History Of Suicide Research Articles

Risk of suicide in a sample of Egyptian high school adolescent students: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Background A lethal incident of self-harm with desire to die is called suicide. Every year, suicide claims the lives of more than 800,000 individuals globally. Teenagers and younger adults commit suicide on a regular basis. In late childhood and early adulthood, it is one of the primary triggers of death. Negative social and economic consequences and negative psychological consequences have been linked to it. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and risk factors of suicidal ideation and behavior in adolescents’ students attending high school in Cairo. Throughout the educational year (September 2021 to June 2022), a cross-sectional study was carried on 553 students. A detailed medical and sociodemographic information were obtained. The Suicide Possibility Scale (SPS) was used to assess the likelihood of suicide, while the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), which consists of 28 items, was used to assess the likelihood of mental illness. Results Screening among 553 high school students, it was shown that 11.03 percent of high school students were likely to have suicidal ideas or attempted suicide (scores ≥ 25) based on the SPS (Arabic version); females were more probable to do so (12.9 percent) than males (8.2%). Results from the Arabic version of GHQ_28 survey showed that 17.54% of the assessed students had a moderate to high risk of having a mental illness issue (scores < 7). There was a significant positive correlation among the total GHQ-28 score and various SPS score components for students in their first, second, and third grades level. Age, non-suicidal self-injury, and positive personal history of suicidal ideas for the student in the whole study group were non-significantly correlated (P > 0.05) with larger Suicide Probability Scale scores. While positive personal history of suicidal attempts, positive psychiatric illnesses and positive family history of suicide showed a significant correlated (P ≤ 0.05) with larger Suicide Probability Scale scores. Conclusions Screening among adolescent high school students found that 11.03% of them had a probable risk of suicide with higher risk in females than in males that increased with age. Risk of suicide among students was associated with history of attempted suicide and psychiatric illness. So, early detection and management of students with psychiatric illness could decrease risk of suicide among them.

What differentiates adolescents who have attempted suicide from those without suicidal history? A retrospective psychiatric inpatient study

BackgroundHistory of suicide attempts is one of the strongest predictors of adolescent suicide death. Our aim was to improve the comprehension of behavioral and socio-demographical characteristics of adolescent who have attempted suicide which can accelerate preventive and therapeutical measures.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed medical data of 284 psychiatric inpatients aged 13–18. We performed an univariate and multivariate analyses for the whole group and female and male sex separately followed by a logistic regression analysis. The primary outcome measure was history of suicidal attempt (SA).Results115 out of 284 analyzed patients (40.5%) – 91 girls (subgroup 1) and 24 boys (subgroup 2) - had a history of SA. In the whole group SA was associated with female gender, cigarette smoking, nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and neglect of emotional or social needs. In the subgroup of girls the most significant association was found between SA and cigarette smoking, followed by neglect of emotional and social needs, NSSI and the older age of receiving psychiatric help. In boys, the history of SA was associated with two factors: cigarette smoking and family victimization.ConclusionsThe only factor that showed significant association with SA consequently throughout all our study was cigarette smoking, which implies that in the high risk adolescents population cigarette smoking might be a more specific characteristic of the history of SA than NSSI and thus should not be neglected during first examination.

Association between fasting blood glucose and psychotic symptoms in Chinese patients with first-episode drug-naïve major depressive disorder

IntroductionPsychotic depression (PD) is a highly debilitating disorder characterized by hallucinations and/or delusions accompanied by depression. A variety of neurotransmitters, hormones and corresponding receptors in the endocrine system are involved in the onset and progression of depression, and fasting blood glucose (FBG) can be an important indicator for monitoring the stability of the endocrine system. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between FBG and PD in a Chinese population with first-episode drug-naïve (FEDN) major depressive disorder (MDD).MethodsIn this study, 1718 outpatient individuals diagnosed with first-episode drug-naïve major depressive disorder (FEDN MDD) were included. The association between PD and FBG levels was identified through multivariable binary logistic regression analysis. To investigate potential non-linear relationships, a two-piecewise linear regression model was utilized. Additionally, interaction and stratified analyses were performed based on gender, educational background, marital status, presence of comorbid anxiety, and history of suicide attempt.ResultsMultivariate logistic regression analysis showed that FBG was positively associated with the risk of PD in FEDN MDD patients (OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.31 to 2.13; P < 0.05). Smoothed plots showed a non-linear relationship between FBG and PD, while the inflection point of FBG was calculated using a two-segmented logistic regression model to be 6.23 mmol/L. On the right side of the inflection point, the probability of PD increased substantially by 278% (OR = 3.78, 95% CI: 1.75 to 8.18, p < 0.001), while no significant association was observed on the left side of the inflection point (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.73 to 1.52, p = 0.772).ConclusionsOur investigation revealed a nonlinear relationship between FBG and PD in patients with FEDN MDD, thereby informing more effective intervention strategies for managing psychotic symptoms in individuals with depression.

