Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised Research Articles

The Relationship between Self-Compassion, Self-Esteem and Suicidal Ideation among a Cohort of University Students

Context: Self-compassion and self-esteem are positive personality traits that save us during life imperfection, so both can play a vital role in self-regulating behaviors to decrease suicidal ideation.
 Aim: Explore the relationship between self-compassion, self-esteem, and suicidal ideation among a cohort of university students. Methods: Cross-sectional research design was used. This study was conducted at Al Delta University for Science and Technology- College of Engineering and Oral and Dental Medicine, Dhakahlia Governorate, Egypt. A convenient sample of 249 undergraduate university students was recruited. Self-Administered Questionnaire, Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), The Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF), and The Suicidal Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R).
 Results: 14% of the studied sample reported that they frequently have suicidal thoughts, while 28.12% reported that they sometimes have a suicidal attempt. Suicidal behavior was inversely and highly significantly correlated with self-esteem (P-value < 0.03), and also self-compassion was inversely and significantly related to suicidal behavior (P-value < 0.02). In contrast, self-compassion and self-esteem were positively and highly significantly correlated (P-value <0.001). Additionally, the higher mean score for having self-esteem and self-compassion was among students who had a sleep regularly (18.38±9.94 and13.8±3.10 respectively), and the students who are doing physical activities had the highest mean score (26.88±7.06 and 21.24±11.1 respectively) with statistically significant difference (P < 0.05).
 Conclusion: Less than half of the students had sometimes and frequently at other times thinking of suicide. Self-esteem and self-compassion were significantly correlated, and suicidal behavior was significantly affected by students' self-esteem and self-compassion. The supportive resources through academic guidance and psychological counseling units that are staffed and supervised by psychologists, activating student extracurricular activities and sports clubs, will help enhance self-esteem and self-compassion and consequently minimize suicidal behaviors.

Indian Medical Students with Depression, Anxiety, and Suicidal Behavior: Why Do They Not Seek Treatment?

Background:Identification of barriers to mental healthcare seeking among medical students will help organize student mental health services in medical colleges across India. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of depression, anxiety disorders, and suicidal behavior among medical students and to identify the potential barriers to mental healthcare seeking among them.Methods:In this cross-sectional observational study, the medical students from a medical college in South India were asked to complete a structured pro forma for sociodemographic details, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7),and Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R). The barriers to mental healthcare seeking were assessed using the mental health subscale of Barriers to Healthcare Seeking Questionnaire for medical students. A cut-off of 15 was used for determining the presence of depression on PHQ-9. A cut-off of 10 on GAD-7 indicated the presence of anxiety disorder, and a cut-off of 7 on SBQ-R indicated suicidal risk.Results:Out of the 425 participants, 59 (13.9%) were found to have depression (moderately severe or severe) and 86 (20.2%) were found to have anxiety disorders (moderate or severe). A total of 126 (29.6%) students were found to have a suicidal risk. Preference for informal consultations, concerns about confidentiality, and preference for self-diagnosis were the most commonly reported barriers to mental healthcare seeking. Students with psychiatric disorders perceived more barriers to mental healthcare seeking than students without psychiatric disorders.Conclusions:One-fourth of the medical students were detected to have depression and/or anxiety disorders. Establishing student mental health services, taking into account the perceived barriers, will go a long way in improving medical students’ mental well-being.

Examining Factors Influencing the Differential Reporting of Suicide Attempt History Among Undergraduates at Elevated Suicide Risk

