Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised Research Articles

Influence of Depression and Loneliness on Suicidal Behaviour Among Public University Students in Malaysia

Suicide is a serious and curable public health issue that is alarming towards early adults like university students who are undergoing personal and social phase changes and pressures. This study investigates the influence of depression and loneliness on the suicidal behaviour of public university students in Malaysia. The quantitative study involved 406 public university students in Malaysia, including early teens aged 20 years and below and adults aged 40 years and above. Three instruments were used: Suicide Behaviours Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and UCLA Loneliness Scale Version 3. Data analysis involves examining basic statistical information. For this study, a stratified and proportional random selection method was used. The results indicated that public university students in Malaysia generally exhibited minimal levels of depression, loneliness, and suicidal behaviour. Depression and loneliness emerged as significant positive predictors influencing suicidal behaviour, accounting for 49.3% of the variance, while loneliness contributed to 0.3%. These non-significant findings suggest that overall, the mental well-being of the students is good. The study also highlights the role of cultural and societal factors unique to Malaysia in promoting positive mental health outcomes.

Savižudiškų minčių intensyvumo skalė (SIDAS) ir Savižudiško elgesio klausimynas – patikslintas (SBQ-R): lietuviškų versijų psichometriniai rodikliai

The Suicidal Ideation Attributes Scale (SIDAS) and the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) are widely used psychological instruments for assessing people‘s suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric characteristics of the Lithuanian versions of the SIDAS and SBQ-R. We analysed data collected from four samples: a Lithuanian general population quota sample based on age, gender and place of residence (N = 697, 52.9% women, aged 18–79 years); a sample of students (N = 2013, 72 % women, aged 18–29 years); a clinical sample of suicidal patients (N = 35, 77.1% women, aged 18–59 years); and a test-retest sample of students who completed the instruments twice within a two-week period (N = 54, 70.4% women, aged 18–47 years). The participants answered questions on gender, and age and completed the SIDAS and SBQ-R. The data analysis revealed that the Lithuanian versions of the SIDAS and SBQ-R have good internal consistency, temporal stability, construct, convergent, and criterion validity. The Lithuanian versions of the SIDAS and SBQ-R can be used to measure suicidality in research settings, as well as in clinical work as auxiliary tools.

Utility of Single Items within the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R): A Bayesian Network Approach and Relative Importance Analysis.

The Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) comprises four content-specific items widely used to assess the history of suicide-related thoughts, plans or attempts, frequency of suicidal ideation, communication of intent to die by suicide and self-reported likelihood of a suicide attempt. Each item focuses on a specific parameter of the suicide-related thoughts and behaviors construct. Past research has primarily focused on the total score. This study used Bayesian network modeling and relative importance analyses on SBQ-R data from 1160 U.S. and 1141 Chinese undergraduate students. The Bayesian network analysis results showed that Item 1 is suitable for identifying other parameters of the suicide-related thoughts and behaviors construct. The results of the relative importance analysis further highlighted the relevancy of each SBQ-R item score when examining evidence for suicide-related thoughts and behaviors. These findings provided empirical support for using the SBQ-R item scores to understand the performances of different suicide-related behavior parameters. Further, they demonstrated the potential value of examining individual item-level responses to offer clinically meaningful insights. To conclude, the SBQ-R allows for the evaluation of each critical suicide-related thought and behavior parameter and the overall suicide risk.

The physical, social, and mental conditions of machine learning in student health evaluation

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to assess how well several machine learning (ML) algorithms predict the physical, social, and mental health condition of university students.ObjectivesThe physical health measurements used in the study include BMI (Body Mass Index), %BF (percentage of Body Fat), BSC (Blood Serum Cholesterol), SBP (Systolic Blood Pressure), and DBP (Diastolic Blood Pressure).MethodsThe mental health evaluation relied on the following methods: PHQ‐9 (Patient Health Questionnaire‐9), ISI (Insomnia Severity Index), GAD‐7 (Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale), and SBQ‐R (Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire‐Revised). The study assessed KEYES, the comprehensive social health indicator. The study uses a famous methodology for training and testing four well‐known ML algorithms, namely the K‐nearest neighbors algorithm, decision trees, Naïve Bayes, and the random forest algorithm.Results and ConclusionsThe recall value of the RF algorithm is higher by 2.0%, 4.15%, and 11.25%, respectively. The F‐score value of the RF algorithm is also the highest. The differences amount to 4.56% (Naïve Bayes), 2.50% (DT), and 11.20% (K‐NN). Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F‐score were used to assess the researched ML algorithms' prediction ability. With a 99.40% prediction accuracy, a 97.60% precision, a 99.30% recall, and an F‐score value of 98.70%, the Random Forest method performed the best. ML algorithms can serve as tools for the prediction of physical, mental, and social health state of patients, including students, but they have a rather narrow scope of application and do not cover all aspects of health.

