Verification Of Suitability Research Articles

Quantitative evaluation of patient-specific quality assurance using online dosimetry system

In this study, we investigated the clinical performance of an online dosimetry system (Mobius FX system, MFX) by 1) dosimetric plan verification using gamma passing rates and dose volume metrics and 2) error-detection capability evaluation by deliberately introduced machine error. Eighteen volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans were studied. To evaluate the clinical performance of the MFX, we used gamma analysis and dose volume histogram (DVH) analysis. In addition, to evaluate the error-detection capability, we used gamma analysis and DVH analysis utilizing three types of deliberately introduced errors (Type 1: gantry angle-independent multi-leaf collimator (MLC) error, Type 2: gantry angle-dependent MLC error, and Type 3: gantry angle error). A dosimetric verification comparison of physical dosimetry system (Delt4PT) and online dosimetry system (MFX), gamma passing rates of the two dosimetry systems showed very good agreement with treatment planning system (TPS) calculation. For the average dose difference between the TPS calculation and the MFX measurement, most of the dose metrics showed good agreement within a tolerance of 3%. For the error-detection comparison of Delta4PT and MFX, the gamma passing rates of the two dosimetry systems did not meet the 90% acceptance criterion with the magnitude of error exceeding 2 mm and 1.5 ◦, respectively, for error plans of Types 1, 2, and 3. For delivery with all error types, the average dose difference of PTV due to error magnitude showed good agreement between calculated TPS and measured MFX within 1%. Overall, the results of the online dosimetry system showed very good agreement with those of the physical dosimetry system. Our results suggest that a log file-based online dosimetry system is a very suitable verification tool for accurate and efficient clinical routines for patient-specific quality assurance (QA).

Dynamic behaviour of unstiffened stainless steel profiled barrier blast walls

ABSTRACTPerforming optimum design, reliable assessment or suitable verification for stainless steel profiled barrier blast wall structures requires dealing with various challenges, stemming from the associated uncertainties in material properties, fabrication, installation, and more importantly variations in the blast load characteristics. In the analysis, assessment, and design of these blast walls, one of the key areas to be appreciated and understood is the dynamic response of these structures. This paper presents a methodology developed for identifying the predominant structural behaviour and characteristics of profiled barrier blast wall structures, using a probabilistic approach. Twenty parametric base models are developed using Ansys and by implementing a Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) approach, the section properties of the models are represented in terms of probability distributions. A number of models are generated stochastically and modal analyses performed to identify the dynamic sensitivity of these models. The corresponding response classification of these structures is evaluated from the load duration and natural periods of the structures. The results of the study confirm that structural response, for the wide range of profiled blast walls analysed, is mainly quasi-static or static, as opposed to dynamic. In fact, dynamic effects are negligible for unstiffened profiled barrier blast walls and structural responses in most cases can be estimated on a static or quasi-static basis. This conclusion would help a competent design engineer to consider a proper dynamic load factor at an early stage of the design, without involving complex advanced nonlinear dynamic analyses.

P 16 The implementation of Near-Infrared-Spectroscopy (NIRS) in sports science – a verification of suitability using the compound movement squat

