Suitable Planting Date Research Articles

Study the Effect of Planting Dates and Reproductive Pruning on Yield Attributes of Yam Bean (Pachyrrhizus erosus L.)

Flowers are reproductive organs that convert photosynthetic assimilates into seeds when flowers are developed the yield of the tuber decreases. So, it’s prerequisite to pluck the flowers to increase the tuber yield [1] as well as its needs to find out suitable planting date for cultivation of yam bean in Konkan region. Therefore, an experiment on “Study the effect of planting dates and reproductive pruning on yield attributes of Yam bean (Pachyrrhizus erosus L.)” was conducted at Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Dapoli, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli during Kharif season of year 2023-24. Two factors were studied during the investigation using factorial randomized block design (p= .05) viz. Planting dates (D) i.e., D₁-1st week of June, D₂-3rd week of June, D3 -1st week of July, D4 -3rd week of July and Interval of reproductive pruning (P) i.e., P1 – Weekly, P2 – Fortnightly, P3 – No pruning. The results showed that weekly reproductive pruning (P1) with planting date 3rd week of June (D2) gave best effect and significantly affect the yield per plant (642.03 g), average weight of tuber (407.70 g),yield per hectare (12.90 t ha-1) and length and diameter of tuber (21.50 cm and 17.53 cm) respectively.

The impact of planting dates and hybrid selection on sunflower seed yield and oil content

Suitable planting dates and hybrid selection are crucial in optimising yield, component traits and oil production in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). In South Africa, there is limited information on the effects of planting dates on currently available sunflower hybrids in the marketplace. This study aimed to investigate the impact of planting dates on sunflower seed yield, oil content and oil yield, and to discern optimal planting dates for selected sunflower hybrids. Nineteen commercial sunflower hybrids were evaluated at three planting dates and three consecutive seasons in Potchefstroom, South Africa. The study used a complete block design with three replicates, and the standard analysis of variance was conducted. Significant differences were detected among seasons, planting dates, hybrids, and their interactions. The mean seed yield varied from 1.86 (LG 5678 CLP) to 2.50 tonnes ha−1 (PAN 7160 CLP). The oil content varied from 37.23 (P 65LP 54) to 53.16% (SY 3970 CLP), and the oil yield ranged from 0.74 (AGSUN 5101 CLP) to 1.25 tonnes ha−1 (LG 5710). Planting sunflowers in November and December resulted in the highest seed yield, oil content and oil yield, while planting in January and early February showed linear declines. January planting reduced 1 to 20%, 2 to 10%, and 3 to 26% in seed yield, oil content and oil yield, respectively. February planting significantly reduced seed yield by 72%, oil content by 20% and oil yield by 77%. The study recommended November and December as optimal sunflower planting dates in South Africa.

Effects of set size and planting date on yield, quality and shelf life of kharif onion under low hill region of himachal pradesh

The experiment was conducted at an experimental farm to find out the optimum set size and suitable planting date of onion during kharif season for obtaining the maximum yield. The trials had three replications and 16 treatment combinations on Agrifound Dark Red. The treatments included four set sizes (small 1-1.5cm, medium 1.5-2.0cm, large 2.0-2.5cm, and extra large >2.5cm) and four planting dates (July 10, July 25, August 10, and August 25). The treatment combination of 1.5-2.0cm set size and 10th August planting was advantageous for several characteristics. Small sets (1-1.5 cm) produced small bulbs and also the yield was reduced. Large and exceptionally large size sets (2.0-2.5cm and >2.5cm) produced more twins, triplets, split bulbs, and bolting, which were undesirable features. Considering net profit and economic yields, medium set size and planting on August 10th was found to be more profitable (1: 3.84). Bangladesh J. Bot. 53(1): 17-23, 2024 (March)

