Sumy Region Research Articles

Application of biostimulants in agriculture: Effects on plant growth and yield

The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of biostimulants, such as humic acid preparation, Seaweed algae extract and microbial preparation BaikalEM, on plant growth and yield. The impact of biostimulants on plant development and crop yields was studied on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) and maize (Zea mays). To achieve this goal, field studies were conducted to compare different biostimulants in terms of germination and yield (total crop weight, weight of a single fruit, sugar, starch and protein content). The study was conducted in April-August 2023 in the Sumy district of the Sumy region. Standard agronomic methods, including soil cultivation, measurement of plant growth and yield parameters, and statistical processing of the data were used in the study. The results showed that humic acids and algae extract, when applied separately, provided the highest seed germination and yield. Among all the variants of combined application, the most significant increase in germination rates for beetroot was provided by treatment with a combination of Seaweed and Baikal-EM – 91.7%. For maize, Seaweed with humic acids and Seaweed with Baikal-EM are 92% each. The combination of Seaweed and humic acids had the best effect on the yield of both crops: 460.9 c/ha for beetroot (compared to 325 c/ha without treatment) and 61 c/ha for corn (41.5 c/ha without treatment). The microbial preparation Baikal also demonstrated a positive effect, but its results were lower, and it proved effective in combination with humic acids. The results obtained indicate the feasibility of using humic acids and algae extract to increase plant productivity, while Baikal can be useful for improving the general condition of soil and plants in combination with other fertilisers

Results of iodine-based treatment application in carp aquaculture within closed water systems

The study aimed to monitor the prevalence of ectoparasites and bacterial infestations in carp and to determine effective dosages of a new iodine-based treatment for disease prevention. The research found that carp were affected by ectoparasites G. kobayashii at 43.32%, L. cyprinacea at 46.67%, and P. lusiana at 31.71% in fish farming facilities within the Sumy Region. Treatment with the iodine-based product resulted in a reduction of infestation levels to 0.2%, including a decrease in the incidence of gyrodactylosis by 89.92-97.35%, lernaeosis by 79.13-95.91%, and philometroidosis by 81.30-91.16% compared to monitoring results. In investigations of bacterial infestations, it was found that the contamination of carp was higher for E. coli at the PC “Shmatukha” by 8.0%, Aeromonas hydrophila by 47.97%, and Aeromonas salmonicida by 31.39%. Additionally, Pseudomonas anguilliseptica was detected at 19.48%, Streptococcus iniae at 13.27%, and Micrococcus spp. at 38.14% at LLC “Ryasnyanske”. The presence of Staphylococcus aureus was recorded at 21.37%, and Listeria monocytogenes at 11.43% at LLC “Bdzhola”; these figures were lower than those observed in other farms. Following treatment with the iodine-based agent, contamination of fish by E. coli decreased by 98.96% at the PC “Shmatukha”, 99.2% at LLC “Bdzhola”, and 84.32% at LLC “Ryasnyanske”. Contamination of carp by A. hydrophila decreased by 94.51% at the PC “Shmatukha”, 80.28% at LLC “Bdzhola”, and 99.15% at LLC “Ryasnyanske”. The presence of A. salmonicida was reduced by 97.23% at the PC “Shmatukha”, 94.00% at LLC “Bdzhola”, and 79.06% at LLC “Ryasnyanske”. Contamination by S. aureus decreased by 92.15% at the PC “Shmatukha”, 98.74% at LLC “Bdzhola”, and 93.89% at LLC “Ryasnyanske”. The levels of S. iniae decreased by 80.90% at the PC “Shmatukha”, 99.63% at LLC “Bdzhola”, and 83.30% at LLC “Ryasnyanske”. Contamination by L. monocytogenes was reduced by 96.25% at the PC “Shmatukha”, 96.08% at LLC “Bdzhola”, and 98.13% at LLC “Ryasnyanske”. Furthermore, Micrococcus spp. levels decreased by 93.74% at the PC “Shmatukha”, 96.37% at LLC “Bdzhola”, and 92.26% at LLC “Ryasnyanske”, in comparison to the monitoring results. The practical value of this study lies in controlling the spread of ectoparasites and developing preventive measures to eliminate ectoparasites and bacterial infestations in carp prior to their release into water bodies

INFORMATION MATERIALS FOR ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE FACTORS ON FORMING SOIL WATER REGIME ON DRAINED LANDS

