Suitable Product Research Articles

A blueprint description of production scheduling models using asset administration shells

ABSTRACT Production Planning and Control involves combinatorial optimization problems subject to domain-related constraints. Hence, decision-support systems are required to support operators in finding suitable production scheduling models that match the conditions on the real shopfloor. Digital Shadows were introduced to solve this task by automatically gathering suitable models and the required input data to provide decision-support. Therefore, a standard definition of production scheduling models and their grouping within a model catalog is required in the virtual world. In this contribution, we introduce an Asset Administration Shell submodel that defines production scheduling models based on Graham’s three-field notation, which is independent of the underlying production process. We consider metadata, which ensures those models are FAIR, i.e. findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable. In addition, we build a model catalog for production scheduling models in the injection molding domain as the foundation for implementing a decision-support system based on the Digital Shadows.

A data-driven approach for studying tribology based on experimentation and artificial intelligence coupling tools

Tribology problems generally, and particularly high-temperature tribology (HTT), is a critical and complex topic based on the interaction between several intrinsic and extrinsic parameters. This involved complex phenomena, resulting in synergistic effects between mechanical, physical, chemical, and thermal solicitations. Introducing artificial intelligence tools, coupled with the design of the experiment, is an original approach to implement a successful transition from traditional "experimental guidance" to "experimental guidance associated with a data-driven" approach. The current study delves into the utilization of machine learning (ML) with simulation to help in the choice of the parameters for experimentation, and the development of predictive models. A detailed framework that takes into account the coupling between such tools is presented. Different scenarios are discussed to data drive the collaborative schema between the design of experiment, numerical development, and ML algorithms. This approach gives several opportunities such as the identification of the well-impacted parameters, optimization of the experimental design, and the proposition of predictive models. With the suitable proposed model, time loss, production costs, precision results, and man-hours could be saved or improved.

Optimization of a Chlorella–Saccharomyces co–culture system for enhanced metabolite productivity

Microalgae and yeast co–culture systems are gaining interest as a promising method for higher production of biomass and metabolites. However, because these organisms have particular cultivation requirements, optimization of culture conditions is needed for suitable growth and productivity of the co–culture. This work examines the effects of cultivation media macronutrient composition on the growth and metabolite production of co–cultures of either Chlorella vulgaris or Chlorella sorokiniana with a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Specifically, the consequence of glucose, yeast extract and peptone supplementation on the physiological responses of the co–culture system was investigated. The co–culture responses were equivalent for both Chlorella species, although C. sorokiniana could maintain a more stable population ratio with yeast. The addition of glucose with peptone significantly enhanced biomass production of the co–culture by approximately 2–fold in comparison to microalgae or yeast monocultures, while the addition of glucose alone or in combination with yeast extract did not exhibit the same effect. An approximately 3–fold increase in lipid content was observed in the co–culture samples under glucose–only supplementation, where yeast growth was restricted. The addition of glucose and yeast extract enhanced the growth of yeast monocultures, but this did not benefit the co–culture. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed different metabolic fingerprints of the monoculture and the co–culture samples grown in glucose and peptone containing medium, which indicated higher abundance of metabolites including lipids, proteins, carbohydrates in the co–culture samples. Specifically, total protein yields in the co–cultures were increased by 1.6– to 1.7–fold in comparison to microalgae monoculture while total lipid yields were increased by 3.6– to 5.1–fold in the co–cultures. This work highlights the importance of organic carbon and nitrogen availability for microalgae–yeast co–culture growth and their potential for a wide range of valuable applications including nutritional and bioenergy uses.

Culture of Hoffa fat pad mesenchymal stem/stromal cells on microcarrier suspension in vertical wheel bioreactor for extracellular vesicle production

BackgroundMesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are increasingly employed in regenerative medicine approaches for their immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties, which are encoded in their secretome including extracellular vesicles (EVs). The Hoffa fat pad (HFP) located infrapatellarly harbours MSCs that could assist in tissue homeostasis in osteoarthritic joints. Intraarticular injection therapies based on blood products could modulate the populations of released HFP-MSC-EVs in a quantitative manner.MethodsTo obtain amounts of HFP-MSC-derived EVs that allow pre-clinical evaluation, suitable EV production systems need to be developed. This work investigates the release of EVs from primary HFP-MSCs cultivated in a 3D environment using microcarrier suspension culture in a vertical wheel bioreactor in comparison to conventional 2D culture. To simulate an intraarticular blood product therapy, cultures were treated with citrate-anticoagulated platelet-rich plasma (CPRP) or hyperacute serum (hypACT) before EV collection. HFP-MSC-EVs are enriched via ultrafiltration and characterised via Western Blot, nanoparticle tracking analysis in scatter as well as fluorescence mode. EV potency was determined via RT-qPCR analysing the expression of type II and X collagen (COL2 and COL10), as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in primary OA chondrocytes.ResultsBlood product supplementation elevated HFP-MSC metabolic activity as determined via XTT assay over the course of 14 days. 3D culture resulted in a roughly 100-fold EV yield compared to 2D culture and elevated number of EVs released per cell. Total protein content correlated with the EV concentration. While typical EV marker proteins such as CD9, CD63 or Alix were detected in total protein extracts, CD9 and CD73 colocalised on individual EVs highlighting their cell origin. The type of blood product treatment did not affect the size or concentration of EVs obtained from HFP-MSCs. Assessing potency of 3D culture EVs in comparison to 2D EVs revealed superior biological activity with regard to inhibition of inflammation, inhibition of chondrocyte hypertrophy and induction of cartilage-specific ECM production.ConclusionsHFP-MSCs proliferate in presence of human blood products indicating that animal serum in culture media can be avoided in the future. The culture of HFP-MSCs in the employed bioreactor was successfully used to generate quantities of EVs that could allow evaluation of HFP-MSC-EV-mediated effects in pre-clinical settings. In addition, EV potency of 3D EVs is superior to EVs obtained in conventional 2D culture flasks.

A model-based performance analysis of integrated chromatography-ultrafilter separation systems for monoclonal antibody (mAb) manufacturing

Robust and accurate modelling of bioprocess systems offers the opportunity to visualise strategies for rapid-scale up of production platforms from benchtop to industrial scale, but few studies investigate how mechanistic and hybrid models can be used to design integrated bio-manufacturing. This is especially true for downstream purification technologies used to separate mAbs from culture by-products, e.g. host cell proteins. Polishing chromatography (cation-exchange mode) is commonly used to remove these by-products, but optimal bind and elution operation of these columns is complex. Ultrafiltration is typically applied in conjunction with diafiltration post-polishing chromatography in order to obtain suitable final product titers and excipient concentrations. This study presents a combination of dynamic models to probe batch polishing chromatography and ultrafiltration operating strategies achieving industrial specifications for recovery yield and mAb titer. A series of elution and filtration strategies are implemented, resulting in a total of 40 flowsheets explored. A steric mass action model with 7 pH-dependent parameters is employed to simulate scale-up polishing chromatography column behaviour. Moreover, a published gel layer ultrafiltration model based on Darcy’s law is implemented to purify the outlet of the polishing chromatography column. Strategies that are successful in achieving the target 90% recovery yield and 100 g L−1 concentration specifications are compared via a comprehensive analysis, to deduce the operational protocols which offer minimised salt consumption and pressure drop whilst respecting design criteria.

Applicability of Precipitation Products in the Endorheic Basin of the Yellow River under Multi-Scale in Time and Modality

Continuous and accurate precipitation data are critical to water resource management and eco-logical protection in water-scarce and ecologically fragile endorheic or inland basins. However, in typical data-scarce endorheic basins such as the endorheic basin of the Yellow River Basin (EBYRB) in China, multi-source precipitation products provide an opportunity to accurately capture the spatial distribution of precipitation, but the applicability evaluation of multi-source precipitation products under multi-time scales and multi-modes is currently lacking. In this context, our study evaluates the regional applicability of seven diverse gridded precipitation products (APHRODITE, GPCC, PERSIANN-CDR, CHIRPS, ERA5, JRA55, and MSWEP) within the EBYRB considering multiple temporal scales and two modes (annual/monthly/seasonal/daily precipitation in the mean state and monthly/daily precipitation in the extreme state). Furthermore, we explore the selection of suitable precipitation products for the needs of different hydrological application scenarios. Our research results indicate that each product has its strengths and weaknesses at different time scales and modes of coupling. GPCC excels in capturing annual, seasonal, and monthly average precipitation as well as monthly and daily extreme precipitation, essentially meeting the requirements for inter-annual or intra-annual water resource management in the EBYRB. CHIRPS and PERSIANN-CDR have higher accuracy in extreme precipitation assessment and can provide near real-time data, which can be applied as dynamic input precipitation variables in extreme precipitation warnings. APHRODITE and MSWEP exhibit superior performance in daily average precipitation that can provide data for meteorological or hydrological studies at the daily scale in the EBYRB. At the same time, our research also exposes typical problems with several precipitation products, such as MSWEP’s abnormal assessment of summer precipitation in certain years and ERA5 and JRA55’s overall overestimation of precipitation assessment in the study area.