YIELD AND QUALITY OF SOME MAIZE HYBRIDS (ZEA MAYS L.) UNDER DIFFERENT PLANTING DATES

For optimal maize yield, selecting the appropriate planting date based on a region's climatic conditions is crucial.
 This is especially true when considering the varying needs of different maize hybrids. To better understand the
 relationship between planting dates and yield for various maize hybrids, a study was conducted in Jiroft during
 2018 and 2019. This research examined ten maize hybrids across three distinct planting dates.The findings
 revealed that delaying the planting date reduced yield components, SPAD, GDD, oil percentage, and overall oil
 yield.Interestingly, the amino acid content increased with delayed planting. Among the hybrids, the 703 variant
 achieved its peak grain yield on July 18. In contrast, the lowest yield was recorded on August 1, marking a
 substantial 30.07% reduction in grain yield. These results underscore the significance of timely planting in
 maximizing both the yield and quality attributes of maize hybrids.

Mapping of Evapotranspiration and Determination of the Water Footprint of a Potato Crop Grown in Hyper-Arid Regions in Saudi Arabia

Seasonal quantification of a crop’s evapotranspiration (ET) and water footprint (WF) is essential for sustainable agriculture. Therefore, this study was conducted to estimate the ET and WF of an irrigated potato crop using satellite imagery of Landsat and Sentinel-2 sensors. The Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) algorithm was used to evaluate the crop water use (ETa) for potato fields belonging to the Saudi Agricultural Development Company, located in the Wadi-Ad-Dawasir region, Saudi Arabia. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), and land surface temperature (LSD) were computed for Landsat and Sentinel-2 datasets, which were used as inputs for mapping the potato tuber yield and, subsequently, the WF. The results indicated that the NDVI showed the best accuracy for the prediction of the potato tuber yield (R2 = 0.72, P > F = 0.021) followed by the SAVI (R2 = 0.64, P > F = 0.018), compared to the field harvested actual yield (YA). A comparison between the satellite-based ETa and the actual amount of water applied (WA) for irrigation showed a good correlation (R2 = 0.89, RMSE = 4.4%, MBE = 12.9%). The WF of the potatoes in the study area was estimated at values between 475 and 357 m3 t−1 for the early (September–December) and late (December–April) growing periods, respectively. A major portion (99.2%) of the WF was accounted for from irrigation with variations of 18.5% and 3.5% for early- and late-planted potatoes, respectively, compared to the baseline (crop planted in season). In conclusion, the results showed the possibility of satisfactorily estimating the WF using the SSEB algorithm by integrating the Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 datasets. In general, the high rates of ET in the early planting season led to higher WF values compared to the in-season and late planting dates; this will help in selecting suitable planting dates for potato crops in the study area and areas with similar environments, which enhances the opportunities for sustainable management of irrigation water.

Effect of Light, Temperature, Salinity, and Halopriming on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Hibiscus sabdariffa under Salinity Stress

Salt stress is a serious and current global problem for crops. Due to climate change, the soil today has higher salinity levels than in past decades. Identifying temperature, light, and salinity that allow plants to germinate and grow is an ambitious challenge for the future. Hibiscus sabdariffa (H. sabdariffa) is a plant that undergoes abiotic stress during all stages of growth. The aim of this work was to identify the best conditions in terms of light, temperature, and salinity during the germination and growth phases of H. sabdariffa. To improve the germination of H. sabdariffa seed, the effects of abiotic stress were investigated in three experiments. In the first experiment, the factors included light at two levels (light and dark cycles) and temperature at eight levels (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 °C). In the second experiment, the effect of salinity was examined at seven levels (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 mM NaCl). In the third experiment, the factors consisted of seed halopriming at two levels (0 and 180 mM NaCl for 24 h) and salinity at seven levels (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 mM NaCl). The highest germination rate (GR), seedling dry weight, and uniformity of germination were obtained at 30 °C in dark conditions, as reported by one-way Anova analysis. Germination was restricted by temperatures lower and higher than 5 and 30 °C, respectively. By increasing the salinity, all the germination characteristics were decreased, but these effects were less pronounced by halopriming. The most suitable planting date was in the spring, when the temperature was in the range of 25–35 °C. During the germination stage, Hibiscus tea is sensitive to low salinity soils. Halopriming can be performed for enhancing GR and emergence percentage.