Introduction Near - Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) serves as a promising tool to examine cortical activity in a sports-scientific context. The associated feasibility of said method remains to be validated as exercise - induced confounders such as increases in extracerebral blood flow have been postulated ( Tachtsidis and Scholkmann, 2016 ). Additionally, the relationship between force and cortical activity is yet to be investigated in compound movements. Both parameters show a linear relationship in isolated movements ( Shibuya et al., 2014 ) yet it remains unclear whether this relationship applies to compound movements. Here we assessed the feasibility of NIRS for the compound movement barbell squat (BS). Complementarily the relationship between force levels and cortical activity during the squat was examined. We hypothesized that the extracerebral blood flow superimposes the signal and can be eliminated. Furthermore, we hypothesized a linear relationship between force during BS and cortical activity in the leg area of bilateral primary motor cortex (M1). Methods Ten healthy young adults participated in this study (n = 10; age: 25.7 ± 2.214 years). All subjects performed the BS task, five 90° squats per activity block, on three separate days with varying NIRS - configurations to control for and eliminate extracerebral effects. The experimental setup corresponds to a block design with varying force levels (L0%, L20%, L40%) which were individually adjusted in succession to Maximum Strength Tests. Our standard NIRS - configuration (A) covered the cortical motor system. The second configuration (B) additionally covered bilateral auditory cortices, frontopolar areas, as well as primary visual cortex. A third configuration incorporated a short - distance - channel to use this channel in a short separation regression (C). Cortical activation was assumed to be reflected by increased oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) and a corresponding decline or unchanged deoxyhemoglobin (HHb). Results For (A) and (B), HbO2showed a significant increase in the entire detection range when comparing the varying force levels during BS ( p 0.0023 ). For (C), HbO2 showed a significant increase in bilateral superior parietal lobule (SPL) (L20%, L40%) when compared to L0% ( p 0.01 ). HbO2 showed no significant increase when comparing the different force levels to baseline values. HHb showed no regionally consistent, significant decline for all comparisons. Discussion Short separation regression potentially enables the disentanglement of extracerebral blood flow from cerebral blood flow. There is a relationship between force and cortical activity in the squat when comparing force levels, although in bilateral SPL as opposed to M1 as seen in isolated movements. This implies a different modulator for compound movements compared to isolated movements.

견인곡사포용 이동대차형 포탄 이송장치의 인간공학적 적합성 검증

Sung Ho ParkAgency for Defense DevelopmentThe purpose of this study is to investigate the ergonomic verification of suitability of the 4-wheeled hand cart to prevent musculoskeletal problems in the firing test range. Because of the increasing amount of firing test, the needs to develop a projectile transferring device such as 4-wheeled hand cart has been increased. For the 4-wheeled hand cart, the lifting and carrying activity in the manual handling method were transformed to pushing activity. The risk of low back pain for lifting and carrying the projectile by manual was estimated by NLE and 3D SSPP. On the other hand, the risk for pushing the 4-wheeled hand cart was estimated by psycho-physical and biomechanical method such as Mital’s equation, Snook’s table and 3D SSPP. It was shown that the 4-wheeled hand cart reduced the risk of low back pain drastically with higher efficiency and design compa-tibility.

Turning of wood plastic composites by water jet and abrasive water jet

The paper deals with the verification of suitability of water jet and abrasive water jet application for the disintegration of rotating samples of wood plastic composites (WPCs) with diameter d = 36 mm. The influence of selected technological factors (traverse speed of cutting head v [mm/min] and size of abrasive particles [MESH]) on the topography of resulting surfaces has in particular been studied. Surface topography and quality have been assessed using the methods of optical and confocal microscopy and optical profilometry. The presented procedures and results of experiments demonstrate the technology of abrasive water jet as an appropriate tool for the rough machining of WPCs and similar composite materials. In addition, the application of this technology can effectively solve the problem of the melting of the polymer matrix and its subsequent sticking to the functional parts of a cutting tool resulting from conventional turning.

Geoinformatics application for assessing the potential of rainwater harvesting in arid regions. Case study: El Daba’a area, Northwestern Coast of Egypt

In the light of the current situation of water resources in Egypt, where it has a deficit in those resources, the rainwater harvesting and assessment of its potentialities became necessary. In the present study, an attempt is made to define a decision based on scientific approach for identifying the most appropriate sites for rainwater harvesting. This approach is based on GIS data layers which include DEM, landforms, geologic setting, watershed area, rainfall amounts, drainage lines, morphometric parameters, flow accumulation, flow direction, slope, and surface runoff. It also includes a verification of the site suitability through field investigations. El Daba’a area has been chosen because it has a lack of water for agriculture and drinking purposes. In addition, this area has special interest because of a planned nuclear power plant there. The obtained results reveal that the study area contains eight basins which have slightly intensive drainage network. The morphometric analyses of the studied basins reveal their opportunities for surface runoff. Three of them are showing high hazard degrees. These basins have actual runoff (Q) ranges between 16.5 and 25 mm annually resulted from average rainfall of 164 mm. Therefore, management of rainwater harvesting and protections from flash floods were recommended. Many rainwater harvesting structures, for example concert dams, alternative earth dikes, surface water reservoirs, and cisterns, should be established.

