Suitable Exercise Research Articles

Perceptions of exercise and exercise instruction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and sarcopenia : a qualitative study

BackgroundExercise plays a major role in helping patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and sarcopenia to increase muscle mass and muscle strength. However, little is known about perceptions of exercise and exercise instruction in these patients. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of exercise and exercise instruction from the patient’s perspective.MethodsIn a descriptive qualitative study, semi-structured face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted with 16 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and sarcopenia at a tertiary hospital. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) guidelines were followed to ensure rigor in the study. The interviews were analysed using a thematic analysis method.ResultsFour themes and 13 sub-themes were identified in this study. The four themes were knowledge-attitudes-practices surrounding exercise, motivators and barriers regarding exercise, and attitudes towards professional exercise instruction.ConclusionThis study provides a detailed understanding of the knowledge-attitudes-practices, motivators and barriers regarding exercise among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and sarcopenia, as well as attitudes related to exercise instruction. The current findings can guide healthcare professionals, patients’ families, and policymakers to motivate patients to be physically active through policy initiatives and other types of incentives and programmes, such as providing more health education and holistic support, increasing family and friends’ companionship and care, and providing suitable exercise conditions.

MulOER-SAN: 2-layer multi-objective framework for exercise recommendation with self-attention networks

Diagnosing the knowledge mastery level of students on required concepts and providing tailored exercises to them is an essential task in e-learning environments. Due to the different knowledge level of students and the large scale of exercise banks, it is difficult for general recommenders to recommend suitable exercises for each student, which decreases their learning efficiency. In this paper, we develop a 2-layer multi-objective framework for exercise recommendation with self-attention networks, abbreviated as MulOER-SAN, to capture the change in students’ knowledge acquisition and thus provide customized exercise recommendations. Note that MulOER-SAN is a 2-layer framework. Via the bottom layer, a self-attention mechanism is adopted to predict the coverage in the next exercise, which can lead the learning process in the right direction. Moreover, we implement a novel knowledge tracing model with an enhanced self-attention sub-layer, thus tracing students’ dynamic knowledge state evolution. As the top layer of the 2-layer model, exercises are filtered according to the bottom layer’s predicted results, and the candidate subsets with appropriate difficulty and novelty are generated. From the perspective of diversity, we also carefully develop a chaotic sparrow search algorithm to further filter the candidate subset to avoid redundancy of recommended results. On the above basis, a simple yet effective difficulty smoothness factor is implemented to generate a high-quality ranking list in a real teaching application scenario. Comprehensive experiments conducted on three real-world datasets have demonstrated that the proposed MulOER-SAN framework significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of various evaluation metrics.

Telehealth Movement-to-Music to Increase Physical Activity Participation Among Adolescents With Cerebral Palsy: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) who have mobility limitations have almost no access to inexpensive and enjoyable home-based programs that can be disseminated on a large scale to help them independently manage their health through participation in leisure-time physical activity (LTPA). The primary aim of this study was to determine the preliminary efficacy of the early adoption phase of an adult Movement-to-Music (M2M) program with behavioral telecoaching for increasing LTPA and activity participation compared with a waitlist control group in adolescents with CP. The secondary aim was to explore the effects of the program on perceived levels of pain and fatigue. The tertiary aim was to qualitatively evaluate the factors that influenced adherence and develop a theory that would inform the development of a more targeted M2M telehealth program for this group. This randomized controlled trial piloted a 4-week M2M program with weekly behavioral telecoaching among 58 adolescents with CP who walked or used wheelchairs. The participants were randomized into one of 2 groups: M2M or control, which maintained their daily activities. M2M included videos that participants were asked to complete 3 times each week at home (asynchronous training). Adherence to video minutes was objectively measured using cloud-based analytics. Changes in activity and LTPA participation were measured before and after the intervention using the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment total domain scores and active physical recreation domain scores, respectively. Perceived pain and fatigue were measured using the National Institutes of Health Neuro-QoL short forms. The changes in scores were compared between the groups using analysis of covariance. A grounded theory approach was used to analyze one-on-one interviews, coaching notes, and feedback surveys. A total of 58 people were enrolled, of which 49 (84%) completed the primary outcome follow-up assessment. The mean adherence to the prescribed exercise video minutes across all 4 weeks was 68%, starting from 90% in week 1 and gradually declining to 43% in week 4. Mean adherence to coaching calls was 91%. Analysis of covariance revealed a statistically significant difference between the pre- to postchange scores for Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment Active Physical Recreation-Intensity domain scores in favor of the intervention group (F1,47=8.76; P=.005; effect size=0.17, also known as volume of LTPA). The qualitative findings highlighted 5 critical factors that influenced participants' adherence to the program: caregiver support, video elements, suitable exercises, music, and behavioral coaching. This project determined that adolescents with CP responded well to an M2M telehealth program that could enhance their LTPA levels. This paper describes a theory in which adherence to a telehealth LTPA program can be optimized through functional and age-specific modifications for adolescents with CP. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04264390; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04264390.