Aim Prior studies suggest that individuals may respond inconsistently to different assessments of suicide attempt (SA) history; yet, little is known regarding why inconsistent reporting of SA history may occur. The overarching goal of this study was to examine individuals’ self-reported reasons for inconsistently responding to different self-report measures designed to assess SA history. Methods Young adults who reported a lifetime history of suicidal ideation (N = 141) completed three different self-report measures of SA history: the (1) Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSS), (2) Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), and (3) Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview-Short Form (SITBI-SF). All measures were administered in a randomized order to control for potential order effects. Descriptive statistics were used to test study aims. Results Of the sample, 75% of participants denied an SA history across all three measures, 16% reported an SA history across all measures (“consistent responders”), and 9% responded inconsistently to SA history measures (“inconsistent responders”). Of the 9% (n = 12) of participants who inconsistently responded to SA history measures, the most commonly reported reasons for inconsistent reporting were that the definition of the term “attempt” was not made clear and that the participant did not read the SA history probes carefully. Conclusion Findings from this study underscore a need for increased efforts to improve SA history assessments. HIGHLIGHTS Some individuals may provide inconsistent responses across different suicide attempt measures. Confusion about the definition of a “suicide attempt” may lead to inconsistent responding. Further research is needed to improve our assessment of suicide attempt history.

Nonsuicidal self-injury thoughts and behavioural characteristics: Associations with suicidal thoughts and behaviours among community adolescents

BackgroundWe consider whether nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) thoughts – in the absence of any NSSI behaviour – are associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviours among adolescents, before examining whether characteristics of NSSI behaviour are associated with greater suicidal thoughts and behaviours. MethodsAdolescents (n = 2,057, M age =15.56) recruited from secondary schools reported their lifetime history of NSSI, suicidal thoughts and behaviours, NSSI characteristics, and NSSI functions. Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis test whether NSSI status and characteristics of NSSI behaviour are diagnostic of clinically elevated suicidal thoughts and behaviours (a score of 7 or higher on the Suicide Behaviours Questionnaire-Revised). Regression models test whether NSSI functions predict greater suicidality. ResultsAdolescents with NSSI thoughts and those with NSSI behaviour were more likely to report lifetime suicidal ideation and past-year suicide plan(s) than adolescents with no history of NSSI. In addition, adolescents with a history of NSSI were more likely to report a lifetime history of suicide attempt(s) as well as past-year suicide attempt(s) than adolescents with no history of NSSI. A greater number of NSSI methods, requiring medical assistance for NSSI injuries, and engaging in NSSI for self-punishment, anti-suicide, and sensation-seeking functions were associated with greater severity of suicidal thoughts and behaviours. LimitationsData are cross-sectional, limiting inferences about causality. ConclusionsFindings emphasize the importance of NSSI thoughts and characteristics of NSSI behaviour in understanding the complex relationship between NSSI and suicidal thoughts and behaviours among adolescents.

Childhood trauma and suicidality in bipolar disorder: The mediatory role of impulsivity

Childhood trauma (CT) is correlated with suicidality among patients with bipolar disorder (BD). However, it has not been adequately investigated if a third factor, for instance impulsivity, mediates the effect of CT on suicidality in BD. This study aimed to explore potential mediatory effects of impulsivity in the pathway from CT to suicidality in BD. CT was assessed with the Early Trauma Inventory Self Report-Short Form (ETI-SR-SF), impulsivity with the Barratt Impulsivity Scale-11 (BIS-11) while lifetime suicidality was investigated with the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R). The effect of childhood trauma on suicidality and impulsivity as well as the effect of impulsivity on suicidality were examined with multiple linear regressions, including gender, age and diagnosis (BD-I, BD-II) as covariates. Structural equation models were built and path analyses were performed (with AMOS 25 software and using bootstrapping in 1000 samples) for the examination of the mediatory role of BIS-11 and its subtypes in the effect of childhood trauma and its subtypes on suicidality. We included 78 BD euthymic patients (60.3% female, 67.9% BD-I). ETI-SR-SF significantly predicted SBQ-R (p=0.004) and BIS-11 (p<0.001), while BIS-11 significantly predicted SBQ-R (p=0.001). In a model including ETI-SR-SF and BIS dimensions, only ETISR-SF physical abuse (p=0.012) and BIS attentional (p<0.001) subscales significantly predicted SBQ-R. In structural equation models, the indirect effect of childhood trauma on suicidality via impulsivity was significant (p=0.003) while the direct effect of childhood trauma on suicidality was non-significant (complete mediation of the effect of childhood trauma on suicidality via impulsivity). In specific, both the indirect effect of physical abuse on suicidality via attentional impulsivity (p=0.002) and the direct effect of physical abuse on suicidality (p=0.013) were statistically significant (partial mediation of the effect of physical abuse on suicidality via attentional impulsivity). Childhood trauma predicts suicidality and impulsivity, while impulsivity predicts suicidality. More specifically, physical abuse and attentional impulsivity predict suicidality. The mediatory role of impulsivity completely explained the effect of childhood trauma on suicidality. Moreover, attentional impulsivity partially mediated the effect of physical abuse on suicidality. Therefore, management of impulsivity and especially of attentional impulsivity is crucial for the prevention and management of suicidality among BD patients with a history of childhood trauma.