Adaptive Clothing for the Elderly of India: Analysis of the Current Market Scenario

Since the beginning of civilisation, clothing has played a vital role in the lives of mankind. Humans use clothing to express themselves and build a positive relationship with others in the society. However, the fashion business has always concentrated on a narrowly defined retail client based on modern cultural notions of beauty: young, conventionally beautiful, and able bodies, with very little inspirational work done in inclusive fashion clothing (Azer et al., 2012; Carroll, 2015). Most of the elderly people struggle with limited body movements and functions and therefore find it difficult to fit into the clothes made by the fashion retail industry. They require clothing that are adaptive, meaning clothing that are easily accessible, made to fit their body requirements and do not compromise on style. The good news is that there is a noticeable shift in the fashion industry and there are many brands which are working in the domain of adaptive clothing. In the international market there are a number of retail organisations that have a dedicated clothing line for the elderly. However, the adaptive clothing market in India is at a nascent stage. There are just a handful of brands working in this sector. The objective of the research was to study the current market players offering adaptive clothing in India. The data was collected from the social media pages of five home grown brands. An in-depth analysis was done in terms of the product range, their functionality, available sizes, choice of textiles etc. The percentage of elderly population is growing in India but the number of products and choices offered by these Indian brands are limited. Therefore, this sector has a huge potential. Research should be carried out to identify the needs of the consumers and suitable product line should be developed.

Channel selection strategy: based on buy online and pick up in-store cooperation

PurposeThis paper investigates the buy online and pick up in-store cooperation (BOPSC) of online and offline retailers. Specifically, this study solves the following questions: (1) What is the impact of BOPSC on their optimal price and sales volume of products? (2) When should an online retailer and an offline retailer conduct the BOPSC strategy with each other?Design/methodology/approachThe paper first establishes two game models to explore the equilibriums of online and offline retailers in non-BOPSC and BOPSC. Then the condition for online and offline retailers to implement BOPSC strategy are determined. Furthermore, the applicability of the BOPSC strategy is enhanced by incorporating numerical analysis.FindingsThe study’s findings reveal that BOPSC strategy will not always beneficial to online and offline retailers, which depends on the total cost of online shopping and the product valuation of consumers. BOPSC strategy leads to the increase of prices and online orders, and the demand of offline retailer is eroded. Moreover, BOPS cooperation between different retailers is easier to achieve than omni-channel integration strategy. When the convenience difference between offline shopping and BOPSC pick-up is moderate, the effectiveness of BOPSC strategy can be improved.Originality/valueThis study has the following two main contributions: Firstly, the authors investigate the effects of BOPSC strategy on the prices of online and offline retailers. The study results show that the BOPSC strategy alleviates price competition and promotes a win–win situation between online retailers and offline retailers. Secondly, this paper mainly studies the cooperative behavior between online and offline retailers and reveals the optimal conditions for online and offline retailers to adopt BOPSC strategy. It can help small- and medium-sized online and offline retailers to choose suitable products for BOPSC strategy, so as to achieve the purpose of increasing profit.

Application analysis of data mining in shopping APP

Dingdong Buying Vegetable is a cohort of emerging entities that have swiftly gained prominence within the business domain in recent times. The data mining function of its data platform APP is undeniably linked to the underlying factor contributing to its commercial success. This article examines the fundamental principles, practical manifestations, and pertinent research instances of data mining. It specifically centers on the primary interface of the Dingdong Buying Vegetable APP, scrutinizing its design and distinctive attributes tailored to specific customers. Furthermore, it conducts an in-depth analysis of the correlation between the platforms commercial success and its data mining functionality. The primary aspect in which the data mining function of the Dingdong Buying Vegetable APP is expected to be manifested is through extensive data mining. The process of mining client data and conducting a full comparison and analysis of sales data for all products sold is a highly intricate and exhaustive endeavor. The use of these data mining functions serves multiple purposes. Firstly, it efficiently identifies customers genuine requirements on the client side, enabling the recommendation of suitable products and fostering customer reliance on the application. Additionally, it facilitates accurate decision-making in marketing products on the product side by comparing and analyzing diverse data pertaining to the sold products. This approach helps prevent the sale of unsought items and effectively minimizes company expenditure.