Dynamic multi-objective sequence-wise recommendation framework via deep reinforcement learning

Sequence-wise recommendation, where recommend exercises to each student step by step, is one of the most exciting tasks in the field of intelligent tutoring systems (ITS). It is important to develop a personalized sequence-wise recommendation framework that immerses students in learning and helps them acquire as much necessary knowledge as possible, rather than merely focusing on providing non-mastered exercises, which is referred to optimize a single objective. However, due to the different knowledge levels of students and the large scale of exercise banks, it is difficult to generate a personalized exercise recommendation for each student. To fully exploit the multifaceted beneficial information collected from e-learning platforms, we design a dynamic multi-objective sequence-wise recommendation framework via deep reinforcement learning, i.e., DMoSwR-DRL, which automatically select the most suitable exercises for each student based on the well-designed domain-objective rewards. Within this framework, the interaction between students and exercises can be explicitly modeled by integrating the actor–critic network and the state representation component, which can greatly help the agent perform effective reinforcement learning. Specifically, we carefully design a state representation module with dynamic recurrent mechanism, which integrates concept information and exercise difficulty level, thus generating a continuous state representation of the student. Subsequently, a flexible reward function is designed to simultaneously optimize the four domain-specific objectives of difficulty, novelty, coverage, and diversity, providing the students with a trade-off sequence-wise recommendation. To set up the online evaluation, we test DMoSwR-DRL on a simulated environment which can model qualitative development of knowledge level and predicts their performance for a given exercise. Comprehensive experiments are conducted on four classical exercise-answer datasets, and the results show the effectiveness and advantages of DMoSwR-DRL in terms of recommendation quality.

Biyomotor Kazanımda Tenis Temalı Fitness Antrenmanlarının Önemi

Hareketsizliğe bağlı problemlerin önüne geçebilmek için erken yaşlarda kuvvet, sürat, dayanıklılık, esneklik gibi biyomotor özelliklerin çalıştırılması ve geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Her yaşa hitap eden doğası ile tenis, hareket ve beceri kazanmak için uygun bir egzersiz olabilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, tenis temalı fitness antrenmanlarının 12-16 yaş grubu sedanter bireylerin biyomotor yetilerine etkilerini incelemektir. Bu amaçla, 21 sedanter bireyin çalışmaya katılımı sağlandı. 12 haftalık antrenman boyunca tüm katılımcılar müzik, ritim, kuvvet, dayanıklılık, sürat ve koordinasyon egzersizlerini içeren hareketler ile hazırlanmış tenis temalı fitness antrenmanlarına katıldı. Çalışmanın ön test ve son test aşamalarında, katılımcıların biyomotor gelişimlerinin tespit edilmesi amacıyla; denge, esneklik, sürat, çeviklik, el kavrama, dikey sıçrama, anaerobik güç, aerobik güç, tek-çift ayak yatay sıçrama, şınav, mekik, plank ve squat testleri kullanıldı. Ön test ve son test aşamalarında elde edilen veriler, SPSS 25.0 istatistik programı kullanılarak analiz edildi. Bulgular, katılımcıların denge, esneklik, sürat, çeviklik, el kavrama, dikey sıçrama, anaerobik güç, aerobik güç, tek-çift ayak yatay sıçrama, şınav, mekik, plank ve squat ön test ve son test ölçüm sonuçları arasındaki farkların anlamlı olduğunu gösterdi (p

Development and Validation of New Exercises to Promote Physical Activity in Nursing Home Settings.

