Suitable Packaging Research Articles

Jerusalem artichoke: A comprehensive review of nutritional composition, health benefits and emerging trends in food applications.

The Jerusalem artichoke (JA), a plantrelated to sunflowers and native to North America, has long been valued for its versatility, especially during periods of food scarcity. This resilient crop serves multiple purposes, functioning as a vegetable, medicinal herb, grazing crop, and even a biofuel source. In recent years, interest in JA has grown, largely due to its high nutritional profile and associated health benefits. This review explores JA's nutritional composition, the benefits of its consumption, and its botanical and agricultural characteristics. Additionally, the various applications of JA in the food industry are discussed, including its use in dairy products, snacks, baked goods, beverages, and functional foods. This review also examines the processing techniques involved in harvesting JA, extracting its valuable components, and incorporating it into food products. Notably, JA is a rich source of fiber and minerals, and incorporating it into food products not only enhances their nutritional value but also improves fermentation processes, lowers the glycemic index, and enhances sensory properties, all while reducing production costs. However, several challenges remain in JA production. These include optimizing growing conditions, addressing high labor costs, developing suitable machinery, determining the ideal harvesting time, increasing pest resistance, identifying suitable packaging materials, and developing sustainable production strategies. These challenges require further research to fully unlock JA's potential as a valuable crop.

A critical evaluation of the impact online education platforms can have on disadvantaged students at a post-16 secondary academy: A case analysis

Disadvantaged students have underperformed in comparison to non-disadvantaged students,1 with the COVID-19 pandemic further widening this disparity.2 The case study in this paper (the multi-academy trust) therefore wanted to bridge the attainment gap through evaluating practical methods of raising achievement in the school’s post-16 disadvantaged student group, who were on average almost half a grade behind their counterparts in every subject. The authors initially investigated the use of online education platforms to supplement the learning of disadvantagedtt learners, with staff and students trialling each programme before a decision was made to purchase a suitable package. As a result of the recommendations by staff and students, funding was used from the UK Government’s 16–19 Tuition Fund bursary as well as the Uni Connect programme to purchase four platforms — Massolit, FutureLearn, Up Learn and SnapRevise — that students could access to improve their grades. By the end of the study, the disadvantaged cohort outperformed the non-disadvantaged learners by a third of a grade. The results were significant enough to suggest that the use of online education platforms was worth pursuing further, as the main output of the study resulted in an average grade of C+ being achieved by the disadvantaged cohort compared to the non-disadvantaged students’ average overall grade of C. The findings from this case study indicate that having a clear understanding of digital poverty, how it affects the student population and what measures can be put in place to provide an equal online learning environment for all is key to providing disadvantaged students with the opportunity to achieve in line with their peers. Forging successful relationships with all the stakeholders through training, effective monitoring and interventions can also maximise disadvantaged student achievement.

Pengaruh Suhu, Sistim Penyimpanan dan Lama Penyimpanan Terhadap Karakteristik Kimia Buah Tomat

Tomato is one of the horticultural commodities that is highly perishable, thus requiring proper post-harvest handling to extend its shelf life. One approach to achieve this is by storing the tomatoes in suitable packaging and at an appropriate temperature. This study aims to evaluate the effect of storage temperature and storage systems on the chemical quality of tomatoes during storage. The experimental design used is a factorial completely randomized design, where the first factor is storage temperature at room temperature of 29˚C (A1) and low-temperature storage at 15˚C (A2), and the second factor is the storage system, consisting of closed control/stretch film (B1), modified packaging/stretch film with the addition of 6% O2 and 8% CO2 (B2), and open control/no packaging (B3), for durations of 4, 8, 12, and 16 days. The results showed that storage at 15˚C with modified packaging (A1B2) was able to maintain moisture content at 95.9%, vitamin C content at 3.67 mg/100g, reducing sugar at 2.43%, total acid at 10.6%, and calcium at 10.58% over a period of 16 days.