The Developmental Context of Social Hopefulness and Suicide Risk

Social disconnectedness, or thwarted belongingness (TB) has been documented as an important risk factor for suicide across the lifespan. Perceived time left (PTL) may impact perceptions of hopelessness for social connectedness and therefore inform developmentally sensitive trajectories of suicide risk. This study examined interpersonal conditions associated with social hopelessness in younger and older adults in order to identify variables important for conceptualizing suicidality across the lifespan. We compared younger and older adults’ perceptions of social hopelessness for characters in vignettes that were depicted as having high or low TB (i.e., described as lonely or not lonely) and high or low PTL (i.e., described as being 35-years-old or 85-years-old). Additionally, we examined the relation between social hopelessness and suicide risk (using the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire—Revised). Participants included 135 younger (M = 19.32) and 69 older (M = 74.91) adults. Older adults endorsed less social hopelessness than did younger adults on the High TB/Low PTL vignette, t(102.15) = -4.88, p < 0.001, as well as the Low TB/Low PTL vignette, t(194) = -2.04, p = 0.04. Participants with higher suicide risk also endorsed higher social hopelessness on the High TB/Low PTL vignette than did participants with lower suicide risk, t(194) = -2.10, p = 0.04. Younger adults and participants with higher suicide risk across both age groups reported less optimism for characters’ future social connectedness, particularly for those portrayed as older. This study provides support for the importance of developmentally informed conceptualizations of risk factors for suicide, including social hopelessness.

Altered Functional Connectivity Differences in Salience Network as a Neuromarker of Suicide Risk in Euthymic Bipolar Disorder Patients

ObjectiveThe occurrence of death by suicide in patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder is as much as 60 times greater than in the general population. Even during the state of euthymia patients are characterized by suicide risk. The aim of the study is to investigate the baseline brain activity in euthymic bipolar disorder patients in regard to suicide risk. We hypothesized that patients compared to healthy control group will demonstrate altered functional connectivity among resting state networks which will be directly related to current suicide risk.Method41 subjects were enrolled in the study consisting control group (n = 21) and euthymic bipolar disorder patients group (n = 20). Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to evaluate resting state brain activity and ROI–ROI functional connectivity analysis was performed. Suicidal risk was estimated using The Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised.ResultsA two sample t-test revealed decreased functional connectivity between regions involved in the salience network in patients compared to the control group. This decrease was negatively correlated with current suicide risk.ConclusionObtained results suggest the association between risk of suicide and activity of regions responsible for functions such as learning from mistakes, prospective thinking, and sensory integration.

Suicide-related interpersonal needs of young Iranian people: A preliminary validation of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness constructs.

