Suitable Parameters Research Articles

Web-Based Document Tracking System for Catanduanes State University with QR-Code Technology: In Alignment with Republic Act No. 11032

Tracing in a university setting is usually beset with inaccuracies, misplaced files, and delay retrieval. This research is, therefore, designed to develop a web-based document tracking system that integrates QR-code technology specifically tailored for Catanduanes State University (CatSU). It shall be designed to further enhance efficiency in document tracking to complement administrative processes and purport compliance with Republic Act No. 11032, otherwise known as the Ease of Doing Business and Efficient Government Service Delivery Act of 2018. Through document tracking, the system reduces the risk of human error and allows transparency of both sent and received documents. Developed using HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and PHP, along with a centralized database implemented on an Apache server, QR codes uniquely identify each document for real-time status tracking. The system evaluation, performed on ISO/IEC 25010 software quality criteria, gave it a rating of "Excellent." Overall, the mean score of critical parameters of Functional Suitability, Performance Efficiency, Compatibility, Usability, Reliability, Security, Maintainability, and Portability are in the range of 4.94. This high rating signifies that the system can further document management and administrative procedures at CatSU. Other recommendations include expanding the system's capabilities, training the users, and the development of mobile access. Overall, the DTS provides an effective solution for the document tracking needs of CatSU, which enables transparency, accuracy, and compliance with RA 11032, besides the potential of the backbone toward scalability and further improvements.

Optimization, validation, and greenness assessment of a capillary zone electrophoresis method for analysis of inorganic and organic anions in human milk oligosaccharides.

The development and validation of an accurate, selective, and eco-friendly capillary zone electrophoretic detection (CZE) method has been presented for concurrent measurement of inorganic and organic anions including chloride, sulfate, formic acid, citric acid, acetic acid, phosphate, and glutamic acid in Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs) for the first time. An electrolyte composed of an aqueous solution of benzoic acid, 16.38mM; l-histidine, 24.49mM; and polyacrylamide 0.0025% provided a satisfactory separation of all analytes of interest. The electroosmotic flow was reversed using polyacrylamide in the background buffer. UV detection was carried out at a wavelength of 230nm using benzoic acid in running buffer. Analysis was conducted on a 60cm (53cm to the detector) x 0.75μm i.d. fused-silica capillary at a potential of -30 kV and the temperature of 20°C. The procedure had a linear response in the concentration range of 2-200mg/L for all analytes with correlation coefficients ≥0.9997. Validation was performed based on the International Council for Harmonization (ICH). The National Environmental Methods Index and the analytical GREEness metric were the tools applied for greenness assessment. System suitability parameter was determined using the expanded uncertainty of the method estimated from method validation data. The applicability of the proposed procedure was shown in diverse real samples.

Analysis of initial singularity admitting viable bounce models

This article examines the cosmic evolution in the framework of symmetric teleparallel theory, characterized by the function of non-metricity scalar (Q). We use the e-folding number and reconstruction method with a suitable parametrization of the scale factor to obtain the functional form of symmetric teleparallel theory. Using this reconstructed model, we examine the behavior of different cosmographic parameters to demonstrate the bouncing scenarios of the cosmos by considering the contraction and expansion phases of cosmos before and after the bouncing point, respectively. It is found that the null energy condition is violated which shows that the singularity issue can be resolved in this extended theoretical framework. Moreover, we observe that the acceleration occurs near the bouncing point and the reconstructed model aligns with the current cosmic expansion. Finally, we check the validity of second law of thermodynamics in the bouncing framework of our model.

Geospatial intelligence framework for BTS infrastructure planning toward universal internet access target in Indonesia

