Summer Pearlmillet Research Articles

Influence of irrigation and hydrogel on transplanted summer pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.

Influence of irrigation and hydrogel on transplanted summer pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.

Evaluation of Critical Period of Crop Weed Competition for Enhanced Weed Management and Yield of Summer Pearl Millet

The field experiment was conducted at Instructional farm of Department of Agronomy, Navsari Agriculture University, Navsari during summer season of 2021 to 2023 to study critical crop-weed competition in summer pearl millet. There were 10 treatments comprising of initial weed free periods of 10, 20, 30 and 40 days after sowing (DAS) and weedy 10, 20, 30 and 40 DAS along with weedy till harvest (un-weeded check) and weed free till harvest (weed free check), were replicated thrice in the randomized block design. Results revealed that maintaining a weed-free condition from 20 to 40 DAS significantly increased the yield of pearl millet, whereas the lower yield was recorded when weeds were allowed to grow during this period. The maximum competition between crop and weed was between 20 to 40 DAS, which can be considered as critical period of crop-weed competition. To avoid the yield loss, integrated weed management can effectively overcome the problems of weed shift and development of resistance in weeds and reduce the weed seed bank and manage the weeds below the economic threshold level to avoid any economic loss in summer pearl millet.

Effect of foliar application of nano urea on growth, yield and profitability of summer pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)

Effect of foliar application of nano urea on growth, yield and profitability of summer pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)

Effect of Drip Fertigation on Growth and Quality Parameters of Summer Pearlmillet under North Gujarat Agro-climatic Condition

A field experiment was conducted during the two consecutive summer seasons of 2021 and 2022 at Agronomy Instructional Farm, Chimanbhai Patel College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar to asses the effect of drip fertigation on growth and quality parameters of summer pearlmillet under North Gujarat condition. There were 18 treatment combinations comprising two irrigation intervals viz., One and Two days interval; three moisture regimes viz., 100, 80 and 60% ETc in the main plot and three levels of N fertigation viz., 100, 80 and 60% RDN in sub-plot were tested in split plot design with three replications. The pooled results of irrigation interval, moisture regime and fertigation practice show that application of irrigation at alternate day under 100% ETc along with 100% RDN through drip fertigation had a significant effect on crop growth, yield and yield contributing characters and quality parameters and their values were significantly higher than other irrigation interval, drip irrigation regimes and fertigation levels. It also uptake significantly higher nitrogen and phosphorus in grain and straw of pearlmillet raised during summer season.

Liquid nano urea fertilizer: Its impact on nutrient quality and uptake in summer pearl millet

Liquid nano urea fertilizer: Its impact on nutrient quality and uptake in summer pearl millet

Response of Intercropping of Pearl Millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.)] + Green Gram [Vigna radiata] on Yield and Economics under Sandy Loam Soils of Rajasthan, India

The existing experiment was conducted at MJRPU, Jaipur during 2021-22 season. Nowadays fertility of soil was decreasing day by day so the present investigation was conducted to assess the fertility as well as other effects on growth and yield of both the crops. The experiment was conducted using randomized block design with 10 treatment combination replicated thrice. The treatments were as T1-Pearl millet (drilled) + Green gram (1:1) 45 cm, T2-Pearl millet (drilled) + Green gram (2:1) 45 cm, T3-Pearl millet (drilled) + Green gram (1:2) 30 cm, T4-Pearl millet (drilled) + Green gram (2:2) 30 cm, T5-Pearl millet (T. P.) + Green gram (1:1) 45 cm, T6-Pearl millet (T. P.) + Green gram (2:1) 45 cm, T7-Pearl millet (T. P.) + Green gram (1:2) 30 cm, T8-Pearl millet (T. P.) + Green gram (2:2) 30 cm, T9-Pearl millet sole (drilled) 45 cm and T10-Pearl millet sole (T. P.) 45 cm. From the current examination it can be concluded that higher growth parameters, growth, grain yield, straw yield, and net realization of summer pearl millet could be achieved either sole pearl millet crop when transplanted at 45 cm or 30 cm, or when it is transplanted as an intercrop with green gram at a row ratio of 2:1 of 45 cm or sole pearl millet crop when sown by drill method at 45 cm row spacing. The soil available nitrogen also found non-significant at harvest.

Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Yield and Quality of Summer Pearlmillet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] Varieties

A field experiment on “Effect of integrated nutrient management on yield and quality of summer pearlmillet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] varieties” was carried out during summer 2022 on loamy sand soil of Agronomy Instructional Farm, C. P. College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar. The experiment was laid out in RBD with factorial concept with four replication. The result revealed that significantly higher plant height, effective tillers/plant, girth, length and weight of earhead, grain weight/earhead, grain yield (3366 kg/ha), straw yield (5970 kg/ha) and protein yield were recorded with GHB 1129. It also gave the higher net return (₹53663/ha) and BCR (2.233). Significantly higher plant height, effective tillers/plant, girth, length and weight of earhead, grain weight/earhead, grain yield (3576 kg/ha), straw yield (6271 kg/ha), protein yield and net return (₹57639/ha) with an application of RDF + 30 kg/ha FeSO4∙7H2O. An application of RDF (120-60-00 kg/ha N-P2O5-K2O) recorded higher value of BCR (2.277).

Effect of the summer pearl millet-groundnut intercropping system on the growth, productivity and competitive ability of crops under south Odisha conditions

A millet-based intercropping system is common in dryland and rainfed conditions. Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) exhibits wide adaptability to different agroclimatic conditions and seasons, making it suitable for an intercropping system. Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) is a leguminous oil-seed crop that can be cultivated as an intercrop in various cereals and millets to enhance productivity and resource efficiency. Based on these facts, the present study was conducted at the Research Farm of Centurion University of Technology and Management during the summer season of 2022 to assess the effect of the summer pearl millet + groundnut intercropping system on the growth, productivity, and competitive ability of crops under the conditions of south Odisha. The experiment consisted of nine treatments. In case of pearl millet, the highest plant height at harvest was achieved in pearl millet (30 cm × 10 cm) + groundnut (1:1) (186 cm), while the maximum plant height of groundnut at harvest was observed in pearl millet (45 cm × 10 cm) + groundnut (1:2) (70cm). Dry matter production at harvest and leaf area index (LAI) at 60 days after sowing (DAS) of pearl millet were highest in pearl millet sole (857 g m-2 and 2.19, respectively). The maximum dry matter production at harvest was found in groundnut sole. The highest yield of individual crops was observed in their pure stands, with 2677 kg ha-1 and 2633 kg ha-1 of pearl millet grain and groundnut pod, respectively. Among mixed stands, pearl millet (30 cm × 10 cm) + groundnut (1:1) and pearl millet (45 cm × 10cm) + groundnut (1:1) showed superior values of different competition functions, such as aggressivity, relative crowding coefficient, monetary advantage, land equivalent ratio, and area time equivalent ratio. The results concluded that pearl millet and groundnut could be intercropped with a 1:1 row proportion with pearl millet spacing of either 30 cm × 10 cm or 45 cm × 10 cm in south Odisha conditions.

Effect of Spacing and Hybrid on Quality of Summer Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) under South Gujarat Condition

A field experiment conducted during summer season 2018 on College Farm, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari on heavy black soil consisting nine treatments combinations were laid out in Randomized block design with factorial concept with four replications. The results revealed that the highest yield and net return of summer pearl millet was obtained with row spacing 45 × 15 cm or 60 × 15 cm along with hybrid GHB – 732 or GHB –558. Sowing of pearl millet at 45 × 15 cm row spacing showed significantly higher protein yield (508.85 kg/ha), grain yield (4775 kg/ha), straw yield (7828 kg/ha), nutrients uptake by grain and straw and maximum net realization of Rs.81295/ha with BCR of 3.07. The hybrid GHB-732 gave significantly higher protein yield (498.75 kg/ha), grain yield (4579 kg/ha), straw yield (7536 kg/ha), nutrients (N and K) uptake and total uptake by grain and straw and maximum net realization of Rs.77014/ha with highest BCR 2.91.