Comparison of Changing Cultivation Pattern on Morphological and Biochemical Characteristics of Forage of Two Types of Crop Legumes in The Tropical Climate of Southern Kerman Province

Reduction of the quantity and quality of forage is one of the main restrictions on the productivity of livestock systems. Tropical legumes are the most important crops to improve livestock feeds and, thus, for providing livestock products for human consumption in arid regions. In order to investigate the shift of cultivation date of two legumes from summer to spring in arid weather conditions, a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replication was conducted at the Agricultural Research Institute of south Kerman, Iran, during two cropping seasons. Treatment was planting in three and two tropical legumes (Tapary bean and cowpea). The results showed that changing planting dates led to a significant effect on seed yield and forage quality of two legumes in the region. All agronomic traits for cowpea increased compared to Tepary bean due to differences in their genetic backgrounds. The two legumes were not different in terms of nitrogen, crude protein, and ash. On all three planting dates, the hemicellulose-free cell wall of cowpea was higher than Tepary. In contrast, neutral detergent fiber for Tepary was observed more than cowpea. The highest dry matter index was recorded for cowpea. Whereas the highest dry matter digestibility, the net energy of lactation, and metabolizable energy were related for Tepary. According to the different physiological and phenological responses of the two legumes, it is necessary to examine the selection of suitable planting dates for improving the quantitative and qualitative yield of forage.

Effect of Planting Date on Phenotypic Characters, Harvested Leaves and Seed Yield of Mustard Green (Lai Shak) In Sylhet Region

A field trial was conducted at farming system research and development (FSRD) site, South SurmainSylhet under AEZ-20 during two consecutive years of 2017- 18 and 2018-19 to find out the suitable planting date for successful and economic production of leaves and seed yield of mustard green (Brassica juncea). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design having five different dates of seedling transplant viz. 15 October, 30 October, 15 November, 30 November and 15 December with four dispersed replications.The seedlings transplanted on 15 November recorded significantly the highestnumber of harvested leaves plant-1, weight of single leaf, harvested leaf yield (35.07 t ha-1), siliqua plant -1 and weight of 1000-seed and seed yield (1.38 t ha-1) of mustard green. The highest gross return (Tk. 862800 ha-1) and net return (Tk. 627300 ha-1) with benefit cost ratio (BCR) of 3.66 was obtained from 15 November planting followed by 30 October planting. Conversely, the lowest gross return (Tk.611620 ha-1), net return (Tk. 376120 ha-1) and BCR (2.59) were recorded from 15 December planting. So, last October to mid-November planting would be suitable for economic production of leaves and seed yield of brown mustard in Sylhet region of Bangladesh.
 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 45(2): 165-174, June 2020

Accessing Future Mixed Beans Yield in Zambia under a Changing Climate Scenario

Quantitative evaluation of the response of crop yield and crop water productivity to future climate change is important to prevent/mitigate the adverse effects of climate change. This study assessed the future impact of climate change on rain-fed mixed beans production in Zambia. Mixed beans yield data from 1976 to 2000, was used, aggregated by province and was detrended for non-climatic factors, then correlated with the climatic variables from WABAL function in MOSAICC programme. The significantly correlated variables were regressed to generate coefficients (xi) for each variable (ai) and the intercept (b) to build models for each province. Downscaled data from three GCMs of CanESM2, CNRM-CM5 and MPI-ESM-MR were used to forecast the 2011-2069 yields under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. By comparing the historical and the future mean yields for each RCP, the change was computed and judged for significance. The general trend in the projected climate simulated future yields by the three GCMs under the two RCPs showed a decrease in yield in Agro-Ecological Region (AER) III, IIb and I, and an increase in AER IIa. The projected decrease was attributed to the temperature increase and rainy seasons tending to start later and end earlier than the historical average. This change calls for use of varieties that are more resilient to elevated mean temperatures, use of early maturing varieties, selection of suitable planting dates, the use of chemical fertilizers and the construction of irrigation and water conservancy facilities.

