Suitable Engine Research Articles

Comparison of Container Orchestration Engines

Container orchestration engines have become essential for managing containerized applications in modern cloud-native architectures. These tools automate the deployment, scaling, networking, and management of containers, enabling seamless application lifecycle management. With a growing number of orchestration solutions available, understanding their features, strengths, and limitations is crucial for selecting the right platform. This paper presents a comparative analysis of prominent container orchestration engines, highlighting their core functionalities, architectural design, and suitability for different use cases. Key areas of comparison include resource allocation, fault tolerance, scalability, and integration with DevOps workflows. The study explores how these platforms address challenges such as dynamic workload management, service discovery, and inter-container communication while maintaining high availability and system resilience. The analysis reveals that while some platforms excel in simplicity and ease of deployment, others provide advanced features tailored to complex, large-scale systems. Additionally, open-source orchestration tools are evaluated against proprietary solutions in terms of community support, customization capabilities, and total cost of ownership. This comparative study aims to assist organizations and developers in identifying the most suitable container orchestration engine based on their operational needs and technical constraints. By understanding the trade-offs and unique features of each platform, stakeholders can make informed decisions that optimize performance, reduce operational overhead, and support efficient application delivery in a rapidly evolving technology landscape. This abstract underscores the importance of aligning platform capabilities with organizational goals for successful containerized application management.

Optimizing the conversion of waste plastic into suitable engine fuel through response surface methodology

The extensive utilization of plastic in daily life has significantly contributed to per-day waste generation. The conversion of waste plastic through pyrolysis into fossil fuel is a promising solution to waste management and energy crises. The precise control of the process parameters in the pyrolysis would be a sustainable business model. Since the optimization of process parameters for production yield and the physicochemical properties of waste plastic oil have been underexplored. So, the current research optimized input process parameters of pyrolysis through response surface methodology using a central composite design. The input parameters of the experimental design were reaction temperature (350°C-550°C), retention time (60–300 min), nitrogen flow rate (0–40 ml/s), and ZSM-5 catalyst concentration (1–5 wt%). Waste plastic is converted into the optimized yield of oil (85 %), solid (3 %), and syngas (12 %). Waste plastic oil (WPO) had optimal results of physicochemical properties like heating value (48 MJ/kg), flash point (60 °C), kinematic viscosity (2.1 mm2/s), and density (820 kg/m3). American Society for Testing and Materials Standards validated the produced WPO, which had better fuel properties than petroleum diesel. However, the application of other sustainable biocatalysts and uncondensed gas may be explored in future research.

Fuzzy Logic-Based Fragility Curve Development for Steel Moment-Resisting Frames Considering Uncertainties in Seismic Response

In this paper, a comprehensive range of uncertainties is considered to assess the seismic abilities of a moment-resisting system. To incorporate the parameter of construction quality, which has a descriptive nature, a suitable fuzzy logic engine has been developed. This engine, for the first time, addresses the quantitative assessment of construction quality parameters based on linguistic variables, including map accuracy, worker skills, material quality, and site supervision conditions. Instead of using random selection, a self-organizing map (SOM) algorithm is employed to carefully select strong ground motion records, reducing time costs. By applying incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) results, analytical equations are derived for the response surface method. These equations determine the collapse fragility’s mean and standard deviation. The material quality is modeled using the fuzzy inference engine, with the coefficient of logarithm response surface. Collapse fragility curves are created by taking into account many of their material quality values and utilizing the fuzzy model to estimate the modeling parameter based on the logarithm regression coefficients. These curves take into consideration various sources of uncertainty. In countries with inadequate material quality control, it is important to take cognitive uncertainty into account when developing fragility curves. This will help improve the overall risk management strategy.

The sensitivity of pressure-based knock threshold values to alternative fuels: A comparison of methanol vs. gasoline