Strategic addition of rosemary essential oil in natural rubber-toughened poly(lactic acid)/cinnamon oil blends for antimicrobial packaging

Bacterial spoilage in fruits and vegetables has emphasised the importance of extending the shelf life of food and ensuring a secure and dependable food supply that requires suitable packaging. This study presents an innovative biodegradable film for active food packaging, incorporating poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and natural rubber (NR) with cinnamon essential oil (CEO) and rosemary essential oil (REO). Although past research has examined individual essential oils in packaging, the combined effects of CEO and REO in a PLA/NR matrix remain unexplored. The influence of different CEO-to-REO ratios on the properties of PLA/NR/CEO blends was comprehensively investigated. Tensile tests showed that incorporating REO substantially improved the mechanical properties, with PLA/NR/1CEO:4REO and PLA/NR/1CEO:1REO exhibiting the highest tensile strength and elongation at break, respectively. Notably, REO incorporation effectively reduced essential oil release in aqueous environments, enabling controlled hydrolytic degradation of the PLA/NR/CEO blend. Thermal analysis showed that higher REO content increased both the thermal stability and crystallinity of the PLA/NR/CEO blends, addressing a common limitation in biodegradable packaging materials. All active films showed good antimicrobial properties against Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus. Overall, the addition of REO to the PLA/NR/CEO blend synergistically improves the mechanical and thermal properties of the active films.

Evaluation of Postharvest Quality of Fresh Kesum Leaves (Persicaria minor) during Storage in Different Temperatures and Packaging

Persicaria minor, locally known as kesum, is an herb synonym in Southeast Asia as a food flavor enhancer and seasoning for Eastern delicacies. Kesum leaves are quickly wilted, shrink, and lose moisture once harvested. This study aimed to determine optimum parameters: storage temperature and suitable packaging to maintain the freshness and quality of kesum and prolong the storage life. This study consisted of two activities: determining the best storage temperature and determining suitable packaging. For the first activity, kesum leaves were harvested manually from matured plants, transported to a packinghouse, sorted, cleaned, packed, and sealed in polyethylene (PE) 0.04mm before being stored at different temperatures, which were 5°C, 8°C, 10°C and 13°C, while for the second activity, kesum leaves were packed and sealed in different packaging: polyethylene (PE) 0.04mm and polypropylene (PP) 0.04mm and stored at 5°C. The postharvest quality of all samples and treatments (weight, moisture content, pH, total titratable acidity, total soluble solids, respiration rate of the leaves, total phenolic content, and leaf color values) was measured and recorded weekly throughout the storage period. The study's results found that storing fresh kesum leaves at 5°C temperature and in PE 0.04mm packaging can delay the senescence and maintain the quality and postharvest attributes for up to 35 days, as shown in lower respiration rate, maintain the pH, total titratable acidity, total soluble solids and color of the leaves, and show higher total phenolic content for up to 35 days of storage compared to storing in temperature of 8°C, 10°C, and 13°C and PP 0.04mm packaging.

Lignin-containing cellulose nanocrystals enhanced electrospun polylactic acid-based nanofibrous mats: Strengthen and toughen

Biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) nanofibrous mats prepared by electrospinning serve as suitable packaging materials. However, their practical applications are limited by their weak mechanical properties, poor thermal stability, and high cost. In this study, green and low-cost lignin-containing cellulose nanocrystals (LCNCs) with different lignin contents were developed and employed as reinforced materials to synergistically enhance the thermal, mechanical, and hydrophobic properties of PLA electrospun nanofibrous mats. The presence of moderate lignin improved the interfacial compatibility between the LCNCs and PLA, resulting in excellent mechanical properties of the nanofibrous mats. Compared to pure PLA mats, the tensile strength of the composites reached up to 21.0 MPa, representing a 6.6-fold increase. Its toughness was synchronously enhanced by 16 times, reaching a maximum of 3.6 MJ/m3. The maximum decomposition temperature of PLA/LCNCs electrospun nanofibrous mats increased from 339 °C to 365 °C. Furthermore, the increase in lignin in the LCNCs positively contributed to improving the hydrophobicity of the PLA/LCNCs electrospun nanofibrous mats. This bio-based strategy of LCNCs employed in the enhancement of fully bio-based PLA nanofibrous mats offers a viable approach for the advancement of packaging films.