Reducing the risk of suicidal behaviors in medical graduate students: exploration of student-supervisor relationship and subjective family socioeconomic status.

This study aimed to investigate the association between the risk of suicidal behaviors and student-supervisor relationships and subjective family socioeconomic status (SFSS) in medical graduate students, and to propose preventive strategies to reduce the suicidal risk among medical graduate students. A total of 1,310 validated questionnaires were collected from medical graduate students, which included demographic information, study programs, the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) questionnaire, the Leader-Member Exchange 7 (LMX-7) questionnaire, and SFSS by MacArthur Scale. Multiple regression analysis was employed to examine the associations between variables and adjust for confounders. A moderation analysis, containing simple slope analysis and Johnson-Neyman interval plots were used to analyze the moderating effect of the SFSS in the association of SBQ-R and LMX-7 scores. A total of 88 participants (6.7%) were at risk of suicidal behaviors. In the high-quality student-supervisor relationship group (LMX-7 score ≥ 25), SFSS was significantly higher than in the low- and moderate-quality relationship group (p=0.002). The median SBQ-R score and proportion of suicide risk was significantly lower (p<0.001) in the high-quality student-supervisor relationship group. Multiple regression analysis indicated LMX-7 scores (β=-0.098, 95% CI [-0.118, -0.077], p<0.001) and SFSS (β=-0.073, 95% CI [-0.127, -0.019], p=0.008) were significantly negatively associated with SBQ-R, whereas the interaction term of SFSS with LMX-7 (β=0.018, 95% CI [0.007, 0.029], p=0.001) showed a significant positive association with SBQ-R. The Johnson-Neyman interval showed a significant association between LMX-7 and SBQ-R scores only when SFSS was less than 7.82 (p<0.05). The risk of suicidal behaviors was associated with student-supervisor relationships and SFSS among medical graduate students. Poor relationships with supervisor were associated with an elevated risk of suicidality, and SFSS moderated this association. Educators should pay increased attention to the suicidal risk of medical graduate students with poor supervisor relationships, especially those from families with low SFSS, and provide timely preventive strategies.

Understanding the influence of Social Determinants of Health (SDH) on suicidal behaviors among HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) in China: A population-based study

BackgroundHIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk of suicide and experience intersectional inequalities. The Social Determinants of Health (SDH) framework provides valuable insights into how inequalities can lead to adverse outcomes. This study aimed to employ the SDH framework to identify factors that contribute to suicidal behaviors among this population. Methods1410 HIV-positive MSM were recruited using a web-based questionnaire, whose mean age was 30.77 ± 6.92 years old. Participants completed questionnaires including baseline information and psychological measurements, such as Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R). Logistic regression analysis was conducted to screen for risk factors associated with suicidal behaviors. ResultsMore than half of the participants (53.3 %, 752/1410) had an SBQ score of 7 or higher. Binary logistic regression analysis of structural and intermediary determinants (Model 3) revealed that sexual orientation, stigma (ORs: 1.018, 95 % CI: 1.005–1.032), interpersonal needs (ORs: 1.021, 95 % CI: 1.010–1.031), depression (ORs: 1.037, 95 % CI: 1.001–1.074) and entrapment (ORs: 1.018, 95 % CI: 1.004–1.032) were positively correlated with suicidal behaviors. Individuals with other or unknown sexual orientation had significantly higher rates of suicidal behaviors compared to those with a heterosexual sexual orientation (ORs: 5.021, 95 % CI: 1.529–17.640). LimitationsSampling of HIV-positive MSM posed challenges in data collection. It may introduce selection bias and affect generalizability. ConclusionThis study identified that sexual orientation, stigma, interpersonal needs, depression, and entrapment were significantly associated with suicidal behaviors among HIV-positive MSM. Additionally, these factors can be social determinants of health that contribute to suicidal behaviors.