대면적 서셉터의 온도 균일도 검증 알고리즘

Performance of next generation susceptor is affected by temperature uniformity in order to produce reliably large-sized flat panel display. In this paper, we propose a learning estimation model of susceptor to predict and appropriately assess the temperature uniformity. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are compared for the suitability of the learning estimation model. It is proved that SVMs provides more suitable verification of uniformity modeling than ANNs during each stage of temperature variations. Practical procedure for uniformity estimation of susceptor temperature was developed using the SVMs prediction algorithm.

A system-level FPGA design methodology for video applications with weakly-programmable hardware components

High-performance video applications with real-time requirements play an important role in diverse application fields and are often executed by advanced parallel processors or GPUs. For embedded scenarios with strict energy constraints such as automotive image processing, FPGAs represent a feasible power-efficient computer platform. Unfortunately, their hardware-driven design concept results in long development cycles and impedes their acceptance in industrial practice. Additionally, the verification of the FPGA's correctness and its performance figures are unavailable until a very late development stage, which is critical during design space exploration and the integration in complex embedded systems. Weakly-programmable architectures, supporting design and run-time reuse via flexible hardware components, represent a promising and efficient FPGA development approach. However, they currently lack suitable design and verification methodologies for real-time scenarios. Therefore, this paper proposes a system-level FPGA development concept for video applications with weakly-programmable hardware components. It combines rapid software prototyping with component-based FPGA design and advanced formal real-time analysis and code generation techniques. The presented approach enables an early verification of the application's correctness, including exact performance figures. It provides a software-level verification of weakly-programmable hardware components and an automated assembly of the final hardware design. The developed tools and their usability are demonstrated by a binarization and a dense block matching application, which represents a basic preprocessing step in automotive image processing for driver assistance systems. When compared to a hand-optimized variant, the generated hardware design achieves comparable performance and chip area figures without requiring significant hardware integration effort.

New Role of Thermal Mapping in Winter Maintenance with Principal Components Analysis

Thermal mapping uses IR thermometry to measure road pavement temperature at a high resolution to identify and to map sections of the road network prone to ice occurrence. However, measurements are time-consuming and ultimately only provide a snapshot of road conditions at the time of the survey. As such, there is a need for surveys to be restricted to a series of specific climatic conditions during winter. Typically, five to six surveys are used, but it is questionable whether the full range of atmospheric conditions is adequately covered. This work investigates the role of statistics in adding value to thermal mapping data. Principal components analysis is used to interpolate between individual thermal mapping surveys to build a thermal map (or even a road surface temperature forecast), for a wider range of climatic conditions than that permitted by traditional surveys. The results indicate that when this approach is used, fewer thermal mapping surveys are actually required. Furthermore, comparisons with numerical models indicate that this approach could yield a suitable verification method for the spatial component of road weather forecasts—a key issue currently in winter road maintenance.

탄소중립 녹색도시 구현을 위한 계획지표 설정에 관한 연구

The aim of this dissertation is establishing internal indicator list for achieving policy goal of Carbon Neutrality Green City. First of all, it started to construct the basic system of planning indicator based on through comprehension of current studies such as advanced researches, government guidelines and green building certifications. And then it was set up final indicator list through inspecting FGI (Focus Group Interview), Verification of suitability, and Analysis of importance). As a result of this research, the planning indicator divided three steps and there were classified four fields in the top-level; Green Land and Ecology, Green Energy, Green Resource and Transportation, Green Living and Institution. According to the data, it deducted four items (ratio of green land, site plan, heat island and management of climate, base of nature ecology) and twelve index in the field of green land and ecology, three item(energy conservation and self-supporting, energy efficiency, new regeneration energy) and twelve index in the field of green energy and regeneration, five items(water resources utilize and circulation, other resource reduction and circulation, public transportation, green transportation plan) and fifteen index. Totally, Planning Indicators of forty nine were deducted. Therefore, there was the result of importance analysis that the indicators of plan and maintain management as the side of space for carbon neutrality were more appreciated than carbon reduction of individual building.

