Sumadija District Research Articles

Characteristics of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in Sumadija District in 2020

Abstract The number of hospitalized COVID patients varies in accordance with the waves of the pandemic. The aim of the study was to examine the characteristics of hospitalized COVID-19 patients and predictors of in-hospital died with special reference to the importance of comorbidity. A retrospective cohort study that included all COVID patients hospitalized at the Clinical Center Kragujevac in 2020. The data contained in the Hospitalization Report are described, and the predictors of hospital mortality are defined by binary logistic regression. 1336 COVID patients were hospitalized. The average age of the hospitalized patients was 58.1 ± 16.5 years, 2/3 of them were males. The largest number of hospitalized patients live in Kragujevac - 62.8%. During hospitalization, 19.4% (n = 206) of patients died, who were on average 13 years older (t = 14.13, df = 504.3, p <0.01), and stayed in the hospital 2 days shorter (Z = -5.36, p <0.01) when compared to discharged patients. 86.5% (n = 1155) of hospitalized patients had comorbidities, most often hypertension and other heart diseases, diabetes mellitus and renal failure. Statistically significant predictors of the lethal outcome of hospitalization were patients’ age (OR = 0.94 95% CI = 0.93-0.95), residence (OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.75-0.95), length of hospitalization (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.04-1.09) and the presence of comorbidity as the strongest predictor (OR = 5.31, 95% CI = 2.37-11.89). COVID Patients with comorbidities require special attention because comorbidities affect the outcome of hospitalization.

HIV Infection in Sumadija District

Abstract Serbia is one of the countries with a considerably low prevalence of HIV infection and small number of people who get tested. The aim of this paper is to assess the epidemiological situation of HIV infection in the Šumadija district based on the analysis of the work of voluntary confidential counselling and testing centre for HIV (DPST). Retrospective cohort study of users of the services of the DPST within the Institute of Public Health Kragujevac in a fiveyears period. The form for gathering the data of the clients who undergo HIV counselling is a research instrument. The statistical testing was performed by using the χ2 test, Student’s t-test and ANOVA. DPST services have been used by 1495 clients, 2/3 of which are men (71.6% p<0.01), average age 29.7 ± 10.6 years. There is an increasing trend in the number of users (y=33.3x+198.7, R 2 =0.54). Risky behaviour were: unprotected vaginal (39.3%) and oral sex (22.8%), in men also anal heterosexual (10.2%) and homosexual intercourse (11.7%). Men are significantly more likely to enter homosexual relationships (χ2 =141.59, df=3, p<0.01)), so the number of tested men is significantly higher (χ2 =14.27, df=3, p<0.05). Out of the 1,495 tested people, 12 users were HIV positive. They are all male and almost all have had homosexual relationships. The importance of known epidemiological situation of HIV infection through the work of DPST is reflected in the change of people’s knowledge and behaviour towards HIV and its development depends on the available resources.

Analysis of the volume of production and sales of wood assortments of the forest farm Kragujevac

Aware of the importance of companies for the use, processing and marketing of wood products in everyday life, as well as for the development of a national economy, the number of SMEs in this sector in Serbia, as well as everywhere in the world, is conditioned by long-term global demand. The objectives of the research are to perform an analysis of wood products and their market prices, as well as an analysis of trade trends (procurement, sales) in the Sumadija district. The purpose of the research is to point out the possibilities for improving the economic efficiency and the existing business policy in the PE "Srbijasume" SG Kragujevac. The subject of research is the financial elements of the production process in order to obtain information on the production and sale of wood assortments by class. The results show that the wood market in the Republic of Serbia has a large imbalance in the built production capacities of wood processors and the potential provided by forests. Since the production potential of the PE is not sufficient to meet the needs of processors, customers engaged in wood processing on the domestic market provide raw materials for production from several sources.