Effect of Different Sowing Dates and Varieties on Yield, Size and Number of Tubers of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

An experiment was conducted for determination of most suitable planting dates for cultivation of potato during Rabi season of 2011-12 and 2012-13 at Main Experiment Station, Department of Vegetable Science, Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad (U.P.). Five planting dates (17 October, 27 October, 7 November, 17 November and 27 November) and four varieties (Kufri Ashoka, Kufri Pushkar, Kufri Bahar and Kufri Arun) were arranged in Randomized Block Design with factorial concept, replicated four. Total tuber yield (q ha-1), total number of tubers plant-1, total number and weight of “A” grade (>75g), “B” grade (50-75g), “C” grade (25-50g) and “D” grade (0-25g) tubers plant-1. The result revealed that planting on 17 November produced maximum tuber yield i.e. 391.59 quintal and 404.59 quintal per hectare during 2011-12 and 2012-13, respectively. However, the minimum total tuber yield i.e. 282.61 q ha-1 and 291.74 q ha-1 was recorded when planted on 27 November during both the years of investigation. Among the varieties the maximum total tuber yield was obtained i.e. 376.33 quintal hectare-1 in variety Arun followed by Kufri Pushkar. However the variety Kufri Ashoka and Kufri Bahar found to be at par during 2011-12 and 2012-13, respectively.

Evaluation of Yield Performance of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varieties with Varied Dates of Planting under North Central Plateau Zone (NCPZ) of Odisha

Aim: To identify the proper variety and suitable date of planting of potato for North Central Plateau Zone (NCPZ) of Odisha.
 Study Design: The experiment was laid in a Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with three replications.
 Place and Duration of Study: The field experiment was carried out at Field Experimental Block, Regional research and Technology Transfer Station (RRTTS), Keonjhar, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Odisha. The investigation was conducted during rabi-2015-16 and rabi-2016-17.
 Methodology: There were four high yielding potato genotypes used as sub-factor for the study such as V1: Kufri Jyoti, V2: Kufri Surya, V3: Kufri Ashoka and V4: Kufri Pukhraj. The materials were planted in three different dates (D1: 15th November, D2: 25th November and D3: 5th December) as main-factor to identify the superior variety with suitable dates of planting.
 Results: The results of pooled analysis of variance (ANOVA) shown that the genotypes had significant differences for the dates of planting on yield. Higher tuber yield was recorded in the variety Kufri Pukhraj in both rabi-2015-16 (28.37 t ha-1) and rabi-2016-17 (35.53 t ha-1) along with higher mean yield (31.95 t ha-1). All the varieties have higher yield when planted on D1 (15th November) as compared to the other two date of planting.
 Conclusion: The varietal and environmental variations as well as their interaction had a considerable influence on yield and its attributes. In this investigation, Kufri Pukhraj was identified as higher yielder and 15th November was found best suitable planting date for north central plateau zone of Odisha, as this date given higher yield as compared to the other two dated of plating. Therefore, if a specific window of date of planting can be ascertained to the farmers of this region then it would help to cultivate potato exactly when the climatic conditions are favorable for its growth and ultimately to get a high crop yield.

Response of Quinoa Yield and Seed Chemical Composition to Planting Dates and Densities under the Climatic Conditions of Aswan Governorate.