Equitable internet coverage has emerged as a key global priority, which is essential for promoting inclusive and sustainable development. The Indonesian government aims to provide universal internet access by 2024, particularly in remote regions. This study introduces a novel machine-learning-based approach to identify the priority areas for deploying Base Transceiver Station (BTS) towers, which are crucial for achieving the internet access targets of the government. A BTS Network Priority Index was developed by integrating the internet demand estimates with a BTS suitability index derived from key predictors: proximity to fiber optic stations, physical–environmental suitability, and infrastructure–economic readiness. The model identified areas with high internet demand and high BTS suitability as the most critical for immediate development, covering 20 km2. Additionally, future BTS development should target areas with high demand but medium suitability (900 km2) and medium demand but high suitability (280 km2). To validate the methodology, the Random Forest model was employed, which achieved an area under the curve value of 0.7315, indicating strong predictive performance. For the BTS Deployment Suitability parameter, the median was 0.65, with the lower and upper quartiles at 0.44 and 0.85, respectively, confirming that most proposed locations are highly suitable for development. This systematic approach provides data-driven insights for the equitable distribution of BTS towers to ensure efficient internet infrastructure expansion across Indonesia. Furthermore, the study offers a framework that can be adapted by other countries aiming to improve their digital infrastructure and achieve comprehensive, equitable internet access.

Development and Validation of a Method for Detecting and Quantifying Mitragynine in Kratom Samples Using HPLC-PDA

Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth) has been identified as a New Psychoactive Substance (NPS) by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and included in the list of prohibited ingredients in food supplements and traditional medicine by Indonesian FDA. Therefore, a rapid, easy, and reliable analytical method is necessary to detect and quantify this plant and its products. This study developed a method for the detection and quantification of kratom products based on a unique compound, mitragynine, as a biomarker. A previous survey of determining mitragynine in Kratom using GC-MS, LC-MS/MS, UPLC, and HPLC-PDA. Previously, the HPLC-PDA method used a C8 column. Yet, for efficiency, it is also necessary to develop a test method using a C18 column. Analysis was performed using an HPLC - PDA system with Waters Atlantis T3-C18 (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 µm) column. The mobile phase comprises acetonitrile and formic acid 0.05%, pH 5.0 (75:25 v/v), delivered at a 1.0 mL/min flow rate. Detection was carried out at a wavelength of 225 nm. The analytical method was validated with test parameters of selectivity, system suitability, accuracy, precision, linearity, detection limit, and quantification limit. The validation study demonstrated an excellent linear concentration range of 1.96 - 6.01 µg/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9996; the detection limit is 0.14 µg/mL, while the limit of quantification is 0.45 µg/mL—accuracy method of 98.88 - 101.44% and a bias of 0.27%. The percent relative standard deviation for six independent assay determinations was 0.67%, and the intermediate precision was 1.56% on two days. The mitragynine amounts in these materials ranged from 6.01 to 6.31 mg/g of dried leaf material. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the method developed provides quick, simple, reliable, accurate, and valid, and has an advantage over existing methods in terms of simplicity of sample preparation, short analysis time, and cost-effectiveness compared to GCMS and LCMS/MS and can be applied for future analysis in Kratom samples.

Study of cosmic evolution admitting thermodynamic analysis

This article examines the cosmic evolution in the framework of symmetric teleparallel theory, characterized by the function of non-metricity scalar (Q). We use the e-folding number and reconstruction method with a suitable parametrization of the scale factor to obtain the functional form of symmetric teleparallel theory. Using this reconstructed model, we examine the behavior of different cosmographic parameters to demonstrate the bouncing scenarios of the cosmos by considering the contraction and expansion phases of cosmos before and after the bouncing point, respectively. It is found that the null energy condition is violated which shows that the singularity issue can be resolved in this extended theoretical framework. Moreover, we observe that the acceleration occurs near the bouncing point and the reconstructed model aligns with the current cosmic expansion. Finally, we check the validity of second law of thermodynamics in the bouncing framework of our model.

Constraining hybrid potential scalar field cosmological model in Lyra’s geometry with recent observational data

In this study, we investigate a scalar field cosmological model with Lyra’s geometry to explain the present cosmic expansion in a homogeneous and isotropic flat FRW universe. In Einstein’s field equations, we presupposed a variable displacement vector as an element of Lyra’s geometry. In the context of the conventional theory of gravity, we suggest a suitable parametrization of the scalar field’s dark energy density in the hybrid function of redshift [Formula: see text], confirming the essential transition behavior of the universe from a decelerating era to the present accelerated scenario. We present constraints on model parameters using the most recent observational datasets from OHD, BAO/CMB and Pantheon, taking Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis into account. For the proposed model, the best estimated values of parameters for the combined dataset (OHD, BAO/CMB and Pantheon) are [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]km/s/Mpc, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The model exhibits a flipping nature, and the redshift transition occurs at [Formula: see text]. The current value of the decelerated parameter for the proposed model is calculated as [Formula: see text] for the combined dataset. Some dynamical properties of the model like energy density ([Formula: see text]), scalar field pressure ([Formula: see text]), EoS parameter of scalar field ([Formula: see text]), and effective EoS parameter ([Formula: see text]) are analyzed and presented. Further, we have also examined the statefinder diagnosis and jerk parameters of the derived model. The total density parameter for the derived model is found to be unity which is in nice agreement with recent standard findings.