The aim of the current study was to validate the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ-15) and to test its reliability in Persian-speaking Iranian undergraduate students. In this cross-sectional study, 485 undergraduate students (age: 20.66 ± 1.42, 60% female) were assessed on the two subscales of perceived burdensomeness (PB) and thwarted belongingness (TB) and the Suicide Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R). Exploratory structural equation modelling (ESEM) confirmed the construct validity of INQ-14, excluding INQ#9. In addition, INQ#8, articulated in an equivalent Persian phrasing, loaded well on TB. The measurement model tested by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) suggested INQ#11 to be eliminated, resulting in INQ-13-P to consist of PB and TB-7. The internal consistency and convergent/discriminant validity were established. The concurrent validity of PB was solidly established in terms of past year suicidal ideation (PY-SI) above and beyond anxiety, depression, prior suicidality, and TB-7. The effect of PB on PY-SI was stronger, where prior suicidality had already occurred or the perceived likelihood of future suicide (PLFS) was high. Moreover, TB-7 could only indicate PY-SI, where prior suicidality had already occurred or PLFS was high, albeit when PB was omitted. The interaction term was significant; however, beyond anxiety and depression, the effect of TB-7 on PY-SI was significant where PB was very high (n = 40, 8.25%). Therefore, future studies can utilize INQ-13-P as a valid and reliable instrument in Persian-speaking populations. However, further studies should examine the construct validity of TB and its relationship with suicide ideation in different populations.

How should we respond to non-suicidal self-injury disclosures?: An examination of perceived reactions to disclosure, depression, and suicide risk

Identifying those who engage in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) rely heavily on self-disclosure. However, less than half of those who engage in NSSI disclose their self-injurious behavior often due to the fear of negative reaction. This study examined how perceived reactions to NSSI disclosure (i.e., ‘negative reactions’, ‘tangible aid,’ and ‘emotional support’) may be associated with suicide risk through depression. Participants were 385 undergraduate students who had a lifetime history of engaging in and disclosing at least one of their NSSI acts. Perceived reactions to NSSI disclosure were assessed through the Self-injury Social Reactions Questionnaire; suicide risk was assessed through the Suicidal Behavior Questionnaire Revised; depression was assessed through the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Path analyses were conducted to examine the indirect effects of perceived reactions to NSSI disclosure on suicide risk through depression. Exploratory analyses of independent models examining each reaction separately were conducted as well. In the full model, negative reactions and emotional support were indirectly associated with suicide risk through depression. In the independent models, all three reaction types were associated with suicide risk through depression. The current study elucidates a potential mechanism in which specific perceived reactions to NSSI disclosure may influence one's suicide risk.

Clinical and Psychosocial Characteristics of Adolescent Pediatric Patients Hospitalized after Different Types of Suicidal Behaviors-A Preliminary Study.

The objective of this study was to examine the clinical characteristics of adolescents hospitalized after a suicide attempt or instrumental suicide-related behavior. Participants included thirty-six adolescents from the pediatric unit of a Polish hospital who made a nonfatal suicide attempt (SAA) or engaged in instrumental suicide-related behavior (IBA), as well as a general population sample (GPS). Psychosocial features were measured using the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS), the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS), the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire–Revised (SBQ-R), the Psychache Scale (TPS), the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Center of Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC), and the Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ-16). The SAA group scored significantly higher than the IBA group and the GPS in modules related to irritability and anhedonia, voice hallucinations and delusions, suicidal acts, thoughts and ideation, and medical lethality. Additionally, the SAA scored higher on the SBQ-R and PQ-16 compared to the IBA group and the GPS. Although anxiety, mental pain, and depressive symptoms could not independently distinguish between the SAA and IBA groups, psychotic symptoms were more frequently present within the SAA group. The above symptoms may be important to consider when screening for suicide risk in the general population.

How bad is it? Suicidality in the middle of the COVID-19 pandemic.