The heavy-duty industry typically uses a high cetane fuel to power their vehicles, currently typically fossil diesel. Switching to renewable fuels such as methanol requires a major changeover in engine technology. Due to the high octane number of methanol, the diesel engines will have to be replaced by more suitable spark-ignited engines. An accurate knock control system will then be needed to accommodate the high power density requirements of this sector. However, current pressure-based knock detection methods were primarily developed for gasoline fuel operation. Blindly copying these methods for a fuel which has vastly different knock properties can lead to suboptimal engine operation with an efficiency and power loss as result. In this work, experiments were conducted on a single cylinder port fuel injected spark-ignited CFR engine. The applicability of five different pressure-based knock metrics was reassessed for methanol fuel and their performance was compared to each other. Knock threshold values were established for both gasoline and methanol for the MAPO (maximum amplitude of pressure oscillations), AE (average energy) and MVTD (minimum value of third derivative) methods. The results show that the performance of the single peak metrics MAPO and IMPO (integral of modulus of pressure oscillations), and the time-averaged metrics AE and HRR (heat release rate) remains identical between methanol and gasoline operation. For the MVTD method however, the suggested low sampling rate of 1 sample/°ca is insufficient for methanol combustion since the fuel by nature already shows a narrow pressure peak. Overall, the HRR method outperforms the others through the addition of a noise constraint. The calculated knock threshold values, however, are drastically different between both fuels. Compared to gasoline, the thresholds for methanol were 1.25, 2.40 and 5.45 times higher for the MAPO, AE and MVTD methods respectively. This highlights the need for dedicated, fuel-specific, knock threshold values.

Application of auto power shift (APS) controller for minimizing fuel consumption and performance evaluation of an agricultural tractor

Minimizing the fuel consumption of an agricultural tractor is the primary concern of researchers worldwide. Thus, developing a suitable controller that can reduce the fuel consumption of agricultural tractor is necessary. In this study, an automatic power shift (APS) controller that can select different engine modes, such as conventional, APS power, and APS ECO, is introduced. The objectives of this study are to verify the APS controller for asphalt driving, analyze the power delivery and fuel consumption of the tractor using different engine modes, and suggest the most suitable, efficient, and economical engine mode for the plowing operation. During asphalt driving, APS ECO mode has the lowest engine power of approximately 31.79 kW. Its fuel consumption is nearly 6.02 L/h, which is lower than those in the conventional and APS power modes by almost 43.84 and 21.10 % per working hour, respectively. However, the axle powers in all engine modes have no significant differences owing to the same forward speed of the tractor. The results prove the reliability of the APS controller performance. During the plowing operation, the engine power and fuel consumption in the APS ECO mode are approximately 70.29 kW and 18.46 L/h, respectively, which are lower than those in the conventional and APS power modes. However, the power delivery efficiency in the APS ECO mode is lower than that in the conventional mode, and the slip ratio is the highest among all engine modes. In addition, the tractive efficiency in the conventional mode, which is approximately 63.56 %, is the highest among all engine modes. However, the effective field capacity in the APS ECO mode for plowing is approximately 1.52 ha/h, which is the highest among all engine modes. The comparative analysis also shows that the working load in the APS ECO mode is located in the ungoverned region of the engine characteristic map, which can avoid sudden engine turn-off during large fluctuations in the working load. Furthermore, the fuel consumption in the APS ECO mode for plowing is reduced by almost 23.37 and 15.59 % compared with those in the conventional and APS power modes, respectively. Considering the fuel consumption and working load, the APS ECO mode is more economical than the APS power and conventional engine modes for both asphalt driving and plowing operations. Therefore, as the most economical, efficient, and suitable mode, this study recommends using the APS ECO mode for the agricultural tractors when performing the agricultural operations.

Research on the emissions of diesel engine and the selection of suitable diesel engine additives to reduce particulate emissions

As the most widely used engine type in daily industrial production, diesel engine plays an important role in industrial and agricultural production. In recent years, with the rapid development of industrial technology, the working mode of diesel engine has also undergone tremendous changes, gradually changing to environment-friendly. In recent years, it has attracted the attention of researchers. This paper will introduce the generation principle of emissions from two aspects: 1. The working process of diesel engine. 2. Fuel proportion. Then, the main direction is to find solutions to reduce particulate emissions. One possible method is to use metal fuel additives to promote the regeneration of DPF (diesel particulate trap), while a possible solution is to use additives to reduce the activation energy. Another method is to improve the combustion of diesel engine through metal catalyst, which helps to reduce fuel consumption and inhibit the generation of harmful soot. This paper will focus on the analysis and search for suitable additive materials. The conclusion is that the additives containing organometallic materials are the most effective additives at present.