Virtually authentic: examining the match-up hypothesis between human vs virtual influencers and product types

Purpose This study aims to investigate the rising trend of virtual influencers – digitally created characters with human-like attributes. It aims to evaluate and compare their effectiveness with human influencers in terms of brand attitudes and purchase intentions. It uncovers the mechanisms underlying the differences in effectiveness observed between virtual influencers and their human counterparts. Design/methodology/approach The research uses a 2 (influencer type: human vs virtual) × 3 (product type: functional vs symbolic vs experiential) between-subjects design. Through a pilot study (n = 334) and a main study (n = 352), the research examines the interactive effects of influencer and product type on brand attitude and purchase intentions. Hypotheses were developed and tested using moderating mediation models centered on authenticity and product–endorser fit. Findings Virtual influencers are perceived as less authentic than human influencers across all product types, negatively influencing brand attitude and purchase intention. However, the extent to which influencer type affects brand attitudes and purchase intentions, mediated by product–endorser fit, varies based on the product type. Originality/value This research emphasizes two key mechanisms – authenticity and product–endorser fit – influencing the effectiveness of virtual influencers. It suggests that aligning virtual influencers with suitable product types can offset their perceived authenticity deficit, significantly affecting their endorsement effectiveness.

KETERLIBATAN EGO TERHADAP KEPERCAYAAN DAN KOMITMEN DALAM MENINGKATKAN MINAT ANGGOTA (Studi Pada KSPPS BMT Nusantara Mojopahit Mojokerto)

This research aims to analyze how ego involvement increases the interest of members or customers at KSPPS BMT Nusantara Mojopahit Mojokerto. As an effort to change the negative perspective that appears in society. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive research type. Data collection techniques were carried out using interview, observation and documentation techniques. The data analysis technique uses descriptive analysis with stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The research results show that ego involvement carried out by KSPPS BMT Nusantara Mojopahit through product variations, good service quality and in accordance with members' needs and desires plays a role in overcoming the impact of negative views in society. Suitable product variations and affordable margins increase public interest in KSPPS BMT Nusantara Mojopahit. The quality of service maintained by BMT Nusantara Mojopahit creates a positive experience for members and overcomes the community's negative views of cooperatives. Ego involvement built through personal communication, shared identity (NU) with the community, and word of mouth marketing (WOM) succeeded in attracting greater public interest in KSPPS BMT Nusantara Mojopahit.

Analysis of Vibration Transmission Path in Packaging System and Design of Teaching Experiment

It is essential for realizing the most suitable product buffer packaging design to quantify the vibration transmission characteristics of the product packaging system. The experiment system for the vibration transmission path of protective packaging is designed in this paper. The practical system is used to analyze the vibration transfer path of the product packaging system and identify the critical transfer path. The concepts of the cushions’ contribution rate and the cushions’ weighted contribution rate are introduced. The product cushioning based on the weighted equal contribution rate of the cushions is proposed. It has been verified by experiments that the system can accurately identify the transfer path with the weighted contribution rate of the cushions as a reference for the design of product buffer packaging, which improves the utilization rate of buffer packaging materials and reduces the cost of packaging materials. The weighted equal contribution rates of buffer pads 1, 2, 3, and 4 are 40%, 27%, 22%, and 11%, respectively. For the needs of experiment teaching, the teaching content based on the protective packaging transfer path testing system is designed, which provides a reference for the practical education of the packaging specialty.

Health Insurance – Opportunities and Challenges of Vietnamese Insurance Businesses

Nowadays, business operations are rapidly changing, demanding companies to constantly grasp market trends, utilize modern achievements in business, and have suitable business strategies and products to survive and thrive in the market. Insurance businesses in Vietnam are also following this trend. Under the development of the economy, politics, and society, the cost pressure on people's livelihoods is increasing. Particularly, healthcare costs in hospitals are a financial risk because not everyone has strong financial resources to cover accidents, illnesses, or diseases. Choosing health insurance is a priority for many people to protect their current and future financial risks. This presents an opportunity for insurance businesses to develop the market, assert their position in the insurance business market, increase revenue to survive amidst increasingly challenging business operations. However, the process of selling health insurance faces numerous difficulties and barriers such as consumer habits, intense competition, legal barriers, and more. Hence, there's a need for solutions to seize opportunities and overcome these challenges in developing health insurance products to aid the growth of insurance businesses. This article focuses on: (1) An overview of health insurance; (2) The current situation of health insurance business in Vietnamese insurance companies; (3) Identifying opportunities and challenges in selling health insurance products; (4) Proposing solutions to develop the business of health insurance products for insurance companies.