Kırılgan Narsisizm Temelinde Majör Depresyon Vakasının Şema Terapi Açısından Değerlendirilmesi

Narcissism is defined as an individual's admiration for their own self. The concept of narcissism has primarily been associated with grandiose attitudes; however, the clinical observation of different behaviors has led to the emergence of the term vulnerable narcissism in the literature. This study addresses a case where major depression is observed alongside vulnerable narcissism. Major depression significantly impacts an individual’s functionality and can lead to suicidal tendencies if left untreated. The presence of a suicide history in this case, involving co-occurring major depression and vulnerable narcissism, further substantiates existing research. In this case, early life experiences of the individual were explored using schema therapy to identify the roots and triggers of existing disorders. Schema therapy, a holistic approach, has been supported by research for its effectiveness in addressing lifelong personality disorders and chronic conditions. This study covers the case presentation, the client's schemas, modes, and the schema therapy techniques used to achieve therapy goals, as well as the therapeutic relationship. The sessions were conducted online, and challenges related to the limitations of psychotherapy techniques and working with traumatic memories in the context of online sessions were addressed in detail. Highlighting online therapy sessions in the literature is believed to contribute to the technical development of theories in this field. Keywords: Major depression, vulnerable narcissism, schema therapy, suicide.

Internalized Shame Mediates the Relationship between Borderline Personality Traits and Suicidal Ideation

Background: Internalized shame, defined as the enduring incorporation of shame as a trait due to repeated experiences of shame, is considered a core emotion in individuals with borderline personality traits. It is closely related to self-destructive behaviors, such as self-harm and suicidal ideation. This study aimed to investigate whether internalized shame mediates the relationship between borderline personality traits and suicidal ideation.Methods: Self-report questionnaires were administered to 303 undergraduate and graduate students to assess borderline personality traits, suicidal ideation, internalized shame, depression, impulsivity, and history of suicide attempts.Results: Internalized shame mediated the relationship between borderline personality traits and suicidal ideation, even after controlling for known predictors of suicidal ideation, including depression, impulsivity, history of suicide attempts, sex, and age. Specifically, higher borderline personality traits were associated with stronger feelings of shame, which in turn increased suicidal ideation.Conclusions: These findings suggest that addressing internalized shame could be a key target for interventions aimed at reducing suicide risk in individuals with borderline personality traits.

Investigating the Relationship between Automatic Negative Thoughts and Experiential Avoidance with Psychological Distress and the Mediating Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation in Patients with a History of Suicide Attempt

Objective: Automatic negative thoughts have an important role in development of a persistent negative cognitive bias, which may ultimately result in suicidal ideation. The primary objective of the present study was to examine the relationship between automatic negative thoughts and experiential avoidance in relation to psychological distress. Method: The study sample comprised 441 individuals who had attempted suicide. Participants underwent interviews utilizing standardized questionnaires including Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire–II, and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire along with its nine subscales. After internal relationships assessment among the research variables, outlier detection was done using the boxplot analysis and standard deviation distance metrics. To analyze the direct and indirect associations between the input and output variables, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed. In addition, SPSS-28 and Amos 29 software were used to analyzed the data. Results: The final model showed that automatic negative thoughts were significantly inversely associated with adaptive cognitive emotion regulation (β = -0.42, P ≤ 0.01) and significantly positively related to both maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation (β = 0.49, P ≤ 0.01) and psychological distress (β = 0.53, P &lt; 0.01). Additionally, experiential avoidance showed a significant positive relationship with maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation (β = 0.22, P &lt; 0.01). Conclusion: This research demonstrated that automatic negative thoughts could worsen psychological distress through the regulation of cognitive emotion in those who had a history of suicide. By the clinical management of automatic negative thoughts and shifting individuals’ cognitive emotion regulation toward adaptive strategies, there is potential for a substantial reduction in suicidal ideation and attempts which can be evaluated in future clinical trials.