Background: GAMotion is a giant physical activity board game intended to improve levels of physical activity and a broader array of physical and psychological outcomes among nursing home residents. Objective: The aim of the present study is to develop and validate new balance, flexibility, muscle strength, and walking exercises to be included in GAMotion. Methods: A two-step design combining the Focus group and Delphi method was conducted among healthcare professionals divided into two independent samples of experts. The first sample was asked to develop exercises during a focus group. The second sample participated in a two-round Ranking-type Delphi method. During the first round, the participants were asked to rate the exercises developed during the focus group on a four-point Likert scale (from 1: not adapted at all to 4: very adapted). The exercises that did not reach consensus were removed (consensus established: median ≥ 3 on the Likert scale and at least 75% of experts rating the exercises as « adapted » or « very adapted »). During the second round, it was asked to rank the exercises selected at the end of the first round from most suitable to least suitable. Results: The Focus group developed nine balance, twelve flexibility, twelve strength, and nine walking exercises. Following the first round of the Delphi method, two exercises in each category did not reach a consensus and were then removed. In the second round, the remaining seven balance, ten flexibility, ten strength, and seven walking exercises were ranked by the experts, and this classification allowed us to determine the four most suitable exercises from each category to be included in the GAMotion. Conclusion: A consensus-based approach among healthcare professionals allowed us to contribute to the development of new exercises to promote physical activity in nursing homes. These validated exercises can be included in the GAMotion board game.

Which exercise interventions are more helpful in treating primary obesity in young adults? A systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis.

Network meta-analysis was used to evaluate the effectiveness of different exercise interventions in the treatment of obesity in young people and recommend the most suitable exercise method. We searched five electronic databases for articles on obesity treatment in the youth population from inception to April 2022. The two researchers independently retrieved and screened the articles, carried out a quality assessment and data extraction, and carried out a network meta-analysis in the Bayesian framework in Stata software. A total of 32 original studies were included in the study, all randomized controlled trials (RCTs). High-intensity aerobic exercise may be the best way to reduce the weight of obese people; high-intensity aerobic training combined with resistance training may be the best way to reduce BMI and FAT%; moderate-intensity aerobic training combined with resistance training may be the best way to reduce the waistline; high-intensity aerobic exercise may be the best way to boost VO2max. Exercise interventions such as high-intensity aerobic training combined with resistance training can be considered and promoted as a non-drug treatment for primary obesity in young adults.

A comparison of muscle activation and concomitant intermuscular coupling of antagonist muscles among bench presses with different instability degrees in untrained men.

The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the muscle activation and concomitant intermuscular coupling of antagonist muscles among bench presses with different instability degrees. Twenty-nine untrained male college students performed bench press exercises at an intensity of 60% 1 RM on three conditions: small unstable bench press with Smith machine (SBP), medium unstable bench press of free weight (FWBP), and large unstable bench press with increased instability by suspending the load with elastic bands (IIBP). One-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare integrated EMG activity values of the biceps brachii (BB), posterior deltoid (PD), long head of the triceps brachii (TB), anterior deltoid (AD), upper portion of the pectoralis major (PM) muscles, and phase synchronization index (PSI) of BB-TB and PD-AD antagonist muscle pairs. A higher integrated EMG of BB muscle was found during bench press with a more unstable condition. IIBP showed a higher integrated EMG of prime movers (TB, AD, and PM) and stabilizing of BB than SBP and FWBP. PSI between muscle pairs of BB-TB in the gamma frequency band was higher in SBP than the other bench presses with unstable conditions, which may be related to the optimal “internal model” for antagonist muscles during bench press exercise. Therefore, IIBP training may be an effective accessory exercise to maintain a higher level of muscle activation across primary and stabilizing muscles with a lighter load for untrained men, while SBP may be a suitable bench press exercise for untrained participants who have not developed the neuromuscular adaptations necessary for correct stabilization of the elbow joint.

A Promising Future for Hands-On At-Home Training in Pediatric Surgery.