Formal Modeling of Product-Line Variant Requirements

Formal verification of variant requirements has gained much interest in the software product line (SPL) community. Feature diagrams are widely used to model product line variants. However, there is a lack of precisely defined formal notation for representing and verifying such models. This paper presents an approach to modeling and verifying SPL variant feature diagrams using first-order logic. It provides a precise and rigorous formal interpretation of the feature diagrams. Logical expressions can be built by modeling variants and their dependencies by using propositional connectives. These expressions can then be validated by any suitable verification tool. A case study of a Computer Aided Dispatch (CAD) system variant feature model is presented to illustrate the verification process.

The Usability of Fly Ash for the Construction of Embankment Dams

Power supplying industry in the Czech Republic is still dependent on thermal power plants. Due to the on-going and completed renovation of the existing power plant units, it is expected that they will be serviceable for the following 30 years. It is therefore necessary to look for suitable use of the by-products of these plants. Using the energy by-products during construction of dikes is currently limited to creation of little protective dikes on unloading yards of fly ash stabilizers. Here we can take advantage of the binding abilities of the energy by-product to stabilize the unloading yards and protect the environment. This method is technologically less effective for constructions of anti-flood dikes. Therefore we use the soils from the vicinity of the building area. A suitable method of using fly ash in water building industry lies in repairs of existing earth dams by using fly-ash and clay grouting that increase homogeneity, stability and impermeability of the dam. This paper deals with laboratory verification of suitability of different types of fly-ash in the mixture with special sealing clay. It also deals with designing optimal recipes for "on-site" testing. Results of the tests clearly recommend classical fly ash as the most suitable raw material. On the other hand, the bedding ash marked is not suitable for this technology.

Field Data Collection for Land Information Systems – A Case Study on Quantification of Resource Requirement for a GIS

Field data collection is the most important component for application development. Field data significantly affect the results of a research or a project. Therefore it would consume a substantial period of time unless field data collection is suitably designed, properly planned and executed with minimum gap fill data collection efforts. It is important for field data collection programs to carefully ascertain the required data, accuracy requirements and incorporate suitable verification tools. In order to achieve success of this process it is necessary to have a well organized methodology to evaluate available methods and tools for data collection, gap filling, verification and evaluation. This must be achieved through a good literature review, and then selecting and creating suitable methods, requirements and resources for data collection. The study area is around university of Moratuwa in Moratuwa DSD of Sri Lanka. It is a semi urban area of approximately 2.5km2 with nearly 6000 buildings and 300 roads. The area was divided into ten zones for data collection purpose. Georeferenced Google images, a pre tested data collection sheet, printed maps, Magellan Triton Handheld GPS and 38 data collectors were the resources used for the data collection process to capture spatial data. Total number of buildings collected from the survey is 5175 which covered the 17.97% of the extent. 469 Roads with a total length of 52,920m and classified into six road types covered 5.99% of the total area. The data capturing rate was approximately 5.5ha of land area and 3.8% of building units per averaged person per day. To capture these data, collectors traveled 162.5km within the data collection area consuming 102 person days. This research provides a systematic approach and guideline quantifications supporting GIS planners to prepare project estimations.

