Sumatera Utara Research Articles

Preface

The International Conference on Agriculture, Environment and Food Security (AEFS) is a prominent global conference organised by the Faculty of Agriculture at Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia. It provides a platform for sharing innovative and practical insights in agriculture, environment, and food security. Furthermore, it facilitates global communication among scientists, researchers, academics, resource managers, practitioners, students, policymakers, and everyone interested in agriculture, environmental sciences, and food security.The AEFS Conference has been conducted every year since 2017. The AEFS Conference has focused on the following themes over the past four years: Agriculture, Plantation, and Livestock for World Food Security (AEFS 2017); Prospects and Challenges of Sustainable Agriculture to Improve Food Security and Environment (AEFS 2018); Challenges on Food Security and Sovereignty in the Industrial Era 4.0 (AEFS 2019); Innovation and Technologies on Agricultural and Environmental Sustainability Systems (AEFS 2020); Precision Agriculture Technologies and Farming Systems Towards Food Security and Sustainability (AEFS 2021); Strengthening Sustainable Agriculture for A Better Future (AEFS 2022). In addition, the 7th AEFS 2023 had a theme centred around “Green Economy for Enhancing Food Security, Environmental and Agricultural Sustainability.” The event featured seven specific tracks, namely Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Economics, Food Science and Technology, Animal Science, Marine and Fisheries Science, Environmental Science, and Plant Science (including Agronomy and Plantation, Plant Breeding, Biotechnology, Integrated Pest Management, and Soil Science).List of Steering Committee and Organizing Committee are available in this Pdf.

Utilization azolla liquid organic fertilizer with goat manure to enhance organic okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) production

Azolla is found abundantly in rice fields in Indonesia, therefor potentially as a source of biological nitrogen derived from natural biological bodies that are renewable. The use of a combination liquid fertilizer from fermented azolla with goat manure which is used as a source of nutrients and to improve soil quality as an effort in developing and implementing sustainable agriculture in cultivation of okra plants, needs to be studied. Okra is a vegetable that has many benefits for health which can be consumed in fresh or processed form. This research was carried out on Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, from August to December 2022, using a randomsized block design with two factors, the first factor is azolla liquid organic fertilizer (75, 150, 225, and 300 ml/polybag) and the second factor is goat manure (0, 100, and 200 g/polybag). The application of 200 g/polybag goat manure with150 ml/polybag azolla liquid organic fertilizer or 100 g/polybag goat manure application with 300 ml / polybag azolla liquid organic fertilizer in okra plants can substitute the use of inorganic fertilizer for increased yield and environmental preservation.

The effect of different harvest times on the quality of red chili seeds for sustainable agriculture

Red chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most attractive agricultural commodities. To minimize risks in cultivating red chilies, high quality seeds must be used. These seeds are obtained from chili fruit from previous plantings. Chili fruit is harvested several times. This research aims to determine the effect of different harvest times on the quality of red chili seeds for sustainable agriculture. The research was carried out at the Seed Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan. This research used a Non-Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with seven harvest time treatments, namely harvest in the first week, harvest in the second week, harvest in the third week, harvest in the fourth week, harvest in the fifth week, harvest in the sixth week, and harvest in the seventh week. The parameters observed were the weight of 100 seeds, maximum growth potential, germination test, germination rate and vigor index. The research results show that harvest time has a significant effect on all parameters. Seed harvested in the third and fourth week are the best quality because they have the weight of 100 seeds, maximum growth potential and the highest vigor index and fastest germination rate.

Improvement in physio-biochemical characteristics of shallot plants with nano silica at several levels of drought stress

Plants are stressed if the environment in which they grow changes, which can reduce the rate of vegetative and generative growth and finally the production of plant. One of the factors that causes stress in plants is the availability of water which greatly influences the productivity of shallot plants as shown by changes in physiological and biochemical characters. Analysis of physiobiochemical characteristics of shallots for the application of nano silica at several levels of water stress is the aim of this research. Parameters analyzed at the Central Pharmacy Research Laboratory Faculty of Pharmacy, Tissue Culture Laboratory and Disease Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, November 2022 to March 2023. This study used RBCD with 2 treatment factors. The first factor namely water stress condition (80, 60 and 40% field capacity). The second factor namely the application of nano silica which consisted of 4 levels of concentration (0, 6, 12 and 18 g/l). The results showed that the addition of water based on field capacity at 80% optimal conditions significantly increasing chlorophyll a, b, and total, leaf relative water content, H2O2 and SOD enzymes. Application of nanosilica at concentration of 18 g/l significantly increased chlorophyll a, b and total.

