Scale For Suicide Ideation Research Articles

Comparing Defensive Mechanisms and Suicidal Thoughts in Addicted Men and Women

e present study aimed to compare the defensive mechanisms and suicidal thoughts among substance-dependent men and women. The research design was a retrospective (causal-comparative) study. The sample included 112 substance users (56 women and 56 men) from addiction rehabilitation centers in Gilan province, selected through convenience sampling based on entry criteria for this study. Two questionnaires were used in this study: the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ-40) and the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSSI). The collected data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance with SPSS software version 26. Data analysis showed no significant difference in the defensive mechanisms between men and women dependent on substances; however, there was a significant difference in suicidal thoughts between men and women dependent on substances. Considering the results of this study, therapists and counselors working with substance-dependent individuals are advised to pay attention to the defensive mechanisms and suicidal thoughts of these individuals, as awareness of these variables can assist in providing better and more appropriate services to these patients.

A Validation of the Korean Version of Ultra-Short Suicidal Ideation Scale

A Validation of the Korean Version of Ultra-Short Suicidal Ideation Scale

Sistemik İzotretinoin Tedavisinin Depresyon ve Diğer Psikolojik Belirtiler Üzerine Etkisi: Bir Vaka Kontrol Çalışması

Objective: Isotretinoin is highly preferred in the treatment of severe and resistant acne, but there are still disagreements about whether it has psychogenic side effects. In this study; we aim to investigate the changes in psychological symptoms before and after the treatment in a group of patients treated with isotretinoin. Material and Methods: A total of 110 patients who had moderate or severe acne, and decided to start isotretinoin treatment, were included. Acne Quality of Life Scale, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Suicidal Ideation Scale, and Symptom Check List (SCL-90-R) Psychological Symptom Screening tests were performed and compared before starting treatment and at the 6th month of treatment. Results: In our study, in both the pre-treatment and post-treatment groups, the rate of patients at risk for depression was significantly higher in the group that had severe acne (p<0.05). The scores of psychiatric tests with moderate acne were found to be significantly lower than those with severe acne in all parameters (p<0.05). We have found that somatization, depression, phobic thoughts, and general symptom index scores were significantly higher in women before and after the treatment (p<0.05). Acne treatment was associated with improved quality of life and BDI scores in both male and female patients (p=0.001). SCL-90-R somatization, obsession, depression, sensitivity, anger, and general symptom index scores decreased significantly after the treatment. Conclusion: Our study objectively demonstrated that isotretinoin treatment does not cause depression and psychological symptoms, and even improves depression and psychological symptoms caused by acne and improves the quality of life.

Individual Characteristics predisposing undergraduate students to Suicide Ideation in the University of Cape Coast, Ghana.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to find out the individual characteristics predisposing undergraduate students to suicide ideation in the University of Cape Coast.&#x0D; Methodology: A mixed methods approach was used in which a quasi-experimental research design, specifically, the pre-test, post-test and control group design was combined with a qualitative phase. A total of 30 undergraduate students from four colleges of the University of Cape Coast in the Central Region of Ghana were non- randomly assigned to two treatment groups Individual Psychology and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (IP and CBT) and one control group. Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation was used for the collection of data for the study. To assess the individual characteristics that predispose undergraduate students of UCC, Chi square test for association was employed as an appropriate tool for the analysis.&#x0D; Findings: The study revealed that age, gender, program of study and level of study of the students have significant association with students who are predisposed to suicide ideation.&#x0D; Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: It was recommended that constant screening of suicide ideation be done as part of the University’s program to be organised by the Counselling Center. This is to help educate and create more awareness on suicide ideation and bring in more people per the screening to benefit from counselling therapies which in turn will help reduce suicide ideation on our campus.