The research results on creating information materials for assessing the impact of modern climatic factors on the formation of soil water regimes on drained lands are presented. By the results of the research, carried out at the "Romen" drainage and irrigation system (Sumy region), it was established that over the past 34 years, the average air temperature during the growing season has varied from 14,2 to 19,4 oC. In general, there is a trend for its slight decrease (almost by 0,2 oC). The highest average monthly air temperatures are recorded in July and August, and the lowest ones - in April. It was specified that the water regime of the active soil layer during the growing season is formed mainly due to moderate (4–14 mm – 44%) and significant (15–49 mm – 40%) precipitation, the total share of which in water reserves is 84%. There is a trend towards an increase in the share of significant precipitation (on average, up to 46–60 % of the total amount during the growing season) in years with high-water growing seasons, and its predominant amount falls in the range of 15–29 mm. There is also an increase in the share of moderate precipitation (up to 49% of the total amount during the growing season) in years with low-water growing seasons. Information materials on the distribution of atmospheric precipitation by year in quantitative and percentage indicators, their recurrence in the growing seasons of 1990–2022 ("Romen" DIS, Sumy region), presented as an interactive visual report with graphic materials (dashboard) have been created. Informational materials in the form of dashboards enable us to monitor changes in climatic conditions, promptly providing up-to-date data when forecasting future trends in changes in the water supply of agricultural territories, in particular, the formation of the soil water regime on drained lands and addressing the challenges related to climate change.

Technogenic and ecological hazards of using chemical plant protection products (on the example of copper-containing preparations)

Problems Statement and Purpose. The widespread use of pesticides in agriculture has led to significant environmental pollution and health risks, and it is important to consider the negative effects and explore potential solutions to reduce pesticide pollution and its impact on human health and ecosystems. The purpose of the research is to determine the technogenic and environmental hazards of the use of chemical plant protection products (on the example of copper-containing preparations). Materials and methods of research. To study the scale of use and storage of plant protection products in Ukraine and to identify their anthropogenic and environmental threat, the analysis of statistical data on the volume of purchases and use of pesticides, in particular in the Kharkiv region, was used, Experimental studies and chemical analysis of some types of agricultural products after pesticide treatment were carried out using atomic absorption. Results. The paper reveals the essence of the technogenic and environmental hazard of plant protection products for humans and the environment, analyses the scale of use and storage of plant protection products in Ukraine, in particular in the Kharkiv region; outlines ways to improve the technogenic and environmental safety of plant protection products; shows the hazard of using chemical plant protection products for vegetable products on the example of copper-containing preparations. The volume of accumulation and use of pesticides in Ukraine, including in warehouses in the Kharkiv region, is considered. The number of centralised warehouses has increased. There have been no banned or unusable plant protection chemicals since 2012. The research was conducted using vegetables, in particular green onions. In the green mass that came into direct contact with the preparation based on copper sulphate (CuSO4), the Cu content was found to exceed the MAC for vegetables. In the study of tomatoes and cucumbers, the content of copper in fruits was investigated. It was found that treatment with a preparation containing copper does not affect the Cu content in fruits throughout the experiment, including the day of treatment. The maximum Cu content in tomato fruits on the day of treatment does not exceed the MPC in the experimental and control samples. The increase in the concentration of Cu in the experimental samples compared to the control samples is not statistically significant, since all values were below the MAC for vegetables, which is 5.0 mg/kg. The study revealed a periodic increase in the content of this heavy metal in cucumber and tomato samples taken on the day of treatment compared to control samples. This may be due to the presence of the product on the surface of the treated crop that has not yet been washed off. Conclusions. 1) Vinnytsia, Ternopil, and Khmelnytskyi regions used the most pesticides, while Poltava, Cherkasy, and Sumy regions used less. Kharkiv region had 125 pesticide storage facilities, with 79 in good and 46 in satisfactory condition. 2) Copper-containing pesticides increase copper levels in greenhouse vegetables during growth, with significant peaks on the day of treatment. Green produce exceeded permissible copper levels by up to 6.9 times. 3) The results for early vegetable production in greenhouses can be applied to most agricultural practices in Ukraine.