Qualification of Compressor Impeller for Aero-Engine Application

This paper presents the approach for qualification of indigenously developed compressor impeller for aero engine application. Indigenisation is understood to be the most important tool for effective technical empowerment of a developing nation. Indigenisation philosophy is adopted by several countries in various fields such as power, infrastructure, aerospace, military equipments and etc. Indigenous development fills the technical, financial and time frame gap between imports and ab-initio design and development. Hence, for a healthy technical growth of any developing nation, Indigenous development activities should go along with ab-initio design activities. Indigenous development has become an integral process of activities of Defence sectors due to its potential benefits. Indian defence imports stands at staggering 65 % of the total defence acquisition. In order to make the best use of indigenization opportunities in the defence sector, conservative figures would suggest an amount more than 100,000 crores. This gives an indication of the potential and benefits of indigenous development in defence sectors.
 In this paper a methodology for indigenous development of a military turboshaft engine compressor impeller is discussed. This activity has enabled uninterrupted supply of the component and a substantial Foreign Exchange savings. This paper specifies the various tests conducted over the forging. It also brings out the results of cyclic spin test on the component for 22500 cycles as life substantiation, 15% and 22% over speed test as structural integrity substantiation and 150 hours type test on engine for quality and assembly substantiation.
 This indigenous development procedure described in this paper can be readily extended to suitable critical aero engine component.

Comparative Analysis of Game Development Tools

This article discusses several engines used for game development. Developers use game engines as a tool to manage complex aspects of the gameplay. The article describes several engines: Unity, Unreal Engine and Cry Engine to choose the best one for the initial stages of development. Research has shown that Unity is a suitable engine for small development teams, Unreal Engine is designed to develop high-quality games with intense graphics, while the feature of Cry Engine is to create realistic natural environments.

The Selection of an Energy-Saving Engine Mode Based on the Power Delivery and Fuel Consumption of a 95 kW Tractor during Rotary Tillage

The objective of this study was to estimate power delivery efficiency and fuel consumption based on engine modes. In this study, a 95 kW power-shift tractor was used to analyze power delivery and estimate fuel consumption during rotary tillage. Rotary tillage was conducted in a field experiment with the conventional, APS (auto power shift) power, and APS ECO engine modes. To analyze the field conditions, the soil hardness and soil water content were measured, and soil samples were collected from the experimental site to analyze the soil texture by using the USDA soil texture triangle. Finally, an efficient and suitable engine mode was selected for rotary tillage based on the working load. It was observed that the power delivery and tractive efficiencies when using the APS power mode were the highest among other engine modes, accounting for around 89.23 and 73.45%, respectively. However, the fuel consumption when using the APS power mode was approximately 23.02 L/h, which was also comparatively higher than that of the other engine modes. Additionally, the tractive efficiencies of each engine mode were compared using the Brixius prediction model. The statistical analysis of the predicted tractive efficiencies and those in the tests showed that there were no significant differences among the engine modes; this indicates that the APS controller could perform with high accuracy. In the conventional mode, the power delivery, tractive efficiency, and fuel consumption were approximately 66.48%, 55.89%, and 17.04 L/h, respectively, which were comparatively low. However, the slip ratio in the conventional mode was 18.80%, which was higher than that in the APS power and APS ECO modes. On the other hand, PDE, TE, and fuel consumption when using APS ECO were around 77.57%, 58.44%, and 19.39 L/h, respectively, which were higher than those of the conventional mode, but lower than those of the APS power mode. Furthermore, the comparative analysis showed that the working loads in the APS ECO mode were located in the ungoverned region and were very close to the engine’s maximum torque, which could allow sudden and unwanted engine turn-off due to the fluctuations in working loads, which is to be avoided. The fuel consumption was also comparatively low. However, the working loads in the conventional and APS power modes were located in the governed region, which was outside the engine’s operating range. Therefore, we recommend that users operate tractors in the APS ECO engine mode for rotary tillage, considering fuel economics and high working loads.

Comparison of nursing diagnostic accuracy when aided by Knowledge-Based Clinical Decision Support Systems with Clinical Diagnostic Validity and Bayesian Decision Models for psychiatric care plan formulation among nursing students: a quasi-experimental study