From Data to Hope: Deep Neural Network-Based Prediction of Poisoning (DNNPPS) Suicide Cases

Background: Suicide is a critical global issue with profound social and economic consequences. Implementing effective prevention strategies is essential to alleviate these impacts. Deep neural network (DNN) algorithms have gained significant traction in health sectors for their predictive capability. We looked at the potential of DNNs to predict suicide cases. Methods: A descriptive-analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze suicide data using a deep neural network predictive prevention system (DNNPPS). The analysis utilized a suicide dataset comprising 1,500 data points, provided by a health research center in Kerman, Iran, spanning the years 2019-2022. Results: Factors such as history of psychiatric hospitals, days of the week, and job were identified as the most important risk factors for predicting suicide attempts. Promising results were obtained by applying the DNNPPS model to a dataset of 1453 individuals with a history of suicide. The problem was approached as a binary classification task, with suicide history as the target variable. We performed preprocessing techniques, including class balancing, and constructed a DNN model using a sequential architecture with four dense layers. Conclusion: The success of the DNN algorithm depends on the quality and quantity of data, as well as the model's architecture. High-quality data should be accurate, representative, and relevant, while a large dataset enables the DNN to learn more features. In our study, the DNNPPS model performed well, achieving an F1-score of 91%, which indicates high accuracy in predicting suicide cases and a good balance between precision and recall.

Neural Reactivity to Emotional Stimuli in Children With and Without a History of Self‐Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors

ABSTRACTSuicide is a significant public health concern and a leading cause of death for children in the United States. As such, there is a growing need to identify correlates of self‐injurious thoughts and behaviors in youth, particularly potentially modifiable factors that could be targeted by interventions. One potential factor is neural reactivity to emotional stimuli. Prior research has suggested that the late positive potential (LPP), an event‐related potential (ERP) component that indexes this reactivity, may be blunted in adults with a history of suicidality (i.e., ideation and/or suicidal behaviors). These findings have been interpreted in the context of cognitive models of risk, which focus on blunted reactivity to emotional stimuli broadly or to positive stimuli specifically (with perhaps heightened reactivity to negative stimuli). The goal of this study was to determine whether blunted patterns of neural reactivity toward emotional stimuli are observed in children with a history of self‐injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs) and whether this may differ across emotional contexts (afraid, happy, sad) and intensities (low, medium, high). The study focused on 7‐11‐year‐old children (50.51% girls, 62.63% non‐Hispanic White) with (n = 16) and without (n = 83) a history of SITBs. LPP amplitudes were indexed during a Morphed Faces task, in which stimuli displaying a variety of emotional expressions (afraid, happy, and sad) were morphed to display low, medium, and high levels of each emotion. The strongest between‐group difference was observed for medium‐intensity positive emotional stimuli, with children with SITBs showing blunted responses. These findings provide some support for the positive attenuation hypothesis and suggest that blunted LPP response to ambiguous positive emotional stimuli may be useful as a marker of risk and potential target for intervention.

Safety and Tolerability of a Brief Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Chronic Pain Group for Veterans at Increased Risk for Suicide.