Influence of irrigation scheduling and nitrogen management on growth and yield of transplanted summer pearl millet in middle Gujarat conditions

Influence of irrigation scheduling and nitrogen management on growth and yield of transplanted summer pearl millet in middle Gujarat conditions

Survey of insect pests of summer pearl millet in Gujarat

Survey of insect pests of summer pearl millet in Gujarat

Consumptive Use, Water Use Efficiency and Moisture Extraction Pattern of Summer Pearl Millet in Western Maharashtra as Influenced by Sowing Times and Irrigation Regimes

A field experiment was conducted during summer 2010 and 2011 at Water Management Project Farm, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahemadnagar, Maharashtra, India to find out appropriate sowing times and irrigation regimes for summer pearl millet. Twelve treatment combinations were investigated in this study: four with sowing times including D1 - 6th MW (5th - 11th February), D2 - 8th MW (19th - 25th February), D3 - 10th MW (5th - 11th March) and D4 - 12th MW (19th - 25th March) and the remaining three treatments were of irrigation regimes I 1 - 100 mm CPE, I 2 - 125 mm CPE and I 3 - 150 mm CPE. Irrigation water for all treatments was precisely supplied using Replouge flume. The consumptive use of water was more in 8th MW (394.2 mm) followed by 6th MW (391.0 mm) and 10th MW (382.2 mm). The consumptive use of water was more in 100 mm CPE irrigation regime (443.47 mm), followed by 125 mm (379.67 mm) and 150 mm CPE (321.0 mm) irrigation regime. Whereas, reverse trend was noticed for water use efficiency was more in 150 mm CPE (8.16 kg ha-1 mm-1) irrigation regime. The soil moisture extraction was more from middle soil moisture layer of 15-30 cm in 6th MW followed by sowing of crop in 8th, 10th and 12th MW during both the years. The soil moisture extraction from surface layer of 0-15 cm was more with 100 mm CPE irrigation regime owing to adequate moisture supply followed 125 mm CPE and 150 mm CPE irrigation regime during both the years. The sowing of summer pearl millet in 8th MW increased grain yield (30.09 q ha-1), consumptive use (394.16 mm) and net monetary returns (Rs. 25742 ha-1) while the 100 mm CPE irrigation regimes increased grain yield (29.48 q ha-1), consumptive use (443.47 mm) and net monetary returns (Rs. 23784 ha-1). Results indicated that 100 mm CPE irrigation treatment gave the highest crop yield, followed by 125 mm CPE and 150 mm CPE irrigation regimes treatments. Increasing water stress sharply decreased biomass production. Water use efficiency (WUE) was increased as inadequate water is supplied to crop (150 mm CPE irrigation regime). Results also proved that summer pearl millet sowing in 8th MW (19-25th February) and irrigating with 100 mm CPE irrigation regime treatment is a practical tool to harvest maximum crop yield, monetary benefits and water use efficiency.

Sensitivity analysis of three pearl millet cultivars to varying temperature and CO2 concentration on summer pearl millet in south Saurashtra Agro-climatic zone of Gujarat using CERES-MILLET model

The sensitivity analysis of three cultivars (GHB 538, GHB 558 and GHB 732) of pearl millet was performed to study the impact of climate change on summer pearl millet in south Saurashtra Agroclimatic zone of Gujarat using calibrated CERES-millet model by changing maximum and minimum temperatures by -4 to +4 °C and increasing concentration of CO2 upto 530 ppm. Results revealed that with increase in maximum temperature by 4 °C, the grain yield was decreased by 11.4 to 19.9 % and anthesis and maturity was decreased by 10 to 13 days in different cultivars. The effect of minimum temperature was also of the similar order to maximum temperature, but the varietal differences were observed. The simulated grain yield increased up to 18.2 %, anthesis increased up to 11 days and maturity increased up to 17 days with elevated CO2 concentration of 530 ppm.

Calibrate and validate CERES-MILLET model under variant environmental condition for different cultivars of summer pearl millet in south Saurashtra region

The field experiment was conducted during summer season of year 2019 at Instructional Farm, Department of Agronomy, JAU, Junagadh (Gujarat). The experiment was laid out in split plot design, consisting 36 treatment combinations comprised of four sowing dates were 25th January (D1), 5th February (D2), 15th February (D3) and 25th February (D4) and three varieties were GHB-538 (V1), GHB558 (V2) and GHB-732 (V3) with three replications. The result showed that the percent error was below 10 % in most of variables except biomass and harvest index. Thus, model simulated well for anthesis, physiological maturity, grain yield, stover yield and test weight, while, biomass and harvest index simulated fairly well. The mean bias error in all variables were positive, which showed that result were over simulated, except biomass and stover yield. The PE values in most of the cases was less than 10 %, which indicate that results were well matched with model, except biomass and harvest index.