Sufficient training is needed to acquire and retain the procedural skills needed for the surgical correction of congenital anatomical malformations. This study aims to assess the opinions of trainees and pediatric surgeons on the use of simulation-based continued at-home training, which can help to acquire these skills. This study consisted of two parts. First, an international survey among trainees and pediatric surgeons assessed their opinions on simulation-based at-home training for pediatric surgical procedures (5-point Likert scale). Second, participants of pediatric colorectal courses were instructed to practice the posterior sagittal anorectoplasty procedure at-home on a simulation model and, subsequently, complete a questionnaire regarding their opinions on continuous at-home training (5-point Likert scale). A total of 163 participants (83% pediatric surgeons) completed the international survey (response rate 43%). Overall, participants considered the training useful for both laparoscopic (mean 4.7) and open procedures (mean 4.2) and agreed that it may be used at home after a hands-on course (mean 4.3).Twenty participants completed the questionnaire on continued training (response rate 36%). All agreed that at-home training was of added value (mean 4.5) and that the skills were transferable to the clinical setting (mean 4.3). At-home training was regarded a suitable exercise after a hands-on workshop (mean 4.3), but less so without a workshop (mean 3.7, p=0.017). Participating trainees and pediatric surgeons were of the opinion that simulation models and at-home training have added value. This implies that simulation-based training may be used more often in pediatric surgical training.

Comparison of Physical Activity Among Private and Public Undergraduates Medical Students

Medical students and other health care professionals have substantial knowledge of the benefits of regular physical activity. Furthermore, as they have an ethical obligation to prescribe suitable exercises, they can influence their patients’ attitude toward physical activity and can become role models for their patients. Study design is cross-sectional. The questionnaire of research was distributed among 200 private medical students and 200 public medical students from different medical. Non Probability Convenience Sampling Technique was adopted to select the study population. International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) (10) was developed which consists of different questions about their routine physical activities. Data was recorded anonymously, and we respected the confidentiality of the respondents. In our basic study there were a total of 400 medical. The study subjects included 26 % males and 74 % females in private sector and 19 % males and 81 % females in public sector. 29.5 % population belonged to 1st professional year and 70.5 % senior years in private sector whereas in public sector 69.5 % population belonged to 1st professional years and 30.5 % in senior years. The mean age of students is 21.9. And results obtained were not significant statistically and there was a lack in physical activity of both sectors almost on a par. The corresponding comparison of knowledge, attitude and practices of medical students between private and public sectors suggests that adequate knowledge about physical activity is not sufficient. There were a large number of medical students of both sectors who, despite being aware of benefits of physical activity, did not meet the recommended level of physical activity the reason as to why the results obtained were not significant statistically. Keywords: medical,physical,undergraduates,activity

Application and Deconstruction of Exercise Prescription Formulation Based on K-Means Algorithm in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases

Chronic diseases, also known as chronic noncommunicable diseases, have the characteristics of a long period of symptoms, complex and diverse causes, relatively large damage to human health, and a relatively wide impact on the overall safety of society. This study mainly discusses the application of exercise prescription formulation based on K-means algorithm in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. Aiming at different groups of people with different physical conditions in different environments, this study established a comprehensive exercise prescription library and feedback channels. By comparing and analyzing the effects of different exercise exercises, people can provide scientifically standardized and suitable exercise and fitness programs for people with chronic diseases. The feasibility of the K-means algorithm in chronic disease prediction is confirmed by experiments, and the experimental time of the improved algorithm and the traditional algorithm is compared, and the efficiency of the improved algorithm is confirmed. Aiming at the privacy, complexity, missing data values, and other issues of chronic disease medical examination data, we have carried out perfect data preprocessing research. After 12 weeks of exercise intervention, the vital capacity of the exercise group increased significantly (5.83%) ( P < 0.01 ). The subendocardial myocardial viability rate increased by 9.74% ( P < 0.01 ), and the radial artery reflected wave growth index and systolic blood pressure decreased slightly ( P < 0.05 ). This indicates that the 12-week exercise training intervention program designed in this study can effectively enhance the cardiopulmonary function of the exercise group, thereby further improving the body’s aerobic capacity ( P < 0.05 ). This study lays the foundation for the smooth development of chronic disease prevention and treatment.