BackgroundThe most suitable and reliable inference engines for Clinical Decision Support Systems in nursing clinical practice have rarely been explored.PurposeThis study examined the effect of Clinical Diagnostic Validity-based and Bayesian Decision-based Knowledge-Based Clinical Decision Support Systems on the diagnostic accuracy of nursing students during psychiatric or mental health nursing practicums.MethodsA single-blinded, non-equivalent control group pretest–posttest design was adopted. The participants were 607 nursing students. In the quasi-experimental design, two intervention groups used either a Knowledge-Based Clinical Decision Support System with the Clinical Diagnostic Validity or a Knowledge-Based Clinical Decision Support System with the Bayesian Decision inference engine to complete their practicum tasks. Additionally, a control group used the psychiatric care planning system without guidance indicators to support their decision-making. SPSS, version 20.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA) was used for data analysis. chi-square (χ2) test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) used for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Analysis of covariance was done to examine the PPV and sensitivity in the three groups.ResultsResults for the positive predictive value and sensitivity variables indicated that decision-making competency was highest in the Clinical Diagnostic Validity group, followed by the Bayesian and control groups. The Clinical Diagnostic Validity and Bayesian Decision groups significantly outperformed the control group in terms of scores on a 3Q model questionnaire and the modified Technology Acceptance Model 3. In terms of perceived usefulness and behavioral intention, the Clinical Diagnostic Validity group had significantly higher 3Q model and modified Technology Acceptance Model 3 scores than the Bayesian Decision group, which had significantly higher scores than the control group.ConclusionKnowledge-Based Clinical Decision Support Systems can be adopted to provide patient-oriented information and assist nursing student in the rapid management of patient information and formulation of patient-centered care plans.

Sustainable selection of waste collection trucks considering feasible future scenarios by applying the stratified best and worst method

Municipal solid waste (MSW) management is vital in achieving sustainable development goals. It is a complex activity embracing collection, transport, recycling, and disposal; and whose management depends on proper strategic decision-making. The use of decision support methods such as multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) is widespread in MSW management. However, their application mainly focuses on selecting plant locations and the best technologies for waste treatment. Despite the critical role played by transport in promoting sustainability, MCDM has seldom been applied for the selection of sustainable transport alternatives in the field of MSW management. There are a few MCDM studies about choosing waste collection vehicles, but none that include the most recent green vehicles among the options or consider feasible future scenarios. In this article, different engine technologies for collection trucks (diesel, compressed natural gas (CNG), hybrid CNG-electric, electric, and hydrogen) are evaluated under sustainability criteria in a Spanish city by applying the stratified best and worst method (SBWM). This method enables considering the uncertainty associated with future events to establish various feasible scenarios. The results show that the best-valued options are electric and diesel trucks, in that order, followed by CNG and hybrid CNG-electric, and with hydrogen-powered trucks coming last. The SBWM has proven helpful in defining a comprehensive framework for selecting the most suitable engine technology to support long-term MSW collection. Considering sustainability among the criteria and feasible future scenarios in waste management collection decision-making provides more comprehensive and conclusive results that help managers and policymakers make better informed and more reliable decisions.

An integrated decision-making approach under spherical fuzzy environment for selection of vessel main engines

Maritime transportation is the key element for global trade in the scope of cheaper, safer, and eco-friendly solutions. The capacity of a merchant vessel allows to carry vast number of cargoes with lower transportation costs. On the other hand, stakeholders aim to reduce fuel costs due to oil prices and environmental issues. One way to reduce consumptions is to sail with slow steaming. The other way is to use alternative fuels if vessels have suitable main engine specifications. In this scope, this study aims to determine possible alternative engine selection using fuzzy AHP TOPSIS method for a merchant vessel. The results showed that electric marine engine option was selected by expert group in the view of environmental impact, safety, economic, and applicability on board topics.

Environment impact assessment of agricultural diesel engines utilizing biodiesel derived from phoenix sylvestris oil

Uncontrolled emissions, massive price increases, and other factors encourage searching for a suitable diesel engine fuel alternative. In its processed form, vegetable oil biodiesel is an appealing green alternative fuel for compression ignition engines. Vegetable oil esters have qualities comparable to those of standard diesel fuel. As a result, biodiesel may be utilized to run a diesel engine without any further alterations. This article analyses the potential of Phoenix sylvestris oil, which may be found in forest belts across the globe, as a viable feedstock for biodiesel extraction. Phoenix sylvestris oil is found to be abundant in different forest belts worldwide. The free fatty acid must first be transformed into esters using catalytic acid esterification before proceeding to alkaline catalytic esterification. The molar ratio (6:1), catalyst concentration (1 wt%), reaction temperature (60 °C), and reaction time (2 h) have all been optimized for biodiesel extraction. Biodiesel produced had characteristics that were similar to standard biodiesel specifications. The biodiesel yield from Phoenix sylvestris oil was 92.3% under optimum conditions. The experimental results revealed that the Phoenix sylvestris oil biodiesel performed better than neat Phoenix sylvestris oil and its blends. Phoenix sylvestris oil blend produced better brake thermal efficiency with lower smoke, hydrocarbon, and CO emissions. The biodiesel produced from non-edible Phoenix sylvestris oil has the potential to be employed as a viable alternative to diesel fuel.