Chronic pain is a significant risk factor for suicide, especially among Veterans. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety (i.e., the occurrence of suicidal behavior after treatment) and tolerability (i.e., treatment completion) of a Brief Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Chronic Pain (Brief CBT-CP) group in primary care among a sample of Veterans with chronic noncancer pain deemed to be at an increased risk for suicide. Chart review was used to assess suicide history and treatment completion among Veterans who participated in a Brief CBT-CP group within a Primary Care-Mental Health Integration Clinic at a Veteran Affairs Medical Center. Suicide risk was stratified into 3 categories: Minimal (no current suicidal ideation or history of suicidal behavior), Elevated (current suicidal ideation or history of suicidal behavior), and High Risk (current suicidal ideation and history of suicidal behavior). Safety was assessed as the absence of suicidal behavior during and after Brief CBT-CP sessions. Tolerability was defined as completion of at least 4/6 sessions. Of the 261 Veterans who participated in a Brief CBT-CP group, 24.9% of Veterans were identified to be at Elevated Risk for suicide, and 1.5% of Veterans were identified to be at High Risk. Brief CBT-CP was identified as safe, as no deaths (by suicide or otherwise) or suicidal behaviors were observed while Veterans engaged in the treatment sessions. In fact, following completion of Brief CBT-CP, a 24.2% reduction in relative risk of suicidal behaviors was observed in the overall sample. Brief CBT-CP was also tolerable, with nearly 90% of Veterans completing at least 4 sessions (n = 229). Brief CBT-CP appears to be a safe and well-tolerated treatment for Veterans with chronic noncancer pain who are also at risk for suicide.

The safety of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy: A systematic review.

Psilocybin, a classical psychedelic, has been rescheduled for use in psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy for treatment-resistant depression in Australia. While evidence for its use is promising, understanding the associated risks is crucial. Accordingly, this review aims to collate adverse event data from psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy clinical trials and evaluate its definition, way of measurement and reporting. A systematic method was employed to identify clinical trials related to the use of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy in clinical populations that reported on adverse events. The quality assessment focused on relevant criteria related to adverse event definition, monitoring and reporting methods. A total of 24 articles were included. The studies reported heterogeneous psilocybin doses, study designs and indications. Physical and psychological adverse events during and after psilocybin sessions were examined, revealing variations in measuring, reporting methods and occurrences. The most common adverse events during and after sessions included elevated blood pressure, headaches, nausea, vomiting, fatigue and anxiety. In addition, both suicidal ideation and behaviour were observed infrequently and mainly in participants with a history of suicidal ideation or suicide attempt(s). The review highlights the need to standardise the defintion of an adverse event, including how they are measured and reported, in psychedelic clinical trials to ensure consistent reporting across studies. In addition, screening participants for suicidality history and ongoing monitoring remains important, given the potential risk identified in the literature. However, based on the available data, the safety of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy is generally supported, and no deaths were attributed to psilocybin. Nevertheless, cautious optimism is needed due to the preliminary nature and heterogeneity of the safety data.

Суицидальный контингент в общей структуре отравлений в России

Individuals who commit deliberate self-poisoning for suicidal reasons make up at least a quarter of the contingent of toxicology centers in Russia, which indicates the scale of the problem. The suicidal contingent differs from unintentional victims in a number of key indicators. Women predominate among those who commit suicide (up to 73%), with the mean age of 32.5 years. There is a high proportion of unmarried – 31-45%, divorced – 6.3% people, a significant proportion are unemployed (39.5%). Upon admission to hospital, 70.2% are diagnosed with neurotic and stress-related disorders (F40-F48). Often, victims are examined by a psychiatrist or clinical psychologist not on the first day, when the most complete picture is needed to make a correct diagnosis. It is assumed that many are not diagnosed with depression. Alcohol is detected in a third of suicide attempters. The motives are predominantly interpersonal conflicts, less often they report the loss of a loved one, somatic disease, in isolated cases productive psychopathological symptoms can be found. Often the motives cannot be established. In 80-87% of attempts, medication is used. Psychotropic drugs (21.6-55.4%), cardiotropic drugs (22.5%), analgesics and antispasmodics (up to 12.5%) predominate. At least a third of suicide victims (36%) use combined medication, which usually entails increased toxic effects. For a number of territories of the country, the use of acids and alkalis (mainly acetic acid) remains relevant – up to 6-7%, poisoning with which determines high mortality. Intentional poisonings with inhalants (carbon monoxide, helium, etc.) are isolated cases. Mortality is on average 1.7-3.1%. The diagnosis of poisoning, especially committed for suicidal reasons, is not always obvious and simple. At the time of the initial examination, 61.5% of patients do not have pronounced clinical manifestations of acute poisoning. Often, victims deny what they did, which requires a more thorough questioning, examination, involvement of other people and objective data. Therefore, when making a diagnosis, it is recommended to use the principle of the "toxicological diagnostic triad": 1) the presence of a toxicological anamnesis; 2) toxicological situation and 3) a characteristic clinical picture, in combination with the fourth (4) task – identifying suicidal history and motives. Conclusion. In order to reduce the number of poisonings for suicidal reasons, a comprehensive system of measures is needed with broader involvement of mental health specialists, social workers, teachers, improvement of the work of the media and Internet resources. Among the key tasks are training and broader educational work on preventive suicidology among medical personnel, psychologists, social workers, volunteers providing assistance in cases of deliberate self-poisoning, the formation of a multi-level system of suicidological alertness for the purpose of earlier identification of this category of people, providing them with assistance and preventing tragic consequences. Keywords: suicidal poisoning, deliberate poisoning, poisoning for suicidal reasons, drug poisoning, suicide attempt, diagnosis of suicidal poisoning, poisoning prevention, suicide prevention