Financial Autonomy of Local Self-Government: Analysis and Assessing

The article considers issues related to ensuring the financial autonomy of local self-government. The purpose of this study is to systematize the theoretical foundations and develop practical recommendations for assessing the financial autonomy of local self-government and the directions of its strengthening in the current conditions of sustainable development. The study of the theoretical foundations of local self-government is deepened, namely, the role of the financial basis of local self-government in achieving the autonomy of local budgets is determined, the features of medium-term planning of local budgets are revealed. A model for assessing the financial autonomy of local self-government is proposed, which takes into account the indicators of budgetary autonomy in terms of revenues, budgetary autonomy in terms of expenditures, budgetary autonomy in terms of transfers and tax autonomy. In fulfilling the goal of this study, we used various methods of scientific research: monographic method in the process of studying the essence of financial autonomy; analytical method in the analysis of revenues and expenditures of the Sumy region budget; statistical method for calculating the coefficients of financial autonomy. The article analyses and evaluates the indicators of financial autonomy on the example of the budget of Sumy region for the period of 2018-2022. The strengths and weaknesses of the financial autonomy of the budget of Sumy region are substantiated. Risks and opportunities in strengthening the financial autonomy of local self-government of the Sumy region budget are identified on the basis of SWOT analysis. Among the vectors for strengthening, the financial autonomy of local self-government is the intensification of the processes of interaction between local development stakeholders. Type of article is empirical.
 The article considers issues related to ensuring the financial autonomy of local self-government. The purpose of this study is to systematize the theoretical foundations and develop practical recommendations for assessing the financial autonomy of local self-government and the directions of its strengthening in the current conditions of sustainable development. The study of the theoretical foundations of local self-government is deepened, namely, the role of the financial basis of local self-government in achieving the autonomy of local budgets is determined, the features of medium-term planning of local budgets are revealed. A model for assessing the financial autonomy of local self-government is proposed, which takes into account the indicators of budgetary autonomy in terms of revenues, budgetary autonomy in terms of expenditures, budgetary autonomy in terms of transfers and tax autonomy. In fulfilling the goal of this study, we used various methods of scientific research: monographic method in the process of studying the essence of financial autonomy; analytical method in the analysis of revenues and expenditures of the Sumy region budget; statistical method for calculating the coefficients of financial autonomy. The article analyses and evaluates the indicators of financial autonomy on the example of the budget of Sumy region for the period of 2018-2022. The strengths and weaknesses of the financial autonomy of the budget of Sumy region are substantiated. Risks and opportunities in strengthening the financial autonomy of local self-government of the Sumy region budget are identified on the basis of SWOT analysis. Among the vectors for strengthening, the financial autonomy of local self-government is the intensification of the processes of interaction between local development stakeholders. Type of article is empirical.

Syntaxonomy and ecological differentiation of vegetation of the class Festuco-Brometea in Mykhailivska Tsilyna Nature Reserve

The article is devoted to syntaxonomy and synphytoindication of steppe vegetation in Mykhailivska Tsilyna Nature Reserve (Sumy Region). Based on phytosociological materials collected in 2021–2022 and literature data, changes of steppe vegetation in the reserve over the past ten years have been analyzed. The plant communities of the class Festuco-Brometea were identified as two subassociations and two variants in three associations, belonging to one alliance and one order. The article provides characteristics of the syntaxa, their ecological requirements, synphytoindication indexes, and results of DCA-ordination of the obtained indexes of ecological factors. It has been found that the main ecological gradients affecting ecological and territorial differentiation of the syntaxa are the soil humidity, nitrogen content in soil, soil aeration, and total salt regime. During the study, an increasing mesophytization of the steppe vegetation was observed, caused by the absence of mowing on the territories that formerly were under the constant mowing regime.

Obtaining morphometric standards of drone wings of separate populations of honey bees (Apis mellifera) in Ukraine

Today, there are no systematic studies on the wing phenotypes of drone populations of the honeybee widespread in Ukraine. Considering that drone genomes are haploid, this allows one to establish the correspondence between the phenotype and the drone genome, thereby roughly determining the queen's genome in the part responsible for the wing phenotype. This partially compensates for the lack of resources among domestic scientists to conduct genetic research on bees. The aim of the study was to examine the wings of drones from several apiaries in the Kharkiv, Sumy, Poltava, and Zhytomyr regions, identify typical phenotypes, and attempt their taxonomic identification. Using discriminant analysis, 4640 drone wings were classified into three clusters. A two-step scheme for forming significantly different phenotype clusters of wings was proposed. Initially, based on the similarity of Euclidean distances and Mahalanobis distances (<2.6) between clusters, three groups were obtained, which, for refinement, underwent a second classification. As a result, average values and confidence intervals of eight morphometric traits were established: Ci, Dbi, Disc.sh, Pci, Ri, Ci.3, Ci.2.1, Ci.2.2 for the three wing groups. It is suggested to accept the trait values of these groups as reference data: one as a local population of the A. m. carnica subspecies, and the other two as regional standards for Ukrainian bees. Based on the obtained standards, a significant presence of A. m. carnica subspecies bees was established in all studied apiaries, except for the apiary with the status of a breeding ground for Ukrainian steppe bees (Kuzemin village, Sumy region), where such presence is minimal. This fact indicates the need for special measures to reproduce and expand the ranges of existence of local populations of Ukrainian steppe bees. The example of creating local and regional morphometric standards provided in this work is specifically designed to address this issue.

