Summer Moong Research Articles

Effect of Preceding Intercrops inBTCotton on The Productivity of Succeeding Wheat Crop and Total System Productivity

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different intercrops and row ratio on the growth, yield and quality of hybrid Bt cotton and effect of preceding intercrops in Bt cotton on the productivity of succeeding wheat crop and total system productivity. The results showed that different yield attributes, grain and straw yield of wheat were not significantly affected by different intercrops, though numerically higher wheat yield was obtained, where it was sown after legume intercrops viz. Bt cotton + cowpea fodder or Bt cotton + summer moong intercropping systems, as compared to that after sole Bt cotton and Bt cotton intercropped with other non legume intercrops viz. maize fodder, Bajra fodder and long melon etc. During 2010–11 crop season, all the intercropping systems except Bt cotton+ Bajra fodder-wheat and Bt cotton + long melon-wheat system recorded significantly higher total system productivity as compared to sole Bt cotton-wheat system. However, during 2011–12 crop season, intercropping systems like Bt cotton + maize fodder-wheat and Bt cotton + cowpea fodder-wheat system recorded significantly higher total system productivity as compared to sole Bt cotton-wheat system, Bt cotton + summer moong-wheat, Bt cotton + Bajra fodder-wheat and Bt cotton+ long melon-wheat systems. The land use efficiency in Bt cotton-wheat and Bt cotton based intercropping system-wheat varied from 93 to 96 percent as compared to 59–63 percent in sole crop-wheat based systems. With the introduction of legumes as sole or intercrop component, soil N status either improved or it remained same as initial status of the soil.

Fiscal viability of pulses cultivation in Punjab: An economic analysis

Punjab being a pioneer state in early adoption of green revolution technology resulted in making India self-sufficient in foodgrains production. The drastic change in cropping pattern during seventies in the state resulted in relegating pulses and coarse cereals to marginal and sub-marginal lands. India is dependent on pulses import to feed its ever growing population. To augment the production of pulses in India, National Food Security Mission (NFSM) - pulses was started in 2007-08 in some of the selected districts of various states which was later extended to the other districts of the country also. This study was conducted with the objective to see the relative profitability of pulses vis-à-vis their major competing crops. The selected districts of the study included one NFSM district- Ferozepur and non-NFSM district- Moga. The results of the study indicated that there turns per hectare from summer moong in Ferozepur and Moga districts increased after the initiation of NFSM-pulses programme. In case of <italic>Kharif</italic> moong and gram also, the returns per hectare increased in Ferozepur district but this increase was not much sharp. The profitability from total pulses vis-à-vis total major competing crops was little less despite additional returns from summer moong crop in total pulse production. The study highlighted that pulse crops are risky in terms of yield and thereby profitability, therefore, for promotion of these crops in the state, insurance cover to the growers should be provided to compensate the damage to the crop in case of severe incidence of insect-pest and diseases, unseasonal rainfalls and natural calamities. The study emphasised the need for development of efficient marketing mechanism as in case of wheat and paddy for pulse crops also in order to establish them as more lucrative and alternative enterprise to augment the farmers income.

Performance of Front Line Demonstrations on Summer Moong in Jalandhar district

Krishi Vigyan Kendra conducted front line demonstrations on summer moong variety SML 668 at farmers’ fields in district Jalandhar during years 2008 to 2013. The productivity and economic returns of summer moong in demonstrated plots were calculated and compared with the corresponding farmers’ practices (local check). The data obtained was pooled for six years. It was observed that on an average 15.9 per cent higher grain yield was recorded in demonstration plots than the farmers’ practices. The extension gap, technology gap and technology index were 1.3q/ha, 0.76q/ha and 6.7 per cent, respectively. An additional investments of Rs. 1,379/ha coupled with scientific monitoring of demonstrations and non-monetary factors resulted in additional return of Rs. 5,362/ha over the farmer's practice. Fluctuating minimum selling price of summer moong during different years influenced the economic returns per unit area.

Residue Management for Sustainable Crop Production in Summer Moong-Maize-Wheat Sequence

ABSTRACT A five-year field experiment evaluated the effects of wheat and summer moong (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) residue incorporation in summer moong-maize-wheat rotation on yield of crops and some soil properties. Wheat residue was incorporated before sowing of summer moong whereas residue incorporation treatments for maize included no residue, wheat residue (WR) incorporated before sowing of summer moong, summer moong residue (SMR) incorporated before maize sowing, and both WR and SMR incorporated before summer moong and maize sowing, respectively (WR+SMR). These residue treatments were superimposed with four levels of N (0,60,120 and 180 kg N ha−1). Residual effect of residue treatments was studied on following wheat at two levels of N (60 and 120 kg N ha−1). In a laboratory study, the release of mineral N increased substantially with SMR and WR+SMR but was prolonged with combined residue incorporation. The WR and SMR incorporation improved organic C, available P and available K content of soil estimated after five crop sequences. WR and WR+SMR incorporation decreased bulk density in 0-15 cm soil profile and improved available water content of soil. Summer moong yield was increased by wheat residue incorporation. Mean increase in maize yield with SMR and WR+SMR was 39 and 44 per cent, respectively, over no residue. Residue incorporation also increased potential maize yield. Sustainable yield index (the minimum guarantee that a given practice can provide in terms of yield over a period of time) of maize improved with SMR and WR+SMR incorporation and also with increase in fertilizer N. The wheat yields increased by 9 and 11.5 percent, respectively, with SMR and WR+SMR incorporation. Residues thus increased yields and improved soil quality in the Punjab region of India.

