Prosopis Cineraria Research Articles

Hepatoprotective Effect of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Prosopis Cineraria on Paracetamol Induced Hepatotoxicity in Swiss Albino Mice

Aim: To evaluate the protective effect of methanolic leaf extract of Prosopis Cineraria on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Materials and Methods: 30 Swiss albino mice of eithersex mice were used in this study and divided into 5 groups (for each 6). Group 1 Control group fed basal diet and maintained as positive control group. Group 2 received Paracetamol in a dose of (3 g/kg b. wt.). Group 3 received Paracetamolalong with Standard Drug (Silymarin) in a dose of (100 mg/kg). Groups 4 and 5 were treated with Paracetamol along with plant extracts of Prosopis Cineraria at a dose level of 250 g/kg and 500 mg/kg. Results:The activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), triglyceride (TG), bilirubin, and total protein were measured. The values of urea, sodium, potassium and chloride were significantly increased in rats exposed to paracetamol. Moreover, administration of paracetamol resulted in damage to liver structures. Administration of methanolic extract of Prosopis Cineraria before Paracetamol exposure prevented severe alterations of biochemical parameters and disruptions of liver structures. Conclusions: This study obviously demonstrated that pre-treatment with methanolic extract of Prosopis Cinerariasignificantly attenuated the physiological and histopathological alterations induced by paracetamol.

Phytochemical Screening and In vitro Antimicrobial Study of Prosopis cineraria L. Bark

Medicinal plants are more readily available and less expensive than synthetic compounds and play an important role in treating infectious diseases. The emergence of multidrug resistance among various groups of microorganisms against various antibiotics prompted researchers to develop effective multidrug-resistant strain-fighting drugs derived from plants. The medicinal plant produces phytochemicals, essential components of the plant's defence system. The present study aims to determine the phytochemical efficacy of metabolites and in vitro antimicrobial activity of Prosopis cineraria methanolic bark extract against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The methanolic crude bark extract was prepared by the Soxhlet method, and antimicrobial activity was investigated by the well diffusion method. The antibiotics Tetracycline and DMSO were used as the positive and negative control, respectively. The percent yield of crude extract was 7.9%. The preliminary phytochemicals screening for secondary metabolites revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids and steroids, while saponins, coumarins and anthraquinones were absent. Antimicrobial efficacy evaluated through Zone of inhibition was compared to standard antibiotic tetracycline and the results revealed high efficacy of bark extract against Staphylococcus aureus followed by Escherichia coli.

Extraction of Prosopis Cineraria from Bikaner, Rajasthan of India- Detection of Compounds via GCMS, Calibration via HPLC, UV, FTIR, FESEM EDAX- An Anti-Cancer Agent For Blood Cancer with Validated IC50 via Testing Over Country Eggs

In order to analyze the potential bioactive constituents of leaf extracts of Prosopis Cineraria/ Khejri- National tree of Rajasthan, a plant with enormous Ayurvedic properties, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) along with Ultra Violet Spectroscopy (UV) and added Field Emission Scanning Emission Microscope with Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (FESEM-EDAX) were carried out. The authors too demonstrated cell line studies via MTT Assay for MOLT 4, blood cancer in different concentrations and found Khejri as toxic with validated IC50. Further, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) were tested and certain compounds gave spectrum with few major peaks concluded by other results, most of which are bioactive compounds which may act as antimicrobial, anti-cancerous, antioxidant, antiviral and anti-inflammatory agents. On an all, Khejri/Sami leaves of Mimosaceae family of Spunge tree is having anti cancerous properties for blood cancer that may repair punctured blood vessels if being treated properly. The authors have demonstrated the testing over country eggs with treated/ untreated group of eggs and found the formation of blood vessels that gesture how effective the drug is, being composed of Khejri extract. It is not only confined to cancer diseases but acts as a very good agent for inflammation, digestion and conjunctivitis. On an all, this natural compound so extracted is found to be useful for blood cancer with IC50 as 57.11 that simply reflect that the medicine composed from the same will be highly beneficial for cancer patients - let it be Ayurvedic, homoeopathic or allopathic.