ObjectiveThe current paper examines the intersection between social vulnerability, individual risk, and social/psychological resources with adult suicidality during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodData come from a national sample (n = 10,368) of U.S. adults. Using an online platform, information was gathered during the third week of March 2020, and post‐stratification weighted to proportionally represent the U.S. population in terms of age, gender, race/ethnicity, income, and geography.ResultsNearly 15 percent of sampled respondents were categorized as high risk, scoring 7+ on the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire‐Revised (SBQ‐R). This level of risk varied across social vulnerability groupings: Blacks, Native Americans, Hispanics, families with children, unmarried, and younger respondents reported higher SBQ‐R scores than their counterparts (p < .000). Regression results confirm these bivariate differences and also reveal that risk factors (food insecurity, physical symptoms, and CES‐D symptomatology) are positive and significantly related to suicidality (p < .000). Additionally, resource measures are significant and negatively related to suicidality (p < .000).ConclusionsThese results provide some insight on the impact COVID‐19 is having on the general U.S. population. Practitioners should be prepared for what will likely be a significant mental health fall‐out in the months and years ahead.

The Mediating Effect of Psychache on the Relationship Between Psychological Strains and Suicidal Behaviors Among Chinese Hui and Han Medical Students

Psychological strain is associated with suicidal behavior; however, the way that psychological strain leads to suicidal behavior remains unclear. The current study examines the mediation effect of psychache on the relationship between psychological strain and suicidal behavior among Chinese Hui and Han medical students. A total of 1,696 enrolled medical students (974 Han and 722 Hui) were administered the Psychological Strain Scale (PSS), the Suicide Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) scale, and the Psychache Scale. There were significant differences in the PSS between different ethnic groups. Correlation analysis showed that both psychological strain and psychache were positively correlated with suicidal behaviors, and the two predictive variables were also positively correlated. The mediation effect test procedure showed that the direct and indirect effects (mediator effect) of psychological strain on suicidal behaviors were significant. The findings indicate that psychological strain partially induced psychache in both two ethnicity groups, leading to suicidal behavior in Chinese medical college students.

A comparison between American and Chinese college students on suicide-related behavior parameters

Background/ObjectiveThe United States (US) and China are the two largest economies, but recent and directly comparable studies on suicide-related behaviors in the two countries are lacking. By using the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), item-level comparison was performed in assessing self-reported suicide-related behaviors between the US and Chinese undergraduates. MethodThis study involved a total of 3,185 college students aged between 18 to 24 years (1,185 US college students, and 2,000 Chinese students who were randomly selected from a large sample of 11,806 Chinese college students). Participants filled out the 4-item SBQ-R. ResultsParticipants’ responses were compared by country and sex. There was a higher overall risk of suicide-related behaviors among US students (24.3%) compared to Chinese students (17.0%). US students also reported higher lifetime attempt, past-year ideation, and lifetime threat. US female college students reported the highest suicide-related behaviors compared to other sub-groups. ConclusionsThere is a need to tailor specific interventions to alleviate college students’ suicide-related behaviors in the US and China, with a particular focus on US females.

Depression, suicidal ideation and suicide risk in German veterinarians compared with the general German population.

Higher rates of depression, suicidal ideation and suicide risk have been reported for veterinarians in various studies worldwide. This study investigates whether this is also true for German veterinarians. A total of 3.118 veterinarians (78.8 per cent female, mean age 41.3 years) between 22 and 69 years were included and compared with two general population samples of the same age range using the Suicide Behaviours Questionnaire-Revised and Patient Health Questionnaire. Current suicidal ideation was found in 19.2 per cent of veterinarians, compared with only 5.7 per cent in the general population. 32.11 per cent of veterinarians were classified with increased suicide risk, compared with 6.62 per cent in the general population. 27.78 per cent of veterinarians screened positive for depression, compared with 3.99 per cent of the general population. The study shows that veterinarians have an increased risk of depression and suicidal ideation and suicide risk compared with the general population in Germany. Similar to previous findings, the level of depression was higher among veterinarians than in the general population. However, this study does not explore causes for higher rates in depression, suicide risk and suicidal ideation. Since other studies strongly suggest specific risk factors lead to higher suicide risk and consequently elevated numbers of completed suicides, future research should focus on identifying and preventing causes.