Biosynthesize of ZnO nanoparticle from orange fruit peel biomass and its PVA-based composite packaging material: a greener material for suitable packaging

Biosynthesize of ZnO nanoparticle from orange fruit peel biomass and its PVA-based composite packaging material: a greener material for suitable packaging

Insect Pest Management in Stored Millets

Recognizing the significance of millets as Nutri-Cereals, India celebrated the National Year of Millets in 2018, and subsequently, as proposed by India, the FAO of the United Nations declared 2023 as the International Year of Millets (IYoM). Consequently, there has been an intensive drive, globally, to increase the production and popularise the consumption of whole as well as processed millets by creating an awareness about their significant health benefits and richness in nutritional elements. Besides food, millets play a role as feed and in industrial uses. In commensurate with anticipated higher production, storage and international trade of whole millets and their products, it is important to protect millets throughout the supply chain from stored grain insects, the predominant biotic agent responsible for their qualitative and quantitative losses. In this context, this review focusses on the type of insect infestation encountered in millets from field to consumer levels affecting their market value and causing consumer concern. Insect management techniques adopted by the stakeholders such as farmers, traders, and government grain storage agencies are discussed. Due to financial constraints, small holder farmers use traditional storages and insect management measures using locally available plant products. Like other cereals, fumigation with aluminium phosphide (phosphine) preparations has a major role in insect pest management in millets at various storage levels. Hermetic storage bags of different capacities are used in India and in other millet producing countries especially at farmers level as a valuable insect management tool for whole millets and seed materials. Powdered and processed millets have shorter shelf-life and are more vulnerable to insect attack during storage. Hence, there are studies to increase their shelf life and to check infestation by suitable packaging material. Alternate insect management techniques investigated include ozone treatment, protective packaging materials, screening and breeding of millet varieties that are resistant to grain insects National regulations pertinent to insect management in stored millets have also been discussed.

Films of polylactic acid with graphene oxide-zinc oxide hybrid and Mentha longifolia essential oil: Effects on quality of refrigerated chicken fillet

This study was conducted to investigate the morphological, thermal, mechanical, FTIR, physicochemical (thickness, humidity, solubility in water and water vapor permeability) and antimicrobial properties of polylactic acid film (PLA) containing hybrid graphene oxide‑zinc oxide (GO-ZnO: 1.5 % w/v) and Mentha longifolia essential oil (ML:1 % v/v) on chicken fillet kept in the refrigerator. The studied groups were microbially (total count of mesophilic aerobic bacteria, psychrotrophic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus aureus, and lactic acid bacteria), chemically (pH, TVB-N) and sensory (color, odor, and taste) evaluated at 8-day interval (0, 2, 5 and 8). In the examination of the morphological characteristics, the PLA film had a smooth and uniform surface and the addition of ML essential oil created a discontinuous structure and the addition of GO-ZnO led to the production of a denser and more homogeneous film. The presence of GO-ZnO increased the thickness, decreased moisture content and solubility in water, and added ML essential oil increased moisture content and decreased solubility in water (p˂0.05). The results of the mechanical evaluation showed that the addition of ML essential oil and GO-ZnO reduced elongation at break and tensile strength (p˂0.05). The addition of ML essential oil increased the thermal resistance and the addition of GO-ZnO decreased the thermal resistance compared to the film containing ML essential oil. The antimicrobial effect of films containing ML essential oil was confirmed in this study (p˂0.05). The addition of GO-ZnO did not change the count of any of the microbial groups. TVB-N showed that groups containing ML essential oil had lower levels of volatile nitrogenous bases than the control group (p˂0.05). Sensory evaluation of the studied groups showed that chicken fillets packed with films containing ML essential oil had the highest score in terms of color, smell and taste. The results of the present study showed that PLA film containing GO-ZnO and ML essential oil can be used to increase the shelf life and maintain the sensory characteristics of chicken fillets, and it can be used as a suitable packaging to increase the shelf life of food products.

Effects of four types of packaging on the structural characteristics, quality attributes, and antioxidant activity of foxtail millet during storage

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to select suitable packaging for extending the shelf-life of foxtail millet grains (FMG). FMG were packaged in four types of packaging and subsequently stored at room temperature (25°C ± 1°C) for 6 months. The effects of four types of packaging on the corresponding structural characteristics, quality attributes, and antioxidant activity of FMG were investigated. The results showed that aging led to less-prominent internal morphological changes with the vacuum- and N2-packaged samples. Moreover, vacuum and N2 packaging retarded the increase of fat acidity and the decrease of yellowness (b*) during storage. Aging in cotton and polyamide–polyethylene (PA/PE) packaging resulted in less soluble solids leakage during cooking, leading to more reduction in stickiness. No changes in hardness of cooked FMG were found only for vacuum packaging. In addition, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacities were well preserved under vacuum or N2 conditions. Overall, vacuum packaging was more effective in retarding the quality deterioration of FMG when compared to the other storage conditions.