Integrated Waste-to-Energy Process Optimization for Municipal Solid Waste

Within the past few decades, thousands of experiments have been performed to characterize urban waste and biomass to estimate their bioenergy potential and product identification. There is a need to develop an integrated process model based on the experimental literature, as well as simulations to obtain suitable products. In this study, municipal solid waste (MSW), including paper and plastic characterization and an integrated process model, were developed to optimize the final products in a reactor system. The process model has two modes, R&D and reactor control (RC), to obtain suitable products including bio-oil, char, and gases. A database was integrated based on thermokinetics, machine learning, and simulation models to optimize product efficiency. The experimental data include those obtained by thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, which were linked to a pyrolysis experimental setup. Feedstock product mapping models were incorporated into the database along with the temperature, heating rates, elemental analysis, and final product concentration, which were utilized for the pyrolysis reactor setup. Product feasibility was conducted based on life cycle cost, affordability, and product efficiency. The present work will bridge the gap between experimental studies and decision-making based on obtained products under several experimental conditions around the world.

Structural modification of starch and protein: From the perspective of gelatinization degree of oat flour

To clarify the relationship between gelatinization degree and structure characteristics, oat kernels were roasted to different gelatinization degree of 15 %–90 % based on tempering water content of 22.5 %–35 %, and the structure characteristics of starch and protein were evaluated. The results showed that the increased gelatinization degree dependent on tempering water content promoted protein aggregation on the surface of starch particles, forming larger aggregates with molecular weight >100 kDa. Oat kernels presented a dense starch gel network structure induced by gelatinized starch. Partial gelatinization of starch led to a decrease in pasting viscosities (setback viscosity, 3.91 Pa·s–1.59 Pa·s) and enthalpy (5.12 J/g–0.11 J/g). With the increase of gelatinization degree, the starch crystal structure conversed from A + V type to V type, accompanied by the formation of starch-lipid complexes and a decrease of relative crystallinity (22.28 %–8.72 %). Moreover, 50 % gelatinized oat flour possessed the highest β-sheet structure (38.04 %), but a decrease in surface hydrophobicity and an increase in endogenous fluorescence intensity were found in oat flour of gelatinization degree >50 %. This study provided a theoretical reference for the application of oat flour with different gelatinization degrees to match suitable products.

Important Aspects of Food Home-Business Sales Based on Customer Review in Shopee

Business opportunities are expanding on e-commerce platforms such as Lazada, Shopee, and e-Bay. However, the Shopee app has the highest user statistics in Malaysia, making it the most suitable platform for small traders like B40 (bottom 40% income) women in Malaysia. Many B40 women experience problems identifying suitable products for sale, as well as improving their product quality. A study of customer reviews to identify the most important attributes of online food products was conducted. A Shopee scraper tool was built to acquire a home-business product dataset. Fourteen attributes were analyzed, and the top five most influential attributes were identified for both positive and negative reviews. The results show that the attributes that have the highest overall impact on online home-business food sales are taste, price, appearance, and texture as well as package condition, delivery service, and free gifts. It is noted that daily snacks and side dishes to go with main meals are suitable for year-round sales, while seasonal cookies are usually in demand only during festive seasons.

Optimized recombinant production of the bacteriocin garvicin Q by Corynebacterium glutamicum.

Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides applied in food preservation and are interesting candidates as alternatives to conventional antibiotics or as microbiome modulators. Recently, we established Corynebacterium glutamicum as a suitable production host for various bacteriocins including garvicin Q (GarQ). Here, we establish secretion of GarQ by C. glutamicum via the Sec translocon achieving GarQ titers of about 7 mg L-1 in initial fermentations. At neutral pH, the cationic peptide is efficiently adsorbed to the negatively charged envelope of producer bacteria limiting availability of the bacteriocin in culture supernatants. A combination of CaCl2 and Tween 80 efficiently reduces GarQ adsorption to C. glutamicum. Moreover, cultivation in minimal medium supplemented with CaCl2 and Tween 80 improves GarQ production by C. glutamicum to about 15 mg L-1 but Tween 80 resulted in reduced GarQ activity at later timepoints. Using a reporter strain and proteomic analyses, we identified HtrA, a protease associated with secretion stress, as another potential factor limiting GarQ production. Transferring production to HtrA-deficient C. glutamicum K9 improves GarQ titers to close to 40 mg L-1. Applying conditions of low aeration prevented loss in activity at later timepoints and improved GarQ titers to about 100 mg L-1. This is about 50-fold higher than previously shown with a C. glutamicum strain employing the native GarQ transporter GarCD for secretion and in the range of levels observed with the native producer Lactococcus petauri B1726. Additionally, we tested several synthetic variants of GarQ and were able to show that exchange of the methionine in position 5 to a phenylalanine (GarQM5F) results in markedly increased activity against Lactococcus lactis and Listeria monocytogenes. In summary, our findings shed light on several aspects of recombinant GarQ production that may also be of relevance for production with natural producers and other bacteriocins.