A field experiment was carried out at the experimental farm, faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources,Aswan University during2018-19 and 2019-20 seasons to identify the suitable planting date and the optimum plant density on growth, yield and its quality of quinoa cv.Regalona under sandy soil using drip irrigation system.The experiment was carried out in(RCBD)using split-plot plot design with three replications, where planting dates (P1: 10thOctober, P2: 25thOctober and P3: 10thNovember)were occupied main plots and plant density (D1:56.000, D2:70.000 and D3:84.000 plant fed-1)were arranged sub-plots. Results revealed that planting quinoa on 10th October resulted in maximum plant height, number of inflorescence plant-1, 1000-seed weight, seed yield fed-1and chemical compositions in both seasons.The delay of sowing led to increased carbohydrate concentration in seeds. The impact of plant density was significant for all studied traits in both seasons. Seed yield increased by(39.83 and 50.38%)with increase of plant density from 56.000 to 84.000 plant fed-1 in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively. The increase of plant density significantly decreased both weight of 1000-seed and protein percentage in both seasons. Interaction between sowing date and plant density(D×P)showed that the highest seed yield fed-1obtained in the 1st date(10-October)with density84.000 plant fed-1(753.60 and 767.93 kg fed-1)in both seasons. The highest seed protein content resulted from sowing at 10-October with density56.000plant fed-1.Ultimately, it can be concluded that planting quinoa(cv. Regalona)on 10thOctober with sowing density 84 thousand plant fed-1 could be recommend to maximize quinoa productivity and its quality of seeds under the climatic condition prevailing of Aswan Governorate

Impact of Sowing Dates on Forage Value of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Under Semi-arid Conditions

This study was aimed to determine forage value of quinoa at the different sowing dates under semi-arid conditions. Research was conducted according to randomized complete blocks design with three replicates in Harran plain conditions in 2016, Sanliurfa, Turkey. Q-52 Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) variety was used as plant material. In the study 9 different sowing dates were used such as 15 February, 1 March, 15 March, 1 April, 15 April, 1 May, 15 May, 1 June and 15 June. In the research plant height, stem diameter, number of branches per plant, biomass yield, dry forage yield and harvest index were investigated. As a result of the research, statistically significant differences were seen between sowing dates at tested characteristics (P≤0.01). As a result of the research, statistically significant differences were seen between sowing dates at tested characteristics (P≤0.01). Plant height ranged from 81.8 cm to 109.4 cm, stem diameter from 9.0 mm to 12.6 mm, number of branches per plant from 10.3 to 12.7 number. The highest biomass yield was obtained from 1 April sowing date with 1751.40 kg da-1 whereas the lowest biomass yield was seen at June 15 sowing date with 1295.28 kg da-1. Dry matter yield values were between 415.8 (15 February) and 546.88 kg da-1 (1 April). Harvest index values were between 39.3% and 42.0%. Quinoa yield characteristics in generally increased from 15 February to 1 April sowing dates, but after 1 April sowing dates decreased. Higher values were obtained from April and May sowing dates. The most suitable planting date for quinoa plant in semi-arid climatic conditions was determined as 1 April and can be recommended in similar ecologies.

Studying the influence of sowing dates on the growth, development, yield and quality indicators of peanut varieties in the irrigated condition of tashkent region

The peanut or groundnut (Arachishypogaea) is a species in the legume family (Fabaceae). There are different varieties like Virgina group, Spanish group, Runner group, Valencia group, Tennessee red and Tennessee white. Peanut consists of 30 essential nutrients andphytonutrients. Peanuts are a good source of vitamins and metals. Peanut hulls consist of crude fiber, cellulose, water, crude protein, ash and fat. This study was conducted in the experiment fields at the Plant Science Department of the Faculty of Agrobiology at Tashkent State Agrarian University in 2009–2011. The experiment was performed in a split-plot design with 3 repetitions. The goals of this study were to determine the appropriate planting date for peanut under the ecological conditions of Tashkent and to investigate the effect of different planting dates on some agronomic traits, yield, and yield components of 4 local peanut varieties: Tashkent-112, Kibray-4, Salomat and Mumtoz. It was determined that the planting date had a statistically significant effect on pod yield, days to maturity, days to 50% flowering date, number of pods per plant, plant height, shelling percentages, pod yield per plant, and 1000 seed weight. The results showed that the suitable planting date was 5 May and the Mumtoz and local varieties were promising for Tashkent region conditions.