Mortality Characteristics in Sumadija District from 2010 – 2017

Abstract Mortality rate represents a number of deaths on a particular territory per time unit. There are general and specific mortalities. The aims at analysing the characteristics of mortality in Sumadija District for the time period ranging from 2010 – 2017. The study includes all death cases in the District of Sumadija in period 2010-2017, 34681 cases. The data are described and analysed with χ² test and linear trend. The trend analysis does not indicate any significant variations during the given time span. The gender analysis reveals that there is a significantly higher number of deceased persons among male population (52.2%, 47.8%, р<0.05). The average age of the deceased females (76.2±13.4) was higher than the average age of males (73.8±14.1) (р<0.05). The cause-specific analysis shows that natural causes of death dominate absolutely (96.5%) over violent deaths (2.7%) and undetermined causes (0.8%). The distribution of death causes according to ICD 10 shows that the most frequent causes of death are heart and blood vessel diseases, respiratory and neoplasm diseases. The life expectancy of the inhabitants of Sumadija District is increasing over time. There was a slight decrease in the mortality rates during the observed time period. The highest number of the deceased people is 65 or more years old. Men have higher mortality rates throughout their lives. Natural death and non-communicable diseases are dominant. The most common causes of death are heart and blood vessels diseases, in women, and respiratory and neoplasm diseases, in men.

Socio-еconomic transformation of Sumadija district (Serbia)

The paper starts from the hypothesis that the examined area is characterized by a process of intensive functional transformation accompanied by certain population changes. The transformation of the settlement structure is shown in the area of Sumadija district. The trend of demographic and economic development was observed with a historical overview. It was upgraded with quantitative analyzes (chain index, population change index, functional classification, index of specialization and localization) for the period 1971-2011. The aim was to determine the degree of socio-economic transformation of Sumadija district and the regularities according to which these changes took place. Industrialization generally brings changes in the functional orientation and redistribution of the population. The deagrarianization was one of the main features, with parallel emigration of the rural population. These changes were intensive in 1961-1981, when the peak of employment in secondary activities was registered. Since then, significant spatial transformation in Sumadija district was visible. Special analyzes were used to confirm the assumption that Kragujevac is a dominant labor center, an administrative and service nucleus, which has a propulsive influence on the development of its immediate surroundings (suburban belt) and the wider area (Sumadija district). The contribution of this paper is in the understanding of the scope, spatial distribution, and intensity of changes that have occurred in Sumadija district. It introduces the historical circumstances and quantitative research into a broader concept as a basis for understanding the trajectories of spatial and socio-economic development, and responds to many social challenges specific for this territory.

Effects of meteorological conditions on mortality from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Introduction/Objective. Previous studies have confirmed the effect of different meteorological parameters on patients suffering from lung diseases. The objective of the study is to investigate the impact of meteorological phases on the death rate from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods. The data on the number of deaths caused by COPD and meteorological phases during a five-year period (2011?2015) in Sumadija District (Central Serbia) were obtained from the Republic Hydrometeorological Service and the Center for Biostatistics and Informatics of the Kragujevac Institute of Public Health. Results. A statistically significant correlation was determined between certain meteorological phases and COPD death rate. The highest death rate was determined during colder months, February and March. The lowest death rate was detected during the warm months (June?September). Although men died more often from COPD than women, the death rate of women showed a considerable increase during the five-year period. Conclusion. COPD death rate is highly dependent on the season of the year and might be associated with certain meteorological phases. There is a need for further research of the impact of meteorological phases on the morbidity and mortality from COPD.

Physico-chemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of three different types of honey from Central Serbia

There are many studies dealing with the comparison of the quality and biological characteristics of honey of distinct geographical and botanical origins. However, there is scarce literary data on the physico-chemical and biological properties of different types of honey from the same production regions. Honey samples used in this study were from the following botanical origins: forest honey (honeydew), polyfloral honey and monofloral acacia honey. All samples were provided by a local beekeeper from Sumadija district (Central Serbia) and produced during the flowering season in 2018. Spectrophotometric determination of phenolic compounds in honey samples showed that the forest honey contained the highest total phenolics (806.10 mg GAE/kg) and flavonoids (146.27 mg QU/kg) contents, more than ten times higher than acacia honey (68.48 mg GAE/kg and 18.59 mg QU/kg, respectively). Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH· and ABTS·+ assays. Forest honey showed better antioxidant activity than the other examined honey samples (594.77 mg Trolox/kg for ABTS assay and 260.77 mg Trolox/kg for DPPH assay). The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of honey samples against a panel of eleven bacterial and eight fungal species, along with yeast Candida albicans, showed that forest honey was the most effective in inhibition of their growth. These results suggest that forest honey has the best potential, among studied honey samples, for use in the human diet as food with valuable biological properties.