Prevalence of Suicide Ideation and its Gender Distribution Among Undergraduate of University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to find out the prevalence of suicide ideation among undergraduate students of the University of Cape Coast and the gender distribution of suicide ideation among them.&#x0D; Methodology: This study was a quantitative one and it used the quasi-experimental research design, specifically, the pre-test, post-test and control group design. A total of 30 undergraduate students from four colleges of the University of Cape Coast in the Central Region of Ghana was non-randomly assigned to two treatment groups, Individual Psychology and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (IP and CBT) and one control group. Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation was used for the collection of data for the study. Descriptive Statistics such as frequencies and percentages were used to analyse the data.&#x0D; Findings: Results showed that two out of every 15 UCC undergraduate students experience suicide ideation continuously and persistently. Again, the rate at which female students think suicidal, that is, have suicidal ideas, is higher than the male students. In other words, female undergraduate students of University of Cape Coast experience suicide ideation more than their male counterparts. It was concluded that suicide ideation is prevalent, 13.3%, among undergraduate students of UCC. &#x0D; Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: Based on the findings, it was recommended that constant screening of suicide ideation be made part of the University’s program and the Counselling Centre should be mandated to organise the screening exercise. This will help educate and create more awareness on suicide ideation and offer more people, per the screening, the opportunity to benefit from the therapies.

Evidencias psicométricas de la Escala de Ideación Suicida de Roberts en adolescentes peruanos

Suicidal ideation are thoughts related to death, with or without planning the place or the methods that would be used to kill oneself. Suicidal ideation has been shown to be more prevalent in adolescence, a crucial stage during human development. Identifying and intervening these problems is of utmost importance to prevent suicidal behaviors and the comorbidity of other psychological problems that can worsen the mental and physical health of the adolescent. A complementary tool in clinical practice or basic research are psychometric instruments that allow evaluating non-observable constructs in the field of psychology, for example, suicidal ideation. Therefore, the objective of the study was to present the sources of validity evidence based on the content, internal structure and in the relationship with other variables of the Roberts Suicidal Ideation Scale in Peruvian adolescents. The study has an instrumental and cross-sectional design. 399 adolescents residing in Lima participated, selected through convenience sampling and inclusion criteria: a) be between 10 and 19 years old, b) place of residence in Lima and c) have accepted informed consent. Adolescents who did not meet these criteria were excluded from the study. All participants answered three scales, which were: the Roberts Suicidal Ideation Scale, the Paykel Suicidal Ideation Scale and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The last two scales have evidence of validity in the Peruvian adolescent population. In that sense, 237 (59.4 %) were women and 162 (40.6 %) were men. The mean age was 17.81 (SD = 1.03) in a range of 15 to 19 years. Likewise, additional questions were asked about suicidal behavior during the last 12 months, where 2.8 % considered seriously committing suicide, 2.5 % made suicide plans, and 2.5 % attempted suicide, but were unsuccessful. Regarding the results of the investigation. In principle, three Peruvian psychologists reviewed the content of the items and all considered that the items were representative and relevant to explain the construct. Likewise, through the modeling of structural equations, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was applied to analyze the internal structure of the scale, where it was evidenced that the structure was essentially one-dimensional (CFI = .99; RMSEA = .04 [90 % CI; .00-.12], SRMR = .01, WRMR = .30) and presented factorial loads (λ) higher than .50. On the other hand, the internal consistency was acceptable ω = .84 [95 % CI: .81-.86] and reliability of the construct H = .94, showing that the items are homogeneous and coherent. The multigroup measurement invariance and its different conditions (configural, metric and strong) according to sex (women vs. men) and age (15 to 17 years vs. 18 to 19 years), was stable in the different restrictions and fulfilling the points of Suggested. Cut-off for the variation of the fit índices: (ΔCFI &lt; .01; ΔSRMR &lt; .03), showing that the internal structure of the instrument is the same for the sex and age groups. Finally, a positive relationship was found ( r = .35; p = .01) with another instrument that assesses suicidal ideation (thoughts of death, suicidal ideation and suicide attempt) and negative relationships with the positive dimension ( r = -.31; p = .01) and negative dimension ( r = -.25; p = .01) of self-esteem. All correlations had a minimal effect size. The research results suggest a one-dimensional factorial structure, adequate internal and construct consistency, coherent relationship with other variables and invariance according to sex and age. The findings allow us to conclude and recommend of the Roberts Suicidal Ideation Scale scores for the specific use in Peruvian adolescents and comparison of groups (sex and age) are reliable and adequate. https://doi.org/10.16888/interd.2023.40.1.10