Morphology of the Skulls from the Burials in the Village of Zalutske (tract Staikyn Verkh), Sumy Region (the 18th – 19th Centuries)

The focus of this article is on the publication of craniological findings from a cemetery located near Zalutske village (tract Staikyn Verkh), Romny district. Materials and methods: Anthropological materials dating from the 18–19th cent. primarily consist of well-preserved human skulls. The collection comprises 8 items, including 5 male and 3 female skulls. Measurements were conducted following a comprehensive craniometric program based on R. Martin’s standard technique, with numbered features indicated accordingly. Software for multidimensional analysis was developed by B. and A. Kozintsev in 1991. The primary objective of this research is to present new craniological data to the scientific community, providing a general description of local inhabitants in comparison to neighboring ethnic groups in Ukraine and Eastern Europe. The study aims to determine the distance between individual series from the 14–19th cent. through multidimensional canonical and cluster analysis, seeking to position local peasants within the system of craniological types in Eastern Europe and the pheno-geographic anthropological zones of Ukraine. Novelty in research lies in the submission of craniometric measurements and characteristics from skulls of the 18–19th cent. in a craniological series from Zalutske village, a first-time occurrence. Results show the creation of a male series from Zalutske village of the 18–19th cent., consisting of 5 skulls. The group is characterized as moderately brachycranial based on the average craniometric values. Upon comparing the studied male group from the 18–19th cent. with synchronous series and samples from the 16th to 19th centuries in Eastern, Central, and Western Europe using multidimensional canonical and cluster analysis, partial similarity to the Transcarpathian urban group of Uzhhorod was observed.

Using Trend Models for Analysis and Forecasting Basic Demographic Indicators (case study of Sumy Region, Ukraine)


 
 
 The article is dedicated to the analysis of the demographic situation in Sumy region and possible scenarios for its development. The aim of the article is to carry out a demographic forecast of the main demographic indicators of Sumy region (Ukraine) till 2030. Forecasting is based on defining the tendencies in the dynamics of demographic indicators during 1990-2021. It should be noted that the demographic situation in Sumy region is perhaps the most complicated in the national demographic dimension. According to many demographic indicators, the region holds the most negative positions in Ukraine. Besides, negative features continue to grow: over the past 10 years, the population of the region has decreased by 9.3%, urban – by 6.3%, and rural – by 15.4%. According to our forecast, the population of the region will decrease by another 12% and will amount to approximately 911 thousand inhabitants by 2030. Forecasting the number of the rural population showed a faster rate of its depopulation – up to 253.8 thousand people, or 18.8%. Besides, there will be negative changes in the population of certain age groups. For example, in the age group 0-17 years, there will be only 135 thousand people and the number of children will decrease by 17.7% by 2030. The main point is a significant decrease in the birth rate, which will be reduced by 14.5% during the forecast period. The fertility rate will decrease by 13.7% and it will amount to 0.7 children per woman. On the other hand, there is a tendency towards an increase in mortality, the level of which in 2021 reached the highest value – 20 ‰. According to our forecast, by 2030, the mortality rate will stabilize at the level of 19.6-19.7 ‰, and in the pessimistic scenario, it will increase by 16.2% (up to 23.2 ‰). As a result of the two demographic tendencies mentioned above, since the 1980s, there has been a natural decline in the population in Sumy region. By 2030, the rate of depopulation will increase by 2.4%, and its level will be -15.1% per year. The results of the demographic forecast can be used in assessing the balance of labor resources in the future, planning the development of the social sphere, housing construction, etc.
 