Prevalence and clinical correlates of intimate partner violence (IPV) in women with severe mental illness (SMI).

Women with severe mental illness (SMI) are a vulnerable population in whom varying rates of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) have been reported with impact on their illness. The current study aimed to assess the prevalence and clinical correlates of IPV among women with SMI admitted to a tertiary care psychiatric hospital. The study was a cross sectional assessment of IPV among women with severe mental illness receiving inpatient care. The assessments included Indian Family Violence and Control Scale (IFVCS) for IPV, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS version 4) for psychopathology, The Suicide Behaviours Questionnaire Revised (SBQ-R) for suicidality, Physical Health Questionnaire (PHQ) for physical health, Scale for Assessment of Somatic Symptoms (SASS) for somatic symptoms and also semi structured schedule for their sociodemographic profile. A total of 100 women diagnosed with SMI with a cohabiting partner were assessed. The lifetime prevalence of IPV in the women with SMI was 22 %. Last 1-year prevalence of IPV in them was 20 %. Control and emotional violence were the most commonly reported form of violence, followed by physical violence, and sexual violence was the least reported. Significant association of IPV with suicidal behaviour, depression scores, physical health and somatic symptoms were found. IPV is prevalent in women with SMI and needs to be addressed. It is important to assess all types of IPV as it can impact the illness and the lives of these women, overall.

Non-Opioid Substances Acute Poisonings with Suicidal Intent in Patients with Opioid Use Disorder.

Several epidemiological studies have evaluated the role of illicit drug use in suicide behaviour. To assess patients with opioid use disorder and suicidal intent related to behavior, severity of acute poisoning and the most commonly used non-opioid substances. This cross sectional study included 67 patients diagnosed with opioid use disorder. The study was conducted at the University Clinic of Toxicology in Skopje over a 5-year period (2013-2017). The following variables were examined: gender, age, duration and route of opioid administration, duration of hospitalization, and types of substances used in acute poisoning. Assessment of patients’ behavior and severity of poisoning was made by using the Suicide Behaviours Questionnaire-Revised and the Poison severity score. The majority of patients were male (88.1%). The mean age of patients was 30±6.1 years. The average duration of opioid use disorder was 8.5±3.9. A single poisoning was found in 62.7%, double poisoning in 25.4%, and triple poisoning in 11.9% of participants. Benzodiazepines were most commonly used by the patients (55.2%). The largest number of patients (32.8%) had minor Poison severity score (PSS), and only 17.9% had severe PSS. None of the patients had a fatal suicide attempt. 86.6% of patients had a score of ≥7 indicating a high risk of repeat suicide attempts. Benzodiazepines were most commonly used as a single or combined substance in patients with opioid use disorder. PSS indicated that most of the participants were with minor PSS and with high risk of a repeat suicide attempt.

Validation of the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised in adolescents in Ghana

Background According to the World Health Organization, 85% of global suicides occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). A major factor contributing to the alarming rates of suicides in LMIC is the unavailability of standardized and validated screening measures to screen and identify individuals at heightened risk of suicidal tendencies for early intervention. Aim To investigate the factorial validity, construct validity and gender invariance of the Suicidal Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R). Methods A cross-sectional self-report methodology was employed to gather data from 553 adolescents (average age = 16.85; girls = 322) in Ghana. Results The result of a multi-group confirmatory factor analysis supported a unidimensional structure of the SBQ-R that did not differ for boys and girls. The SBQ-R demonstrated construct validity for boys and girls by correlating significantly although moderately with measures of depression, anxiety and mental wellbeing. Conclusion The findings of this preliminary study suggest that the SBQ-R can be administered as a valid screening measure for adolescents at high risk for suicide for further assessment and intervention planning in Ghana, regardless of gender. Additionally, the study contributes to the literature on the universality and assessment of suicidal behaviors using SBQ-R.