Suicide Behavior Among Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Living with HIV: A Cross-Sectional Study in Indonesia.

Suicide remains a major public health problem, with nearly 1million deaths per year. The number tends to increase over time and factors leading to suicide suicidal behaviors are complex. However, there is a paucity of evidence on suicidal behaviors and the associated factors among people living with HIV (PLWH) in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of suicidal behavior between indigenous and non-indigenous living with HIV who were on Dolutegravir and Efavirenz therapies. The cross-sectional data were collected using questionnaires. Participants completed the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-42 (DASS-42), HIV Stigma-Sowell Scale, and demographic information questions. The outcome was low and high self-reported suicidal behaviors, while logistic regression analyses were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for associated factors of high suicidal behaviors. A total of 200 PLWH were enrolled and 8.5% of the participants had high levels of suicidal behaviors. The majority of participants were Efavirenz users (84.0%), and Papuans as Indigenous (75.5%). More than half had a high school education (60.5%), were female (58%), married (54%), and unpaid (59%). The multiple logistic regression model showed that indigenous (aOR = 0.122; 95% CI = 0.029-0.514), and people who had children (aOR = 0.221; 95% CI = 0.051-0.957) were more likely to have low suicidal behaviors. Participants who were aged 18-27 years (aOR = 5.894; 95% CI = 1.336-30.579), had high self-blame (aOR = 1.342; 95% CI) = 1.004-1.792), and detectable HIV viral load (aOR = 6.177; 95%CI = 1.118-34.119) had high suicidal behavior. This study identified the risk of suicidality among PLWHs is high and routine suicide assessment is prioritized. The findings are also useful for intervention design and the development of clinical practice guidelines to manage the well-being of PLWH such as using digital intervention to cope with hindrances.

Prevalence and factors associated with suicidal ideation and attempts among mentally ill patients in the psychiatry OPD at St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

BackgroundEvery year, more than 800,000 people die due to suicide (one person every 40 s), ranking as the second leading cause of death next to traffic accidents in individuals aged 15–29 years. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and factors associated with suicidal ideation and attempts among mentally ill patients.MethodAn institutional-based, cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2019 and January 2020. Data were collected using a convenient sampling technique until the required sample size was achieved. The total sample size was 385. The Suicidal Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), Oslo Social Support Scale, and self-prepared to assess suicide were used. Data collection was carried out by psychiatry professionals through face-to face interviews. Data were analyzed, and bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.ResultA total of 385 patients participated in the study. Of these, 216 (56%) were men. The prevalence of suicide ideation was 255 (66.2%). The odds of suicidal ideation and attempt was almost three times higher [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11–6.98]; among patients who felt hopeless, the OR was around two times higher (AOR = 2.44, 95% CI 1.17–5.08); among patients who had a family history of suicide, the OR was almost three times higher (AOR = 2.56, 95% CI 1.00–6.53); among patients who stopped their medication, the OR was approximately two times higher (AOR = 2.25, 95% CI 1.14–4.46); the OR of suicidal ideation and attempts was almost six and four times higher (AOR = 5.86, 95% CI 1.30–26.41; and AOR = 3.61, 95% CI 1.01–12.88) among patients who were educated to primary and secondary level, respectively.ConclusionIn this study, carried out in Ethiopia, suicidal ideation and attempts were more common among men than women. The prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempts showed a significant public health issue among hospital-attending and chronic mentally ill adolescents, which requires a large emphasis. We recommend that suicide prevention needs to involve non-governmental and non-profit organizations, universities, and civil society at different levels.

Presenting a Causal Model of Suicidal Behavior Based on Early Childhood Trauma the Mediation of Thwarted Belongingness in Suicide Attempters in Tehran

Objective: According to reports, a suicide attempt is made every 40 seconds in the world, some of which have serious consequences for the attempter. The present study investigated the relationship between suicidal behavior in suicide attempters and early childhood trauma, with the mediation of thwarted belongingness. Materials and Methods: The current study is descriptive and correlational. A total of 365 patients who attempted suicide and were hospitalized at Baharloo Hospital in Tehran in 2022 were selected through convenience sampling. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ) for thwarted belongingness, and the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) were administered to the suicide attempters. The Sobel test was used to examine the mediation hypotheses, and structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to evaluate the proposed model. Findings: The results showed that there are positive and significant relationships between Childhood trauma score and suicidal behavior (r=0.42, p&lt;0.001), and thwarted belongingness and suicidal behavior (r=0.395, p&lt;0.001). The model fit indices confirmed the path from Childhood trauma to suicidal behavior and the path from Childhood trauma with the mediation of thwarted belongingness. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that Childhood trauma plays a crucial role in suicidal behavior, both directly and indirectly through the mediation of thwarted belongingness. Therefore, teaching families and schools to prevent childhood traumas, as well as providing treatment for individuals with childhood traumas and addressing their interpersonal needs (thwarted belongingness), can effectively prevent and reduce suicidal behavior.