Allelopathic Effects of the Invasive Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. on Native Plants: Perspectives toward Agrosystems

Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. Is highly recognized for its invasive character and its detrimental effects on different plant species across the world. In this study, a field survey was performed to assess the impact of P. juliflora on the surrounding native plants, followed by the effect of different concentrations of its aqueous leaf extract on seed germination and seedling growth of selected Qatari flora. Our field observations indicated a high prevalence of new recruitments of P. juliflora than other native-associated plants in the study site. Germination percentage and/or seed radicle length of the test species: Acacia tortilis (Forssk.) Hayne, Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce, Sueda aegyptica (Hasselq.) Aellen, Halopeplis perfoliata (Forssk.) Bunge ex Schweinf. & Asch, and P. juliflora were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced by the extracts at different concentration levels. Moreover, the germination rate of A. tortilis was not affected; however, the seed germination of P. cineraria was significantly affected at concentrations of 6 and 8 mg mL−1. The seed radicle lengths at 2 mg mL−1 were significantly reduced for both plant species. The seed germination and radicle length of S. aegyptica and H. perfoliata were significantly decreased at 2 mg mL−1 of extract of P. juliflora. Furthermore, the height and biomass of the seedlings of Aeluropus lagopoides (L.) Trin. ex Thwaites, Caroxylon imbricatum (Forssk.), and Tetraena qatarensis (Hadidi) Beier & Thulin were significantly reduced by the aqueous extracts at 6 and 8 mg mL−1. The aqueous extract reduced the seed germination and seedling growth at 6 and 8 mg mL−1, indicating an autotoxic effect. Such allelopathic behavior of P. juliflora designates the potential investigation of using its allelochemicals as naturally based herbicides in agrosystems.

Effect of a novel dietary supplement Khejri, and Spirulina supplementation on lipid profile in cricket players.

Prosopis cineraria (Fabaceae) is known as Khejri in India or the golden tree of Indian deserts. It's potential as a dietary supplement in sports nutrition and its effect on regulating lipid profile has never been investigated. Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) is a superfood with high nutritional value and is a popular supplement among athletes. In the current study, Spirulina and Khejri were used as supplements by cricket players to improve their physical fitness and lipid profile. Both supplements were given to individual groups and in combination to see the combined effect. The intervention period was 21 days, and supplements were given in 500 mg doses daily. Lipid profile assessments were done before and after the intervention period. 40 cricket players were divided into 4 groups: Group 1 (n = 10): Both supplements, Spirulina and Khejri, Group 2 (n = 10): Supplement Spirulina, Group 3 (n = 10): Supplement Khejri, and Group 4 (n = 10): Control. When experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 were compared to the control group 4, significant reduction was observed in triglyceride levels (Group1 vs. control: 141.53 ± 14.74 vs. 199.28 ± 27.24, p < 0.05; Group 2 vs. control: 137.5 ± 14 vs. 199.28 ± 27.24, p < 0.05; Group 3 vs. control: 135.32 ± 17.34 vs. 199.28 ± 27.24, p < 0.05) and significant reduction in cholesterol levels was found post-intervention after 21 days of supplementation (Group1 vs. control: 149.75 ± 7.08 vs. 207.86 ± 11.69, p < 0.001; Group 2 vs. control: 178.28 ± 9.43 vs. 207.86 ± 11.69, p < 0.05; Group 3 vs. control: 142.92 ± 10.01 vs. 207.86 ± 11.69, p < 0.001). Cholesterol and Triglyceride levels were significantly decreased pre- vs. post-intervention by Khejri and Spirulina supplements in cricket players.

Allelopathic effects of the invasive species (Prosopis juliflora) on seedlings of two common arid plants: Does free proline play roles?