Market Trends in Biofuel

Biofuels, (ethanol and biodiesel primarily derived from corn, sugarcane and vegetable oils) are a growing area of renewable energy. For example, in the transport sector ethanol can be used in suitable internal combustion engines or blended with petrol while biodiesel can be used in diesel vehicles with little engine alteration. This study looked at biofuel supply and demand in a number of countries as it recovers from the 2019-2022 COVID-19 pandemic and found that demand fluctuated over this period since external factors which influence oil prices, have a greater effect on the smaller, and mostly newer, biofuel industry. Such fluctuations would happen with any major shift in energy resources but have been exacerbated by the pandemic and recent conflicts. While governments must evaluate the role of biofuels in energy security, food security and GHG objectives in a changing political and financial environment, there are countries where they can play a significant role in the energy supply. How Governments might look longer term to pave the way to a “new normal” energy base is discussed.

Hydrogen production and separation in fuel-rich operated HCCI engine polygeneration systems: Exergoeconomic analysis and comparison between pressure swing adsorption and palladium membrane separation

Hydrogen is one of the most important base chemicals and discussed as a future energy carrier for power and heat generation, as well as energy storage. Producing hydrogen at low costs and low CO2 emissions is thus of increasing importance. This study addresses the thermodynamics and economics of hydrogen, power, and heat generation by partial oxidation of methane in fuel-rich operated homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines. Therefore, a python model of two different process concepts with different hydrogen separation technologies was developed and analyzed: pressure swing adsorption (PSA) and palladium membrane separation. The operating conditions of the engine and the separation were evaluated by conducting a global sensitivity analysis. The most suitable engine operating parameters were found at an equivalence ratio of 2, an intake temperature of 200 °C, a rotational speed of 1500 1/min, and a compression ratio of 22. In direct comparison, PSA consistently yielded better results than the palladium membrane, and low feed pressures were favorable. Subsequently, the uncertainty of economic input values was investigated and the power and hydrogen costs evaluated. In the PSA case, the electricity and hydrogen costs were found in a range of 44.2 €/MWh to 97.6 €/MWh and 2.7 €/kg to 7.2 €/kg, respectively, with an overall exergetic efficiency of 68.3%. Therefore, the proposed polygeneration system provides electricity at competitive costs and hydrogen at costs similar to a small-scale steam reforming plant at comparable efficiencies. Further scaling up of the engine could provide hydrogen at the cost of large-scale steam reforming, making the proposed concept a promising alternative.

ПРОЕКТ „DIGITAL BULGARIA IN PROLOG“

2022 marks the 50th anniversary of the logic programming language Prolog. In this regard, the authorsreceived an invitation from the creator of the language – Robert Kowalski, to participate in a multi-year international initiative known as „The virtual Prolog ‘School Bus’ activity“. The initiative aims to acquaint students mainly with logical programming and Artificial Intelligence through the Prolog language. The article presents an idea for a project called „Digital Bulgaria in Prolog“, which was confirmed as part of the above international initiative. Furthermore, the structure of the project and the possibilities for involving students from Bulgarian schools are discussed. The main topics of the project, such as Bulgarian cultural-historical heritage, folklore, history, geography, language, literature, etc., are also presented. Some examples demonstrating the application of logic programming to implement knowledge repositories and suitable inference engines, regardless of the subject, are presented as well.

Investigation on emission, performance, and combustion distinctiveness of bael seed cake pyrolysis oil/nano biochar/diesel blend fuelled in a compression ignition engine