Wearable, Battery-Free, Self-Powered Electrochemical Sensors for Personalized Health Monitoring

Recent advances in materials, mechanics, and device architectures form the foundations for rapidly emerging classes of sensors with mechanical characteristics that allow for conformal interfaces with the soft, curvilinear surfaces of the human body. While the field of tissue-integrated biophysical sensors exhibits commendable progress in capturing clinical quality thermal, kinematic, and electrophysiological information, the advancement of complementary biochemical sensors severely lags due to unique challenges associated with seamless integration of delicate biochemical receptors, transducing components, and suitable packaging materials. In this talk, I will discuss non-traditional approaches to address some of these grand challenges. Specifically, I will discuss three technologies that my lab is developing -1) wearable, biofuel cell-inspired sensors for sweat monitoring 2) wearable, soft microfluidics with in-built valving and pumping capabilities for precise, on-demand sensing, and 3) AI-powered, wearable wound monitors for early prediction of chronic wounds.

Unpacking the packaged optical fiber bio-sensors: understanding the obstacle for biomedical application.

A biosensor is a promising alternative tool for the detection of clinically relevant analytes. Optical fiber as a transducer element in biosensors offers low cost, biocompatibility, and lack of electromagnetic interference. Moreover, due to the miniature size of optical fibers, they have the potential to be used in microfluidic chips and in vivo applications. The number of optical fiber biosensors are extensively growing: they have been developed to detect different analytes ranging from small molecules to whole cells. Yet the widespread applications of optical fiber biosensor have been hindered; one of the reasons is the lack of suitable packaging for their real-life application. In order to translate optical fiber biosensors into clinical practice, a proper embedding of biosensors into medical devices or portable chips is often required. A proper packaging approach is frequently as challenging as the sensor architecture itself. Therefore, this review aims to give an unpack different aspects of the integration of optical fiber biosensors into packaging platforms to bring them closer to actual clinical use. Particularly, the paper discusses how optical fiber sensors are integrated into flow cells, organized into microfluidic chips, inserted into catheters, or otherwise encased in medical devices to meet requirements of the prospective applications.

Effect of gamma ray irradiation and packaging on the storage quality of kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.) flour

Kodo millet is one of the small millet species, grown widely in the tropical/subtropical regions. In order to prevent the problem of post-harvest losses, various preservation techniques have been used such as irradiation and suitable packaging material. In the present study, shelf life of kodo millet flour was investigated using gamma rays at 1.5 kilogray (kGy) (irradiation, IR) and different packaging materials including low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and metallized polypropylene (MPP) for a period of three months. Every fortnight the samples from these treatments were drawn for biochemical changes (moisture, peroxide value, alcoholic acidity and FFA), insect infestation and microbial growth. By the end of storage period, significant (P < 0.01) increase of moisture, peroxide value, alcoholic acidity and FFA content was noticed in the control samples followed by non-irradiated PP (10.50 %, 3.8 mEq/Kg and 1.25%) and LDPE (9.48 %, 3.4 mEq and 1.20 %) packed flour as compared to irradiated MPP and PET packed samples. Insect infestation started after 15 days of storage in steel boxes which increased in countless numbers by the end of storage period. Similarly, insect population was noticed after 30 and 60 days in non irradiated and irradiated PP and LDPE covers respectively. While, there was no insect infestation in case of irradiated MPP and PET packed flour. Significant increase of bacterial load was observed in the control followed by non irradiated PP (4.2 cfu/g) and LDPE (3.8 cfu/g) covers. Sensory tests indicated that the irradiation has no adverse effect on the taste, appearance, flavor and overall acceptability (OAA) of the flat bread made from flour samples stored in these packaging materials. Thus, the kodo millet flour stored in MPP and PET pouches with irradiation dose of 1.5 kGy found to be suitable for safe storage up to three months under room temperature.