Determinants of suicidal ideation among patients with mental disorders visiting psychiatry outpatient unit in Mekelle town, psychiatric clinics, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: a case\u2013control study

BackgroundGlobally, more than 450 million people suffer from a mental or behavioral disorder. Psychiatric disorder and its duration, physical illness, family history of mental illness, previous suicidal attempt, unemployment, poor social support, and psychotic symptoms are of the main reasons enabling patients to be suicidal ideates. The purpose of this study is to identify the determinants of suicidal ideation among patients with mental disorders in Mekelle, Ethiopia.MethodsCase–control study design was employed with a total of 221 study subjects (74 cases and 147 controls) in Mekelle, Ethiopia. Suicidal ideation was measured by the Suicidal Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) scale. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to determine between the independent and dependent variables.ResultsThis study revealed that family suicide history (AOR = 6.87, 95% CI [1.138–41.531, P = 0.036), previous attempts history (AOR = 27.457, 95% CI 10.417–72.368, P = 0.0001), family mental illness history (AOR = 3.029, 95% CI 1.088–8.431, P = 0.034), major depressive disorders (AOR = 11.182, 95% CI 2.382–52.501, P = 0.002), and psychiatric comorbid disorders (AOR = 12.245, 95% CI 1.898–78.986, P = 0.008) were significant factors of suicidal ideation.ConclusionFamily mental illness history, family suicide history, previous suicide attempt history, major depressive disorders, and psychiatric comorbid disorders were significant factors of suicidal ideation.

Suicidal Behavior and Associated Factors Among Students in Mettu University, South West Ethiopia, 2019: An Institutional Based Cross-Sectional Study.

BackgroundSuicidal behavior is a leading cause of injury and death worldwide. It is a public health issue that is estimated to contribute more than 2.4% to the global burden of disease by the year 2020. University and college students are among groups affected more than the general population. However, there is a scarcity of studies on the magnitude and associated factors of suicidal behavior among University students in Ethiopia, particularly in Mettu University. Therefore, we assessed the prevalence of suicidal behavior and associated factors among Mettu University students.MethodsInstitution-based multistage stratified cross-sectional study design was conducted among 523 regular main campus students of Mettu University. The Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire Revised (SBQ-R) was used to screen the presence of suicidal behavior symptoms. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20.ResultsLifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation, plan, and attempt was 58.3%, 37.3%, and 4.4%, respectively, with one-year prevalence of suicidal ideation at 34%. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds of suicidal ideation were higher among female gender, students who had poor social support, family history of suicide attempt, lifetime alcohol use, rural residence, and less frequently engaging in religious practice; these factors were significantly associated with suicidality.ConclusionNearly one-fourth of respondents report suicidal behavior. Prevalence of suicide was found to be higher. Prevention and coping actions regarding identified factors to reduce burden of suicide are needed.

The Polish adaptation of the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised by A. Osman et al.

The aim of the study was to develop a Polish adaptation of the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) by A. Osman et al. The questionnaire is a self-descriptive measure of suicidal tendencies (suicidal behaviors, including ideation and attempts) composed of four questions. A total of 926 university and post-graduate students from Lodz (526 women and 400 men) were included in the adaptation study. In addition, the Beck's Depression Inventory, the Psychological Pain Scale by Holden et al. and the Purpose in Life (PIL) test by Crumbaugh and Maholick were used to evaluate the construct validity of the SBQ-R. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis supported an assumed onedimensional structure of the questionnaire, with satisfactory internal consistency, evaluated by Cronbach's alpha, equal to 0.83. The significant positive correlations were observed between the questionnaire scores and level of depression and psychological pain, while a negative correlation between the questionnaire scores and purpose in life. Participants who had previously demonstrated suicidal behavior, those who reported suicidal thoughts and those from a family with a history of suicide attempts or alcohol addiction obtained a significantly higher score in the SBQ-R. The findings indicate that the Polish adaptation of the SBQ-R by Osman et al. has good psychometric characteristics and can be considered in both research and clinical practice.