The Role of Depression in the Effect of Technology-Facilitated Sexual Violence on Suicidal Ideation in Early Adult

The phenomenon of suicide ideation is a problem that needs to be examined at this time. This study investigates the role of technology-facilitated sexual violence experience and depression on the appearance of suicidal ideation in emerging adults. A quantitative research was conducted on a sample of 322 respondents aged 18–25 years. Three scales were used in this research: the Technology-Facilitated Sexual Violence Victimization Scale is established by Henry &amp; Powell (2014), to measure the respondents’ technology-facilitated sexual violence experiences; Lovibond &amp; Lovibond’s (1995) Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale to measure the respondents’ depression, anxiety, and stress; and Beck’s (1979) Scale of Suicidal Ideation established to measure the appearance of the respondents’ suicide ideation. The data were analyzed using the statistical correlation test, multivariate linear regression hierarchy, and path analysis. From the results, technology-facilitated sexual violence was found to have a significant effect on suicidal ideation in early adults. Furthermore, it was found that depression partially mediates the relationship between technology-facilitated sexual violence and suicidal ideation in early adults. This study is beneficial to developing a positive internet intervention approach to create more conducive virtual spaces.

IS NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY ASSOCIATED WITH SUICIDE IDEATION IN MIDDLE-AGED AND OLDER MEN?

Abstract Older adults have high rates of suicide, necessitating theory and research on factors that contribute to suicide risk and may be targets for intervention. Clark (1993) theorized that age-related losses and transitions can trigger narcissistic injury in older men, and lead to mood decline, substance misuse, loss of insight, and suicide ideation and behavior. We tested elements of Clark’s model in a secondary analysis of a geriatric depression clinic database (n=574), and reported a positive association between clinician-diagnosed Narcissistic Personality (NP) and suicide ideation and behavior, controlling for depression severity (Heisel et al., 2007). We sought to replicate and extend these findings in 82 community-residing men, 55 years and older (M=63.3, SD=4.6), who participated in a trial of Meaning-Centered Men’s Group (MCMG; Heisel et al., 2020) for those concerned about or struggling with the transition to retirement. Participants completed the Pathological Narcissism Inventory (Pincus et al., 2009), Geriatric Suicide Ideation Scale (Heisel &amp; Flett, 2006), and Geriatric Depression Scale (Yesavage et al., 1983). Linear regression analyses indicated a significant association between PNI-Contingent Self-Esteem and GSIS totals (t=2.41, p=.019) and GSIS Loss of Personal Worth (t=2.10, p=.040) and Perceived Meaning in Life Subscales (t=2.80, p=.007), controlling for depressive symptom severity (Geriatric Depression Scale; Yesavage et al., 1983), suggesting an association between suicide ideation and self-esteem issues. These and other findings will be discussed in a broader thematic context regarding masculinity, loss, life transitions, and suicide prevention.

ASSESSING THE PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE GERIATRIC SUICIDE IDEATION SCALE (GSIS) IN MIDDLE-AGED AND OLDER MEN

Abstract Middle-aged and older men have high rates of suicide, necessitating focused risk detection. We developed the Geriatric Suicide Ideation Scale (GSIS; Heisel &amp; Flett, 2006) as an age-specific, multidimensional suicide risk assessment tool. The GSIS has shown strong psychometric properties in clinical, community, and residential samples (see Heisel &amp; Flett, 2016), yet research has lagged investigating its utility with middle-aged and older men. The purpose of the present study was thus to assess the psychometric properties of the GSIS administered to 82 men, 55 years and older (M=63.3, SD=4.6 years), who participated in a meaning-centered psychological intervention group for those concerned about or struggling with the transition to retirement (Heisel et al., 2020). Psychometric analyses included investigation of participant response characteristics, internal consistency, and construct validity. Findings demonstrated acceptable internal consistency for GSIS totals (α =.88) and for its Suicide Ideation, Death Ideation, Loss of Personal and Social Worth, and Perceived Meaning in Life subscales (α =.62-.81). Positive associations between the GSIS and negative psychological factors (depression, anxiety, hopelessness, loneliness, perceived lack of mattering to others, and history of suicidal behavior; r =.30 to .51) and negative associations with positive factors (life satisfaction, psychological well-being, perceived support, and meaning in life; r = -.21 to -.51) supported its construct validity. These and other findings will be discussed in the broader context of upstream population level approaches to suicide risk detection and prevention.