Prosopis juliflora is an invasive plant, representing a threat to native flora of arid lands. Its invasion appears to be driven by allelopathy. Arid plants have been reported to express increased content of proline when stressed by various ecological circumstances, but little is known about this when they are subjected to P. juliflora invasion. Here, allelopathic effects of P. juliflora were investigated in two common arid plant species (Prosopis cineraria and Vachellia tortilis). Seedlings of P. cineraria and V. tortilis were germinated in soils with P. juliflora leaves/pods powders and observed for 28 days. There were no demonstrated differences in growth parameters (i.e., root length, fresh mass, and length-to-fresh mass ratio) and chlorophylls content between the two species. Unlike V. tortilis seedlings, proline content of P. cineraria seedlings was profoundly augmented after exposure to P. juliflora powders, likely indicating a stressful condition imposed by the invasive species. Our findings support the inclusion of measurement of free proline, as an ecophysiological marker, in the future studies on P. juliflora invasion.

Electrochemical oxidation of textile effluents and further treatment by coupled system electrooxidation using Prosopis cineraria

This paper deals with study of physico-chemical analysis of waste water contaminated by effluents discharge from textile industries of Sanganer town, Jaipur and their treatment using electrochemical method of oxidation using boron-doped diamond electrodes and coupled system of electrooxidation with Prosopis cineraria. The degradation of pollutants has been confirmed by estimation of removal efficiencies of various parameters like turbidity, colour, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) before and after treatment of textile effluents contaminated water.

Effect of partial replacement of concentrate with Prosopis cineraria leaves on nutrient utilization, growth and carcass characteristics of Malpura lambs

A study was aimed to evaluate nutrient utilization, growth, carcass characteristics and meat quality of Malpura lambs fed concentrate mixture containing 10% Prosopis cineraria (Khejri) leaves. Malpura lambs (n=24, ∼3 months old) were distributed into two groups viz., T1 and T2 and fed concentrate mixture with P. cineraria leaves @ 0 and 10% of concentrate, respectively along with basal diet for 90 days. Metabolizable energy (ME) intake was lower (P=0.05) in T2 (1799 Kcal/d) which resulted in lower (P=0.05) average daily gain (131 g) and higher (P=0.03) feed conversion ratio (6.46). Digestibility of dry matter (60.6%), organic matter (63.2%), crude protein (65.4%), ether extract (72.8%), acid digestible fibre (18.1%) and cellulose (19.9%) was decreased and excretion of nitrogen through faeces was increased (P<0.05 resulting in nitrogen per cent of intake. Cooking loss was less (P<0.05), and TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) value of meat in T2 (0.46 mg/malonaldehyde/kg meat) was lower (P<0.05) indicating improved oxidative stability. Further, proportion of C18:3 (α-linolenic acid) and total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in longissimus thoracis muscle were also higher (P<0.05) in T2 as compared to T1. Hence, it can be concluded that replacement of concentrate mixture with 10% P. cineraria leaves lowered nutrient utilization and increased feed conversion ratio; but it showed positive effects on fatty acid profile and oxidative stability of meat.

Evaluation of Anti-corrosive Efficacy of Prosopis Cineraria Extract on the Nitric Acid Corrosion of Copper

Anti-corrosive propensity of Prosopis cineraria extract on the corrosion behavior of copper (Cu) in nitric acid (HNO3) medium was investigated by applying gravimetric technique. Corrosion inhibition efficiency of Prosopis cineraria was observed to enhance with increasing concentration of extract and reduce with elevation in temperature. The inhibitor underwent physisorption on the Cu metal surface. Adsorption characteristics were approximated by Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Highest inhibition efficiency (η%) 86.12 % was obtained at 303±1 K in fruit extract. It was observed that the extract acts as a benign potential corrosion inhibitor for Cu corrosion in 1.0 M HNO3 acid solution. Results revealed that existence of Prosopis cineraria extract enhances the energy of activation (Ea) of corrosion reaction. Adsorption parameters such as kinetic and thermodynamic [Gibbs free energy change (ΔG0ads) and adsorption equilibrium constant (Kads)] of adsorption process were determined from experimental data. These parameters show a strong interaction between surface of copper metal and inhibitor extract. The inhibitor adsorption process on surface of copper was found to be physical, exothermic and spontaneous. The surface morphology and characterization of copper was done by applying scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Toxicological effect of Parthenium hysterophorus on kidney and its amelioration with Prosopis cineraria leaves in wistar rats