Risk factors and vulnerabilities amongst people who died whilst homeless or with a housing support need: a mixed-methods analysis of client case histories in a UK local authority area

BackgroundOver the last decade, deaths amongst homeless people in England and Wales have doubled, with the average age of death several decades younger than the general population. Due to limited availability, aggregating data on this cohort to understand compounding needs is difficult. Using a novel approach, we worked in partnership with homelessness and housing support services in a local authority area in southern England to review a sample of case histories of deceased clients known to these services, aiming to better understand risk factors driving this early mortality. MethodsA mixed-methods analysis was conducted using case histories, provided by homelessness services, of a cross-sectional sample of clients who died within a three-year period (2020/21–2022/23). Included were single people and childless couples in contact with services and either rough-sleeping, sofa-surfing, in temporary accommodation, or in ‘move-on’/permanent accommodation. Quantitative data were collected for circumstances of death, health issues, substance misuse, engagement with services, and risk factors, including histories of self-neglect, suicide and offending. Descriptive statistics were produced, as were narrative summaries describing each case history, which were thematically analysed. Findings60 individuals were included, with varying volumes and quality of data available for each client. Most deaths with a suspected cause recorded involved physical health issues/illnesses, with chronic conditions commonly identified. Despite a high prevalence of mental health and substance misuse issues, relatively few individuals were recorded as engaging with relevant specialist services. Self-neglecting behaviours, including failing to access/refusing assistance from services, were common. Themes identified included multiple compounding needs, difficulties living independently, poor engagement with services, and unstable lifestyles. InterpretationMultiple compounding needs were evident across this cohort; however, fluctuating circumstances, needs, and ability/willingness to engage with services presented challenges in providing support. Despite challenges in data collection, this methodology is replicable and provides valuable insights into compounding needs in a vulnerable population. FundingNo funding received.

Participation, barriers, facilitators and bullying experiences of trans people in sport and fitness: findings from a national community survey of trans people in Australia

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess participation rates of transgender and gender diverse (trans) people in sport/fitness activities, compare mental health outcomes for trans people participating in sport/fitness with those who...

Adaptation of an evidence-based, preventive intervention to promote mental health in Hispanic adolescents: eHealth Familias Unidas Mental Health.

Youth internalizing symptoms (i.e., depression and anxiety), suicide ideation and attempts have been rising in recent years, including among Hispanics. Disparities in mental healthcare are concerning and require intervention, ideally prevention or early intervention. Familias Unidas is a culturally-syntonic, family-centered intervention effective in reducing youth drug use and sexual risk, with evidence of unanticipated effects on internalizing symptoms. This paper describes the systematic process used to adapt the eHealth version of the Familias Unidas intervention to more directly address internalizing symptoms and suicide risk in preparation for an effectiveness-implementation hybrid trial for youth with elevated internalizing symptoms, a history of suicide ideation/attempts, or poor parent-youth communication. The resulting eHealth Familias Unidas Mental Health intervention is described. Guided by a 4-phase framework, the steps in the adaptation process involved: assessment of the community and intervention delivery setting (pediatric primary care clinics); integration of previous intervention research, including intervention mechanisms of action; and expert and community consultation via focus groups. Focus group analyses showed that youth and parents perceived that the intervention was helpful. Their feedback was categorized into themes that were used to directly target mental health by addressing technology use, parent mental health, and social support. Effective and scalable preventive interventions are needed to address mental health disparities. The systematic adaptation process described in this paper is an efficient approach to expanding interventions while maintaining known, empirical and theoretical mechanisms of action. Findings from the ongoing effectiveness-implementation trial will be critical.