Effect of levels and scheduling of nitrogen on economic, quality, nutrient content, uptake and soil status of pearl millet

A field experiment entitled “Response of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) to levels and scheduling of nitrogen under south Gujarat condition was conducted on heavy black soil at the College Farm, N. M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari (Gujarat) during the summer season 2016. The experiment comprising twelve treatment combinations were laid out in factorial randomized block design and replicated three times. The treatment consisted combinations of four levels of nitrogen viz. 60 kg N/ha (N1), 80 kg N/ha (N2), 100 kg N/ha (N3) and 120 kg N/ha (N4) and three scheduling of nitrogen viz. 50% at basal + 50 top dressing at 30 DAS (M1), 50% at basal + 50% top dressing at 45 DAS (M2) and 50% at basal + 25% top dressing at 30 DAS + 25% top dressing at 45 DAS (M3). The recommended dose of phosphorus @ 40 kg/ha was applied uniformly to all the treatment as basal in form of single super phosphate. Nitrogen was applied as per treatment in form of urea. The result of the experiment showed that maximum gross return and net return obtained with 120 kg N/ha followed by 100 kg N/ha and 80 kg N/ha. NPK content in grain and straw found non significant with respect to nitrogen level. However uptake of NPK were significantly higher with 120 kg N/ha which was at par with 100 kg N/ha. Nutrient status of soil were not affected significantly with respect to N and P2O5, but K2O status significantly increased with 120 kg N/ha followed by 100 kg N/ha In case of scheduling of nitrogen, maximum gross return and net return secured with 50% at basal + 25% top dressing at 30 DAS + 25% top dressing at 45 DAS (M3) followed by 50% at basal + 50% top dressing at 45 DAS (M2). NPK content in grain and straw found non significant with respect to nitrogen. Significantly higher uptake of NPK reported with 50% at basal + 25% top dressing at 30 DAS + 25% top dressing at 45 DAS (M3) followed by 50% at basal + 50% top dressing at 45 DAS (M2). Nutrient status of soil was not affected significantly with respect to N and P2O5, but K2O status significantly increased with splitting. Thus based on one year field experimentation, it is concluded that higher quality, nutrient uptake, soil status and better economic returns of summer pearl millet can be obtained by fertilizing the crop with 80 kg N/ha and scheduling at 50% at basal + 50% top dressing at 45 DAS along with recommended fertilizer dose of 40 kg P2O5 /ha.

Effect of iron and zinc fortification on chemical properties of soil and nutrient content and uptake by summer pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. Emend. Stuntz)

An experiment was conducted at the Instructional Farm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, JAU, Junagadh during summer season of 2019 on medium black calcareous soil. The experiment containing 9 treatment combinations was arranged in factorial randomized block design with 3 replications. The results revealed that N content and uptake by grain and stover of pearl millet was significantly higher under FeSO4 @ 1.0% at 25 & 50 DAS and ZnSO4 @ 0.5% at 25 & 50 DAS. Zinc concentration in pearl millet increased with zinc application, but decreased with increasing foliar spray of iron. While iron concentration in pearl millet increased with iron application, but decreased with increasing foliar spray of zinc. Available zinc in soil after harvest was significantly higher under ZnSO4 @ 0.5% at 25 & 50 DAS. Whereas, Available iron in soil after harvest was significantly higher under FeSO4 @ 1.0% at 25 & 50 DAS. Available N, P2O5 and K2O in soil after harvest were not affected by foliar spray of zinc and iron.