Study on the Load Cell Utilization for Dynamic Torque Measurement in 3-Blade Savonius Wind Turbine Design

This paper presents the design and analysis of a Savonius wind turbine. Wind turbines harness wind energy to generate electricity, presenting a renewable and clean alternative to traditional power sources. This savonius wind turbine is a type of wind turbine that can rotate even at relatively low wind speeds, so it is necessary to develop a measuring instrument that has high accuracy and is affordable to evaluate the performance of this turbine. In this research, a load cell with an affordable price with a percentage error of approximately 15%, is used as a dynamic torque measurement tool on wind turbines, this torque parameter can be used as an important performance determinant of the wind turbine in generating power. This research was conducted in the Agricultural Machinery Workshop and Integrated Laboratoryy, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan from March to August 2022. The research is performed in several phases, which are 3D design, simulation, schematic design, prototype making, collecting actual data, analyzing actual data, and simulation data. The simulation results are compared with the actual data from the loadcell that has been tested, from the results of the comparison the accuracy value and deviation value of the instrument will be obtained.

Sosialisasi Pengembangan UMKM Melalui Pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi Di Desa Kasindir

Kasindir Village is one of the villages in Jorlang Hataran District, Kabupaten Simalungun, Sumatera Utara. Kasindir Village is a village that carries out agricultural, livestock, and trade activities. Kasindir Village has great potential for developing MSMEs in the village. The development of MSMEs is considered capable of realizing a sustainable economy and supporting local governments in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG's) program, especially in poverty and hunger eradication programs, sustainable economic growth, and employment. Community service implementers in Kasindir Village observed that MSME actors still require understanding and knowledge on utilizing information technology to advance their businesses. This includes packaging attractive products, providing the latest innovations, and promoting on social media to expand their market. MSME strategy development is able to realize the spirit of the SDGs. In this activity, the methods used to carry out community service activities are socialization and observation methods. Some of the problems faced by creative MSMEs in Kasindir Village include limited capital, raw materials, the use of very simple production equipment, and limited marketing media. Therefore, various parties, both government and private, need to provide support through sustainable business development programs.

Strategic Management Model for Legal Entity State Universities Toward a World Class University (WCU) Through a Strategic Intelligence Approach

Background: In the present era of global industrialization, universities are facing an increasing challenge to nurture human resources that are capable of thriving and excelling in global competition. Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU) serves as one of the largest universities in Indonesia and is counted among the 16 Legal Entity State Universities (LESU). As part of the strategic plan outlined by the relevant ministry, there is a priority program that encourages Indonesian universities to achieve the World Class University (WCU) predicate. This scenario necessitates an enhancement of academic reputation Internationally. Method: An explanatory with a quantitative approach was used, and the data were analyzed using Structural Equation Models (SEM). Results: Consequently, the result showed that strategic intelligence significantly and positively played a role in accelerating the influence of strategic management on the performance of the university in achieving WCU predicate. Typically, strategic management consists of strategy formulation, implementation, evaluation, and control. Conclusion: Strategic intelligence, including the upstream system, input quality, leadership system quality, and sound policy guidance, could be recommended as an appropriate approach to strengthen the capacity and expedite the achievement of USU's targets for the WCU predicate.

Responses of avocado (Persea americana) to various doses of compost fertilizer and watering interval

Avocado is a multifunctional plant that can be utilized in all parts. The growth of avocado and its yield can be achieved by fulfilling requirements for the growth and maintenance of the plant well. Planting on dry land requires the addition of organic fertilizer and optimal water requirements to increase organic matter content and plant fertility. This research aims to obtain the optimal dosage of compost and watering intervals for the growth of avocado (Persea americana). The research was carried out in the Greenhouse Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara. This research used a factorial completely randomized design (F-CRD) with the addition of compost fertilizer doses (K0:0 kg, K1:0.5kg. K2: 1 kg. K3: 1.5 kg and K4: 2 kg) and watering intervals (A1: once a day. A2: once every three days. A3: once every five days and A4: once every seven days) with parameters of observation of height, diameter, top fresh weight, root fresh weight, top dry weight and root dry weight. The results showed that the interaction of compost and watering intervals significantly affected the height and diameter increase, root fresh weight, and root dry weight of avocado plants. The interaction of giving 1.5 kg of compost and watering intervals every day had the best effect on the growth and quality of avocado seedlings