The Effect of Emotional Dysregulation and Impulsivity on Suicidality in Patients with Bipolar Disorder.

We aimed to evaluate the effect of emotional dysregulation and impulsivity on suicidality in patients with bipolar disorder by comparing patients with bipolar disorder with healthy individuals. The study included 85 patients (59 women, 26 men) with bipolar disorder and education and age-matched 65 (44 women, 21 men) healthy volunteers. The patient group was separated into 3 different groups if they have a suicide attempt history, or have suicidal ideation without attempt, or have neither suicide attempt nor ideation. Sociodemographic Form, The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11), Scale for Suicidal Ideation, Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire scales were applied to the participants. Patients with bipolar disorder (n=85) had significantly higher scores for emotion dysregulation and impulsivity than the healthy controls (p<0.001, p<0.001). The scores of DERS, BIS-11, Suicidal ideation, and Suicide behavior scores were significantly correlated. DERS Total and BIS Total scores of bipolar patients with suicide attempts were significantly higher than bipolar patients with suicidal ideation and bipolar patients with neither attempt nor ideation. According to the hierarchical regression analysis, strategies, clarity, and non-planning impulsiveness were found as the predictors of suicidal ideation in bipolar patients. Suicidal behavior has a significant relationship between emotional dysregulation and impulsivity in patients with BD. Clinicians must carefully evaluate emotional dysregulation and impulsivity among this population to develop treatment strategies in suicide prevention.

An explanatory model of suicidal ideation based on family functionality and mental health problems: A cross-sectional study of medical students

Background: One of the mental health problems with the greatest impact on people's lives is suicidal behavior, a largely preventable public health problem that accounts for almost half of all violent deaths. The aim of the study is to propose a model that can explain and predict suicidal ideation based on mental health problems (stress-anxiety-depression) and family functionality (cohesion, flexibility, and cohesion).&#x0D; Methods: Our study is cross-sectional. The population consisted of medical interns from all over Peru. Non-probability sampling was used. We used Family Cohesion and Adaptability Evaluation Scale (FACES-III), Family Communication Scale, Family Satisfaction Scale, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21), and the Scale for Suicide Ideation – Worst (SSI-W).&#x0D; Results: A total of 480 participants were included. The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 39Poisson regression analysis adjusted identified that people with anxiety symptoms were more than four times more likely to have suicidal ideation (PR=4.89; 95% CI:1.90-12.64). Also, people with moderate to high levels of family communication were much less likely to have suicidal ideation (PR= 0.07; 95% CI: 0.01-0.41), making it a protective factor. The proposed model presented optimal goodness-of-fit indices (CFI=0.974; TLI=0.974; SRMR=0.055; RMSEA=0.062). In addition, the proposed model can explain the presence of suicidal ideation in 88.3% (R2=0.883).&#x0D; Conclusions: Our model can explain 88.3% of suicidal behavior based on family relationships and mental health problems in medical interns. In addition, the variables that alone were most associated with suicidal behavior were anxious symptoms and family communication as risk factors and protective factors, respectively.