 

ANALYSIS OF THE INCIDENCE OF BRAIN TUMORS IN UKRAINE AND THE SUMY REGION IN 2017–2021

Background. Tumours of the brain and other parts of the central nervous system, despite the relatively low incidence, cause significant mortality in all age groups. In addition, these tumours are characterized by great histological diversity, which complicates diagnosis. Aim. Analysis of statistical indicators of the incidence of brain tumours in the population of Ukraine and the Sumy region in 2017–2021. Materials and methods. Based on data from the National Cancer Registry of Ukraine, an analysis of the incidence of malignant brain neoplasms in the population of Ukraine and the Sumy region in 2017–2021 was carried out. The histological archives of the Department of Pathology of the Sumy Regional Clinical Hospital and the Department of Pathology of the Sumy State University were also analyzed. Results. The average incidence of malignant brain neoplasms was 3.5 ± 0.28 cases per 100,000 population of the Sumy region, which was lower than the national level (3.96 ± 0.09 cases per 100,000 population of Ukraine). The average mortality rate for 2017–2021 was 2.3 ± 0.19 deaths per 100,000 population of Sumy Region, which was also lower than the national level (2.58 ± 0.07 deaths per 100,000 population of Ukraine). Morbidity and mortality prevailed among men. Among children, the average incidence rate in 2017–2021 was 2.12 ± 0.11 cases per 100,000 child population of Ukraine, and the average mortality rate was 0.8 ± 0.05 cases per 100,000 child population of Ukraine. During this period, 25 patients were operated on in the Sumy region, of which six men (24%) and 19 women (76%) had the primary diagnosis of meningioma. The average age of the patients was 64.88 ± 2.11 years, and among the histological variants of meningiomas, the following were recorded: 13 meningothelial (52%), eight psammomatous (32%), three mixed meningothelial-psammomatous (12%) and one fibrous meningioma (4%). Conclusions. Morbidity and mortality due to malignant brain neoplasms in the Sumy region in 2017–2021 were slightly lower than the national indicators, but this may indicate insufficient diagnosis. Among non-malignant tumours, 25 cases of meningiomas were recorded, most of which were characteristic of women aged 65.

Radio Broadcasting in Rural Areas during the Second Half of the 1940s – the First Half of the 1950s (Based on the Materials of Sumy Region)

The article is devoted to the analysis of the characteristic features and peculiarities of rural radiofication and the functioning of radio broadcasting in rural areas of Sumy Oblast during the first post-war decade (1945-1955). The circumstances of the spread of the radio network in the Sumy region are highlighted. It was revealed that the radiofication of rural areas was carried out lagging behind the similar process in cities and became comprehensive only in the first half of the 1950s. To a large extent, it was carried out by the collective farms themselves, whose radio nodes became part of the general radio broadcasting network. The regional broadcast was largely aimed at a rural audience, and the programs were dominated by speeches and stories on agricultural topics. The obsolescence and technical imperfection of the equipment, as well as the lack and insufficient qualification of personnel, negatively affected the efficiency of the regional radio. The research is based on materials from the State Archive of Sumy Region and information from the regional newspaper issued during the 2nd half of the 1940s – the 1st half of the 1950s.

Social-Cultural Processes within Sumy Region during the Period of the German Occupation 1941-1943 (Based on the Materials of “Sumy Visnyk” Newspaper)

The objective of the article is to cover the social-cultural processes on the territory of Sumy region during the period of the German military occupation in 1941-1943. The majority of the research source base comprises publications in the local occupation newspaper “Sumy Visnyk” which was issued 1941 to 1943. Its articles give the opportunity to study thoroughly certain social-cultural processes in general and the development of the theatrical and educational spheres, functioning of a museum, a cinema, and libraries in particular. Also, it enables characterizing the everyday life of the population in the state of occupation. The authors have come to a conclusion that the occupational periodicals were aimed at creating a positive perception of the occupation authority by the local population, manipulating the masses to make further resistance impossible. The life of the population was quite hard and also limited in many aspects. It included a curfew, restrictions for trade and migration. The purpose of the social policy was the use of the workforce but the workers were obliged to have an employee registration card provided by the labour exchange. The newspaper articles pour the light on such phenomena of cultural life as cinema premiers, theatre performances and concerts which had an extensive repertoire. Radiobroadcasts turned into the main tool for informing the population and taking ideological control over it. The museum resumed its work, the exhibitions of different pieces of art (paintings, embroidery and woodcarving) were held quite often. The educational reform took the turn of Ukrainization. Some new vocational-technical colleges, schools and German language courses were opened. A certain liberalization of a spiritual life was initialized. Worship in the Orthodox churches was also resumed.