Improving Lecturer Competence to Encourage Innovation and Creativity in Learning

This research aimed at identifying the challenges faced by higher education institutions, particularly in terms of the quality of educational staff such as lecturers and exploring efforts that can be undertaken to enhance lecturer competence in supporting the quality of higher education. This study employed a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. The subject of this research was the Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara. Data collection techniques involved observation and interviews with the university's leadership, faculty deans, program directors, and lecturers. Meanwhile, data analysis in this study was carried out cyclically, consisting of three simultaneous activities: data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions or verifying the data. The findings revealed several challenges in enhancing lecturer competence, such as rapid technological changes, student diversity, and balancing teaching, research, and administrative duties. However, various efforts have been made to address these challenges. The higher education institution has launched competency development programs encompassing training, academic mentoring, relevant curriculum development, and industry collaboration. Improving lecturer competence will benefit students and the institution, help accelerate the overall development of higher education institutions, and help achieve national development goals.

Analysis of Student Learning Motivation in Communication Education Courses in The Islamic Religion Study Program, Faculty of Islamic Religion, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara

In higher education, especially at the Muhammadiyah University of North Sumatra, there are various kinds of platforms that can be used to develop students' interests, talents and creativity. One of the faculties at the Muhammadiyah University of North Sumatra is the Faculty of Islamic Religion. Student success in learning on campus can be seen through learning achievements shown in the Achievement Index (IP). Learning achievement is a point of attention that becomes a benchmark for student success in their learning process over a certain period of time. Students with high learning achievements can be interpreted as having been successful in their studies. Student success in learning achievement is influenced by several things, one of which is the student's activeness, especially communication science. A student must have communication skills such as public speaking, students can develop and apply the skills they have and can also train leadership skills. However, if you want to take part in the social field, communication science is needed everywhere. Speaking skills support students in becoming content creators, leaders and others, to increase their particular attractiveness.

Land suitability Assessment Rubber Commodities ( Hevea brasiliensis) In Nias Selatan District Scale 1: 250,000

South Nias district was the new district developed of Nias district in 2003. South Nias was part of area hit earthquake and tsunami in 2004 and 2005. The district was the producer of rubber which second superiority commodities after coconut. There were 29,125 Ha of rubber area in South Nias (Statistic of Sumatera Utara Province. 2021). This research activity was carried out in 6 subdistricts in Nias Regency in January 2019 - November 2019. Assessment of land suitability was needed in order to know a directions of superiority commodities development area. This assessment was conducted by using ALES (Automated Land Evaluation System). SDPLE (Standard Procedure for Land Evaluation) data was imported to ALES program. Land evaluation result was show in spatial form. This form made by imported tabulation data to GIS (Geographical Information System) form. Suitability land maps (scale 1 : 250.000) present based on each commodities by ArcView program.
 Keywords : Suitability land; rubber; South Nias

Public-Private-Community Partnership (PPCP) Approach in Achieving Zero Carbon Emission in North Sumatra

Public-Private-Community Partnership (PPCP) Approach in Achieving Zero Carbon Emission in North Sumatra

The Comparison of Serum Interleukin-8 Levels Based on Severity of Liver Cirrhosis.

The molecule known as Interleukin-8 (IL-8), a chemotactic leukocyte, has been found to have a crucial role in the perpetuation of the inflammatory environment that is associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, as well as in the development of liver cirrhosis and cancer. The aim of this study was to carefully examine the role of IL-8 in the inflammatory reaction and to compare the levels based on the severity of liver cirrhosis. The study was conducted from February 2018 to September 2018 at the Gastroenterohepatology Division, Internal medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara. The study was designed as an analytic comparative, cross-sectional study. The liver cirrhosis patients who participated in this study met the inclusion criteria and provided informed consent. A total of 70 patients were included in the study, from which we identified 1 individual with child-pugh A, 28 individuals with child-pugh B, and 41 individuals with child-pugh C. The serum level of IL-8 was found to be 98 (11-320) (pg/ml). The IL-8 levels between child-pugh B and C patients did not exhibit any noteworthy differences during our analysis (p = 0.109, p>0.05). There is no notable inequality in the levels of IL-8 across different stages of liver cirrhosis.