Induced Thermo-dormancy in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Cultivars by Sub- and Supra-optimal Temperatures

Till now the impacts of sub- and supra-optimal temperatures on the induction of secondary dormancy (SD) in rapeseed seeds have not yet been investigated. Therefore, the possibility of SD induction at sub- and supra-optimal temperatures (thermo-dormancy) was investigated in six rapeseed cultivars with high (Trapper and Agamax), medium (Hayola-50 and Hayola-420) and low (Rohan and Zarfam) SD potential. Seeds were incubated at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 37 and 40 °C under both light (12 h light/12 h dark) and continuous dark conditions to assess for thermo-dormancy induction. Thermo-dormancy in high SD potential cultivars was more than 90% at 5, 37 and 40 °C in the dark. The cultivars with medium SD potential only displayed high level of thermo-dormancy (> 70%) at 37 and 40 °C, but at 5 °C it was less than 25% in the dark. In high and medium SD cultivars, light stimulated germination and reduced thermo-dormant seeds at sub- and supra-optimal temperatures. In the low SD cultivars, which displayed very low percentages of thermo-dormancy and thermo-inhibition of germination at sub- and supra-optimal temperatures, seed mortality increased with rise of temperature. Accordingly, the reduced germination of rapeseed at sub- and supra-optimal temperatures may be due to thermo-inhibition, thermo-dormancy and seed mortality, which are also affected by light condition. Use of seeds with low potential for SD induction from tolerant cultivars in environments prone to temperature stress and/or adopting suitable planting date to increase crop establishment under stressful environments are recommended.

English

In South Texas, most of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) crops are produced on plastic mulch due to the elevated temperatures and solar radiations. The study objectives were to; determine the suitable planting dates for increasing tomato varieties production under different planting dates in early spring and late winter, and evaluate the influence of using the plastic mulch (black and white. In the Spring season, nine tomato varieties (four rounds and five roma) were grown. The round varieties were the Torero, Mykonos, Shourouq, and TAM Hot-Ty, and the roma varieties were Prunus, Rio Grande, Seri, DRP-8551, and SV8579TE. The best five varieties from the spring season and two more varieties were selected for evaluation in the fall including; SV8579ET, Mykonos, DRP-8551, TAM-HOT-T4, Shourouq, Tycoon, and Everglade. All the tomato varieties were evaluated during the Spring season under three different planting dates (from late-February till late-March) and three mulching treatments (black, white plastic mulch, and bare soil); and during the fall season during two planting dates (from early to mid-September) and two mulching treatments (black and white plastic mulch). Higher average marketable yields were observed in the spring season than the fall season. The best varieties during the spring season were DRP-8551, SV8597TE, Shourouq, and Seri with yields ranging from 68,630 to 57,237 kg/ha, whereas the best varieties in the fall; were DRP-8551, SV8597TE, and Tycoon with yields ranging from 47,123 to 60,674 kg/ha. In both seasons, white plastic mulch resulted in higher yields compared to the black and bare tomato yields.    Key words: Planting dates, plastic mulch, tomato yield.

Effect of Planting Date on Accumulated Temperature and Maize Growth under Mulched Drip Irrigation in a Middle-Latitude Area with Frequent Chilling Injury