The effect of childhood trauma on suicide risk: the chain mediating effects of resilience and mental distress

BackgroundSuicide is the fourth leading cause of death among young people aged 15–29 years. A large number of studies have found that mental disorder in adulthood is closely related to childhood trauma, and the relationship between childhood trauma and suicide risk is influenced by resilience and mental distress. This study aimed to explore the effects of childhood trauma on suicide risk among young people and the potential roles of resilience and mental distress in the relationship between childhood trauma on suicide risk.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted among 742 young adults who were in graduate school stage from multiple provinces and cities in China. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-Short Form), Connor-Davison Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and Suicide Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) were used to measure young adults’ childhood trauma, resilience and suicide risk, respectively. 9-items Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and 7-items self-report Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) were used together to measure mental distress. Correlation analysis was performed to explore the initial relationships among the main variables. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted to examine the chain mediating effects of resilience and mental distress in the relationship between childhood trauma and suicide risk.ResultsThe structural equation modeling produced goodness of fit indices (χ2 /df = 3.668, p < 0.001, RMSEA = 0.060, NFI = 0.959, CFI = 0.969, GFI = 0.969, TLI = 0.955). Childhood trauma significantly predicted suicide risk (β = 0.232, p < 0.001) and mental distress (β = 0.181, p < 0.001), which had negative effect on resilience (β = -0.233, p < 0.001). Resilience negatively affected mental distress (β = -0.483, p < 0.001) and suicide risk (β = -0.142, p = 0.001), while mental distress positively associated with suicide risk (β = 0.219, p < 0.001).ConclusionThe current study revealed that resilience and mental distress played chain-mediating roles in the relationship between childhood trauma and suicide risk. This suggests that we should view the suicide risk of graduate students from a comprehensive perspective.

Understanding the Broader Impact of Stuttering: Suicidal Ideation.

Suicide and suicidal ideation are topics that have a long but limited history in stuttering research. Clinicians and clinical researchers have discussed personal and therapeutic experiences with clients who have attempted suicide, died by suicide, or struggled with suicidal thoughts. This study sought to (a) explore the occurrence of suicidal ideation in a sample of adults who stutter; (b) evaluate the relationship between adverse impact related to stuttering and suicidal ideation; and (c) document respondents' thoughts related to suicide, stuttering, and their intersection. One hundred forty adults who stutter completed the Suicide Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R). Of these, 70 participants completed the Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (PTQ), and 67 completed the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering (OASES). Participants who indicated at least some tendency for suicidal thoughts on the SBQ-R (n = 95) were then asked a set of follow-up questions to explore their experiences of suicidal ideation related to stuttering. Quantitative data indicated that the majority of adults who reported experiencing suicidal ideation associated these experiences with stuttering (61.2%, n = 59). Individuals with higher Total Scores on the PTQ and OASES were predicted to experience significantly higher rates of suicidal ideation and, in particular, a higher likelihood of having more frequent suicidal ideation in the past year. Qualitative analyses revealed that suicidal ideation intersects meaningfully with the experience of stuttering. Data from this study highlight the importance of considering broader life consequences of stuttering that some adults may experience, including suicidal ideation. By being cognizant that clients may develop such thoughts, speech-language pathologists can play a valuable role in identifying and providing necessary support for at-risk individuals. https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23699688.

Validation of the German Version of the P4 Suicidality Tool.