The effect of karate interventions on the motor proficiency of female adolescents with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) from high and low socio-economic status

BackgroundThere is not a general consensus on the best type of intervention to improve the motor proficiency (MP) of adolescents with developmental coordination disorder (DCD). Considering the effect of socio-economic status (SES) in relation to the MP of adolescents with DCD, it is necessary to examine this issue further. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Karate-Do interventions on the MP of adolescents with DCD from high/low SES.MethodsParticipants included 16 adolescent girls (12 to 13 years old) with DCD, and their classification into high/low SES groups was done by using appropriate previously validated questionnaire. A short form of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition (BOT-2), was used to assess fine motor precision, fine motor integration, manual dexterity, upper limb coordination, bilateral coordination, balance, strength, speed, agility, and overall MP level of the participants. Both high/low-SES groups completed a specifically prescribed Karate-Do intervention program for 8 consecutive weeks (3 sessions per week with each session lasting for 75 min).ResultsResults from this 8-week intervention showed that the pattern of change in manual dexterity, bilateral coordination, strength and the total MP score improved over time in both groups with varied socioeconomic backgrounds. Specifically, the high-SES group performed significantly better than their low-SES counterparts during the 8-week Karate-Do intervention (p < 0.05).ConclusionsFollowing participants’ completion of the Karate-Do intervention, the existence of significant changes in the MP of adolescents’ with DCD at high/low SES confirmed our hypothesis. Compared to the low-SES group, adolescents with high SES displayed superior MP following the intervention. It seems that karate (kata) training serves as a good alternative for rehabilitation MP programs, however, an important issue concerning social infrastructure is to create a suitable exercise environment for adolescents at lower SES. Until the SES achievement gap in female adolescent MP is stable, future work is warranted to discover more practical and meaningful interventions.

Vocational Therapy of Physical Training for Children's Learning Motivation and Psychological Cognition.

Childhood is an essential length for the formation and improvement of people's quite a number of psychological abilities; however, due to the damaging consequences of heredity, disease, surroundings, and education, it will carry poor outcomes to the ordinary improvement of kid's psychology. Good body satisfactory and wholesome psychology are vital which ensure to adapt to social competition. Carrying out suitable body exercise can decorate students' horrible psychological conditions, alter kid's negative emotions, promote students' intellectual enchantment, and enhance students' willpower. This paper researches the relationship between kid's gaining knowledge of motivation and psychological cognition and sports activity education occupational therapy, tries to discover out the influence of kid's studying motivation and psychological cognition on kid's sports activity coaching occupational therapy, analyses kid's sports coaching motivation from inside causes, and focuses on how to make college students extra inclined from controlling motivation to self-sustaining motivation, so that college students are inclined to take part in finding out about sports activities and structuring a robust activity in body education.

Effect of Exercise on Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Animal Experiments.

Objective: Exercise is reported to be beneficial for breast cancer. However, the results seem inconsistent. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis of animal experimental studies to fully understand the effect of exercise on breast cancer in animal model. Methods: We searched databases from inception to April 2022 and manually searched related references to retrieve eligible studies. We screened eligible studies and extracted related data. We assessed the risk of bias and reporting quality using the SYstematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation Risk of Bias tool and the Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments guidelines 2.0, respectively. We summarized the study characteristics and findings of included studies and conducted meta-analysis with RevMan software. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were also performed. Results: We identified 537 potential literatures and included 47 articles for analysis. According to the results of risk of bias assessment, only selective outcome reporting was in low risk of bias. Items of sequence generation, random outcome assessment, and incomplete outcome data were rated as high risk of bias. Most of other items were rated unclear risk of bias. In reporting quality assessment, all included articles reported grouping method and experimental procedures. However, no study provided information of the study protocol registration. Meta-analysis showed that, compared with sedentary lifestyle, exercise reduced more tumor weight (MD = −0.76, 95%CI −0.88 to −0.63, p = 0.85, I 2 = 0%) and tumor number per animal (MD = −0.61, 95%CI −0.91 to −0.31, p = 0.34, I 2 = 8%). Exercise decreased more tumor incidence than sedentary lifestyle both in motorized wheel/high-intensity (OR = 0.22, 95%CI 0.11 to 0.46, p = 0.09, I 2 = 41%) and free wheel/low-intensity treadmill running (OR = 0.45, 95%CI 0.14 to 1.44, p = 0.04, I 2 = 60%). Sensitivity analysis showed that the results were robust. Conclusion: Exercise could reduce tumor weight, number of tumors per animal, and incidence of tumor in breast cancer model of mice and rats. However, the risk of bias items and reporting guidelines in preclinical studies should be concerned. Future research should consider standards of conducting and reporting preclinical studies and choose suitable exercise protocol for higher quality evidence of exercise for breast cancer.