Gas chromatography mass spectrometer determination of dimethylamine impurity in N,N-dimethylformamide solvent by derivatization of N,N-dimethylbenzamide with benzoyl chloride agent.

This study describes the development of a reliable and linear analytical method for precisely determining dimethylamine impurity in N,N-dimethylformamide solvent utilizing a benzoyl chloride derivatization reagent and a gas chromatography mass spectrometer. Benzoyl chloride was used to derivatize dimethylamine. At normal temperature, benzoyl chloride combined with dimethylamine, producing N,N-dimethylbenzamide. This method separated N,N-dimethylbenzamide using Rtx-5 amine (30 m × 0.32 mm × 1.50 μm) as the stationary phase, helium as the carrier gas, argon as the collision gas, and methanol as the diluent. The column flow rate was 2mL/min. The retention time of N,N-dimethylbenzamide was determined to be 8.5min. Precision, linearity, and accuracy were tested using ICH Q2 (R2) and USP<1225> guidelines. The percentage coefficient of variation (CV) for N,N-dimethylbenzamide in the system suitability parameter was 1.1%. The correlation coefficient of N,N-dimethylbenzamide was found to be >0.99. In the method precision parameter, the % CV for N,N-dimethylbenzamide was found to be 1.9%, whereas the % CV for N,N-dimethylbenzamide was 1.2% in intermediate precision. The percentage recovery of N,N-dimethylbenzamide was determined to be between 80% and 98%.

Analyzing meteorological parameters using Pearson correlation coefficient and implementing machine learning models for solar energy prediction in Kuching, Sarawak

Solar energy is one of the clean renewable energy sources that can offset the rising consumption of fossil fuels. However, the meteorological parameters, such as solar irradiance, ambient and solar module temperatures, relative humidity, etc., constantly change, and so does the solar power generation. Such variations cause instability in the power grid operation due to injecting an unpredicted amount of power. Hence, solar energy prediction models capable of learning from past weather data and predicting future energy generation are highly desired for grid operation and planning. The objective of this study is to determine the suitable meteorological parameters for the solar energy prediction model based on the Pearson correlation coefficient and to implement them in different machine learning models. It is found in this study that five meteorological parameters, namely Air temperature, cloud opacity, global tilted irradiance, relative humidity, and zenith angle, correlate highly with solar energy generation. Later, based on the correlations, four machine-learning models were implemented to predict the solar power for Kuching, Sarawak. The accuracy of the models is measured through standard matrices such as root mean square error, mean square error, mean absolute error, and R-squared value.

Nonlinear control of two fingers model for movement coordination

This research introduces an innovative methodology for the integrated modeling, simulation, and analysis of two fingers, with particular emphasis on their fundamental roles in everyday tasks. In this study, we provide two nonlinear control strategies, specifically Sliding Mode Control (SMC) and Feedback Linearization Control (FLC), to achieve accurate and stable finger movements. As mentioned earlier, the controllers are utilized in the context of a biomechanical model consisting of two fingers, each possessing two degrees of freedom. These controllers enable the coordination of flexion and extension movements. The research conducted in our study emphasizes the coordinated regulation of finger movements, enabling the achievement of flexion through the utilization of two nonlinear controllers. By implementing these sophisticated control mechanisms, we can effectively showcase our model’s fidelity in adhering to the physiological limitations inherent to human fingers in their natural state. In addition, the proposed controllers demonstrate sound mitigation of non-linearities, such as load variations, different velocities, positional changes, and damping forces. This approach presents several advantages, such as handling non-linearities, guaranteeing robustness, choosing suitable parameters, and conducting comparative analysis. In order to substantiate our findings, we develop the nonlinear model utilizing the MATLAB/Simulink software. The findings of our study demonstrate effective regulation and control of the two-finger model’s position. In our study, we were able to get flexion angles of [Formula: see text] rad and [Formula: see text] rad using the sliding mode control (SMC) technique, and flexion angles of [Formula: see text] rad and [Formula: see text] rad using the fuzzy logic control (FLC) technique, all within a time frame of 5 s. These results serve to illustrate the applicability and significance of our proposed methodology.