Durable immunity to EBV after rituximab and third-party LMP-specific T cells: a Children’s Oncology Group study

AbstractPosttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) in pediatric solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients is characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of Epstein-Barr virus–infected (EBV+) B cells due to decreased immune function. This study evaluated the feasibility, safety, clinical and immunobiological outcomes in pediatric SOT recipients with PTLD treated with rituximab and third-party latent membrane protein–specific T cells (LMP-TCs). Newly diagnosed (ND) patients without complete response to rituximab and all patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) disease received LMP-TCs. Suitable LMP-TC products were available for all eligible subjects. Thirteen of 15 patients who received LMP-TCs were treated within the prescribed 14-day time frame. LMP-TC therapy was generally well tolerated. Notable adverse events included 3 episodes of rejection in cardiac transplant recipients during LMP-TC therapy attributed to subtherapeutic immunosuppression and 1 episode of grade 3 cytokine release syndrome. Clinical outcomes were associated with disease severity. Overall response rate (ORR) after LMP-TC cycle 1 was 70% (7/10) for the ND cohort and 20% (1/5) for the R/R cohort. For all cohorts combined, the best ORR for LMP-TC cycles 1 and 2 was 53% and the 2-year overall survival was 70.7%. vβT-cell receptor sequencing showed persistence of adoptively transferred third-party LMP-TCs for up to 8 months in the ND cohort. This study establishes the feasibility of administering novel T-cell therapies in a cooperative group clinical trial and demonstrates the potential for positive outcomes without chemotherapy for ND patients with PTLD. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02900976 and at the Children's Oncology Group as ANHL1522.

Leveraging User Session for Personalized E- Commerce Recommendation

The advent of the internet has propelled many shopping activities online, leading to the rapid growth of e-commerce. This shift has revolutionized the shopping experience, offering unparalleled convenience with anytime, anywhere access via computers and internet connectivity. Moreover, the vast array of easily accessible choices empowers buyers to make well-informed decisions. Numerous websites have emerged to provide e-commerce services, catering either as a complement to physical stores or as standalone businesses. However, the abundance of offerings often leads to information overload for buyers, making product searches time-consuming and frustrating. Personalized e-commerce recommendations alleviate this challenge by guiding users to relevant products swiftly, enhancing the overall shopping experience and ultimately boosting product sales. The study focuses on creating a session-based recommendation system for e-commerce websites, leveraging Recurrent Neural Networks with LSTM architectures to analyze sequential user behavior and browsing context for personalized product recommendations. The research methodology encompasses data collection and preprocessing, where data was splitted into training, testing and validation set. The model was efficiency was evaluated using precision, recall and mean reciprocal rank with the result showing considerable promise for recommendation. This research makes a substantial contribution by suggesting tailored options, users are more likely to find suitable products, leading to increased satisfaction and repeat purchases, thereby benefiting e-commerce platforms.

Uses and mechanism of action of main ingredients in sunscreen products

Today, with the strong development of industrialization and modernization, countries around the world are suffering the severe consequences of climate change, global warming, etc. Our atmosphere are strongly impacted, causing thinning, tearing, and puncture of the ozone layer, causing ultraviolet rays to directly impact human skin. In the modern age, the importance of protecting the skin from the effects of UV rays from the sun has become more important than ever. Increased exposure to sunlight, along with depletion of the ozone layer, has increased the risk of skin-related problems, including skin cancer and premature aging. Sunscreen is not only an important tool to protect the skin from the harmful effects of UV rays, but also helps the skin become smoother and healthier. However, the sunscreen market is increasingly diverse with a variety of products and formulations, and choosing a suitable product is not always easy. Understanding the role and importance of sunscreen to human skin and health, this article presents the uses and mechanisms of action of the ingredients in sunscreen.