Toxigenic fungal and mycotoxin contamination of maize samples from different districts in Serbia

This study was carried out in order to investigate the natural occurrence of toxigenic fungi and levels of zearalenone (ZEA), deoxynivalenol (DON) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in the maize stored immediately after harvesting in 2016 and used for animal feed in Serbia. A total of 22 maize samples were collected from four different districts across the country: City of Belgrade (nine samples), Sumadija (eight samples), Podunavlje (four samples) and Kolubara (one sample). Toxigenic fungi were identified according to the morphological characteristics whereas the mycotoxins contamination were detected using biochemistry enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent (ELISA) assay. The tested samples were mostly infected with Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium spp., except that one sample originated from Kolubara was not contaminated with Aspergillus species. Fusarium graminearum was the most common species in the maize sample from Kolubara district (60%), F. verticillioides in the maize samples from Podunavlje (43.75%) and City of Belgrade (22.4%) districts, and Penicillium spp. in the maize samples from Sumadija district (26.38%). In the analysed maize samples the presence of Aspergillus species was low (0-1.78%). Mycotoxicological analysis revealed the presence of zearalenone (ZEA), deoxynivalenol (DON) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in all the investigated samples, except that DON and AFB1 were not recorded in the samples from Podunavlje and Kolubara districts, respectively. The investigated samples were highly contaminated with ZEA, with incidence of 100% for the samples from Sumadija, Podunavlje and Kolubara districts and 88.89% for the samples from City of Belgrade district. In addition, the samples contamination with DON was 100% and 22.2% for the samples from Sumadija, Kolubara and City of Belgrade, districts, respectively. The highest number of AFB1 positive samples was found in Sumadija district (87.5%), while in the City of Belgrade and Podunavlje districts, 55.56% and 50% AFB1 positive samples were established, respectively. Generally, remarkable infection of all the tested samples with toxigenic fungal species from Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium genera were recorded. In addition, high contamination with mycotoxins ZEA, DON and AFB1 were also recorded; nevertheless, only in one sample the level of DON exceeded the allowed legal limit (1750 ?g kg-1) according to Regulation for unprocessed maize. Therefore, permanent mycological and mycotoxicological analyses of maize grain are necessary for risk assessment of fungal and mycotoxin contamination throughout the food chain.

Epidemiološke karakteristike akutnog koronarnog sindroma u Šumadijskom okrugu

Introduction: Acute coronary syndrome is one of the most common causes of emergency recurrence and sudden death in developed parts of the world, and in the last decades in developing countries. The Aim: Analysis of epidemiological characteristics and trends in the movement of incidence and mortality from acute coronary syndrome on the territory of the Sumadija district in the period 2007-2016 years. Material and Methods: The study was designed as a descriptive epidemiological study. The Register of Acute Coronary Syndrome was used as a source of information about patients and deaths. Linear trend and regression analysis were used to analyze the trend of incidence and mortality. Results: The average age-standardized incidence rate of acute coronary syndrome in men was 186.6/100000 and in women it was 88.6/100000. The average standardized mortality rate from acute coronary syndrome was 45.4/100000 in men and 20.8/100000 in women. Conclusion: Research contributes to the consideration of the society's burden of cardiovascular diseases, as well as for developing specific prevention programs.

Uloga interneta u elektronskom poslovanju u turizmu - primer Šumadijskog okruga

The use of the Internet for the purpose of tourist destination development and improvement of tourist companies' business is getting more and more importance every day. Bearing in mind the heterogeneous character of services necessary for tourist needs, the Internet has become an integral part of establishment, delivery, and use of tourist products. From sales, as one of the most important tourist functions, through procurement and contact with clients, to marketing, as an integrative element of all other points in a tourist destination business, the Internet plays a significant role. The use of modern technologies in online business shortens the time for certain operations and lowers the business expenses. The goal of this paper is to compare the Internet use in online business in Sumadija District and its main competitors (local and foreign). For that purpose, the following research has been conducted.