АНАЛІЗ ТА ВПЛИВ РОСІЙСЬКОГО ВТОРГНЕННЯ НА РОЗВИТОК РЕКРЕАЦІЙНОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ УКРАЇНИ

In order to study modern trends and research practices in the development of the recreational potential of the regions of Ukraine, a review of the literature and the experience of many countries of the world on this issue was conducted, which shows that tourism is not only a source of public health, but also a source of income and makes a significant contribution to ensure the stable development of the country's regions. The work provides an analysis of the existing recreational potential of the tourism industry of Ukraine, the territory of Ukraine has a favorable economic and geographic location, has favorable climatic conditions, has access to the Black and Azov seas, where navigation is carried out almost all year round, neighbors are developed countries, which contributes to the development of the recreational potential of the tourist industry. The Western Black Sea region of Ukraine (Odesa region, Mykolaiv region), the Carpathian region, the Dnipro region (Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporizhia regions) were analyzed; Podilsky tourist district (Vinnytsia, Ternopil, Khmelnytskyi regions); North-East tourist region (Kharkiv, Poltava and Sumy regions), Capital region (Kyiv, Zhytomyr and Chernihiv regions) and Central region (Cherkasy and Kirovohrad regions). The study provided a description of the recreational potential of the tourism industry of Ukraine. The article examines the consequences of attacks by the Russian invaders, which significantly damaged the recreational facilities of Ukraine, namely: history, culture, nature, which becomes a threat to the development of the balanced potential of the country's recreational potential. The damage caused by the destruction or destruction of the Ukrainian cultural heritage by the Russian invaders, the number of cultural heritage objects destroyed by the Russian invaders in the regions of Ukraine was analyzed. The recreational potential of the tourist industry of the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine was studied. Revenues to the state budget from the tourism industry of Ukraine for the first three months of 2021–2023, revenue to the state budget for KVED in the tourism industry, and tax revenues from representatives of the tourism industry by regions of Ukraine for 10 months of 2021–2023 were analyzed.

Регіональні особливості функціонування заручин та вінчання на теренах сучасного Слобожанського краю

The article is aimed at deepening the understanding of the importance of recording and popularizing family ritual poetry, wedding customs of the 21st century. The authors substantiated the relevance of the topic of collecting and studying wedding rituals and the folklore that accompanies them in the territory of the Sumy region. Emphasis is placed on the local history aspect of oral folk art. The published sources of folklore collectors of the Sumy Oblast were elaborated and the existing source base was supplemented with materials of own field research with a description of family rites, customs, and modern genres of oral folk art. The regional peculiarities of ancient wedding customs and the modern state of family and household rituals of the Western Slobojan region are considered. The stages of the wedding ceremony, such as engagement and wedding, were studied on the territory of the Sumy region (Western Slobojan region), as well as the changes, transformations and innovations experienced by the wedding rituals of the Slobojan region were traced.

EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPLEX THERAPY OF HYPERPROLACTINEMIA IN WOMEN OF THE SUMY REGION, ASSOCIATED WITH STRESS AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF ARMED AGGRESSION

Introduction. Ukrainians have been living under martial law for the last two years. As a result of a constant stress, physical and especially mental health is affected. Сhronic stress can cause functional hyperprolactinemia, which is characterized by an increase of the level of prolactin in the blood. Elevated serum prolactin is a level that is > 25 ng/ml or 530 mIU/L, which affects the functioning of various levels of the reproductive system. The purpose of the study: to study the effectiveness of complex therapy of hyperprolactinemia in women of the Sumy region, which is associated with chronic stress against the background of armed aggression. Materials and methods. The study was conducted at the Municipal Non-Profit Enterprise "Clinical Maternity Hospital of the Blessed Virgin Mary" and the Municipal Non-Profit Enterprise "Central City Clinical Hospital". A comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination was carried out of 81 women of the Sumy region who had reproductive plans, aged from 22 to 39 years old, who were divided into the following clinical groups: I (main) group, which included 31 women – was prescribed anti-stress therapy, drugs with Vitex agnus castus and cognitive behavioral therapy with a psychotherapist. II (comparison) group – 28 women who received anti-stress therapy and drugs with Vitex agnus castus and III (control) group – healthy women (n = 22). Exclusion criteria were the age of the patients less than 22 and more than 39 years, pituitary tumor confirmed (using magnetic resonance imaging) at the time of the study, taking medications that could affect the results of the studied hormones. Research results. The analysis of the obtained prolactin level data indicated that in the majority of women from the study groups, the prolactin level was elevated within the range of 24–35 ng/ml. Before treatment, the average concentration of prolactin in patients of group I was 36.74±2.72 ng/ml (р<0,05), after 3 months, a decrease in concentration was noted to 20.54±1.74 ng/ml (p<0,05). In the comparison group, the average concentration of prolactin before treatment was 31.64±2.48 ng/ml (р<0,05), while after 3 months, it equaled 27.04±2.02 ng/ml (p<0,05). Also, in patients of the I group, the level of estradiol, progesterone and a thickness of the endometrium were increased. Conclusion. The scheme of a differentiated approach to the treatment of Sumy region women with hyperprolactinemia against the background of stress, which we have outlined, contributes to the normalization of prolactin, estrogen, progesterone levels, and the growth of the functional endometrial layer.