Assessment of Local Radial Basis Function Collocation Method for Diffusion Problems Structured with Multiquadrics and Polyharmonic Splines

This paper aims to systematically assess the local radial basis function collocation method, structured with multiquadrics (MQs) and polyharmonic splines (PHSs), for solving steady and transient diffusion problems. The boundary value test involves a rectangle with Dirichlet, Neuman, and Robin boundary conditions, and the initial value test is associated with the Dirichlet jump problem on a square. The spectra of the free parameters of the method, i.e., node density, timestep, shape parameter, etc., are analyzed in terms of the average error. It is found that the use of MQs is less stable compared to PHSs for irregular node arrangements. For MQs, the most suitable shape parameter is determined for multiple cases. The relationship of the shape parameter with the total number of nodes, average error, node scattering factor, and the number of nodes in the local subdomain is also provided. For regular node arrangements, MQs produce slightly more accurate results, while for irregular node arrangements, PHSs provide higher accuracy than MQs. PHSs are recommended for use in diffusion problems that require irregular node spacing.

Improving protocols for α-synuclein seed amplification assays: analysis of preanalytical and analytical variables and identification of candidate parameters for seed quantification.

The effect of preanalytical and analytical factors on the α-synuclein (α-syn) seed amplification assay's (SAA) performance has not been fully explored. Similarly, there is limited knowledge about the most suitable assay protocol and kinetic parameters for misfolded α-syn seed quantification. We studied the effect of centrifugation, repeated freeze-thaw cycles (up to seven), delayed freezing, detergent addition, and blood contamination on the performance of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) α-syn SAA real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC). Moreover, we analysed the inter- and intra-plate variability, the recombinant protein batch effect, and the RT-QuIC parameters' variability when multiple samples were run in controlled conditions. Finally, we evaluated the assay potential of quantifying α-syn seed by assessing kinetic curves in serial CSF dilutions. Among tested preanalytical variables, a≥0.01 % blood contamination and adding detergents significantly affected the RT-QuIC kinetic parameters and the number of positive replicates. Increasing the number of replicates improved result reproducibility. The number of positive replicates in serially diluted CSF samples improved discrimination between samples with high and low seeding activity, and the time to threshold (LAG) was the most reliable kinetic parameter in multiple experiment settings. Preanalytical variables affecting α-syn RT-QuIC performance are limited to blood contamination and detergent addition. The number of positive replicates and the LAG are the most reliable variables for quantifying α-syn seeding activity. Their consistent measurement in serial dilution experiments, especially when associated with an increased number of sample replicates, will help to develop the α-syn RT-QuIC assay further into a quantitative test.

Electronic structures and quantum capacitance of twisted mixed-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures of graphene/C2H based on tight-binding model

Constructing twisted mixed dimensional graphene-based van der Waals heterostructure (vdWH) is an effective strategy to manipulate the electronic structures and improve the quantum capacitance (C q) of graphene. In this work, mixed dimensional vdWH of graphene/C2H has been proposed owing to similar Dirac semimetal character of one-dimensional C2H with that of graphene. Meanwhile, the influence of twisting angle (θ) and interlayer interaction strength on the electronic structures and the C q of the MD vdWH are systemically explored based on tight binding model. With the fitted hopping integral parameters, it is found that the linear dispersion of the graphene is basically preserved but the bandwidth is decreased with modulating twisting angle and interlayer interaction, and the C q of mixed dimensional vdWH is improved 5–19 times compared with graphene at zero bias. Moreover, the compressed strain could enhance the C q of mixed dimensional vdWH to 74.57 μF cm−2 at zero bias and broaden the low working voltage window of mixed-dimensional vdWH with considerable C q. Our results provide suitable tight-binding model parameters and theoretical guidance for exploring the twisted MD vdWH of graphene/C2H and offer an effective strategy to modulate the electronic structures and the C q of graphene through constructing the MD vdWH.