자살위험군 노인 대상 자살 예방 프로그램 효과성에 관한 국내 연구 동향

Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine the trends in the study of the effectiveness of suicide prevention programs for older adults in suicide risk and to present research directions for the development of suicide prevention programs in the future. Methods To this end, keywords such as ‘suicide’, ‘older adults’, ‘program’, ‘intervention’, ‘effect’, ‘effectiveness’ were searched in the National Assembly Library, KISS, Dbpia, and Riss and 10 studies of ‘suicide prevention programs for older adults in suicide risk’ published from 2000 to 2021 were analyzed based on the qualitative indicators of the research design proposed by Gersten et al. (2005) and the components of the suicide prevention program for suicide risk groups proposed by Park et al. (2022). Results First, the number of published articles increased in 2019, but none have been published since the breakout of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Second, the method of screening suicide risk groups often used depression tests and suicidal ideation scales, and programs using media access accounted for half of the independent variables. Third, the majority of dependent variables were suicide ideation scales and depression tests. Fourth, as a result of analyzing whether or not Gersten et al. (2005) meets the quality indicators, most of the studies met the quality indicators, but the quality indicators were relatively low in the following areas: securing program content validity, operator information, measuring maintenance effect after program termination, and presentation of the qualitative analysis of program effectiveness. Finally, as a result of examining the components of suicide prevention programs, it was found that the following areas were insufficient: establishing safety plans, learning coping skills, forming therapeutic relationships, and forming a protection system. Conclusions Based on the results of the study, implications for the suicide prevention programs for older adults in suicide risk were discussed.

The role of social exclusion in the formation of suicidal ideation among the elderly in rural pension institutions.

Social exclusion as well as a sense of belonging and depression have been identified as risk factors for suicide among older adults in pension institutions. In particular, the elderly living in rural pension institutions is more likely to have poor mental health and a higher incidence of suicidal ideation. This study explored the mechanism of social exclusion on suicidal ideation among the elderly in rural pension institutions, and the moderating effect of interpersonal trust. The social exclusion experience scale, sense of belonging, depression self-rating scale (CES-D), suicidal ideation scale (BSI-CV), and interpersonal trust scale (ITS) were used to investigate the elderly in rural pension institutions. A total of 1,387 samples (53.35% female) were collected, ranging in age from 65 to 95 years (M = 72.8, SD = 6.173). The results of the study found that: (1) social exclusion increases the suicidal ideation of the elderly in rural pension institutions, and the sense of belonging and depression play a significant chain-mediated role in the relationship between social exclusion and suicidal ideation in the elderly. (2) Interpersonal trust moderates the impact of social exclusion on the sense of belonging, depression, and suicidal ideation. Specifically, interpersonal trust can alleviate the promotion effect of social isolation on suicidal ideation and depression, and can also reduce the adverse effect of social exclusion on the sense of belonging. This study validates that social exclusion is a risk factor for suicidal ideation in the rural elderly and identifies interpersonal trust as a protective factor against social exclusion and its negative outcomes in the elderly. This study provides a scientific basis for improving the depression status of the elderly in rural China and formulating suicide prevention measures.

Suicide Screening Questionnaire-Self-Rating (SSQ-SR): Development, reliability, and validity in a clinical sample of Korean adults

The goal of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Suicide Screening Questionnaire-Self-Rating (SSQ-SR). A 25-item SSQ-SR is a newly developed suicide screening tool that measures suicide risk factors, including a history of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs), life stress, and mental health problems. To investigate the reliability and validity of the SSQ-SR, we conducted a longitudinal case-control study with adults with and without STBs in the past six months. A total of 176 participants were recruited through 12 hospital-based Crisis Response Centers across South Korea. At the baseline, we administered the SSQ-SR, the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSSI), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). In a 6-months follow-up, we investigated whether the participants engaged in suicidal ideation, plan, or attempt since the baseline assessment. As a result, the SSQ-SR demonstrated a strong internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient = 0.96). In addition, the total score of SSQ-SR had concurrent validity compared to the total scores of the BSSI and the PHQ-9. In comparing the suicidal groups with the control group, the ROC analysis indicated the optimal cut point at 31 with a sensitivity rate of 0.97 and a specificity rate of 0.98. Through explanatory factor analysis, two factors were identified: Mental Health and Environmental Factors and Active Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors. The SSQ-SR total and sub-factor scores were prospectively associated with subsequent suicidal ideation, plan, and attempt. These findings support that the SSQ-SR is a promising tool in prospectively screening those who are at risk of suicidal thoughts, plans, and nonfatal attempts.

The Mediating Role of Time Perspective in the Relationship between Chronotype and Suicide in Bipolar Disorder.