CHARACTERISTICS OF ILLNESS AMONG HEALTHCARE EMPLOYEES

The aim of the work is to characterize and assess the state of health of health care workers and to find out which diseases are most common among health care workers and which list of diseases requires treatment on the basis of social health insurance.
 Materials and methods. In the course of the research, 550 health care workers were interviewed and surveyed regarding the feasibility of implementing social insurance for health care workers in the city of Kyiv and medical and preventive institutions in the Kyiv region. Evaluating the classification of commercial and social insurance in Ukraine, the authors noted that 9% of them do not support any type of insurance at all, 5% support commercial insurance, and 85% support social insurance, 1% refrained from answering.
 The results. As of January 1, 2022, the number of insured persons in the Social Insurance Fund of Ukraine was 4,236,285, of which: legal entities – 2,548,964, individuals – 1,714,321, voluntarily insured persons – 52. In 2021, the fund's income amounted to UAH 17,753.1 million, or 99.3% of the plan, including insurance contributions of policyholders and insured persons – UAH 16,858.8 million, which is 99.2% of the plan [1].
 The article provides a thorough characterization of statistical information, which includes the processing of the primary documents "Occupational Disease Record Card (Occupational Injury)", compiled for all cases of occupational diseases first detected and registered in Ukraine for the specified years; conducted questionnaires and interviews of health care workers (employees of health care institutions in the city of Kyiv and Kyiv, Khmelnytskyi, Odesa, Cherkasy, and Sumy regions).
 The number of appeals for qualified specialized medical care and issuance of disability certificates was studied. The formation of occupational diseases of health care workers was also determined and their statistical information was provided.
 Conclusions. For the high-quality functioning of the health care sector and the reduction of mortality among medical workers, it is necessary to implement the proposed model of social insurance for health care workers. It is this kind of insurance that will ensure the proper life of health care workers, preserve and restore their working capacity, reduce the rate of deaths among them with a low financial loss for them and their family members.

Factors and their influence on the indicators of milk productivity of first-born of Ukrainian dairy breeds

The article examines the influence of genotypic factors on the formation of milk productivity indicators in first-born cows of various breeds. Genotyping of 744 cows of Ukrainian Brown Dairy, Ukrainian RedAnd White, Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breeds and Sumy inbred type of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed, which are kept in breeding farms of State Enterprise "Experimental Farm of Institute of Agriculture of Northern East of NAAS" of Sumy district of Sumy Region and PRAE Ichnyanske and PRAE Khliborob of Chernihiv region. In order to determine the polymorphism of the beta-casein gene, genetic studies were carried out in the laboratory of Institute of Physiology named after Bogomolets of NAS with the help of molecular biological analysis of allele recognition by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in real time. The study of milk productivity indicators was carried out with the help of generally accepted methods, using the electronic database of SUMS "Orsek". The influence of genotypic factors was determined based on the results of one-factor variance analysis. Between animals of different breeds, there is a significant difference in the influence of genotypic factors on indicators of milk productivity. Linear belonging had a statistically significant effect on milk yield and the content of fat and protein in milk in animals of the Ukrainian black-and-white and redand-white dairy breeds. Whereas in cows of Ukrainian brown dairy breed - only on the amount of milk yield. In first-borns of Sumy intrabreed type, linear belonging did not have a statistically significant effect on the studied indicators. Father's origin has a much greater influence (ή2,=22-62 %). The genotype of the animal according to beta-casein actually does not have a reliable effect on the indicators of milk productivity. However, in animals of Ukrainian red-and-white dairy breed and Sumy inbred type of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed, it reliably influenced the formation of milk yield and fat content in milk. Therefore, with the aim of forming the desired value of milk productivity traits in first-born cows, the primary task is to carry out the selection of breeders assessed for the quality of the offspring of the corresponding lineal affiliation. Key words: genotype, beta-casein, influence, milk productivity, breed

SOCIOECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY AND THE SOLIDARITY ECONOMY FORMATION UNDER THE WAR CONDITIONS IN UKRAINE

A full-scale russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 changed socioeconomic sustainability (SES) and boosted the solidarity economy (SE) formation in the country under the ongoing war. In the context of this study, the SES issue is associated with the importance and necessity of understanding the real needs of communities and developing programs to ensure their satisfaction and the need to establish social ties within each community and increase mutual support and solidarity. The research evaluates SES and its factors of influence on the civil population during the war. The paper relies on online focus group interviews conducted from May to June 2022 in the Sumy region, Ukraine. 1,292 randomly selected respondents were interviewed, of which 65.6% were women, and 34.4% were men who were not involved in military service. The survey results were processed by specialists of the Center for Social Research of Sumy State University using the "ОСА" program. The strong point is that 60.7% of respondents confirmed increased social activity in response to the war. The war in Ukraine harmed the employment and incomes of the population in the Sumy region, deepened the financial instability of people, and increased the risk of falling into a vulnerable situation. The policy implications of the study require strengthening the solidarity ties inside the society to promote the socio-economic sustainability of people during the war. Based on these results, the recommendations of the study include measures of investing in social protection programs, supporting the development of local economies and new job creation initiatives, encouraging the participation of civil society organizations and community groups in peacebuilding and conflict resolution efforts, as well as restoration of the social and economic infrastructure of the region.

Scots pine stands in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Abstract The article presents the results of the research on the features of Pinus sylvestris L. condition and productivity in forest stands of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (in Kharkiv and Sumy regions) for 2006–2021. The study was carried out using the ‘Forests of Ukraine’ Database as of 01.01.2017, and the results of field research at 30 temporary sample plots (TSP), 3 permanent sample plots (PSP) (in 2006–2018), and 13 monitoring plots (2009–2021). Generally accepted methods and new standards were used. The dynamics of forestry and evaluation indicators of Scots pine stands at sample plots were analyzed and compared with high-productive Scots pine stands. The characteristics of natural regeneration are given. It was revealed that the age structure of pine stands is not optimal: there is an excess of middle-aged stand areas. Changes in the structure and development of managed Scots pine stands with respect to changing environmental conditions were observed for 2009–2021. Studied forest stands showed a tendency for negative changes in stand structural characteristics related to regeneration and growth. Drought mainly in combination with even medium anthropogenic impact can further worsen the health status of Scots pine stands in lowland areas of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Thus, the formulation of forest management measures to mitigate the impact of these stress factors is needed.

Archaeological Sights of Oleshnia District (Based on the Materials of Boris Baturyn’s Land Map of 1724)

The purpose of the article. The article aims to analyse archeological monuments depicted on a little-known cartographic source – the land map of the Oleshnya district of the first half of the 18th century.
 Scientific novelty. A 1724 land map authored by geodesist Borys Baturyn is introduced into scientific circulation. It depicts the Oleshnya District as of the first third of the 18th century. The map contains images of administrative boundaries and settlements. However, in our opinion, the image of two hillforts of the Ancient Rus era and an ancient rampart is the most interesting. On the map, it runs from the Kukuyeve hillfort to the village of Stanova in the upper reaches of the Buimer.
 Conclusions. The studied map is one of the series of “Partied el’Ukraine”, which were compiled by geodetic surveyors from 1721 to 1725. The map is a little-known but quite informative source for the location and names of settlements in the district, as well as archaeological monuments. It is the result of several years of work by two cartographers – Borys Baturyn and Ivan Khrushchev, who worked in several districts located in the territory of the modern Sumy region.
 The two hillforts pictured on the map were well-known landmarks at the time, mentioned in administrative documents of the second half of the 17th century. The greatest attention was paid to the localization and definition of the third archaeological object, which was drawn during the compilation of the map. This is an ancient rampart that has not been discovered so far and is mentioned only in this source. The authors assume its emergence on the map.