AbstractThe fossil fuel depletion, harmful emissions, and loss in biodiversity led researches to move toward alternative fuel and fuel up gradation techniques. This study emphasizes on effect of novel Aegle marmelos organic biochar nanoparticles (AMBNs) as an additive to Aegle marmelos (AM) pyrolysis oil blend and their influence on combustion, performance, and emission behavior of diesel engine. The AMBNs are mixed with pyrolysis oil‐diesel blend in the concentration of 25 ppm, and 50 ppm by using ultrasonicator. The physicochemical properties of test fuel opuses were studied. Engine analysis was conducted on direct injection, four‐stroke, and single‐cylinder diesel engine. The experimental investigation was carried out at a constant speed of 1500 rpm and a standard compression ratio of 17.5:1 at varying engine load conditions. The engine behavior of pyrolysis oil‐diesel‐AMB nano additives opuses was compared with neat diesel (ND). The augmenting AMBNs additive to fuel blend has enhanced the combustion, performance and decreasing the fuel‐burning emission. The significances of AMBN50 on engine characteristics was enriched HRR of 53.73 J/deg CA have been obtained, which is 49.41 J/deg CA for neat diesel at peak load. Similarly, higher CP was achieved in AMBN50 of 64.09 bar at CA of 8° after TDC, which is 63.22 bar for diesel fuel at full load condition. The recommended fuel blend AMBN50 exhibits 13.24% of higher BTE, 27.57% lower CO, 19.11% lower HC, 18.46% higher CO2 emissions as compared with ND. Experimental output responses reveal that new hybrid AMBN50 fuel opus is suggested to attain the suitable engine characteristics for a green and eco‐friendly environment.

An overview of work productivity evaluation of farm tractors in timber skidding operations

Farm tractors have been applied in forest operations to carry out several tasks such as tree/felling/process-ing, forwarding, loading, skidding and cable yarding. Farm tractors can be equipped with special logging equipment that allows for their safe and efficient work in the harvesting of forest stands. This research is aimed to collect and review available literary sources on the productivity of farm tractors during skidding operations. The study results showed that work productivity of farm tractors for timber skidding has been studied by several researchers around the world. According to the results, the reported work productivity of skidding with farm tractors varied from 1.2 m3/PMH0 to 15.8 m3/PMH0 among international studies. Main variables impacting the work productivity of skidding included skidding distance, load volume, number of pieces per turn, tree diameter, tree length, slope of skid trails and engine power. Proper skid trail planning, applying suitable skidding equipment (e.g. winches, sulkies etc.), considering suitable engine size and prop-er safety standards can all help improving the work efficiency of the farm tractors during timber extracting. The information provided in this research can help the forest industry users and researchers gain proper knowledge on the work productivity of farm tractors applied for timber skidding. The study results can be also useful for planning and development purposes within small-scale forest operations.

Performance of search engines in harvesting grey literature

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to examine how far search engines have succeeded in retrieving electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs) using different search techniques and approaches. This study also compared the search results of search engines to identify the most suitable search engine for searching and retrieving the ETDs.Design/methodology/approachFifty ETDs have been selected using systematic random sampling techniques from Shodhganga (a reservoir of Indian theses). These ETDs have been searched through prominent search engines such as Google, Google Scholar, Yahoo and Open Access Theses and Dissertation (OATD) using different search approaches and techniques.FindingsThe overall performance of the search engines revealed that Google retrieved most of the ETDs (89%) followed by OATD (88.5%), Yahoo (78%) and Google Scholar (76%), respectively.Originality/valueThe results have brought into light interesting findings regarding search engines in retrieving grey literature.

Effect of injection timing and duration on the performance of diesel engine fueled with port injection of oxygenated fuels

An alarming adulteration of nature with automotive tail pipe emissions causing global warming demands suitable engine modification. Further use of alternative renewable fuels with fine-tuning the engine and required modifications could reduce the diesel engine emissions. Oxygenated fuels (such as methanol, ethanol and Butanol) act as stand-in fuel that could enrich the global energy requisites and affirmatively downsize the emissions by accelerating combustion efficiency. Under this circumstance, the experimental analysis was done on a single-cylinder four-stroke DI CI engine using conventional diesel as fuel by injection of ethanol, diethyl ether (DEE) and Butanol independently to into intake manifold at three injection timings viz., TDC, 5°ATDC and 10°ATDC respectively under the constant 27°CA injection duration with the help of a distinct setup comprises of the electronic control unit (ECU) and injector system. The resolutions drawn from the recorded results at 80% load during experimentation summarized that DEE exhibited improved BTE of 2.5% and 1% and reduced smoke emissions of 12.54% and 10.6% compared to that obtained with ethanol and Butanol, respectively. On the other hand, DEE emitted excessive NOx and inferior HC, CO emissions compared to ethanol and Butanol apart from shortened ignition delay and combustion duration. The conclusions are drawn from the injection of oxygenates that apart from the perspective of performance, DEE injection at the 5°ATDC was noticed to be optimal at 27°CA injection duration (3 ms) too for emissions characteristics of a diesel engine.