the shoreline and rivers. In the ABM results, the transportation mode choice depicts a significant decrease in the number of casualties. The mortality rate is sensitive to the milling time caused by delay time τ and agent decision-making time σ. VESs are proposed at the hot spots based on the location of deaths in the sensitivity tests and the high and very-high risk zones in the hazard map. As a result, combinations of VESs and HESs show a decrement in the number of deaths by 1.2–2 times compared to those with HESs only. The proposed VESs in the study area have a significant positive impact on decreasing the mortality rate.

Analysis Of Restriction Rules Of Gross Tonnage Fishing Ship On The Sunda Sea Coast

The Sunda Strait has a significant enough fishery potential in Indonesia. Fish catches from the Sunda Strait are landed in Pandeglang Regency, one of which is at the Labuan Coastal Fishing Port. The types of fish that are targeted for catching are mackerel and tuna. The high selling price of fish causes fishing operations to continue to be improved. Fishing operations that continue to increase can lead to a scarcity of fishery resources. Therefore, it is necessary to study the rate of fish resource utilization to determine their status. This study aimed to evaluate the rate of exploitation of tuna in the Sunda Strait based on fish catch data on 30 GT vessels and analyze it using policies issued by the Indonesian government. In this study, a simple linear regression method was used. Result of analysis, in 2025, the fish stock is only 21,682 ton, while the number of fish taken is 66,497 ton, which means that in 2025 there will be no more fish because the fish stock has run out and cannot meet the number of fish that needs to be taken.

Analysis Of Restriction Rules Of Gross Tonnage Fishing Ship On The Sunda Sea Coast

The Sunda Strait has a significant enough fishery potential in Indonesia. Fish catches from the Sunda Strait are landed in Pandeglang Regency, one of which is at the Labuan Coastal Fishing Port. The types of fish that are targeted for catching are mackerel and tuna. The high selling price of fish causes fishing operations to continue to be improved. Fishing operations that continue to increase can lead to a scarcity of fishery resources. Therefore, it is necessary to study the rate of fish resource utilization to determine their status. This study aimed to evaluate the rate of exploitation of tuna in the Sunda Strait based on fish catch data on 30 GT vessels and analyze it using policies issued by the Indonesian government. In this study, a simple linear regression method was used. Result of analysis, in 2025, the fish stock is only 21,682 ton, while the number of fish taken is 66,497 ton, which means that in 2025 there will be no more fish because the fish stock has run out and cannot meet the number of fish that needs to be taken.

Manajemen Krisis di Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus Pariwisata Tanjung Lesung Pasca Tsunami Selat Sunda tahun 2018

Tanjung Lesung Tourism Special Economic Zone is one of the ten priority tourist destinations inIndonesia. This area was hit by a tsunami that was caused by tidal waves and underwater landslides dueto the eruption of Mount Anak Krakatau on December 22, 2018. This tsunami was a silent tsunami so itwas difficult to predict, causing a severe impact in the tourism sector. Thus, the researcher examines thecrisis and crisis management after the Sunda Strait tsunami in the tourist destination of Tanjung Lesung.The concepts used as the basis for this research are crisis management, disaster management, SpecialEconomic Zones, tsunamis and destination images. The method used is a qualitative research method withqualitative descriptive analysis techniques. The types of data used are qualitative and quantitative. Thedata sources used are primary and secondary data. The data is collected through observation, interviewsand documentation. The technique of determining the informants in this study was using purposivesampling technique.The results of this study indicate that the impact of the post-tsunami crisis in Tanjung Lesung can beseen from several aspects, namely the physical, economic, social and psychological impacts. The physicalimpact is damage to attractions, accommodation and access to Tanjung Lesung. The economic impact isseen from the reduction in employment, decreased income and the amount of investment that is not in linewith the target. The social impact caused is the number of casualties, while the psychological impact isthe existence of trauma, anxiety, stress, depression and post traumatic disorder. Crisis management isdivided into three stages, namely pre-crisis, crisis and post-crisis. In the pre-crisis phase, it was knownthat Tanjung Lesung was one of the tsunami-prone areas because it was directly adjacent to the SundaStrait, besides that the area administrator still did not have its own Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)that was in accordance with the situation of the area. At the crisis stage, the cooperation between thegovernment and managers was already going well in evacuating tourists and distributing aid. In addition,social media control is also carried out by monitoring various news media. In the post-crisis phase,improvements to tourism attractions, facilities and access are carried out, improving the image of SEZtourism to become disaster-resilient tourism areas, updating disaster detection systems and evacuationroutes, as well as promotion by holding events, festivals and several promotional visits.Keywords: Crisis Management, Impact, Tsunami, Tanjung Lesung Tourism SEZ.