Risk of Suicide and Suicidality in Patients with Moderate to Severe Psoriasis: results from the British Association of Dermatologists Biologic and Immunomodulators Register (BADBIR).

Psoriasis is associated with poor mental health and reduced quality of life. Although the high risk for depression in patients with psoriasis is well-established, their suicidality risk is uncertain. Previous studies provide contrasting results and have not included patients with clinically-confirmed severe disease. Our aim was to determine risk of suicide among patients with moderate to severe psoriasis compared with the general population, and investigate if psychiatric comorbidity or history of suicidality increases future suicidality risk in psoriasis. We further estimated the incidence of suicidal and self-injurious behaviours in patients. Analysis was performed using the British Association of Dermatologists Biologics and Immunomodulators Register (BADBIR). As controls, general population mortality and suicide data were used. There were 9 suicides in BADBIR. The incidence rate of suicide was 12.5 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI 6.53, 24.11) in BADBIR versus 11.0 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI 10.7, 11.3) in the general population in England and Wales. Among patients, psychiatric comorbidity or past suicidality was associated with higher risk for suicidal ideation, suicide attempts and self-injurious behaviours. Suicide rates among patients with moderate to severe psoriasis were not significantly higher compared with the general population. Suicide is a rare event and our results are limited by the uncertainty in the estimate reliability. However, considering the high depression prevalence in psoriasis, our findings support the need for prompt assessment of patients for psychiatric comorbidities and suicidality history. Further research is required on suicidal behaviours and the role of psoriasis severity.

University student suicides in Türkiye: Insights from two decades of media reports

University student suicides have emerged as a significant societal concern, reflecting challenges inherent in the transition to adulthood and academic pressures. This study aims to analyze two decades of national media coverage on university student suicides in Türkiye, examining demographic trends, suicide methods, and social factors implicated in these tragic incidents. A comprehensive scan of Turkish national media archives from January 1, 2004, to December 31, 2023, identified 213 unique reports of university student suicides. Data extracted included age, sex, year of incident, prior suicide attempts, geographic distribution, housing status, academic major, psychiatric history, social background, suicide method, and presence of suicide notes or social media posts. Statistical analyses utilized Fisher's Exact Test and Pearson's Chi-square to examine categorical data. Male students accounted for 61.6% (n=125) of reported suicides, with a mean age of 22.2 years (SD=3.05). The most common suicide method was jumping from height, differing by sex, with hanging prevalent among males and jumping more frequent among females. Mobbing emerged as a predominant social stressor implicated in suicide incidents, surpassing other factors reported in the literature. The findings highlight an alarming increase in media-reported university student suicides, predominantly affecting males and characterized by distinct suicide methods. The pervasive impact of mobbing underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions addressing social stressors, alongside comprehensive medical, psychological, social, and economic support systems within academic settings. Efforts should prioritize proactive mental health initiatives, policy reforms, and community-based interventions to mitigate suicide risks among university students.

How Does Virtual Reality Technology Affect Suicidal Ideation in Society?

Mental health issues such as anxiety and depression are on the rise in communities. Ignoring severe mental health issues can lead to suicide, which is a global public health issue. The use of advanced tools and methods to prevent suicide can help save human lives. Visual tools and virtual technologies have multiple applications in the medical and educational fields. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of using virtual reality (VR) technology on suicidal thoughts. A quasi-experimental study was conducted, in which 189 individuals who had a history of suicide were tested. These individuals were divided into three groups: one control group and two intervention groups that received traditional and VR-based training for 90 days. The Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation was used. The posttest results after the training period showed that conducting the training course had a statistically significant effect on individuals' suicidal behaviour and those who participated in the VR-based training course had better improvements in suicidal thoughts. Therefore, the use of 3D simulation and visualisation tools can have a significant impact on individuals' thoughts and perceptions. The results of this study have practical implications for hospital managers and counsellors in healthcare centres to use VR technology in counselling and training courses to improve the behaviour of individuals with a history of suicide.