Effect of Packaging Methods and Storage Temperatures on the Quality of Erzurum Cheese Halva

Erzurum cheese halva is a traditional food registered with a geographical indication with its own taste and flavor, which is produced with saltless fresh civil cheese, fresh cream and flour mixture. This study was conducted to investigate the changes in the physical, chemical and microbiological properties of Erzurum cheese halva in different packaging and storage tempareture. The produced cheese halva samples were stored for two months in two different packaging methods (aerobic and vacuum packaged) and at three different storage temperatures (room temperature, +4℃ and -18℃). Some microbiological, chemical, physicochemical and sensory analysis of cheese halva samples were investigated during storage period. Furthermore, the dry matter, ash, protein, fat, salt and aw contents of cheese halva samples were determined on the 0th day of storage. The most obvious sign of deterioration were moldiness on aerobic packaged samples both the room temperature and +4℃ stored, and they were spoiled on the10th and 15th day of storage, respectively. It was observed that the acidity has increased and consumability has decreased in vacuum packaged samples stored at +4°C. Although neither chemical nor microbiological deterioration occurred in the vacuum packaged cheese halva samples stored on -18°C, negatively affects in the fibrous structure of the product and reduces the overall acceptability of the product. For this reason, future studies must be carried out that is necessary to search for more suitable packaging methods (e.g. modified atmosphere packaging) to protect the product's typical textural structure during the shelf life.

Evaluation of surface structure, water sorption properties, water plasticizing effect, and color stability of dried chrysanthemums

The storage stability of two varieties of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. cv. HSGJ and C. morifolium Ramat. cv. JSHJ)was evaluated in this study through an analysis of their water binding behavior. This involved examining the surface structure of the powdered dried chrysanthemums, studying the water sorption characteristics, and quantifying the water plasticizing effect. In comparison to JSHJ, powdered HSGJ had a smaller particle size and more hydrophilic groups on its surface. Additionally, it exhibited significantly higher characteristic values of adsorbed water, excluding the number of adsorbed monolayers (Nam). The sorption of water by the powdered chrysanthemums conformed to a type II isotherm. The Guggenheim–Anderson–deBoer (GAB) model was trustworthy for predicting water sorption within the range of aw from 0.112 to 0.907 and temperatures between 20 and 40 °C. The exothermic interactions between water molecules and the primary sorption sites of the powdered samples became more powerful when the temperature decreased. Powdered chrysanthemums can be preserved at 30 °C if the humidity is below 0.0852 g/g for HSGJ and 0.0766 g/g (d.b) for JSHJ. The color changes of powdered samples were not significantly affected when stored in a glassy state. This study is significant for identifying the drying endpoint, predicting shelf life, and choosing suitable packaging materials for dried chrysanthemums.

Packaging design for ginger leather candy in a small medium enterprise : a design thinking approach

Abstract A small medium enterprise is developing a new marketable ginger product differentiation. The proposed product will be made in the form of ginger candy. The ginger candy design was developed in order to find Products need to be made of suitable packaging and packaging labels so that the product can be marketed. This project aims to produce packaging designs that have the ability to protect products from producer to consumers. The method used is engineering design approach which includes the stages of exploration, problem verification, ideation, prototipe development, and prototipe validation. The new ginger product produced is in the form of soft ginger candy, namely ginger leather candy. The results of the design applied to the ginger leather candy product are using PP plastic material which is sealed with an impulse sealer tool as primary packaging, with secondary packaging pouch with zip-lock aluminum foil. On the front of the secondary packaging is affixed with a label displaying product information in accordance with the BPOM label rules.

Application of Genomic Data for Consumer Procedures in Banking

The use of genomic information in banking – in particular, when issuing consumer loans and identifying clients – determines areas for the development of legal regulation of the application of genomic information. The establishment of the legal regime for genomic information is important due to the need to designate responsible persons for ensuring the safety of such information. In order to avoid disputable situations, as well as to protect the interests of banking customers, the present work advocates the introduction of certain amendments to the Federal Law ‘On Personal Data’ of the Russian Federation (2006). According to the proposed amendments, genomic (genetic) information should be classified as personal data. It therefore becomes necessary to increase the responsibility of the recipient of such information, as well as to establish rules for the restoration of a violated right. A suitable package of measures aimed at the banking sector will create an effective mechanism for protecting the genomic information of customers provided to a credit institution for the purposes of receiving banking or other services

Development of an Antioxidant-Rich Sugar-Free Plantain Candy and Assessment of Its Shelf Life in a Flexible Laminate.