통근·통학형 자전거 이용시설 평가지표 개발

본 연구는 통근 통학시 자전거 이용환경 평가할 수 있는 평가모형을 개발하여 평가지표를 통해서 현재 자전거 이용환경을 평가하고 향후 개선사항 및 시사점을 제시하고자 하였다. 평가지표 개발방향은 자전거 이용자들의 필요성, 새로운 정책 반영, 종합 평가지표 구축, 관련연구 검토와 같이 크게 4가지 측면에서 통근 통학 자전거 이용환경 평가지표 개발방향을 정립한 후 기존 평가지표 검토 및 FGI를 통해 1차 평가항목을 선정하고, 평가지표의 적합성 검증을 통해 최종평가지표를 도출하였다. 본 연구 결과를 간략히 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째 자전거 이용평가에서 존별 평가를 적용하여 존 단위의 개선점 제시, 둘째 GIS를 이용한 시설물 현황 및 모형분석 결과 제시, 셋째 스파이더 맵을 이용한 각 존별 주요항목 결과의 비교를 명확히 하였다. A Development of the Evaluation Criteria on the User's Bicycle Environment for Work and School Trip Purpose: This study suggests future improvements and some current questions about the development of the evaluation criteria on the user's bicycle environment for Work and School Trip Purpose. The direction of development on Evaluation Criteria is all about on the side of necessity of bicycle users, the reflection of new policy, the construction of total evaluation criteria, and the examination of connecting study with current study. This study establishes a Development of the Evaluation Criteria on the User's Bicycle Environment for Work and School Trip Purpose. After that, this study examines previous evaluation criterias and researchers will select the primary provision of evaluation through FGI, and they derive the final evaluation criteria throughout the verification of suitability on Evaluation Criteria. The summery of this study is like this. First, suggestions of improvements of zones in bicycles users' evaluations, Second Suggestions of the current conditions by GIS and the result of model analysis, Third Clarify of major provisions in terms of zones by using Spider Map.

이용자측면의 고속도로 휴게소 서비스 평가지표 개발

본 연구는 고속도로 휴게시설 이용자측면을 평가할 수 있는 평가지표를 개발하여 고속도로 노선별 휴게소의 서비스를 평가하고 향후 모니터링 시 활용하고자 하였다. 평가지표 개발방향은 휴게소 이용자들의 필요성, 시대여건 반영, 종합 평가지표 구축, 관련연구 검토와 같이 크게 4가지 측면에서 고속도로 휴게소 평가지표 개발방향을 정립한 후 기존문헌 검토 및 전문가 심층면접 토론(FGI)을 통해 1차 평가항목을 선정하고, 평가지표의 적합성 검증을 통해 최종평가지표를 도출하였다. 이용자 설문인 AHP분석을 통하여 도출된 평가항목 중요도 분석결과는 환경시설 측면(0.35), 위치 측면(0.33), 위생적 측면(0.32) 순으로 가중치가 도출되었다. 본 연구결과에서도 알 수 있듯이 정량적, 정성적인 인자가 함께 고려되어 실질적인 고속도로 휴게소 평가가 가능하고, 스파이더맵을 통한 고속도로 휴게소별 맞춤형 휴게소 향상 방향 제시 및 향후 모니터링을 위한 기초연구가 될 수 있을 것이다. This study develops the evaluation model which is for assessing on the side of users in expressway service areas, and researchers apply this study for monitoring expressway service areas by routes. The direction of development on Evaluation Criteria is all about on the side of necessity of rest area users, the reflection of current conditions, the construction of total evaluation criteria, and the examination of connecting study with current study. After that, this study examines previous evaluation criterias and researchers will select the primary provision of evaluation through FGI, and they derive the final evaluation criteria throughout the verification of suitability on Evaluation Criteria. Throughout AHP analysis which is a professional survey system of users, researchers dereive on the side of facilities, on the side of environments facilities, on the side of position, and on the side of services in order by the weightings. As you can see in this study, this study also considers quantitative and qualitative factors together, and it allows to evaluate conditions of rest areas. In addition, this study can be a primary study for suggesting the ways of improvements of rest areas by using Spider Map and for monitoring future study.

고속도로 휴게시설 이용자측면의 서비스 평가지표 개발

This study develops the evaluation model which is for assessing on the side of users in expressway service areas. The direction of development on Evaluation Criteria is all about on the side of necessity of service area users, the reflection of current conditions, the construction of total evaluation criteria, and the examination of connecting study with current study. After that, this study examines previous evaluation criterias and researchers will select the primary provision of evaluation through FGI, and they derive the final evaluation criteria throughout the verification of suitability on Evaluation Criteria. Throughout AHP analysis which is a professional survey system of users, researchers derive on the side of facilities, on the side of operations, on the side of environments, and on the side of services in order by the weightings.