Geophysical and Geochemical Approach for Seawater Intrusion Assessment in the Belawan Coast and the Medan Industrial Area, North Sumatera Utara, Indonesia

Geophysical and Geochemical Approach for Seawater Intrusion Assessment in the Belawan Coast and the Medan Industrial Area, North Sumatera Utara, Indonesia

Description of Occupational Contact Dermatitis Related to the Use of Personal Protective Equipment with a History of Atopy in Health Workers at Prof. DR. Chairuddin Panusunan Lubis Universitas Sumatera Utara and H. Adam Malik Hospital.

Coronavirus disease 2019 was declared a pandemic by WHO in March 2020. The Indonesian Ministry of Health has recommended many prevention strategies including the use of hand sanitizers (HSs) and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), especially for healthcare workers. Previous research reported that the increase in the use of HS and PPE is directly proportional to the increase in the incidence of occupational skin diseases. To find out the prevalence of work-related contact dermatitis patients related to the use of PPE in healthcare workers at Prof. DR. Chairuddin Panusunan Lubis Universitas Sumatera Utara and H. Adam Malik Hospital, Medan, with a history of atopy dermatitis. This was a descriptive study including 104 healthcare workers. The results of the study were analysed using prevalence and frequency data distribution. In this study, we found that the majority of occupational skin diseases in healthcare workers are female (n = 64; 62.5%), and the most common age group was 31-33 years old (44.2%). The incidence of contact dermatitis due to the use of PPE in healthcare workers at Prof. DR. Chairuddin Panusunan Lubis Universitas Sumatera Utara and H. Adam Malik Hospital, Medan, was found only in 15 subjects (14.4%), and only 5 (33.3%) of them had a history of suffering from atopy dermatitis. There is high prevalence of contact dermatitis due to PPE at Prof. DR. Chairuddin Panusunan Lubis Universitas Sumatera Utara and H. Adam Malik Hospital, Medan; in 104 research subjects, only 15 people (14.4%) suffered from work-related contact dermatitis with a history of atopy in 5 people (33.3%).

Lived experiences of type 2 diabetes patients in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia: A phenomenology study

Objective: To explore lived experiences of type 2 diabetes patients in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Methodology: This descriptive phenomenology study recruited seven participants at Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital through purposive sampling. Data were collected from April to June 2021 by in-depth interviews using a voice recorder and analyzed according to Colaizzi method. Results: There were four main themes and nine theme clusters, including having complications (in the eyes, heart, as well as brain and nerves), emotional responses (psychological stress, and unstable emotions), changes in dietary patterns (setting a healthy diet, and feeling sad about changing diet pattern), and changes in activity patterns (start exercising, and reduce energy expenditure). Conclusion: Participants experienced difficulties in adapting to a new lifestyle that targeted type 2 diabetes treatment. Therefore, healthcare providers should provide support for effective lifestyle changes.

Evaluation of the suitability of three weed species as alternative cover crops in smallholder oil palm plantations through plant spacing management

Smallholder oil palm plantations in Indonesia have reached 8.9 million ha, but their role is still not optimal due to low productivity caused by the lack of knowledge of smallholders regarding sustainable oil palm technical culture, such as the use of cover crops. However, it requires appropriate spacing for different species. This study aims to obtain the optimum spacing of 3 weed species planted as cover crops in smallholder oil palm plantations. The research was carried out in 2022 at the smallholder oil palm plantation Naga Rejo village, Galang, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia. The experimental treatments included weed species (Asystasia gangetica, Paspalum conjugatum and Nephrolepis biserrata) as the main plot and spacing (10, 20 and 30 cm) as subplots arranged in a separate plot design with 3 replications. The results showed that the % of 100% land coverage was obtained in plantings of N. biserrata and A. gangetica in 4 WAPs and 10 cm spacing in 3 WAPs independently. The highest leaf area of N. biserrata, P. conjugatum and A. gangetica was obtained at a spacing of 30 cm. The highest dry weight, growth rate and nutrient uptake N and K N. biserrata and P. conjugatum were obtained at a spacing of 10 cm, while A. gangetica at a spacing of 30 cm. This shows that the optimum spacing depends on the weed species. The optimum spacing for A. gangetica (broad leaf) is 30 cm, while for P. conjugatum (grasses) and N. biserrata (ferns) is 10 cm.