Primary and Secondary School Teachers’ Perception of the Assessment of Historical Knowledge and Skills Based on Classroom Activities and Exercises

The aim of this paper is to identify the most suitable activities and exercises for the development of historical knowledge and skills and their subsequent evaluation. On this basis, a quantitative study has been carried out among primary and secondary school teachers in several Spanish regions in which their perception of what types of exercises and activities (of those proposed in their History or Social Science classes) are most suitable for assessing the historical knowledge and skills that students are expected to acquire has been extracted. The results show that exercises involving the interpretation of texts and images which require students to think about and apply the historical knowledge acquired are very useful, as are questions which seek historical explanation and causal reasoning; however, objective tests (multiple-choice tests, linking dates with events, etc.) or short questions about historical events or characters are not considered to be very suitable for the adequate development of historical knowledge and, therefore, of historical competences. Broadly speaking, it is recommended that this line of research be continued so that other authors can replicate these findings, deepening their knowledge of these instruments, whose didactic commitment could serve as an argument in the face of the excessive time pressure faced by today’s teachers.

The ENJOY MAP for HEALTH: Exercise interveNtion outdoor proJect in the cOmmunitY for older people—More Active People for HEALTHier communities: a study protocol

BackgroundPhysical activity is important to maintain health in older age, with physical activity in the outdoors providing mental and physical health benefits for all age groups. One way by which older people can engage in physical activity in the outdoors is through using suitable age-friendly outdoor exercise equipment, the Seniors Exercise Park. The ENJOY MAP for HEALTH aims to evaluate the effect of the Seniors Exercise Park installation and associated capacity building activities on park visitation, park-based physical activity by older people and delivery of community physical activity programs.MethodThis study is a quasi-experimental (natural experiment) with pre and post study design evaluating the effect of age-friendly outdoor spaces with specialised outdoor exercise equipment on older people’s physical activity and wellbeing in six Victorian municipalities (local governments/councils). Each council will undergo four stages (site construction and development, promotion and marketing, capacity building and training, evaluation and sustainability). Several activities and methods will be employed from stage one through stage four to evaluate the potential impact of the age-friendly outdoor spaces on physical activity and wellbeing and will comprise the following elements: site observation and equipment utilisation, face to face intercept surveys, development of an online access monitor and community building activities.DiscussionThe project is expected to result in a significant change in the physical outdoor environment for the participating councils and communities whereby older people and other community members will be able to engage in safe physical and social activity programs, socialise more and hence improve the overall wellbeing of older people.Trial registrationThis trial is retrospectively registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry. Trial registration number ACTRN12621000965808. Date registered 23/07/2021.

Exploring the obesity concerns of British Pakistani women living in deprived inner-city areas: A qualitative study.

IntroductionBritish South Asians have a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity than the wider population. Bradford (UK), with its high Pakistani presence and levels of economic deprivation, has exceptionally high instances, especially in deprived areas where many Pakistanis reside. British Pakistani women in Bradford are more likely to be overweight and obese. There is uncertainty on how these women can be aided to manage their weight. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore the obesity concerns of Pakistani women living in deprived inner‐city areas of Bradford.MethodsThree focus groups interviews were carried out with 23 Pakistani women living in deprived areas of Bradford. Data were analysed thematically.ResultsThis exploratory study identified a wide range of concerns that women had around managing their weight. Participants disclosed distrust in information given around medication, conflicting dietary information and reported low levels of trust in women‐only organized physical activities. Cultural barriers were identified, which included the gender role of the woman, the lack of culturally appropriate dietary advice, cultural misunderstandings of what constitutes a healthy diet and healthy weight, the lack of culturally suitable exercise facilities and conforming to family and community expectations. Other concerns were language barriers around a lack of understanding, the inability to read Urdu and reliance on others to translate information.ConclusionThese findings have implications for researchers, local authorities, policy makers and others with an interest in reducing the rates of obesity in this population. Recommendations include training health practitioners to be culturally aware of the diet and eating practices of this community, exploring different ways to support socially isolated women to be more physically active at home, addressing physical activity and diet misconceptions and designing obesity management information materials appropriate for a range of literacy levels.Patient or Public ContributionPublic contributors were involved in the development of the interview guide and design of the research. A pilot focus group with participants not included in the present paper was used to help test and refine the focus group questions. Interview transcripts were member checked by participants, and participants assisted with data analysis.