For general practitioners (GPs), it may be challenging to assess suicidal ideation (SI) in patients. Although promising instruments exist for the use in primary care, only a few have been validated in German. The objectives of this study were to examine the validity of the brief P4 screener for assessing SI in a cross-sectional study including outpatients. Inclusion criteria were a PHQ-9 score ≥ 10 or an affirmative answer to its SI item. Construct validity of the P4 was examined by comparison with the four-item Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), the PHQ-9 (convergent), and the positive mental health (PMH) scale (divergent). The study sample included 223 patients (mean age 47.61 ± 15 years; 61.9% women) from 20 primary care practices (104 patients) and 10 psychiatric/psychotherapeutic clinics (119 patients). The first three items of the P4 correlate positively with most of the four items of the reference standard SBQ-R (convergent validity); the fourth item of the P4 (preventive factors) correlates significantly with the PMH scale. The most common preventive factor (67%) is family or friends. The German P4 screener can be used to assess SI in outpatient care. It explores preventive or protective factors of suicide, which may support the GP's decision on treatment. We recommend a further clinical interview for patients flagged by P4 assessment in order to more formally assess suicidal risk.

The Relationship between Internet Addiction, Mental Health and Suicidal Behavior among Undergraduate Students in Malaysia

The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between internet addiction, mental health and suicidal behavior among undergraduate students in Malaysia. Online survey method is used in this study. 150 undergraduate students were recruited through convenience sampling. There were three instruments used in this study which were The Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Mental Health Inventory-18 (MHI-18) and The Suicide Behavior Questionnaire Revised (SBQ-R). Descriptive analysis is conducted to determine the prevalence of university students with internet addiction. The results showed that undergraduate students with severe internet addiction was 5.3 %, while 51.3 % of the undergraduate student had moderate level of internet addiction, 28.7% of them had mild level of internet addiction and the rest were normal users of internet. Next, Pearson’s Correlation analysis showed that there is a low negative correlation between internet addiction and mental health (r_150 = -.27, p &lt; 0.01). Furthermore, the Pearson’s Correlation analysis also showed that there is a weak positive correlation between internet addiction and suicidal behavior (r_150 = .23, p &lt; 0.01). In conclusion, we can observe that internet addiction is significantly related to mental health and suicidal behavior. We need to take this issue more seriously as mental health is an important aspect in our life.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Internet addiction, Mental health, Suicidal behavior, Undergraduate students

Self-compassion and suicide risk: a moderated mediation model and evidence from Chinese universities.

Suicide is a major social and public health problem in the world. It is important to identify protective and risk factors for suicide. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between self-compassion and suicide risk. 1143 college students were surveyed by using Chinese Self-Compassion Scale (CSCS), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 Chinese Version (DASS-21), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R). Negative self-compassion had a significant positive predictive effect on college students' suicide risk; in the model of negative self-compassion affecting suicide risk, negative emotions played a mediating role and the mediating role was moderated by resilience. Specifically, compared with low resilience, students with high resilience have a weaker ability to predict suicide risk by negative emotions. Negative self-compassion is a risk factor for suicide risk, reducing negative self-compassion (self-judgment, isolation, and over-identification) and enhancing resilience has a guiding effect on suicide prevention and intervention.

Suicidal thoughts and behaviors in patients with chronic pain, with and without co-occurring opioid use disorder.

Individuals with chronic pain and a co-occurring substance use disorder present higher risk of suicide, but the individual and joint impacts of chronic pain and substance use disorders on suicide risk are not well defined. The objective of this study was to exam the factors associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviors in a cohort of patients with chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP), with or without concomitant opioid use disorder (OUD). Cross sectional cohort design. Primary care clinics, pain clinics, and substance abuse treatment facilities in Pennsylvania, Washington, and Utah. In total, 609 adults with CNCP treated with long-term opioid therapy (>/= 6 months) who either developed an OUD (cases, n = 175) or displayed no evidence of OUD (controls, n = 434). The predicted outcome was elevated suicidal behavior in patients with CNCP as indicated by a Suicide Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) score of 8 or above. The presence of CNCP and OUD were key predictors. Covariates included demographics, pain severity, psychiatric history, pain coping, social support, depression, pain catastrophizing and mental defeat. Participants with CNCP and co-occurring OUD had an increased odds ratio of 3.44 in reporting elevated suicide scores as compared to participants with chronic pain only. Multivariable modeling revealed that mental defeat, pain catastrophizing, depression, and having chronic pain, and co-occurring OUD significantly increased the odds of elevated suicide scores. Patients with CNCP and co-morbid OUD are associated with a 3-fold increase in risk of suicide.

The Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Mental Health and Suicidal Behaviors: A Study from Portuguese Language Countries

Background: Research on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) demonstrates that they can be associated with physical and mental health problems throughout the lifecourse. However, few studies have examined this topic in the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLC). Objective: This study aims to assess the impact of ACEs on mental health and suicidal behaviors in a sample of participants from the CPLC. Participants and Setting: The sample consists of 1006 participants aged between 18 and 80 years (mean = 41.76; SD = 14.19). Methods: This study used an online survey that included a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18) to assess somatization, depression, and anxiety symptoms, and overall mental functioning, the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) to assess suicidal behaviors, and the Family Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire to assess ACEs. Results: Emotional abuse was the most reported ACE (32.7%). Participants from Brazil had higher levels of somatization, depression, anxiety, and suicide ideation and attempt, while participants from Portugal had a higher probability of suicide in the future. ACEs were strong and significant predictors of psychological symptoms and the likelihood of suicide in the future, with emotional abuse and emotional neglect being the domains with the greatest contribution, respectively. Conclusions: ACEs are a prevalent and general phenomenon across several countries. It is urgent to alert policymakers and mental health professionals of the need to intervene with children and families to ensure their harmonious and adjusted development, thus promoting quality of life and well-being of populations.

Trait mindfulness plays a protective role in the positive relationships between stress, depressive symptoms, and suicidal behavior in an at-risk population: Music industry touring professionals

This study aimed to elucidate factors related to suicidality in a high-stress population—music industry touring professionals. It also examined whether trait mindfulness plays a moderating role in relations among these factors and suicidality. Touring professionals ( N = 1,154) responded to an online questionnaire that included the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale–Revised (CES-D), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Suicide Behavior Questionnaire–Revised (SBQ-R), and the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). Mediation and moderated-mediation analyses were conducted on data from completed instruments ( n = 550) with PSS as the antecedent, CES-D as the mediator, MAAS as the moderator, and SBQ-R as the outcome. The indirect effect of stress through depressive symptoms on suicidality was significant. The moderation of this indirect effect by mindfulness also reached significance, with greater mindfulness scores associated with an attenuation of the impact of stress on suicidality through depressive symptoms. Mindfulness was a moderator of stress on depressive symptoms and suicidality. Mindfulness-based interventions for populations under high stress, such as touring professionals, may be an important topic for future research.

Analysis of Psychiatric Symptoms and Suicide Risk Among Younger Adults in China by Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation

Younger adults in China who are transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) and lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) experience high levels of minority stress (eg, stigma and bullying) and adverse mental health symptoms. However, there is a lack of research documenting mental health disparities compared with their cisgender and heterosexual peers. Studies that disaggregate TGNC and LGB individuals and are conducted in nonmetropolitan regions are also needed. To examine whether younger adult students' psychiatric symptoms and suicide risk vary by sexual orientation and gender identity and identify risk factors within LGB younger adults and TGNC younger adults. This cross-sectional study surveyed students at 63 universities in Jilin Province, China, between October 24 and November 18, 2021. Analyses were completed May 6, 2022. Gender identity (TGNC vs cisgender) and sexual orientation (LGB vs heterosexual). Psychiatric outcomes included depression, anxiety, traumatic stress, and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), which were measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Trauma Screening Questionnaire, and self-reported NSSI behaviors. The Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised was used to assess suicide risk. The analytic sample included 89 342 younger adults (mean [SD] age, 19.60 [1.75] years), including 51 438 assigned female at birth and 37 904 assigned male at birth. The sample included 2352 individuals who were TGNC, 6501 who were cisgender LGB, and 80 489 who were cisgender heterosexual. Compared with their cisgender heterosexual peers, TGNC and LGB younger adults were more likely to experience increased psychiatric symptoms across categories and suicide risk, as well as more severe forms of symptoms. In particular, overall suicide risk was 43.03% among TGNC individuals, 36.21% among LGB individuals, and 11.70% among cisgender heterosexual younger adults. Controlling for demographic variables and compared with cisgender heterosexual peers, TGNC young adults had higher odds of suicide risk (adjusted odds ratio, 5.38; 95% CI, 4.94-5.86; P < .001) and of past-year NSSI (adjusted odds ratio, 6.55; 95% CI, 5.87-7.30; P < .001). Separate within-group analyses for LGB and TGNC younger adults highlighted the vulnerability of bisexual women and gender nonbinary groups, as well as the relevance of minority stress-related risk factors, including peer bullying and assault and loneliness. This study noted disparities of mental health issues among LGB, transgender, or queer or questioning younger adults in China and suggests a high urgency to address psychological health and prevent suicide in this population. Targeted public health initiatives may be needed to reduce stigma and discrimination, train competent health care professionals, and create affirmative mental health policies and systems of care.