Long term effects of irrigation with petrochemical industry wastewater

Abstract Split plot designed field trials were conducted during 1988–1995 to study the long term effects of petrochemical industry wastewater on six crops and agricultural soils. It was observed that wastewater irrigation resulted in increased seed yield of all the crops selected, viz. wheat, triticale, chickpea, lentil and pigeonpea, except summer moong which showed a decrease in seed yield. Soil receiving the wastewater showed no significant changes in pH, total organic carbon, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, micro‐ and macro‐nutrients and SAR. Thus, it may be concluded that treated refinery wastewater met the irrigational quality requirements as its pysico‐chemical characteristics were within the permissible limits. The same could be said for the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil as well as in the grains making the latter safe for human consumption.

Studies of microclimatic conditions in summer moong as influenced by different mulches

A field experiment was conducted during summer season of 1990 at research farm of Department of Agricultural Meteorology, Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to study the microclimatic conditions in moong with the use of mulches. Latent heat enelgY and sensible heat energy were the main components of net energy. Among the various treatments, the latent heat energy use was found higher in black polythene sheet mulch. Soil temperature values were low in straw and white polythene mulch than black polythene mulch treatment
 

Microclimatic studies in summer moong (Vigna Radiata L. Wilczek) and bare fields

An experiment was conducted to study the microclimate of summer moong in relation to bare field. Albedo values were higher at flowering than maturity stage. Air temperature values were lower in cropped field than bare field values at flowering and maturity stage. The average relative humidity deviations were 1.8,4.4,5.0 and 3.6 per cent at flowering and 2.2, 3.0,4.2, 3.8 and. 3.2 per cent at maturity stage at 0800, 1000, 1200, 1400 and 1700 IST. The wind speed values were lower in lower in cropped field than bare field.

Effect of Nitrogen on Nitrate Reductase Activity in the Nodules and Leaves of Summer Moong (Vigna radiata)

Effect of Nitrogen on Nitrate Reductase Activity in the Nodules and Leaves of Summer Moong (Vigna radiata)

Influence of growing various crops in five different fixed rotations on the changes in nitrate and total nitrogen content of soils

SummaryThe results on the influence of various crops in five different fixed rotations on the ohanges in nitrate and total N content of soils are reported. Groundnut contributed largely to the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in the soil profile (to a depth of 120 cm). Bajra fodder exhausted the soil nitrogen reserve to a great extent. Wheat and maize, in a rotation, reduced nitrate leaching to deeper soil layers. Summer moong also left a large amount of unabsorbed nitrate in the profile. Total nitrogen content of the soil decreased after the harvest of cereals. Maximum depletion occurred after the harvest of bajra crop. Potato (a crop which received a heavy dressing of N fertilizer) and legumes contributed to the soil N reserve. A balance sheet of N indicated net gains of total soil N in four of the five cropping sequences. A net loss of 75 kg N/ha was observed in bajra fodder-potato-wheat rotation.

Intercropping summer moong (Vigna radiata) in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) -a feasibility study at Punjab

On farm trial on the effect of intercropping of summer moong (Vigna radiata) on growth, yield, and economics of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) was conducted at farmer’s fields in adopted villages of Krishi Vigyan Kendra viz., Kandola Kalan, Kaimwala, Mehsampur and Fatehpur in Jalandhar district during 2012 and 2013. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with nine treatments. The treatments were T1 - sole turmeric flat (30 cm x 20 cm), T2 - sole turmeric ridge (45 x 15 cm), T3 - sole turmeric ridge (60 x 10 cm), T4 - sole turmeric bed (67.5 cm), T5 - turmeric : summer moong (1:1) flat, T6 -turmeric : summer moong (1:1) ridge 45 x 20 cm, T7 - turmeric :summer moong (1:1) ridge 60 x 20 cm, T8 -turmeric : summer moong (2:1) bed 67.5 cm and T9 - turmeric : summer moong (2:2) bed 67.5 cm. In intercropping treatments, the planting of turmeric was done on the top of ridge and bed and summer moong was sown in furrows. The data on emergence count (30 and 60 DAS), plant height, tillers plant-1 (No.), dry matter accumulation, number of rhizomes (mother, primary, secondary), total rhizomes plant-1, rhizome yield (q ha-1) (fresh, dry and processed) were recorded. The treatments T8 and T9 where turmeric was planted on bed with summer moong in the furrow were found to be better for all the characters under study. The highest net returns of Rs 2.27 x 105 ha-1 with B : C ratio 4.89 was obtained in T9 -turmeric : summer moong (2:2) bed 67.5 cm followed by T8 -turmeric : summer moong (2:1) bed 67.5 cm and recorded lowest net returns of Rs 1.58 x 105 ha-1 with benefit: cost ratio 3.51 in T5 - turmeric : summer moong (1:1) flat. The study revealed that summer moong can be a better option as intercrop in turmeric than the sole turmeric crop for proper utilization of all resources.