Toxicological effect of Parthenium hysterophorus on kidney and its amelioration with Prosopis cineraria leaves in wistar rats

Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Studies of Salvadora persica, Prosopis cineraria and Tamarix aphyla Plants from Cholistan, Pakistan

Viral and bacterial infections are causing havoc to human health, wildlife, poultry and livestock since long. Current study was designed to carry out investigation of the antiviral and antibacterial potential of leaves of Salvadora persica, Prosopis cineraria and Tamarix aphyla from Cholistan by using HA/IHA titers and Agar disc diffusion methods. Extracts of these plants were tested against 4 different viruses i.e. Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV), Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) and Avian Influenza Virus (AIV-H9N2) and 5 different bacteria i.e. Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The drug ampicillin was used as a positive control. The results indicate that the n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts were more effective against viruses and bacteria as compared to ethanol, methanol, n-butanol and aqueous extracts. In comparison of plants, the extracts of S. persica were found to have highest antiviral potential while on the other hand the extracts of T. aphyla showed the best activity against bacteria. Overall these plants were most effective against IBDV and least effective against NDV and in comparison of bacterial pathogens, these plants were found to be highly effective against P. vulgaris and least effective against P. aeruginosa.

Determining effect of tree on wheat growth and yield parameters at three tree-base distances in wheat/Jand (Prosopis cineraria) agroforestry systems

Determining effect of tree on wheat growth and yield parameters at three tree-base distances in wheat/Jand (Prosopis cineraria) agroforestry systems

Green production of biologically active Ag and Ag–Cu nanoparticles from Prosopis cineraria pod waste extract and their application in epoxidation

The main focus of the current research is bio-nano-technologically produced nanoparticles (NPs) utilizing waste materials. There is a need for developing advanced technology to reduce waste in an eco-friendly way. Therefore, presently the discarded aqueous portion of Prosopis cineraria pod was used after boiling, to synthesize Ag and Ag–Cu NPs. FT-IR spectra illustrated the presence of phenyl propenoids and flavonoids displaying capping as well as reducing properties. TEM and SEM imaging exhibited an average size of Ag NPs (14 nm) and Ag–Cu NPs (27 nm). The crystallinity nature was confirmed by XRD, and the Cu in Ag–Cu NPs was validated through energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. According to the antimicrobial data, Saccharomyces cerevisiae displayed a zone of inhibition (ZOI) of 42.85% (Ag NPs) and 33.98% (Ag–Cu NPs) at lower concentrations (0.0321 mg/ml), while Bacillus subtilis was found most susceptible (85% ZOI) to Ag NPs at 0.5 mg/ml concentration. Further, these NPs (Ag and Ag–Cu) were utilized in the epoxidation of alkene moieties. Ag NPs showed lower conversion (65%), while Ag–Cu NPs were very active for epoxidation of linalool (93% conversion), suggesting the presence of Cu-facilitated epoxidation. To the best of our knowledge for the first time, aqueous waste is applied to prepare green NPs that can be used as antimicrobial agents and in the synthesis of platform chemicals (epoxide) for industrial aspects. These inexpensive ways of producing green NPs have been utilized several times and have found potential applications in nano-medicine, therapeutics, and modification of monoterpenoids to fine fragrance.