The effect of bull sire provenance on production traits of Simmental cows

The aim of the present study was to obtain relevant results related to the basic indicators of fertility and milk yield of Simmental cows, in production conditions on farms of agricultural producers, using appropriate mathematical and statistical procedures, i.e. to determine the influence of bull sires originating from Serbia, Austria and Germany on the implementation of the main breeding program and improvement of production traits of Simmental cows on the territory of Sumadija district. The study of the effect of bull sires who are originally from Serbia, Austria and Germany on performance traits of Simmental cows included a total of 303 cows in first three lactations. Milk production of cows descendents of bulls from the German population was higher compared with the production of cows originating from Austria in the first lactation by 58.29 kg and in the third by 67.72 kg, but in the second it was lower by 12.31 kg. The variability of age at first calving ranged from 766.93 (cows progeny of domestic bulls) to 813.06 days (cows progeny Austrian bulls). Average duration of service period had the interval of variation of 86.80 in cows from domestic bulls in the third lactation to 109.88 days in cows originating from Austrian bulls in the first lactation.

Geological building materials as a factor with potential for development of the Sumadija District

Geological building materials as a factor with potential for development of the Sumadija District

Morbiditet stanovništva šumadijskog okruga

The aim of this paper is the analysis of out hospital morbidity of population in Sumadija district and identification of the priority health problems. Methods. The data source were the Reports of diseases, states and injuries by Department of general practition, Department of health protection of preschool and school children and Department of women's health protection in Health Institution in Sumadija district for the period 2013. Results. In the outpatient morbidity of adult population in Sumadija, the most common diseases were those of the circulatory system with morbidity 447.24 per 1,000 adult population. Leading position in the structure of morbidity in primary care of children of preschool and school age is taken by diseases of the respiratory system with morbidity rate from 4545.96 to 1,000 preschool children, or 1738.64 per 1,000 children of school age. Diseases of the urinary tract with a morbidity rate of 225.17 per 1,000 females take the first place in outpatient morbidity of women. Conclusion. As the mass noncontagious diseases are dominating in the morbidity and mortality structure of population in Sumadija district, it is necessary to intensify promotional preventive measures and activities.

Satisfaction of medical staff in primary health care of Sumadija district

Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate different aspects of job satisfaction among employees as well as to evaluate the overall job satisfaction in health care institutions of the primary health care level in Sumadija district. Methods. Employee satisfaction survey was conducted in 10 primary health facilities in Sumadija district. We conducted a one-day survey of 1273 employees, using a uniform, anonymous questionnaire developed by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Serbia within the program of improvement of the quality of health care facilities. Results. The data we obtained show that a little less than a half of the employees in healthcare institutions of the Republic of Serbia were satisfied with the work they performed. The results of logistic regression showed that, among the factors examined, the following had a statistically significant impact on the assessment of job satisfaction: adequacy of work equipment, possibility of professional development, support by superiors, comparison of satisfaction of 5 years ago and now. Conclusion. Job-related experience and satisfaction of the employees indicate the need for placement of employee satisfaction as a priority in the process of improving the quality of the health care system.

The economic damage from natural disasters in Serbia and Sumadija district

The economic damage from natural disasters in Serbia and Sumadija district

Prevalence of hypertension in adults in the Sumadija district, Serbia: A cross sectional study