Candy is a popular confection worldwide, and it would be beneficial to society if it were converted into a source of antioxidant molecules to eliminate its adverse health effects. The amount of antioxidants available even in fruit candies is questionable due to the high thermal processing losses they undergo and the presence of various food additives. Plantains (Musa paradisiaca) are less known as good sources of biotherapeutic antioxidants, namely l-tryptophan, serotonin and melatonin, and consumption of this highly nutritious fruit is limited to underdeveloped and developing countries. The objectives of this study are: to develop a functional antioxidant-rich sugar-free plantain-based candy with valuable contents of the mentioned biomolecules in synergy; and to ensure its extended shelf life without compromising its physicochemical properties and functionality by wrapping it with a suitable packaging laminate. To accomplish the first objective, lyophilized plantain powder, sorbitol and mannitol were used as base materials with minimal additives under minimal processing conditions to reduce processing loss. Sensory, proximate, physicochemical and phytochemical properties, including the antioxidant synergy among the mentioned biomolecules of the developed candies were evaluated. For the second objective, the candies were enclosed in two different flexible packaging laminates and the optimal packaging was determined based on the microbiological safety and sensory appeal of the wrapped candies. Subsequently, the above-mentioned properties of the packaged (in the most suitable laminate) candies were evaluated at regular time intervals during storage for assessment of their shelf life. The candy had a characteristic flavour of plantain, uniform dark brown colour, rich mouthfeel, pleasant aroma, moderately hard texture and moderate sweetness, along with high antioxidant activity and considerable content of l-tryptophan, serotonin and melatonin (present as a synergistic consortium). During storage of the packaged candy under ambient conditions, it remained microbiologically safe for up to 56 days, and also maintained sensory attributes, antioxidant activity and synergy compared to the control candy. This newly developed semi-hard sugar-free candy with high antioxidant content, containing three important antioxidants, namely l-tryptophan, serotonin and melatonin, could be a good source of biotherapeutic molecules and a substitute for commercial candies consumed globally.

Decision Support in Problems of Course Selection During Personalization of Learning Based on the Fuzzy Logic Method

The article is devoted to the actual problem of designing information systems for automated selection of courses using fuzzy logic, which take into account the personal characteristics of students. As part of the study, a decision-making system was implemented through the educational platform of personalized learning to determine the compliance of elective course packages. Elective courses developed as content for this platform are conditionally divided into 4 packages, reflecting certain personal characteristics of students. The system offers students the most suitable package of courses. Within the framework of the article, a model of fuzzy inference is described and a base of production rules is presented.

Characterizations for eWLB (Embedded Wafer Level Ball Grid Array) Antenna in Molded Package Integrations in 77GHz Automotive Applications

The worldwide IC market has had a significant growth rate in recent years, driving diversified package solutions in the segments of communication, computing, consumer, automotive, industrial, etc. Among these market segments, the automotive market is forecast to have the strongest CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) of any of the end-use segments in the next 5 years, which results in more IC packages and components being designed into automotive vehicle systems such as infotainment, ADAS (Advance Driving Assistance System), instrumentation, body systems, battery control systems and so on. In these applications, the 77GHz short-range radar sensor application that can enable higher EIRP (Effective Isotropic Radiated Power) and adaptive cruise control performance has become more attractive to be commercialized. Due to the benefits of shorter interconnection length, lower conductive loss with smooth Cu surface as well as a lower dielectric constant and dielectric loss of materials in a fan-out wafer level package (FOWLP) technology, the FOWLP is proven as a suitable packaging solution to achieve the high speed and frequency requirements in 5G and mmWave applications. The eWLB Embedded Wafer Level Ball Grid Array) is a versatile FOWLP technology, providing a robust package platform in a space-efficient design with the very dense interconnection and routing of multiple dies as well as a smaller footprint and lower package profile providing a reliable package solution. Meanwhile, since the utilization of an antenna that is integrated into the packages has been studied as a lowcost solution because the packages can be tested in normal FR4 printed circuit board (PCB) instead of the RF function integrated PCB, the eWLB integrated with molded antenna chip packages (called eWLB antenna in molded package) technology is introduced in this paper. The characterizations for assembly process challenges are evaluated and illustrate the process optimizations of equipment handling, antenna molded chip package fabrication, reconstitution process control and warpage characterization of the molded wafer. In addition, the radio frequency (RF) test validation is performed to verify the performance of scattering parameter (S-parameter), radiation pattern, impedance and detection range of the antenna. In order to prove the reliable quality and yield of the evaluated eWLB antenna in molded packages, package-level reliability tests are studied. Through these results, it will show that this eWLB antenna in molded package integration is a robust and costeffective solution for 77GHz automotive applications.