(1) Background: Suicide in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) is related to the chronotype of the person from a biological perspective. However, it is not known whether there is a relationship between suicide and psychological time in BD. The aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship between time perspective (TP) and suicide and the effect of TP on the relationship between suicide and chronotype in euthymic patients with BD. (2) Methods: We included 150 BD patients and 84 healthy controls in this cross-sectional study. We administered the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI), Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI), and Morning-Evening Questionnaire (MEQ). (3) Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the median scores of past negative TP, present fatalistic TP, future TP, and MEQ total score (p &lt; 0.001, p &lt; 0.001, p = 0.010, and p = 0.020, respectively). There was a significant correlation between past negative TP, future TP, MEQ scores, and BSSI scores in the patient group (p &lt; 0.001, p = 0.018, and p = 0.028, respectively). An inverse and significant relationship between the MEQ total score and BSSI score and TP types had a mediator role in this relationship. (4) Conclusions: Our study shows that TP, which evaluates time from a psychological perspective, has a direct relationship with suicidal ideation and a mediating role in the relationship between chronotype and suicide. According to our results, we can conclude that ZTPI can also be used to evaluate the risk of suicidality in patients with BD. Appropriate therapy methods for TP may help to prevent some suicide attempts.

Effects of neuronavigation-guided rTMS on serum BDNF, TrkB and VGF levels in depressive patients with suicidal ideation

BackgroundNeuronavigation-guided high-dose repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) could rapidly treat depressive patients with suicidal ideation. But the mechanism of rTMS still needs to be elucidated. This study aims to investigate if rTMS improves suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms by influencing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tropomysin receptor kinase B (TrkB) and VGF levels. MethodsIn the present 1-week study, 59 treatment-naive depressive patients with suicidal ideation were randomly assigned to the active (n = 31) or sham (n = 28) rTMS group. The severity of suicidal ideation and depression were measured by the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale. Fasting venous blood samples were collected at baseline and after treatment. Serum protein concentrations of BDNF, TrkB and VGF were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. ResultsWe found after treatment the levels of BDNF in the active rTMS group were higher than the sham group (p = 0.011), TrkB levels were decreased in the active group (p < 0.001), VGF levels were increased in the active group (p = 0.005). Post-treatment VGF levels in the active group were higher than the sham group (p = 0.008). However, there were no significant correlation between changes in BDNF, TrkB and VGF levels and the changes in clinical variables. LimitationsParticipants taking medication may affect the results. ConclusionsOur results suggest that the BDNF-TrkB pathway and VGF may be implicated in the mechanisms underlying neuronavigation-guided rTMS for treating depressive patients with suicidal ideation.

Concordance between the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale and Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation in assessing suicide behaviour in young adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorders

The Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C–SSRS) is considered the gold standard for collecting information on suicidal ideation and behavior by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the United States. To determine the accuracy of the C-SSRS compared to the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSS) for collecting suicide attempt history in the schizophrenia population, 202 participants aged 18–40 with schizophrenia spectrum disorders were administered the C-SSRS, followed by the BSS. Medical charts were reviewed to confirm the lifetime history of actual suicide attempts. The BSS had an 83.5% accuracy in reporting single suicide attempts and 81.7% for multiple suicide attempts; while the C-SSRS had 84.1% and 83.9% accuracy respectively. This difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.849). Both the BSS and C-SSRS demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity in collecting suicide attempt history for young patients with psychosis, with no significant differences. Future investigators may choose the scale that is best suited to the level of detail required.