Clinical covariates of self-harm and suicidality in a community sample of Irish Travellers

IntroductionIrish Travellers are an indigenous minority group in Ireland. Health inequalities have been widely reported within the Traveller community, with a shorter life expectancy of 11 years less than the general population. Travellers also have higher mortality rates of 3.5 times higher than the general population in Ireland. Suicide is a serious problem in the Traveller community with a suicide rate of 11% among Travellers: 6 times higher in women and 7 times higher in men compared with their counterparts in the general population.ObjectivesThere is a paucity of research into the clinical characteristics of self-harm and suicidality among Irish Travellers despite the elevated suicide rates in this community. This study aims to bridge the knowledge gap in the mental health of Irish Travellers, focusing on the clinical factors associated with self-harm and suicidality in a community sample of Irish Travellers.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study. Study participants completed self-report and interview-based validated questionnaires that screen for anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder assessment: GAD-7), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire: PHQ-9), and suicidality (Suicide Behaviours Questionnaire-Revised: SBQ-R and Adult Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire: ASIQ). Ethical approval was granted through the Clinical Research Ethics Committee, University College Dublin.ResultsDespite an active recruitment campaign, participation rate from Irish Travellers in this study was low, with only five participants completing this study. Three were male. The mean age of the study participants was 39±14.7 years. All had pre-existing mental health diagnoses, most commonly anxiety disorder. All had at least one previous episode of self-harm and 80% had a positive family history of self-harming behaviour. No participants reported a history of alcohol or substance misuse. Over half of the participants reported severe anxiety and depressive symptoms with median GAD-7 score of 19 and PHQ-9 score of 21 respectively. All participants demonstrated significant risk of suicidal behaviour based on their SBQ-R and ASIQ scores.ConclusionsDespite elevated rates of suicidality and mental illness in this ethnic minority group, Irish Travellers demonstrated lower participation in mental health research, including this study. These recruitment challenges suggest that factors such as stigma, shame and lack of trust may be contributory. These factors may also act as barriers to them accessing mental healthcare when they develop mental health symptoms such as anxiety and depression, associated with increased risk of self-harm and suicidal behaviours. There is a need for better engagement strategies with Travellers to promote awareness into their needs and reduce mental health problems in this population.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Factors Influencing Suicidal Behaviour among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study from North India

In the majority of the affected nations, suicidal behavior against COVID-19 leads to various concerns. This study aimed to analyze determinants affecting suicidal behaviour among university students in Uttarakhand. An online cross-sectional survey of 18-year-old university students in Uttarakhand was conducted between April 2 and May 13, 2022. The questionnaire comprised socio-demographic information, the Suicidal Behaviors’ Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) scale, and elements related to the physical and psychological health of COVID-19 (CRPPF). The statistical study included demographic information, basic statistics in terms of frequency and percentage, and logistic regression. In comparison to students with fewer than seven family members, students with more than seven family members were less likely to participate in suicide behaviour (AOR = 2.21; 95% CI: 1.79 to 2.67) and vice versa (AOR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.56 to 0.97). According to the study, a substantial majority of students (76.35%) claimed that the lockdown implemented to stop the spread of COVID-19 was extremely upsetting for them and that the pandemic had caused them to miss their graduation (73.90%). Adjusted multivariate logistic regression shows that feelings of a burden on family, (AOR= 1.98, 95% CI: 1.09 to 2.82), distancing from family or friends, (AOR =1.66; 95% CI: 1.26 to 2.01), having relationship dilemmas, (AOR= 2.31; 95% CI: 1.84 to 2.97), and being anxious during the lockdown, (AOR= 1.84; 95% CI: 1.08 to 2.27), are significant factors among participants that are linked to higher risk of engaging in suicidal behaviour. The possibility of university students engaging in suicide behaviour was significantly affected by numerous factors. In addition to defending the students' mental health, the concerned authorities should devise and implement strategies to safeguard the students' physical health.