Impact of Cropping Systems and Resource Conservation Techniques on Productivity and Profitability of Systems

Background: A suitable cropping system seem to be the possible solution to meet the continuous increase in demand for food, stability of income and diverse requirement of food grains. Selection of suitable cropping system for conservation of resources has prime importance now a day. The cropping systems selected in study have higher potential of production along with incorporable residues during winter. The residues of cotton, castor and mustard crops (Crops in selected cropping systems) have more potential to feed nutrients to soil as compared to burning. So incorporation of such crop residues in to soil helps to recycle the nutrients to correct their deficiencies. Farmyard manure is being used as major source of organic manure in field crops. Thus to maintain the soil health, integrated nutrient management approaches involving FYM and mineral source need to be standardized. So there is need to find out agronomically efficient and economically viable cropping system which can perform better for increasing productivity and profitability with association of conservation of natural resources. Methods: The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. Sixteen treatment combinations comprising of four cropping system treatments viz, C1 : Cotton- Summer Pearlmillet, C2 : Greengram + Kharif Castor (Relay), C3 : Greengram - Mustard - Summer Pearlmillet and C4 : Greengram - Rabi Castor and two residue incorporation treatments viz, R0 : No residue incorporation and R1 : Residue incorporation as well as two fertilizer doses viz, F1 : 100% RDN through inorganic fertilizer and F2 : 75% RDN through inorganic fertilizer + 25% RDN through FYM were evaluated in the study. Result: Cotton - summer pearlmillet cropping system found significantly superior by recording higher pearlmillet equivalent yield, system productivity and system profitability while, total weed count/m2 and total weed dry weight were found the lowest under greengram- kharif castor (relay) cropping system. Residue incorporation secured top position by recording significantly the highest pearlmillet equivalent yield, system productivity and system profitability as well as lowest total weed count/m2 and total weed dry weight. Application of 75% RDN through inorganic fertilizer + 25% RDN through FYM recorded significantly highest pearlmillet equivalent yield, system productivity and system profitability. In case of weed count and weed dry weight, 100% RDN through inorganic fertilizer found significantly superior by recording lowest total weed count/m2 and total weed dry weight.

Effect of integrated nutrient management on content, uptake and quality of summer pearlmillet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) under south Gujarat condition

A field experiment was conducted during summer season of 2018 at Collage Farm, N. M. Collage of Agriculture University, Navsari, Gujarat, to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on summer pearl millet under south Gujarat condition. Two levels of manure (no compost and vermicompost @ 10 t/ha), three fertilizer levels (no RDF, 75 per cent RDF and 100 per cent RDF) and two levels of biofertilizer (no seed inoculation and seed inoculation with Azotobacter @ 2 ml/kg seeds) were compared. Application of 10 tonnes vermicompost/ha recorded significantly higher nutrient (N, P2O5 and K2O) content, uptake, protein content and protein yield over control. Improvement in nutrient content, uptake, protein content and protein yield were also noticed with 100 per cent RDF. Seed inoculation with Azotobacter also increased nutrient content, uptake, protein content and protein yield of pearlmillet over control.

Effect of Technological Intervention on Yield of Summer Pearl Millet

Front line demonstrations (FLDs) were conducted by pearl millet Research Station, JAU, Jamnagar on 313 farmers’ field in 125 hectares of different 98 villages of Gujarat state during summer season of 2015 to 2019. Prevailing farm practices were treated as control for comparison with recommended package i.e. improved variety (GHB 558, GHB 538, GHB 732), seed rate 4 kg/ha, timely sowing (15 Feb to 15 March), line sowing with spacing of 60 cm (R-R) and 10-12 cm (P-P), balanced use of fertilizers (NPK @120:60:0 kg/ha, thinning 15 days after sowing, weed management (pre emergence spray of Atrazin @ 0.5 kg/ha and one hand weeding), proper critical stage apply 8-10 irrigation, two foliar spray of profenophos 0.05 % at 20 and 40 days after germination to control shoot fly and stem borer pests infesting pearl millet, timely harvesting and threshing. The cumulative effect of technological intervention over five years, revealed average grain yield 4362 kg/ha and dry fodder yield 7365 kg/ha which is 6.17% and 12.76% higher over the farmers’ practices. The economics and cost benefit ratio of both farmers’ and improved practices was worked out. On an average net profit was obtained 6837 /ha due to adoption of improved package of practices. The average cost benefit ratio was 2.23 under improved demonstration practices, while it was 2.43 under farmers’ practices. By conducting the Front line demonstrations of proven technologies, yield potential and net income from pearl millet cultivation can be enhanced to a great extent with increase in the income level of the farming community.

Impact of cultivars and integrated nutrient management on growth, yield and economics of summer pearl millet.

Impact of cultivars and integrated nutrient management on growth, yield and economics of summer pearl millet.