Peripheral blood cytokines as potential diagnostic biomarkers of suicidal ideation in patients with first-episode drug-naïve major depressive disorder.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability, with a high risk of suicidal ideation (SI). Few studies have evaluated the potential of multiple cytokines as biomarkers for SI in patients with MDD. In the present study, we examined the serum levels of multiple cytokines in patients with first-episode drug-naïve MDD, with the aim to discover and identify serum cytokines-based biomarkers for identification of SI in MDD. A total of 55 patients with first-episode drug-naïve MDD were enrolled and divided into two groups: 26 MDD patients without SI and 29 MDD patients with SI. Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation was used to estimate SI. A total of 37 cytokines were measured using Multiplex Luminex Assays. The levels of serum cytokines between MDD patients without SI and MDD patients with SI were compared and diagnostic values of different cytokines were evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve method for discriminating MDD patients with SI from MDD patients without SI. The relationship between the group and the abnormal cytokines were investigated in multiple linear regression models, with adjustments for age, gender, BMI, smoking, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-24 (HAMD-24) scores. The levels of CCL26 and VEGF in MDD patients with SI were significantly lower than those in MDD patients without SI (all P < 0.05). On the contrary, the levels of IL-17C, CXCL10, and TNF-β in MDD patients with SI were significantly higher than those in MDD patients without SI (all P < 0.05). Moreover, the results of multiple linear regression revealed that group was a significant independent predictor of serum IL-17C, CCL-26, VEGF, and TNF-β levels (all P < 0.05). In terms of CXC10, group was also likely to be a significant independent predictor (β = 0.257, P = 0.063). Furthermore, the AUC values of IL-17C and TNF-β were 0.728 and 0.732, respectively. Additionally, a combined panel of IL-17C and TNF-β achieved a high accuracy in discriminating MDD patients with SI from MDD patients without SI (AUC = 0.848, sensitivity = 75.9%, specificity = 72.7%). These results suggested that circulating IL-17C and TNF-β may hold promise in the discovery of biomarkers for identification of SI in MDD.

Childhood maltreatment and suicidal ideation in Chinese children and adolescents: the mediating role of mindfulness

BackgroundChildhood maltreatment (CM) has been associated with suicidal ideation (SI) in children and adolescents, yet the mediating role of mindfulness in this association remains unclear. This study aims to test the mediation of mindfulness in CM-SI association among a large sample of Chinese children and adolescents.MethodsA population-based cross-sectional study of 3455 children and adolescents aged 10–17 years from southwest China Yunnan province was conducted. Information from the participants was collected by using a comprehensive self-administered questionnaire. The Chinese version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), and the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI) were used to measure CM, mindfulness and SI. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression models were used to estimate the crude and adjusted associations between CM, mindfulness and SI (one-week, one-year, lifetime). Pathway analysis was subsequently performed to test the mediation of mindfulness in CM-SI association.ResultsThe findings showed that mindfulness, CM and SI were significantly correlated with each other (p < 0.05). Mindfulness is a significant mediator in CM-SI association, accounted for 7.5, 11.4, and 17.6% of the total associations for one-week SI, one-year SI, and lifetime SI, respectively. For the five types of CM, the highest level of mediation via mindfulness had been found for physical neglect (PN) and one-year SI (34.3%), followed by emotional neglect (EN) and one-year SI (30.2%), sexual abuse (SA) and one-year SI (25.4%).ConclusionsOur study findings highlight the intervention potential of mindfulness in preventing CM associated suicidal risk. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to corroborate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based intervention for Chinese children and adolescents.

The Relationship between Depressive Symptoms, Rumination, and Suicide Ideation in Patients with Depression.

A cross-sectional study of 95 subjects with depression recruited intentionally from the psychiatric ward of Tzu Chi Hospital. The questionnaire included demographic data, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the Ruminative Response Scale, and the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation. Independent sample t-test, Pearson product difference correlation, and the stepwise regression test were adopted for data analysis. Age (r = -0.41, p &lt; 0.01), age at diagnosis (r = -0.34, p &lt; 0.01), and sleep duration (r = -0.25, p &lt; 0.05) were negatively correlated with rumination-reflection. The depressive symptoms (r = 0.72, p &lt; 0.01) were positively correlated with rumination, whereas rumination (r = 0.57, p &lt; 0.01) and suicide ideation were positively correlated. Depressive symptoms and rumination could predict suicide ideation, and the effective explanatory power reached 60%. If the patient with depression was younger or the patient was diagnosed at a younger age, the depressive symptoms of the reflection subscale of rumination thinking and suicide ideation were more serious. Our results indicate that clinicians who care for patients with depression should be aware of rumination and its impact on suicide ideation, specifically in younger patients.