Polarization-independent dislocation modes in photonic crystals

Recently, gapless dislocation modes along the synthetic translation dimensions are proposed in two-dimensional photonic crystals. However, gapless dislocation modes are specific to either transverse magnetic or transverse electric polarization, hindering their utility in polarization-independent optics. In this work, we achieve polarization-independent dislocation modes in the crossing of gapless dislocation modes of two polarizations. The frequencies of TM and TE polarized dislocation modes change with the translation parameter. By selecting suitable translation parameter, we realize TM and TE polarized dislocation modes at the same frequency within a single dislocation. We not only realize dual-polarization gapless dislocation modes but also investigate their eigen field characteristics with different frequencies. Our work offers a novel strategy for developing polarization-independent topological photonic devices.

Investigation of soliton solutions to the Peyrard-Bishop-Deoxyribo-Nucleic-Acid dynamic model with beta-derivative

This study purposes to extract some fractional analytical solutions of the Peyrard-Bishop-Deoxyribo-Nucleic-Acid ([Formula: see text]-PBDNA) dynamic model with the beta-derivative by the unified Riccati equation expansion method (UREEM). Furthermore, we examine the role of various parameters of the fractional model on the soliton dynamic. The research focuses on computational biophysics and materials science, examining the impact of various parameters on the fractional model. This paper contributes to understanding soliton solutions and the [Formula: see text]-PBDNA dynamic model, demonstrating the applicability of the UREEM method to various fractional models. Some soliton solutions of the model are successfully generated by applying the UREEM. Implementing the UREEM, we take a fractional wave transformation to convert the model into a nonlinear ordinary differential equation. So, a linear equation system is generated. After the system is solved, the soliton solutions are gained for the appropriate solution sets. Finally, 3D, 2D and contour graphs of diverse solutions are depicted at suitable values of parameters. In addition, this paper presents 3D, 2D and contour graphs of various solutions with suitable parameter values. The results are beneficial for interpreting the model in future work and confirm that UREEM is effectively applicable to diverse fractional models, coupled with a comprehensive graphical analysis of how different parameters influence these solutions.

Differential evolution with proration-based mutation strategy and multi-segment mixed parameter setting for numerical optimization

In this paper, a new differential evolution (DE) algorithm is presented for solving global optimization problems by guiding the individuals adaptively to explore different decision regions and setting the control parameters properly for individuals. To consolidate algorithm efficiency and preserve population diversity, we first introduce a proration-based mutation strategy. This strategy dynamically selects promising individuals from population as guiders and proportionately allocates the individuals following them based on their fitness values and unsuccessful updates. Besides, we design a multi-segment mixed parameter setting to provide suitable parameters for individuals, considering feedback information from the population, individual requirements, and parameters' interaction. Additionally, we devise an adaptive population maintaining mechanism to refresh the population by replacing individuals with higher unsuccessful updates and removing those with poor fitness values. Unlike previous DE versions, our new algorithm dynamically and appropriately explores promising areas, refines parameter suitability, and accelerates convergence by updating and removing unpromising individuals. This enhances the algorithm search efficiency and achieves a good balance between exploration and exploitation. Finally, we evaluate the proposed algorithm's performance by comparing it with 17 typical or state-of-the-art algorithms on IEEE CEC2014 and CEC2017 test suites. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm is a more promising optimizer.

A normalized parameter for comparison of biofilm dispersants in vitro

Dispersal of infectious biofilms increases bacterial concentrations in blood. To prevent sepsis, the strength of a dispersant should be limited to allow the immune system to remove dispersed bacteria from blood, preferably without antibiotic administration. Biofilm bacteria are held together by extracellular polymeric substances that can be degraded by dispersants. Currently, comparison of the strength of dispersants is not possible by lack of a suitable comparison parameter. Here, a biofilm dispersal parameter is proposed that accounts for differences in initial biofilm properties, dispersant concentration and exposure time by using PBS as a control and normalizing outcomes with respect to concentration and time. The parameter yielded near-identical values based on dispersant-induced reductions in biomass or biofilm colony-forming-units and appeared strain-dependent across pathogens. The parameter as proposed is largely independent of experimental methods and conditions and suitable for comparing different dispersants with respect to different causative strains in particular types of infection.