The potential of endophytic bacteria from Prosopis cineraria for the control of Pythium aphanidermatum-induced damping-off in cucumber under saline water irrigation

The potential of endophytic bacteria from Prosopis cineraria for the control of Pythium aphanidermatum-induced damping-off in cucumber under saline water irrigation

Eco-luxury: Making sustainable drugs and cosmetics with Prosopis cineraria natural extracts

Climate change associated with global warming is a major warning of the twenty-first century, threatening ecosystems through uncontrolled temperature rises, drought, lack of water with a strong impact on productivity, economy, and worldwide life well-being. In most cases, the poor regions of the planet suffer from a lack of exploitable resources deriving from natural reserves. For this reason, wild vegetables able to grow in deserted areas are attracting increasing attention due to their beneficial properties. Among them, Prosopis cineraria has been recently recognized in the UAE not only as a cultural heritage but also as a potential source of raw materials for agri-food and pharmaceutics still poorly valued. P. cineraria occurs in most of the world's hot arid and semi-arid regions as a native or introduced species and, due to its multiple properties, could be exploited for medical, food, and, more recently, in different growing productivity fields like a luxury, especially in countries like the UAE. The use of actives-rich natural sources offers clear advantages over synthetic compounds in terms of process and product eco-sustainability. In this manuscript, we review the main properties and potential applications of P. cineraria aiming to promote the scientific interest toward the development of innovative approaches in several productive fields, including pharma and cosmetics, exploiting the versatility of materials that can be extracted from the various parts of the plant and discuss commercialization opportunities of the plant to support biodiversity and sustainability. In conclusion, P. cineraria turns out to be a plant able to grow in hostile environments, already providing nutrients for populations of Western Asia and the Indian subcontinent and possibly translatable to poor arid regions.

Effect of Tree Leaf Litterfall on available Nutrients and Organic Carbon Pools of Soil

A study was conducted to investigate the effect of leaf litterfall of shelterbelt, Azadirachta indica, Ailanthus excels and Prosopis cineraria and control (devoid of trees) on available nutrients and organic carbon pools of soil from 3 distances (2, 5 and 10m) The total litterfall during the study period ranged between 1712 and 4126kg/ha and it was found maximum in the month of January and it was minimum in February in different plantations. Annual litterfall showed considerable variation among different plantations. Litter accumulation under the different plantations canopy was highest in the shelterbelt followed by Prosopis cineraria and lowest in the Azadirachta indica. There was improvement in soil organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, available macro (N, P and K) and micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu) tree species when compared to field without trees. Significant improvement in soil organic carbon (0.14 to 0.26 %), available N (55.9 to 116.6kg/ha) P (9.6 to 13.6kg/ha) and K (188.9 to 248.3kg/ha) was observed under these tree species compared to field without trees. The content of Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn and was 15, 25, 40 and 51 percent, respectively higher under these tree species than the control field. The amount of nutrients returned to the soils through litter was significantly highest at 2m distance under different plantations. The present study indicated that these available nutrients and organic carbon pools improved significantly across the different land use system. Due to intensive cultivation and monocropping, the fertility of soil is deteriorating day by day. Simultaneously it is creating a pressure on the natural resources like soil because the population is increasing day by day. Therefore, it is wise to use degraded and problematic soil for cultivation. Agroforestry systems have been recognized as an alternative for the rehabilitation of degraded areas and it provides ecosystem services and reduces human impacts on natural forests (Nair et al., 2009). Tree based land use systems have special role in reclamation of wastelands, use of poor-quality waters, organic carbon build up and moderating climate change related risks. In areas of Haryana and Rajasthan trees like Prosopis cineraria, Azadirachta indica and Ailanthus excels are more beneficial under adverse environments due to their drought hardiness, resistance to inhospitable climate and assured economic returns. These tree species can be grown on soils having poor fertility, moisture deficit and high soil temperature.