Online teaching of practical classes under the Covid-19 restrictions

COVID -19 pandemic and its restrictions bring new challenges to all aspects and phases of higher education. At universities, new remote formats have been developed and deployed for lectures and laboratory exercises. This article addresses challenges and introduces the new experience with lectures and laboratory classes during the pandemic time at the Department of Measurement of the Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Electrical Engineering. Based on the student survey of more than 250 students describes the possibilities of how to adapt the lectures during the lockdown. The article also introduces the Home Lab, a tool developed in the department that helps in distance teaching practical electronic classes. Home Lab includes two parts with functional groups, a Laboratory Experimental Device and a System of Measurement Instruments. The article also shows the opportunity for suitable remote exercises and variants of circuits that can be easily assembled and measured using Software Defined Instrument based on various microcontrollers. A detailed description of all Software Defined Instruments is also present. During the Pandemic, the home lab model was successfully practically verified during distance learning in three subjects, with more than 150 students per semester. It has also been shown that the Home Lab can be successfully deployed for a semester project. The article also presents experience with the teaching software-oriented courses. At the end of the article, practical knowledge and an experience from distance teaching during a three-semester lockdown are shared.

Sarcopenia Predicts Relevant Clinical Outcomes in Biliary Tract Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to analyze the influences of sarcopenia on clinical outcomes in patients with biliary tract cancer (BTC). A systematic literature search was performed in November 2021. Some studies that reported the impacts of sarcopenia on the prognosis of patients with BTC were included. The overall hazard ratios (HRs), overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and odds ratio (OR) for major postoperative complications were calculated using a fixed- or random effects. In the 18 studies, 3261 patients were enrolled for analysis. Based on defining sarcopenia by muscle mass, sarcopenia predicted OS, and based on defining sarcopenia by muscle density, HR was 2.10 (95% CI 1.72–2.56) and HR was 2.12 (95% CI 1.46– 3.10). Patients with sarcopenia had poorer RFS, and HR was 2.18 (95% CI 1.75–2.71). The incidence rate of major postoperative complication increased compared with those without sarcopenia (OR, 1.45; 95% Cl, 1.07–1.96). Sarcopenia is an independent risk factor for poor OS and RFS in patients with BTC. Sarcopenia is associated with the occurrence of major postoperative complications. This study provides advice that clinicians should provide importance to the assessment of skeletal muscle status and provide suitable nutritional supports and exercise program to reduce the sarcopenia in patients with BTC.

Exercise for Osteoarthritis: A Literature Review of Pathology and Mechanism.

Osteoarthritis (OA) has a very high incidence worldwide and has become a very common joint disease in the elderly. Currently, the treatment methods for OA include surgery, drug therapy, and exercise therapy. In recent years, the treatment of certain diseases by exercise has received increasing research and attention. Proper exercise can improve the physiological function of various organs of the body. At present, the treatment of OA is usually symptomatic. Limited methods are available for the treatment of OA according to its pathogenesis, and effective intervention has not been developed to slow down the progress of OA from the molecular level. Only by clarifying the mechanism of exercise treatment of OA and the influence of different exercise intensities on OA patients can we choose the appropriate exercise prescription to prevent and treat OA. This review mainly expounds the mechanism that exercise alleviates the pathological changes of OA by affecting the degradation of the ECM, apoptosis, inflammatory response, autophagy, and changes of ncRNA, and summarizes the effects of different exercise types on OA patients. Finally, it is found that different exercise types, exercise intensity, exercise time and exercise frequency have different effects on OA patients. At the same time, suitable exercise prescriptions are recommended for OA patients.