World Health Organization (WHO) studies on the global level have shown that one of the major problems of the public health is hypertension. Blood pressure level greater than 140/90 mmHg is directly and predictively linked to other cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this research was to determine the prevalence of hypertension and the risk groups among the adult population in the Sumadija District, Serbia. This cross-sectional study included 1.669 elderly population of the Sumadija District, aged 25-74. The study was performed according to the protocol of the Countrywide Integrated Noncommunicable Disease Intervention (CINDI) international program. In the Sumadija District more than a half of the population aged 25-74 suffers from hypertension (53%). In the Sumadija District 9% of population has undiagnosed hypertension. In the group of people familiar with their high blood pressure problems, good disease control is achieved in only 46% of them. Statistically, hypertension occurs more frequently in males aged 45-74, of lower education, and in rural population. This is the target group for implementation of the high risk strategy. Statistically, there is a higher prevalence of hypertension in people suffering from myocardial infarction (p =0.04), angina pectoris (p = 0.00), other cardiac diseases (cardiac insufficiency) (p = 0.00) and cerebrovascular crises (p = 0.04). A continuous increase of patients with hypertension, coupled with the developed complications and increase in cardiovascular diseases as a cause of death, points to the lack of effective access to prevention and early detection of these diseases in the primary health care among the risk groups in Sumadija.

Zadovoljstvo korisnika radom službi opšte medicine u zdravstvenim ustanovama Šumadijskog okruga

Zadovoljstvo korisnika radom službi opšte medicine u zdravstvenim ustanovama Šumadijskog okruga

Stanje zagađenosti vazduha u odnosu na pojedine parametre za grad Kragujevac u periodu od 1999. do 2008. godine kao jednog od faktora rizika za nastanak HOBP

Air is one of the most important segments of environment which, with the expansion of industry and traffic, became polluted with ingredients which are harmful for man and his environment. There are many sources of airpollution in Sumadija and Western Serbia. They endanger health of everyone, and specially of most sensitive parts of population (pregnant women, children, old and sick people). Institute of public health in Kragujevac has been following the quality of air for many years already. The control of quality of air includes: • research of emission on defined emitters(sampling, laboratory analysis of samples and obtaining of expert opinion) and • research of immission (systematic following of immission of basic and specific damaging substances which come from stationary resources and the control of quality of air which comes from exhaust gases from motor vehicles, including sampling, laboratory analysis of samples and obtaining of expert opinion. Regular, continuous control of quality of air (immission measurements) are made on territory of City of Kragujevac through following essential damaging substances, sulfur dioxide, nitric oxides, soot and all sedimentary substances since the year 1975. Researches in world and in our country show that specific damaging substances from air which are of organic source as well as suspended substances do have special influence on health of people whether they directly cause disease deterioration of already existing diseases of respiratory organs or cause allergic manifestations which lead to chronic disinfectuous respiratary diseases (ICD - 10; J42 - J45). This group of diseases includes chronic obstructive lungs disease (ICD - 10; J42 - J44) and asthma (ICD - 10; J45). In world 400 million of people live with the diagnosis of chronic disinfectuous respiratory diseases, and among them are 320 million with chronic obstructive respiratory disease. Serbia is on the fourth place according to the level of dieing from chronic disinfectuous respiratory diseases after Kirgistan (99,0%), Kazachtan (56,5%), and Moldavy (51,9%). By analytical study that has been done by Institute of public health in Kragujevac it is estimated that there is increase of level of mortality from chronic disinfectuous respiratory diseases in Sumadija for 27% (from 19,48% in 1998. to 24,77% in 2008.). Average mortality rate for both sexes has higher values on the territory of Sumadija district than in Serbia (for men in Sumadija the mortality rate from chronic disinfectuous respiratory diseases is 38,4% while for men in Serbia this rate is somewhat lower - 37,15%; for women in Sumadija this mentioned mortality rate is 15,05% and is higher than for women in Sebia - 14,14%). Our study confirms the high degree of correlation between certain parameters of air pollution with mortality from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Hydrological forecast of maximal water level in Lepenica river basin and flood control measures

Lepenica river basin territory has became axis of economic and urban development of Sumadija district. However, considering Lepenica River with its tributaries, and their disordered river regime, there is insufficient of water for water supply and irrigation, while on the other hand, this area is suffering big flood and torrent damages (especially Kragujevac basin). The paper presents flood problems in the river basin, maximum water level forecasts, and flood control measures carried out until now. Some of the potential solutions, aiming to achieve the effective flood control, are suggested as well.