Objective Economic Pressures, Livelihood Strategies, and Subjective- Economic Welfare of Survivor’s Families of Sunda Strait Tsunami in Banten

This research is part of umbrella study entitled “The Impact of the 2018 Sunda Strait Tsunami on Family Socio-Economic Vulnerability and Achievement of SDGs Welfare”. This study aims to analyze family characteristics, objective economic pressures, livelihood strategies, and subjective-economic welfare for survivors of Sunda Strait Tsunami disaster in Banten. The research method used is a cross-sectional study involving 60 samples selected by simple random sampling. Data collection was carried out in March 2021 (27-month post disaster). Data analysis used descriptive tests, correlation tests, and logistic regression tests. The regression test results showed that the wife's age, husband's age, income per capita, and objective economic pressure had a significant effect on subjective economic welfare. The results of the cumulative probability analysis show that families with low welfare categories have the opportunity to increase their subjective economic welfare by 0.989 times, while families with high welfare have the opportunity to increase their subjective economic welfare 6,632 times compared to families with low welfare categories. Migration of residence from coastal areas to permanent residences in the middle of plantations does not make families change their livelihoods or explore new skills in earning a living to increase income.

Dynamic Displacement using DInSAR of Sentinel-1 in Sunda Strait

Sunda Strait’s geographical condition makes it experience many tectonic and seismic events. Deformation monitoring has been carried out with various methods ranging from terrestrial and non-terrestrial surveys. This study aimed to monitor the dynamics of deformation in the Sunda Strait region in 2019 using Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR). DInSAR principle analyzes the paired SAR images that have been co-registered with different acquisition times to detect changes along the sensor observation line to the target or Line of Sight (LOS). The SAR data used are Sentinel-1 acquisition on June 1, and October 23, 2019. The results show that the coherence value of the image pair is low due to differences in the phase and intensity values. The maximum uplift value is 0.54 m located in the West Lampung Regency, and the subsidence is −0.3 m in the Pesisir Barat Regency. Uplift results are located in various geological conditions and do not affect by seismic phenomena, whereas subsidence shows its location in the potential area of land subsidence. The dynamics of uplift and subsidence in the Lampung regency are mostly affected by the geological and land use conditions of the locations.
 HIGHLIGHTS
 
 DInSAR provides deformation measurements with a high level of data precision over a large area
 The selection of image pairs is essential for analyzing ground deformation using DInSAR
 Lampung Province has experienced uplift and subsidence in several locations
 The dynamic of uplift and subsidence in the Lampung Province is mostly affected by the conditions of the geological and land-cover condition
 
 GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Analysis of Owner Requirements of Purse Seine Vessel 180 GT for Fishing Activities on Fishing Line III-Fisheries Management Area (FMA) 572

Fish resources in FMA 572 have not been managed optimally, especially small pelagic species of 82,573 tons. These waters with high wave conditions of 0.2 – 6 meters are located around the waters of West Aceh, the West Indian Ocean of Aceh, the waters of Nias–Sibolga, the waters of the Indian Ocean–West Lampung, and the Sunda Strait. The purpose of this study was to analyze the owner requirements for 180 GT purse seine vessels as a basis for planning the ship's technical specifications. The research method using a single case study with research respondents is purposive sampling. The research findings explain that the Ship dimension is around 35 meters, the Service velocity of 8 knots, the propulsion system is I line engine model, the auxiliary engine system is a dual-engine model, the Fish storage system uses Cargo hold freezer system, and Fishing aids using Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) and light lamps, Total crew of 27 Personnel, Fish detection equipment using fish finder equipment, Fishing gear pulling with winch mechanical and power block and the ship's operating time 50 days as well. To increase productivity, it is recommended to standardize purse seine vessels with modern equipment to improve fuel efficiency, and ship crew and reduce ship production costs, so that the price of ships is affordable for fishery business actors .

Rancang Bangun Sistem Pendeteksi Tsunami (Studi Kasus Selat Sunda)

Tsunami is not only caused by the strength of tectonic earthquakes with the dislocation of the seafloor, but also by landslides /rocks in shallow waters, or the relatively large fall of meteors/ celestial bodies. Unlike other tsunamis caused by slab collisions, tsunamis in the Sunda Strait tsunami caused by high tides and underwater landslides due to the eruption of krakatoa. Tsunami due to the eruption of Mount Anak Krakatau threatens at any time so that technology is needed to be able to help the community and BMKG monitor activities in the Sunda Strait so as to provide security and comfort of the surrounding residents. Therefore, research was made to measure the height of waves to detect high waves causing tsunamis in the Sunda Strait. In this research, Tsunami detection system using electrical circuits in its testing with submersible sensors as a wave height reader. The result of the sensor height readings read by the sensor in the process uses a Resberry-Pi microcontroller. The height limit set on the sensor produces siren sounds and sends short messages sent to residents of coastal communities of the Sunda Strait. The results showed that the tsunami detection system managed to read the water level in real time accurately according to the calibration equation. The water level reading tool set by the limit is 2 meters with the length of the wave using a maximum time of 90 seconds. The device will send a short message and produce a siren sound when the wave reaches a height of 2 meters for 90 seconds in a row. Sending messages takes 2-5 seconds, if there is a tsunami due to the eruption of Mount Anak Krakatau the evacuation time to the safe zone for coastal communities of the Sunda Strait is still affordable and safe.