Theoretical investigation of the nature of hydrogen bonds and cooperativity effect in methanol-water and ethanol-water clusters

ABSTRACT This study aims to cast light on the nature of hydrogen bonds and their cooperativity that exists in alcohol-water ( ROH ( H 2 O ) n ) ( R = − C H 3 ( − Me ) , − C H 2 C H 3 ( − Et ) ) (n = 1–10) clusters using atoms in molecules (AIM) theory and symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT). The investigation of optimum structures suggests that alcohol ( ROH ) forms two hydrogen bonds, one primary hydrogen bond ( O − H ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ O ) , and one secondary hydrogen bond ( C − H ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ O ) Two types of hydrogen bonds are addressed in these studies, where alcohol works as the hydrogen bond donor ( ROH ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ O H 2 ) and hydrogen bond acceptor ( RHO ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ HOH ) . The AIM results reveal that RHO ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ HOH and ROH ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ O H 2 hydrogen bonds are partially covalent. The SAPT study demonstrates that in all the clusters studied herein, the electrostatic interaction between alcohol and water is the main attractive force, and its contribution may be two times larger than the separate corresponding contributions from the dispersion and the induction terms. The electron density (ρ) at the bond critical point (BCP) is a suitable parameter to assess the strength of the interaction. The current study shows the strength and nature of ROH ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ O H 2 and RHO ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ HOH hydrogen bond, and cooperative effect in ( ROH ( H 2 O ) n ) ( R = − C H 3 ( − Me ) , − C H 2 C H 3 ( − Et ) .) (n = 1–10).

Field-dependent Néel relaxation time of magnetic nanoparticles in AC excitation fields: Boundary field between Néel- and Brownian-dominant regions

We investigated the field-dependent Néel relaxation time of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in an AC excitation field. Specifically, a fundamental component of the magnetization for immobilized MNPs was studied by numerical simulation while changing the frequency f and amplitude Hac of the field. From the simulation results, we clarified the Hac dependence of the effective Néel relaxation time τN,e and obtained an empirical expression for τN,e(Hac) for the first time. The expression was obtained for the cases when the angle of the easy axis of magnetization in MNPs is fixed and randomly distributed. Using the Hac dependencies of τN,e and the previously reported Brownian relaxation time τB,e, we showed that the behavior of suspended MNPs changes from Brownian-dominant to Néel-dominant when Hac increases, even when the MNP parameters are fixed, and we obtained an expression for the boundary field between them. Furthermore, we classified several types of responses for the suspended MNPs in the AC field using the magnitude relationship among τN,e(Hac), τB,e(Hac), and 1/(2πf). Finally, we experimentally verified the classification, and reasonable agreement was observed between the experiment and analysis. The results are useful for determining suitable MNP parameters and excitation conditions for various biomedical applications.

Research on the forming and demolding process of shape memory self-demolding mold

The molding method is highly anticipated in engineering fields and has been preliminarily applied. However, traditional demolding methods introduce subtle deviations in demolding direction, leading to demolding defects and reduced forming accuracy. To address this, we developed an innovative Shape Memory Polymer (SMP) mold. Through finite element simulation, we extensively investigated the effects of diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) addition, temperature, and load on the template forming and shape recovery processes. Finally, we experimentally verified the feasibility of the self-demolding of the template. The findings demonstrate that as the amount of DDM added increases, the glass transition temperature of SMP progressively elevates. This can be attributed to the enhanced crosslinking triggered by the addition of DDM. Consequently, during the stage of preserving shape in mold formation, SMP exhibits a heightened storage modulus and diminished shape recovery. Notably, when 1.5 g of DDM is added, the shape memory template exhibits the least shape recovery, with a shape retention rate of 78.2%. Conversely, employing 1.6 g of DDM generates the highest shape recovery but only achieves a shape retention rate of 59.5%. Augmenting the amount of DDM is advantageous in accomplishing template demolding. Higher temperatures expedite the initiation of the shape recovery process, facilitating template demolding during the shape recovery stage. Moreover, increasing the load can minimize template rebound and enhance the precision of mold formation. However, it also intensifies the complexity of self-demolding. Consequently, it is imperative to sensibly determine and implement suitable process parameters in applications.