Correlation between plaque maturity and white spot lesions on teeth during orthodontic fixed appliances treatment

The main factor in the occurrence of white spot lesions on fixed orthodontic appliances is the difficulty in performing good oral hygiene. The pH of the dental biofilm becomes low due to the presence of fermentable carbohydrates, thereby accelerating the accumulation and maturation of dental plaque. This study aimto determine the relationship between plaque maturity and white spot lesions on teeth with fixed orthodontic appliances.The research design was observational analytic using digital photographs of the six upper anterior teeth of 70 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment at Teeth and Mouth Teaching Hospital Universitas Sumatera Utara. The six upper anterior teeth were given the three-tone disclosing agent to check the level of plaque maturation. The staining of the plaque is cleaned to examine the level of the white spot lesion. The examination was carried out from the intraoral photograph of the patient by dividing the four areas of the tooth surface. The Kruskal Wallis test to see the difference in the level of maturity of the six upper teeth has a significant difference (p = 0.026). Statistically, there is no relationship between plaque maturity and white spot lesions on the six upper anterior teeth (p= 0.162). In this study, the central incisor teeth have a greater chance of developing white spot lesions than other teeth (23.93%). White spot lesions on the use of fixed orthodontic appliances can form, one of which is due to plaque, but there was no significant relationship in the study.

Design of a Rumah Budaya in the Context of Preserving Karo Culture in Desa Lingga, Kabupaten Karo, Sumatera Utara

The Siwaluh Jabu Traditional House is one of the cultural heritages from the ancestors of the Karo people from the past. This traditional house is located in Desa Lingga, Kabupaten Karo, Provinsi Sumatera Utara, Indonesia. The interest of tourists in visiting this traditional house has made the local government make Desa Lingga a cultural village. Traditional houses and other cultural heritage symbolize the greatness of the Batak Karo ancestors in the past. Nevertheless, the remains (inheritance) of greatness seems to have less attention anymore. This paper was created with the aim of examining the existence of cultural heritage with tourism potential of the Siwaluh Jabu Traditional House in Desa Lingga and providing architectural design solutions as a form of Karo Cultural preservation by creating a Rumah Budaya that provides lodging facilities and cultural learning facilities in order to preserve Karo Culture. The research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method where the authors obtained the data by observing and describing the environmental conditions of the object. Referring to the research results, it was found an idea for an design that has a cultural program where visitors and tourists can enjoy the atmosphere of Desa Lingga, which is unique to its Karo Culture while learning about this culture. The design of this cultural learning facility will impact the Siwaluh Jabu Traditional House because this traditional house will experience preservation which is expected to lead to an increase in tourist visits to the Desa Budaya Lingga.

Relationship Between Fatigue and Burnout Syndrome Among Residents in Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy Department

Background Anesthesiologists in Indonesia are still in high demand. The large number of patients and the heavy workload faced by residents are accompanied by quite high pressure from various aspects, this can cause anesthesia resident participants to experience fatigue so they are prone to a syndrome called burnout syndrome. This study aims to determine the relationship between fatigue and burnout syndrome among residents in the Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Methods This study was a cross-sectional study on 106 residents that was performed using a questionnaire consisting of characteristics of study samples, translated Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS), and Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey (MBI-HSS). Results From the analysis, it was discovered that 50% of the residents didn’t experience fatigue with a median score of FAS 21.5, and 84.9% of the residents didn’t experience burnout syndrome with a median score of MBI-HSS was 51,84 ± 19,59. There was a significant relationship between FAS and total score of MBI-HSS, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal achievement with p-value <0.001. Conclusions There was a significant relationship between FAS and total score of MBI-HSS, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal achievement.