Given that chilling injury, which involves late spring cold and early autumn freezing, significantly affects maize growth in middle-latitude cold areas, a highly efficient cultivation technique combining suitable planting date (PD) and mulched drip irrigation is being studied to guarantee maize production. A field experiment for medium-mature variety “Xianyu 335” was conducted in 2015 to 2016 in Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, China, to explore the effects of PD on the active accumulated temperature (AAT) distribution and maize growth under mulched drip irrigation. Based on the dates (around May 1) of late spring cold occurring in the area, four PDs were designed, namely, April 20 (MD1), May 2–3 (MD2), May 12 (MD3), and May 22 (MD4), and a non-film mulching treatment (NM-D2) was added on the second PD. Results indicated that: (1) the warming effect of film mulching effectively compensated for the lack of heat during the early stages of maize growth. Compared with that in NM-D2, the soil temperature under mulching in MD2 for the sowing–emergence and seedling stage increased by 14.3% and 7.6%, respectively, promoting maize emergence 4 days earlier and presenting 5.6% and 9.7% increases in emergence rate and grain yield, respectively; (2) the AAT reduction caused by PD delay was mainly observed in reproductive stage, which reached 96.6 °C for every 10 days of PD delay in this stage; (3) PD markedly affected maize growth process and yield, which were closely related to the chilling injury. The late spring cold slowed down the emergence or jointing for maize (under MD1 and MD2), but brought insignificant adverse effect on maize later growth and grain yield (16.1 and 15.9 Mg·ha−1, respectively). While the maize in both MD3 and MD4 treatments suffered from early autumn freezing damage at the anthesis–maturity stages, resulting in shortening in reproductive period by 4–8 days and decrease in grain yield by 11.4–17.3% compared with those in MD1 and MD2; and (4) taking the typical date (May 1) of late spring cold occurring as the starting point, the grain yield penalty reached 8.5% for every 10 days of PD delay; for every 100 °C of AAT decrease during reproductive stage, the grain yield decreased by 6.1%. The conclusions offer certain reference values for maize cultivation in the same latitude areas with similar ecological environments.

Physiological Indices, Phenological Characteristics and Trait Evaluation of Canola Genotypes Response to Different Planting Dates

To manage planting date based on optimal compatibility to the environmental condition a split plot experiment based Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications was carried out. Four planting dates (November 6th and 21st, December 6th and 21st) in main plots and four genotypes (Hyola401, PP401, RGS003 and Option500) in subplots were studied. According to analysis of variance results, grain yield, yield components and biological yield were significantly affected by planting date, genotypes and interaction effect. The first planting date (November 6th) had maximum grain yield (2611.6 t ha−1) and after it another planting date showed decrease in amount (13.74, 31.36 and 41.97 % respectively). First planting date was superior in physiological index as compared to the other planting dates. Hyola401 hybrid, due to the fact that it had a higher leaf area index (3.51), total dry matter (1248.91 g m−2), crop growth rate (21 g m−2 day−1), net assimilation rate (7 g m−2 day−1), relative growth rate (0.064 g g−1 day−1) and maximum grain yield, was seen to be the most adaptable genotype. Hyola401 hybrid at first planting date germinated in shortest time (5.8 day) had the highest flowering duration (24.0 day) and long days to ripening (154.0 day). Finally according to the results of the present work, sowing of Hyola401 hybrid on 6th November was recommended as suitable planting date.

Study and Determination of most suitable Planting Date under Polyethylene Semi Tunnel and Mulch Conditions in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in Isfahan

Study and Determination of most suitable Planting Date under Polyethylene Semi Tunnel and Mulch Conditions in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in Isfahan

Effect of time and depth of planting on growth, flowering and yield of tuberose cv. Single

Field experiment was carried out to study the suitable planting dates and depths for tuberose under Manipur conditions. Early (20th April) and shallow planting (4 cm) recorded significantly the maximum values for vegetative growth, floral and bulb parameters. Among the treatment combinations, April 20th at 4 cm (P1D1) significantly improved the spike length (91.2 cm), rachis length (17.73 cm) and spikes yield per hectare (3, 14, 000 No.), while, P1D3 resulted in maximum spike longetivity (18.13 days), maximum number of bulbs per clump (16.07), maximum bulb weight per clump (16.08 g) and maximum diameter of the largest bulb (3.68 cm). However, maximum number of florets per spike (28.07) was obtained in P1D2.