Medication Adherence and Functioning in Individuals With Bipolar Disorder Type I.

To determine the correlation between medication adherence and functioning in individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) and the predictors of functionality. This cross-sectional and correlational study was conducted with 145 individuals with BD type I. Data were collected using a Patient Information Form, the Medication Adherence Rating Scale, and Functioning Assessment Short Test. Findings showed that most participants did not take medication as prescribed. Medication adherence was negatively correlated with functionality. Predictors of functionality were years of treatment, number of hospitalizations, working status, medication adherence, family history of mental illness, and history of suicide. Medication nonadherence is a fundamental problem for individuals with BD. Nursing interventions to increase functionality and medication adherence among this at-risk group should be planned and implemented. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, xx(xx), xx-xx.].

Suicidal thoughts are associated with reduced source attribution of emotion.

Approximately 9% of people think about suicide during their lifetime. Suicidal thoughts are consistently associated with perceived failures in emotion regulation. However, factors contributing to these perceptions remain insufficiently clear. New evidence suggests that when people know little about the cause of their emotions (i.e., low source attribution of emotion), they perceive themselves as less successful in regulating them. Therefore, emotion regulation deficits in people with suicidal thoughts might be related to lower knowledge about sources of emotions. We examined this question in two ecological momentary assessment studies (N₁ = 396, N₂ = 195). We found that participants with current suicidal thoughts knew less about the sources of their emotions compared to participants with no suicidal thoughts history (Studies 1 and 2), and even when compared to controls with similar levels of psychiatric symptoms but no history of suicidal thoughts (Study 2). Using language processing, we found that written descriptions of the source of participants' emotions were less concrete among those with suicidal thoughts compared to participants with no suicidal thoughts history. Among suicidal participants, suicidal thoughts were more likely to be present in moments when participants knew less than usual about the source of their negative emotions (Study 2), and low knowledge of the source was associated with more frequent and prolonged suicidal thoughts (Studies 1 and 2). Finally, lower perceived success in emotion regulation mediated the association between source attribution of emotion and the occurrence of suicidal thoughts. Findings suggest that reduced knowledge about the source of negative emotions might increase the risk for suicidal thinking. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Prevalence and factors associated with suicidal behaviors among domestic workers

BackgroundDue to urbanization and changes in family structure, the need for domestic workers has surged in many developing countries, including Rwanda. While being employed as a domestic worker presents financial benefits to many of them and their dependents, it also comes with risks and difficulties that might harm the domestic worker's mental health.AimThis study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with suicidal behaviors (i.e., suicidal ideations, plans, and attempt(s)) among domestic workers in Rwanda.MethodIn this cross-sectional study, data was captured from 884 domestic workers in Kigali, Rwanda. Suicidal ideation was measured using questions from the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), while suicide attempts and plans were measured using questions adopted from previous studies in the region. The methods used/plan to attempt suicide were also captured from individuals with a recent history of suicide plan/attempt(s). Three separate regression models were employed to ascertain the factors associated with suicidal behaviors.ResultsThe prevalence of past-year suicidal behaviors was 32.5% for suicidal ideations, 9.5% for suicide plans, and 7.8% for suicidal attempts. Being female and having a chronic medical illness were linked to a higher risk of participating in any form of suicidal behavior. Suicidal ideations were less likely to occur among those who attained secondary education. However, more years of working as a domestic worker were associated with an increased likelihood of suicidal ideations. Having more than five dependents at work increased the likelihood of experiencing suicidal plans or attempts among domestic workers. For those who attempted suicide, overdosing with medications/drugs was the most common method of attempting.ConclusionDomestic workers have prevalent suicide behaviors, especially among females and those with a chronic medical illness, more years of work experience, and those with many household members at work. Based on the present study, for domestic workers at risk, there is a critical need for focused mental health interventions and support networks in various sectors of the domestic labor force.