Comparative verification of different nowcasting systems to support optimisation of thunderstorm warnings

Abstract. The development and use of nowcasting systems should inevitably be accompanied by the development and application of suitable verification methods. A thorough verification strategy is needed to adequately assess the quality of the system and consequently to lead to improvements. Different verification methods for thunderstorms and its attributes are discussed along with the importance of observational data sets. They are applied to two radar-based nowcasting algorithms for a convective season using various observation data sets. The results show, that the combination of the two algorithms outperforms a single algorithm.

Consumption-portfolio optimization with recursive utility in incomplete markets

In an incomplete market, we study the optimal consumption-portfolio decision of an investor with recursive preferences of Epstein–Zin type. Applying a classical dynamic programming approach, we formulate the associated Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation and provide a suitable verification theorem. The proof of this verification theorem is complicated by the fact that the Epstein–Zin aggregator is non-Lipschitz, so standard verification results (e.g. in Duffie and Epstein, Econometrica 60, 393–394, 1992) are not applicable. We provide new explicit solutions to the Bellman equation with Epstein–Zin preferences in an incomplete market for non-unit elasticity of intertemporal substitution (EIS) and apply our verification result to prove that they solve the consumption-investment problem. We also compare our exact solutions to the Campbell–Shiller approximation and assess its accuracy.

골프장 내부마케팅활동과 조직유효성 및 고객지향성의 구조적 관계 분석

The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship among internal marketing, organizational effectiveness and customer orientation in golf courses by employing a statistical data analysis method, and to present a new type of applicable marketing strategy for golf courses. This paper chose the employees who work in golf courses located in Gyeonggi-do and Gangwon-do districts, and sampled, using convenience sampling. For this study, a questionnaire was distributed to 260 golf course employees and a total of 242 questionnaires were subjected for population by simple random sampling. For the analysis of data, SPSS 15.0 for Windows was used and exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis were made. In order to abstracted factors through structure equation model using AMOS 7.0, confirmatory factor analysis was made. For the verification of model suitability and research hypotheses, path analysis was made. Conclusion are as follows: First, the hypothesis-internal marketing will have influence on the job satisfaction - was found true. Internal communication and compensation systems had statistically influence on the job satisfaction. Second, the hypothesis - internal marketing will have influence on the organizational commitment - was found true. Internal communication, manager support and compensation systems had statistically influence on the organizational commitment. Third, the hypothesis - organizational effectiveness(job satisfaction, organizational commitment) will have influence on the customer orientation - was found true. The job satisfaction and organizational commitment had statistically influence on the customer orientation.

Comparison of ROSE, C3/IC, and SIR as an effective cleanliness verification test for post soldered PCBA

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate and compare the effectiveness and sensitivity of different cleanliness verification tests for post soldered printed circuit board assemblies (PCBAs) to provide an understanding of current industry practice for ionic contamination detection limits.Design/methodology/approachPCBAs were subjected to different flux residue cleaning dwell times and cleanliness levels were verified with resistivity of solvent extract, critical cleanliness control (C3) test, and ion chromatography analyses to provide results capable of differentiating different sensitivity levels for each test.FindingsThis study provides an understanding of current industry practice for ionic contamination detection using verification tests with different detection sensitivity levels. Some of the available cleanliness monitoring systems, particularly at critical areas of circuitry that are prone to product failure and residue entrapment, may have been overlooked.Research limitations/implicationsOnly Sn/Pb, clean type flux residue was evaluated. Thus, the current study was not an all encompassing project that is representative of other chemistry‐based flux residues.Practical implicationsThe paper provides a reference that can be used to determine the most suitable and effective verification test for the detection of ionic contamination on PCBAs.Originality/valueFlux residue‐related problems have long existed in the industry. The findings presented in this paper give a basic understanding to PCBA manufacturers when they are trying to choose the most suitable and effective verification test for the detection of ionic contamination on their products. Hence, the negative impact of flux residue on the respective product's long‐term reliability and performance can be minimized and monitored effectively.