Nutritional and Mineral Composition Analysis of Desert Plants: A case study

The wild arid and semi-arid plants of desert are used as food and medicine by the people of Desert. In this case study, selected plants were characterized physico-chemically for their nutritional and mineral importance by different analytical methods. Analysis showed that crude fibers and protein dominated in plant samples among all nutrients with an average concentration of 38% and 21% respectively. The edible parts of plants generally showed higher concentration of Ca and Mg as compared to Na and K. Calligonum polygonoides found comparatively rich in total sugars and ash contents. Similarly, crude fibers (45%), crude lipids (16%) and phosphorous (32 ppm) were observed higher in Leptadenia pyrotechnica. However, Prosopis cineraria contained higher contents of moisture and protein (24%) among other plants. The statistical presentation by discrimination analysis showed that arid plant found rich in most of the nutrients and minerals except phosphorous and proteins as compared to semi-arid plants with relatively higher moisture contents

Characterization of biochar produced from Al Ghaf Tree for CO2 Capture

Climate change, global warming, and rise in water levels are environmental problems caused by the high emissions of greenhouse gases, and the most harmed one is carbon dioxide. Biochar is a material produced by thermochemical conversions with oxygen-depleted conditions of organic materials, and this process calls pyrolysis. Recently, it has been evaluated as a carbon dioxide capture, and its porous structure, structural properties, and production methods are easy. Al Ghaf (Prosopis cineraria) tree is one of the United Arab Emirates’ national trees with a wide range of intriguing properties, including high nutritional value, medicinal/pharmaceutical potential, and biosorption. This paper focuses on the biochar synthesized from three parts of the Al Ghaf tree: leaves, roots, and branches, to determine which part can achieve the maximum carbon dioxide capture. The ability of the produced biochar to capture carbon dioxide was tested through direct gas–solid​ interaction inside an integrated fluidized bed reactor. The carbon dioxide adsorption capacity was expressed by two methods related to (a) the loaded biochar mass and (b) the total amount of carbon dioxide fed to the reactor. The carbon dioxide adsorption capacity results concerning the loaded mass were 6.88%, 5.50%, and 3.63% for leaves, roots, and branches, respectively. At the same time, the results based on the total amount of carbon dioxide fed were 65.5%, 58.7%, and 37.7% for leaves, roots, and branches, respectively. Such results were confirmed by the physicochemical characteristics of the synthesized biochar using Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction analysis. Al Ghaf tree requires further study and inquiry to identify the most appropriate applications.

HMG‐CoA reductase inhibition medicated hypocholesterolemic and antiatherosclerotic potential of phytoconstituents of an aqueous pod extract of Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce: In silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies

AbstractHydrophilic bioactive compounds are copiously exhibited in aqueous extracts owed to solubility. The study was assigned to assess the ability of phytoconstituents of aqueous pod extract of Prosopis cineraria to inhibit 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutary‐coenzyme A (HMG‐CoA) reductase activity and regression in atherosclerotic plaque through in vitro, in vivo, and in silico assessments along with phytochemistry of extract. The test extract exhibited 17 leading compounds as examined by Liquid Chromatograph Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectroscope. In vitro assay of test extract showed 78.1% inhibition of HMG‐CoA inhibition (IC50 was 0.03 μg/ml). In vivo assessments, hypercholesterolemia was induced by supplementing cholesterol powder and a high‐fat diet. The treatment of test extract caused significant (p ≤ 0.001) improvements in the lipid profile and antioxidant levels. Subsequently, the reductions in the atherosclerotic plaque and improved lumen volume were pointedly observed. In silico analyses of molecular docking revealed potent interaction capabilities of cloprostenol with the target protein of HMGR. The interactions were validated through structural simulations of the molecular dynamics such as root mean square fluctuation, the radius of gyration, and solvent accessible surface area. The druggability of potent compounds was also examined. The results revealed that phytoconstituents of the test extract could inhibit HMGR and regress atherosclerotic plaque.

Evaluation of anti-asthmatic activity of aqueous extract of bark of Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce against milk induced leukocytosis and eosinophilia

Evaluation of anti-asthmatic activity of aqueous extract of bark of Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce against milk induced leukocytosis and eosinophilia